CN105135962A - Method for improving deep-hole step blasting quality of extremely hard rock - Google Patents
Method for improving deep-hole step blasting quality of extremely hard rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN105135962A CN105135962A CN201510517188.1A CN201510517188A CN105135962A CN 105135962 A CN105135962 A CN 105135962A CN 201510517188 A CN201510517188 A CN 201510517188A CN 105135962 A CN105135962 A CN 105135962A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the blasting quality of deep hole steps of extremely hard rock, which comprises the following steps: arranging blast holes on the steps of the explosion area, determining hole pattern parameters, and vertically drilling holes; determining a charging structure, and simultaneously adopting charging structures of sectional charging and mixed charging in a blast hole; determining explosive: selecting explosives according to the matching coefficient of the explosive wave impedance and the rock wave impedance; determining blasting parameters including chassis resisting line length W, pitch a, row pitch b, ultra-depth h and blast hole stuffing length l; and (4) detonating, namely filling explosives, filling the blast hole with stemming at the top of the blast hole, detonating reversely from the bottom of the blast hole, and detonating in a micro-difference order among holes. The invention gives full play to the explosive property by reasonably selecting the mesh parameters, the charging structure, the explosive, the blasting parameters, the detonation position and the detonation sequence and combining the multiple ways, ensures the full reaction of the explosive, improves the utilization rate of blastholes and reduces the block rate and the root of the rock burst.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mine blasting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality.
Background technology
The quality of blasting quality, directly has influence on and adopts dress, transport, coarse crushing and earthquake and safety, directly has influence on the economic benefit in mine.Therefore, how improving Blasting Quality of Open-pit has been that current Production of Strip Mine compares one of distinct issues.Improve blasting quality and will reduce bulk and foundation in fact exactly.
In recent years, along with the development of mining industry, some skarns become the large ore deposit in ore deposit to be developed gradually, but because of its ore deposit rock solid coefficient high (f=16 ~ 22), in exploitation, there is such as side slope whether safety, the problem such as blast fragmentation size is uneven, boulder yield is higher, selecting and purchasing efficiency is low, equipment attrition is serious, cost is higher, low in economic efficiency in the open.
Existing blasting technique often rule of thumb realizes, from external factor angle, perception ground Optimized Measures, lack specific aim, many experiences have been not suitable for the explosion of extremely hard rock, not good to the blasting quality of extremely hard rock, the generation of bulk, foundation can be caused, thus the standby efficiency of installing is adopted in impact, still need to adopt secondary blasting, increase blasting cost.Therefore, the method for research extremely hard rock raising blasting quality is imperative further.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the technical problem existed in prior art, a kind of generation that effectively can reduce bulk and foundation is provided, blasting vibration can be reduced simultaneously, ensure the method for the raising extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality of Slope leveling degree and stability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions: a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality, the method comprises the following steps:
A, cloth big gun hole: on quick-fried district step, arrange big gun hole by leg-of-mutton pattern, design according to hole Blasting In Open-pit Mines and require determining hole network parameters, comprising every hole hole pattern area S and the intensive parameter m in big gun hole, and vertical drilling;
B, determine charge constitution: the charge constitution simultaneously adopting decking and multicharge in big gun hole, wherein decking adopts air-decking technique; Multicharge adopts bottom big gun hole, loads high quick-fried power explosive, loads orthodox explosive on top, big gun hole;
C, determine explosive: the matching factor according to explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock selects explosive, and the matching factor of described explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock is 0.8-1.0;
D, determining blasting parameter: determine blasting parameter according to hole Blasting In Open-pit Mines design and requirement, comprise toe burden length W, pitch-row a, array pitch b, ultra-deep h, blast hole stemming length l, described toe burden length W=(20-30) d, d be aperture; Described blast hole stemming length l is the length of big gun hole remainder after powder charge, blast hole stemming length l=(20-25) d, d be aperture;
E, to detonate: install explosive, use stemming filling big gun hole at the top in big gun hole, from the bottom indirect initiation in big gun hole, and adopt Delay between holes order to detonate, between hole, defer time is 3-5ms/m, and between row, defer time is 10-12ms/m.
Further, in described steps A, every hole hole pattern area S is determined by following formula: S=k π d
2/ 4, in formula, d is aperture, and k gets 400-900.
Further, in described steps A, the intensive parameter m in big gun hole is 1.0-1.2.
Further, in described step B air-decking technique, interval coefficient is that airspace segment body amasss the ratio with powder charge cumulative volume, with representing, that is: and=V
0/ V
1=l
0/ l
1, V
0, V
1-airspace segment body is long-pending, powder charge cumulative volume, l
0, l
1-airspace segment length, powder charge section total length, get 0.17-0.25.
Further, bottom big gun hole, when determining explosive in described step C, need the quick-fried power explosive of height loaded to be titania-mica, need on top, big gun hole the orthodox explosive loaded to be ANFO explosives prill.
Further, in described step D, pitch-row a and array pitch b determines according to every hole hole pattern area S and big gun hole close coefficient m determined in steps A, wherein S=aXb, m=a/b.
Further, in described step D, ultra-deep h is determined by following formula: ultra-deep h=KW, and wherein W is toe burden, and K gets 0.28-0.35.
Hinge structure of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention loads high quick-fried power explosive bottom big gun hole, loading orthodox explosive on top, big gun hole, by increasing quick-fried power, improve blasting impact intensity of wave, for the expansion in the initial crack of extremely hard rock explosion creates favourable condition, ensure enough explosion energies; Simultaneously, the present invention adopts leg-of-mutton pattern to arrange big gun hole and adopts the charge constitution of decking and multicharge, by increasing explosion momentum, extend the action time of Explosion stress wave and stress reflexion ripple, abundant fragmentation for extremely hard ore deposit rock provides a stress field strengthened, and ensures the utilization rate of explosion energy.In addition, the present invention determines suitable explosive wave impedance and the matching factor of wave impedance of rock, by reducing the useful loss of explosion, have matched the explosive adapted with the wave impedance of extremely hard ore deposit rock, ensures the transmission efficiency of explosion energy.
2, the present invention is on the basis of abundant integrated application " two increase one subtracts " explosion theory, by choose reasonable Hole pattern parameters, charge constitution, explosive, toe burden length, pitch-row, array pitch, ultra-deep, blast hole stemming length and point initiation and firing order, multipath comprehensive function, give full play to explosive property, ensure that explosive fully reacts, improve the utilization rate of borehole, reduce the boulder yield of quick-fried rock and the generation of foundation, reduce earthquake and shock wave, while raising demolition effect, ensure that flatness and the stability of side slope.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Long-hole Bench Blasting work arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is pattern of the present invention and hole-by-hole initiation sequential schematic.
Reference numeral implication of the present invention is as follows: 1-big gun hole, 3-stemming, 4-orthodox explosive, 5-high quick-fried power explosive, 6-airspace section, 7-equilateral triangle pattern, and 8-Delay between holes order is detonated.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality, the method comprises the following steps:
A, cloth big gun hole: the pattern due to triangle (quincunx) makes that each area equation is born in big gun hole 1, demolition effect is better, so arrange big gun hole 1 by leg-of-mutton pattern on quick-fried district step, from the angle of energy even distribution, equilateral triangle pattern 7 is even more ideal; Determining hole network parameters simultaneously, comprise every hole hole pattern area S and the intensive parameter m in big gun hole, every hole hole pattern area S is determined by following formula: S=k π d
2/ 4, in formula, d is aperture, and k gets 400-900; The intensive parameter m in big gun hole is 1.0-1.2; Then determine boring form and hole, due to the technical operation more complicated of Drilling inclined drill, easily Drilling accident occurs, and drill chisel speed is obviously slow than vertical drilling, inclined drill should not be adopted, so boring formal character vertical drilling in extremely hard rock.
B, determine charge constitution: the charge constitution simultaneously adopting decking and multicharge in big gun hole, wherein decking adopts air-decking technique, and interval coefficient is airspace section 6 volume and the ratio of powder charge cumulative volume, with representing, that is: and=V
0/ V
1=l
0/ l
1, V
0, V
1-airspace section 6 volume, powder charge cumulative volume, l
0, l
1-airspace section 6 length, powder charge section total length, get 0.17-0.25; Multicharge adopts bottom big gun hole 1, loads high quick-fried power explosive 5, loads orthodox explosive 4 on top, big gun hole 1; Adopt the charge constitution of decking, explosive is avoided too to concentrate on deep hole bottom, the energy of explosive can be made full use of, thus make in step, fragmentation that ore deposit, top rock also can be subject in various degree, reduce boulder yield, make catalase even, adopt the charge constitution of multicharge, under adapting to step ore deposit rock resistance, go up little rule greatly, avoid step root to produce foundation, reduce again the generation of step top bulk.
C, determine explosive: the matching factor according to explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock selects explosive, the matching factor of explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock is 0.8-1.0, the wave impedance value of conventional explosive and rock can be consulted related data and known, by Impedance matching, the utilization ratio of explosive energy is maximized.Will adopt multicharge form according in step B, selected explosive should be two or more, and the quick-fried power explosive 5 of the height that will load bottom big gun hole 1 is titania-mica, and the orthodox explosive 4 that will load on top, big gun hole 1 is ANFO explosives prill.
D, determining blasting parameter: comprise toe burden length W, pitch-row a, array pitch b, ultra-deep h, blast hole stemming length l, described toe burden length W=(20-30) d, d be aperture; Described blast hole stemming length l is the length of big gun hole remainder after powder charge, blast hole stemming length l=(20-25) d, d be aperture; Pitch-row a and array pitch b determines according to every hole hole pattern area S and big gun hole close coefficient m determined in steps A, wherein S=aXb, m=a/b; Ultra-deep h is the degree of depth that boring exceedes step chassis level, and ultra-deep h chooses the suitable generation that can reduce foundation, and can improve blasting quality, ultra-deep h is determined by following formula: ultra-deep h=KW, and wherein W is toe burden, and K gets 0.28-0.35.
E, detonate: install explosive, stemming 3 is used to clog big gun hole 1 at the top in big gun hole 1, from the bottom indirect initiation in big gun hole 1, reduce the clamping action of rock, reduce boulder yield, the primer [cartridge] easily occurred when can eliminate direct initiation is close to charge explosion in borehole and " is killed " or early quick-fried, adopt Delay between holes order to detonate 8 simultaneously, namely hole by hole initiation technique is adopted, the short-delay time of hole by hole initiation technique is the important parameter affecting demolition effect, short-delay time to be divided between hole defer time between defer time and row, for extremely hard rock, between hole, defer time is 3-5ms/m, between row, defer time is 10-12ms/m.The hole around each Kong Junyu of Hole-hole short-delay blasting is adopted to have space-time poor, thus also relative motion is had, and a scope of freedom more than other elementary errors method during explosion, big gun hole close coefficient is also comparatively large, and lumpiness is relatively more even, and earthquake and shock wave reduce, reduce the destruction to not quick-fried rock mass, use Hole-hole short-delay blasting technology can suitably enlarged hole network parameters, can reduce boulder yield and explosive specific charge 15-20%, quick-fried heap width also can reduce 1.3-1.5 doubly.
The method applying above-mentioned raising extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality is produced certain large surface mine explosion, the main host rocks in target mining area is skarns, ore Polodyakonov coefficient value f=19, top board Polodyakonov coefficient value f=16, base plate Polodyakonov coefficient value f=21, all belongs to extremely hard rock, and drilling core RQD value is below 75%, rock quality belongs to medium, and integrated degree is medium.
In engineering, main blasting parameter is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: main blasting parameter in engineering
Select titania-mica as igniting primer bottom big gun hole, weight is 4kg, and ANFO explosives prill is selected on top, big gun hole, select digital electric detonator (the Delay between holes time selects 12ms, and between row, short-delay time selects 36ms), after explosion, lumpiness is even, quick-fried heap is loose, and blasting quality improves greatly.After blasting parameter after optimization is applied to production, the demolition effect in this ore deposit is significantly changed, and boulder yield is down to 7%; The defeated effect of stope shovel shipment improves 30%, and power shovel abrasion obtain and effectively reduce; Select factory's broken mill cost savings 1.2 yuan/ton, achieve good selecting and purchasing overall economic efficiency.
Claims (7)
1. improve a method for extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
A, cloth big gun hole: on quick-fried district step, arrange big gun hole by leg-of-mutton pattern, design according to hole Blasting In Open-pit Mines and require determining hole network parameters, comprising every hole hole pattern area S and the intensive parameter m in big gun hole, and vertical drilling;
B, determine charge constitution: the charge constitution simultaneously adopting decking and multicharge in big gun hole, wherein decking adopts air-decking technique, and multicharge adopts bottom big gun hole, loads high quick-fried power explosive, loads orthodox explosive on top, big gun hole;
C, determine explosive: the matching factor according to explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock selects explosive, and the matching factor of described explosive wave impedance and wave impedance of rock is 0.8-1.0;
D, determining blasting parameter: determine blasting parameter according to hole Blasting In Open-pit Mines design and requirement, comprise toe burden length W, pitch-row a, array pitch b, ultra-deep h, blast hole stemming length l, described toe burden length W=(20-30) d, d be aperture; Described blast hole stemming length l is the length of big gun hole remainder after powder charge, blast hole stemming length l=(20-25) d, d be aperture;
E, to detonate: install explosive, use stemming filling big gun hole at the top in big gun hole, from the bottom indirect initiation in big gun hole, and adopt Delay between holes order to detonate, between hole, defer time is 3-5ms/m, and between row, defer time is 10-12ms/m.
2. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described steps A, every hole hole pattern area S is determined by following formula: S=k π d
2/ 4, in formula, d is aperture, and k gets 400-900.
3. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described steps A, the intensive parameter m in big gun hole is 1.0-1.2.
4. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step B air-decking technique, interval coefficient is that airspace segment body amasss the ratio with powder charge cumulative volume, with representing, that is: and=V
0/ V
1=l
0/ l
1, V
0, V
1-airspace segment body is long-pending, powder charge cumulative volume, l
0, l
1-airspace segment length, powder charge section total length, get 0.17-0.25.
5. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: bottom big gun hole, when determining explosive in described step C, need the quick-fried power explosive of height loaded to be titania-mica, need on top, big gun hole the orthodox explosive loaded to be ANFO explosives prill.
6. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step D, pitch-row a and array pitch b determines according to every hole hole pattern area S and big gun hole close coefficient m determined in steps A, wherein S=aXb, m=a/b.
7. a kind of method improving extremely hard rock Long-hole Bench Blasting quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step D, ultra-deep h is determined by following formula: ultra-deep h=KW, wherein W is toe burden, and K gets 0.28-0.35.
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| CN105571419A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-11 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Blasting method capable of effectively reducing blasting boulder yield of surface mine |
| CN105651127A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-08 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Charge system for advance rock breaking of surface mine |
| CN105865280A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-17 | 宏大矿业有限公司 | Method for optimally designing site mixed emulsion explosives matched with rocks |
| CN105973456A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-28 | 宏大矿业有限公司 | Field measurement method of matching relationship between deep hole blasting explosives and rocks |
| CN106091852A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | On-site mixed explosive and rock mass Impedance matching method of testing and system thereof |
| CN108195242A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-22 | 刘月江 | A kind of rock-blasting method |
| CN108489348A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-04 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | A kind of deep hole and the knockdown hard rock air bench blasting method of short-bore |
| CN109506530A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of opencut 24m High-bench blasting expands side structure and its side method is expanded in explosion |
| CN111207639A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-05-29 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Method for overcoming large chassis line resistance through deep hole blasting of strip mine |
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| CN111307004A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-19 | 葛洲坝易普力四川爆破工程有限公司 | Blasting design parameter optimization method |
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| CN112747644A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-04 | 新疆工程学院 | Blasting method for reducing rock chunks of strip mine |
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| CN113819820A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-21 | 北京科技大学 | Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method |
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| CN113515793A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-10-19 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for designing blast hole charging structure based on lithologic distribution |
| CN113515793B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-04-26 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for designing charge structure of blast hole based on lithology distribution |
| CN113819820A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-21 | 北京科技大学 | Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method |
| CN113819820B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-07-15 | 北京科技大学 | Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method |
| CN114199089A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 本溪钢铁（集团）矿业有限责任公司 | Method for safely blasting root |
| CN114216378A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-22 | 本溪钢铁（集团）矿业有限责任公司 | Deep hole blasting filling structure and filling method |
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