CN108195242A

CN108195242A - A kind of rock-blasting method

Info

Publication number: CN108195242A
Application number: CN201810167576.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘月江
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-02-28
Filing date: 2018-02-28
Publication date: 2018-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-28
Also published as: CN108195242B

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of rock-blasting method, and this method includes the following steps：1）, detection rock strength parameter, 2）, quick-fried position put a little, 3）, drilling, 4）, powder charge, 5）, blast hole mouth block, 6）, connection network line, 7）, warning, 8）, rise big gun.This programme changes rock blasting main function force direction, the mechanism of rock blasting is made to change according to the principle and rock-cracking mechanism of rock blasting.Promote explosive inflammation generate high pressure gas energy dive bottom acting, prevent rock blasting generate slungshot.Rock blasting is made not limited to by blasting environment, is widely applied to every engineering construction.

Description

A kind of rock-blasting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to Rock Blasting Technologies, refer in particular to a kind of rock-blasting method.

Background technology

Rock is species a kind of harder and that matter is crisp, and tensile strength and shearing strength are below compression strength.Rock Deformable amount it is seldom, deformation will generate rupture to a certain extent.So explosive explode in rock pore can be formed it is broken, And explosive explodes in lead hole can only make its deformation, here it is by the difference of explosion object species essence.

With the high speed development of social economy, rock blasting is in city-building, hydraulic and electric engineering engineering construction and different kinds of roads Become major project project in engineering construction.The technical research of rock blasting is increasingly paid attention to by scientific and technological circle, becomes one Door special disciplines.The technical know-how and practical operation technology of rock blasting have obtained significant progress, achieve preferable effect. But the blast working of various complex environments can't be fully met, is not met by the explosion of various particular/special requirements.In decades Theory of blasting obtains substantive breakthrough not yet, is also misled in mistaken ideas.Rock blasting principle is also swollen in quick-fried raw high pressure gas The swollen power of breaking is leading role and gas shock wave and to answer pulling force wave be to hover in leading role.There is no specific Theoretical Criterion, institute It cannot get breakthrough raising with Rock Blasting Technology.In the theoretical research of the explosion status model of rock blasting, also stop In vulnerabilities database model.However vulnerabilities database is a kind of initial blasting from, is a kind of single in the progress of big section rock center The demolition effect model of the shallow pot explosion in hole, its crushing are seldom.Fireman author employs lateral to improve blasting efficiency Free face individual shot, the explosion of porous side mountain, the explosion of porous step plane group develop to deep hole blasting from shallow blasting.Change Blasting method is become, has improved blasting efficiency, while also changed demolition effect model, in the practical explosion production process of engineering Middle vulnerabilities database no longer uses, thus rock blast theory sunykatuib analysis select single vulnerabilities database model tool one-sidedness and Limitation cannot get correct Theoretical Criterion.So rock blasting principle analysis, will start with from the physical of rock species, with Numerous catalase modes and numerous rock blasting types carry out comprehensive study, are sieved using exclusive method and method of comparison Choosing, obtains correct Theoretical Criterion, and rock blast theory is made preferably to serve rock blasting construction.

1st, it manually makes a sudden snatch

When stone is there are during lateral free face, people utilize the object that Tensile Strength of Rock is low, shearing strength is low and deformable amount is small Rationality.It drills on stone, then fills in the moderate steel pricker of taper, pressure is continuously applied on steel pricker makes stone form linear Power, when the tensile strength of rock reaches capacity, re-extending into the ultimate shearing strength of rock makes rock crack.It can be seen that it manually splits The predominant intermolecular forces of stone are that the extruding force that steel pricker is acted in petrosal foramen generates linear tension to rock.

2nd, swelling agent crushes

Swelling agent catalase is that swelling agent expands in rock pore, to petrosal foramen wall generate radial thrust and formed tangential pulling force and Shearing force makes rock crack.This is static effect, breaks rock under the premise of shock wave and tensile wave is completely absent It splits.

3rd, explosive blasting

Explosive charge is the detonation that explosive inflammation generates a large amount of gases and formed.Deep hole blasting and shallow bore hole in conventional rock blasting Explosion, the powder stick superposition length of powder charge accounts for more than 60 the percent of hole depth, using cap sensitive as ignition, then from Combustion Source reaches energy peak to completely burned, just certainly exists an of short duration combustion process.Explosive is in the quick-fried of relative closure It burns in pore volume, the atmospheric pressure of detonation gas reaches energy peak from low to high.It can be seen that gas is not present in this course Body shock wave and by gas shock wave attenuation be tensile wave.High pressure gas is stored in fixed container, and the space not run is not Impact can be formed, there can only be the expansion tension to wall surface of the container.It is pushed away when high pressure gas is radially expanded in blast hole to hole wall generation During power, tangential pulling force is sequentially formed.When tangential pulling force be more than rock stretching resistance when rock crack.When rock crack to a certain extent When, the expansion thrust of radial direction can be converted to the pulling force that rock mass generates shearing force, while high pressure gas contract enters crack and forms extruding Power, which expands crack, makes rock be broken completely.When rock crack, high pressure gas is attacked forms a kind of wave into crack impact interface rock mass, Namely shock wave, shock wave penetrate rock mass and soil layer in earth's surface Es-region propagations, are imitated by shock wave attenuation for stress wave into earthquake It should.It can be seen that the predominant intermolecular forces of rock blasting are the expansion thrust of high pressure gas.

The active force traffic direction analysis of rock blasting

1st, explosive

Explosive burns in moment to be generated high pressure gas and forms detonation.Since the speed of explosive inflammation significantly faster than generates gas point Scattered speed so gas voluntarily mutually compresses in the combustion process of moment, forms high pressure air mass in explosive completely burned Then spherical shape is to comprehensive release.It attacks interface objects and forms explosion.

2nd, the active force traffic direction of rock blasting

Explosive generates the energy release of the high pressure gas of explosion and the dispersion of high pressure gas in the air, is all to full side in spherical Position release and dispersion, and rock blasting has apparent difference.Can only be high pressure because blast hole bottom is an absolute firm face The stress field of gas, the supporting-point of high pressure gas tension.So blast hole bottom rock mass will not generate longer-distance division crack. Only a certain range of clast area, this clast area is rock stress：" rock its deflection under load effect reaches certain Degree will generate destruction " cause.So the energy of quick-fried raw high pressure gas be using blast hole bottom as section in hemisphere planar to quick-fried Aperture direction discharges.So it is in half that the active force of rock blasting, which has the expansion radial thrust of high pressure gas and high pressure gas energy, The thrust that spherical surface is run to blast hole mouth direction.

The Analysis on Mechanism of rock blasting

1st, vulnerabilities database

Vulnerabilities database shape is to carry out the demolition effect shape of individual shot generation in big section rock center, and vulnerabilities database blast hole is lateral For surrounding without free face, unique free face is free ground.Minimum burden only has blast hole palisades stress point to free ground This segment distance.When the active force of quick-fried raw high pressure gas is had an effect, act on blast hole wall surface is radially expanded thrust and height The vertical thrust of gas energy release operation is pressed, has been combined into a kind of oblique resultant force；When the minimum burden starting point of rock mass cracks When, high pressure gas contract enters crack and forms extruding force, and expanding crack makes rock mass be broken completely.High pressure gas contract enters high during rock cranny Pressure gas energy continues to do work, may between sillar during throwing sillar by the sillar of division to free ground throwing Generation is mutually shelved, and sillar is made to form shearing force and continue fragmentation under the thrust of expanding gas.It is cast in sillar Have an opportunity to be formed between sillar and sillar in the process and mutually collide and fragmentation.Unit consumption explosive charge is more, and the tolerance of generation is more, Air pressure in fixed volume is higher.The flying speed for being cast sillar is faster, and the mutual impact force of sillar is also bigger, and percentage of damage is got over It is high.So explosive consumption is directly proportional to percentage of damage to a certain extent.

2nd, porous group's plane explosion

Porous group's explosion is a kind of large-scale blasting method, and can detonate hundreds of quick-fried positions simultaneously.When each quick-fried position high pressure gas When energy is had an effect simultaneously, the thrust upward simultaneously to rock mass can be generated in each adjacent blast hole, blast hole bottom is formed tangentially Pulling force makes rock mass tangentially be broken；It, will be with each adjacent blast hole when high pressure gas energy generates radial thrust simultaneously in each blast hole Line of centres centered on generate to the separated thrust in both sides, and the thrust for being applied to line of centres is formed line of centres opposite direction and runs through Extruding force, make rock mass in line of centres radial fragmentation or educate body in rock and at least resist thread breakage.

Porous group's demolition effect shape has very big effect to change with vulnerabilities database shape.Porous group's explosion is because explosive is each Explosion time can generate a kind of resultant force radially and tangentially to blast hole simultaneously.Therefore blasting efficiency, therefore porous group are substantially increased Body explosion will not form vulnerabilities database effect shape.Catalase degree is related to consumed explosive charge, horizontal and vertical with blast hole Density is related.

The reason of generating blasting flyrock

1st, blast hole explosive payload is excessive

Blast hole dose is excessive, and Overlapping intensities of the powder stick in blast hole will increase, and the distance synchronous of explosive and blast hole mouth shortens.When When explosive inflammation is into high pressure expanding gas, being just easy to go out tamper makes the expansion power of high pressure gas close on blast hole Mouthful, make blast hole mouth rock mass take the lead in rupture fly out, here it is the farthest slungshots of flying distance.Secondly it is exactly that explosive charge is excessive, explosive The tolerance generated after burning increases, and air pressure is increased, and the percentage of damage of rock, which synchronizes, to be increased.The dynamics increase of throwing stone, speed add Soon, the flying distance of rubble increases remote, forms the detonation for dissipating flower everywhere.

2nd, point initiation not science

Point initiation is exactly the position that detonator is mounted on explosive section in blast hole.Assuming that detonator is mounted on the center of explosive section It detonates position, then explosive will divide upward and downward the two poles of the earth to burn, the pressure of detonation gas each section since Combustion Source section Gas pressure is increasing, finally reaches energy peak.It is formed two energy peak points in same blast hole therefrom, Form two main quick-fried areas.The quick-fried area of hypomere is not considered at this time, when the explosive completely burned in the quick-fried area of epimere reaches detonation gas During energy peak, tamper is just easily gone out, while tamper is rushed out, the energy of high pressure gas is closing on blast hole The wall surface of the hole formation of mouth is radially expanded thrust and the operation thrust of upward gas energy, and blast hole mouth rock masses fracturing is made to fly out.This Be exactly rock blasting can not complete control of flyrock the main reason for.The aligning method of this detonator and explosive, demolition effect Difference, because the active force of detonation gas is disperseed, when the detonation gas expansion thrust of blast hole bottom is less than the drag of rock mass, no Rock mass can be made to be broken completely and forming gap makes high pressure gas timely be disperseed to depressurize, so high pressure gas can be to blast hole bottom The rock mass in portion forms of short duration continuous loading pressure, and the rock mass of blast hole bottom is made to form a certain range of clast under load effect Area.So form blast hole mouth section by it is quick-fried it is broken disperse, rock mass poor, the blast hole bottom that cannot fracture or break up effect completely in the middle part of blast hole But become small-scale clast area.This rock blasting state is that one of explosion status is occluded in rock blasting.It will detonator When explosive superposition length point includes into 2/3rds top 1/3rd of blast hole bottom.Occlusion explosion status will disappear, but explosion Slungshot still will appear.Control rock blasting slungshot completely, the blasting technique for the more science of requiring study out.

Invention content

The reason of present invention generates slungshot according to rock blasting, it is stringent to control blast hole depth, while detonator is mounted on and is fried Rock-blasting method at the top of medicine.

To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the present invention is：A kind of rock-blasting method, it includes following Step：

1）, detection compressive strength of rock parameter,

2）, quick-fried position put a little, quick-fried position parameter is calculated as：Rock is maximum blocky for w, and blast hole big gun is away from for a, and blast hole array pitch is d, and blast hole is deep It spends for h, Nonlinear Fracture parameter is v；Then：；

3）, drilling, the most shallow depth h of blast hole cannot be less than 2m, and the distance for installing explosive top to blast hole mouth after explosive cannot Less than 1.8m；

4）, powder charge, data of explosive filled is calculated as：Dynamite quantity per hole is f, and blast hole depth is h, parameter v, v=0.2333；Then：f=hv f= kg ；And loaded length is no more than 1/3rd of blast hole depth；The blast hole of diameter 40mm is calculated by f=hv；

5）, blast hole mouth block, detonating capsule is mounted on the top of blast hole mouth direction explosive superposition length, and installing cannot after detonator Explosive is installed again；Fire point is clogged tightly to the space of blast hole mouth chopping fine sandy soil, and initial envelope is played when explosive starts burning The effect of closing；

6）, connection network line, using electric cap series network connect, make each quick-fried position detonate simultaneously to be formed resultant force；

7）, periphery cleaning, boulder explosion first remove one flank side surface of boulder enclose soil and it is broken it is small enclose stone, to reduce the resistance of boulder Power makes boulder smoothly take the lead in cracking release high pressure gas energy in time from bottom；Prevent high pressure gas gone out to blast hole mouth and It breaks through blast hole mouth rock mass and forms slungshot；

8）, warning, rise big gun.

Description of the drawings

The blast hole that Fig. 1 is the present invention is layered interval diagram.

Specific embodiment

The invention will be further described below, and key problem in technology of the invention is：

1st, blast hole depth is strictly controlled

The reason of slungshot is generated according to rock blasting, it is stringent to control the important link that blast hole depth is no slungshot explosion, because quick-fried The distance length on aperture to explosive top is too short, and the active force of quick-fried raw high pressure gas has approached blast hole mouth, will be blast hole mouth Rock mass take the lead in bursting, the sillar burst is flown in the air by the promotion of high pressure gas expansion thrust.With explosion experience, blast hole Most shallow depth h cannot be less than 2m, and the distance of explosive top to blast hole mouth cannot be less than 1.8m after installation explosive.So for that The blast hole that cause specific is unable to reach more than 2m is encountered in boring procedure a bit, it should it is discarded no longer to apply reluctantly quick-fried, flown with controlling The generation of stone.

2nd, explosive charge is strictly controlled

In no slungshot blasting technique, the explosive consumption of stringent control single hole is crucial.Because of the explosive superposition clogged in blast hole Length is too long, just shortens explosive top in succession to the distance of blast hole mouth, will result in the generation of slungshot.Secondly it is exactly that explosive is put Too much, the gas flow of generation is more, and quick-fried angry pressure is higher, and the percentage of damage of rock is higher.The dynamics increase of throwing rubble, rubble quilt The distance of throwing is remote, so a large amount of slungshot can be formed.The slungshot of controlled blasting should use weak standing scheme, and use is porous The method of few medicine.Control the maximum of rock blasting blocky using the spacing between blast hole is shortened.Maximum bulk w, blast hole big gun away from a, Blast hole array pitch d, blast hole depth h, Nonlinear Fracture parameter v.

；

The calculating of explosive consumption is controlled, with Pop Diameter 40mm, powder stick diameter 37mm, for lotus root does not attach together medicine.It is single quick-fried by rule of thumb The explosive payload in hole is that the blast hole powder charge 0.7kg of 3m depths is advisable.Dynamite quantity per hole f, blast hole depth h, parameter v.

f=hv f=kg v=0.2333

The powder stick superposition loaded length of no slungshot explosion, no more than 1/3rd of blast hole depth.

3rd, the core technology without slungshot explosion

In the case of quick-fried area periphery Nearby Structure or other facilities, while needs using no slungshot Blasting Control slungshot, Also controlled blasting earthquake sheet is wanted.So preferably using shallow blasting mode without slungshot explosion, because deep hole blasting consumption medicine is more, power is broken out Greatly, earthquake sheet is strong.Most importantly deep hole blasting damage envelope is big, and when building is apart from quick-fried 3~5m of area, deep hole blasting can Directly destroy the basis of building or other facilities.No slungshot explosion is the expansion thrust fractured rock with quick-fried raw high pressure gas Principle.Change active force traffic direction, make quick-fried raw high pressure gas dive bottom acting, rock mass is made to be ruptured since bottom and is influenced Free Ground Ruptures.When rock mass is when bottom generates tangential fracture and radial fragmentation, high pressure gas is disperseed in crack, greatly The big energy for reducing high pressure gas, reduces throwing dynamics of the high pressure gas to fragmentation rock.Fragmentation rock in Shi Bao areas is whole Dish out free 300~600mm of ground, falls within original place.

No slungshot explosion is to utilize the traffic direction for changing point initiation change high pressure gas energy.Detonating capsule is installed On the top of filling explosive, when explosive starts burning, the sandy soil filling of explosive upper end just plays the closing of explosive initial combustion Effect.Explosive initial combustion section is formed higher air pressure, and the gas for blocking hypomere explosive inflammation is up rushed and attacked, under making The gas of section explosive inflammation is attacked again toward lower section punching, so the section of explosive initial combustion is just into seal itself area, so explosive It burns more down, the gas that burning generates just increasingly is squeezed, and gas pressure is bigger.So explosive is from initial combustion To this process of completely burned, several different sections are formed（As shown in Figure 1）；Make detonation gas energy peak focus on it is quick-fried Bottom hole portion.Make high pressure gas energy dive bottom acting, the operation thrust of high pressure gas is controlled, which to rush at blast hole mouth, makes blast hole be broken into stone Block flies out to form slungshot.The demolition effect of no slungshot explosion is：Hard stone almost without clast rate, is broken by blast hole line of centres It splits, minority educates body minimum resistance thread breakage, referred to as Nonlinear Fracture in rock.Large rock mass need to could be dug through fort machine solution is small Fortune.Secondary heavily fortified point stone and soft rock can at explosion interface explosion and during being cast fragmentation can directly dig fortune.Secondary heavily fortified point stone and soft rock Explosion can equally prevent the generation of slungshot using no slungshot blasting technique.

The present invention blasting method be：

（1）Detonating capsule is necessarily mounted at the top of blast hole mouth direction explosive superposition length, cannot be installed again after installing detonator Explosive.

（2）Stringent control explosive consumption, is applied quick-fried by weak standing scheme, and single hole explosive payload is no more than conventional blasting method Half.The blast hole of diameter 40mm is calculated by f=hv.

（3）Explosive installation 1/3rd of length no more than blast hole depth h of superposition.

（4）For the blast hole depth of diameter 40mm in principle by 3m, most shallow depth cannot<2m,<The blast hole of 2m, which is discarded, to be applied It is quick-fried.

（5）It is carved with length beautiful mark post before installation explosive with band blast hole is bottomed out, if it is stranded to fall into stone, The punching of steel skewer must be used logical if any stranded, basically reach original drilling depth.

（6）The filling depth of explosive will be verified by often filling a roll of explosive, and whether filling depth is consistent with powder stick length, prevents Explosive is stranded in blast hole when installing explosive.

（7）Fire point is clogged tightly to the space of blast hole mouth chopping fine sandy soil, and initial envelope is played when explosive starts burning The effect of closing.

（8）It is connected using electric cap series network, each quick-fried position is made to detonate to form resultant force simultaneously, ensure demolition effect.

（9）Boulder explosion to remove one flank side surface of boulder enclose soil and it is broken it is small enclose stone, to reduce the resistance of boulder, make orphan Stone smoothly takes the lead in cracking from bottom discharges high pressure gas energy in time.Prevent high pressure gas from being gone out to blast hole mouth and breaking through blast hole Mouthful rock mass and form slungshot.

Embodiment：

Engineering name：Horizon base earth and rock works are sold in XX roads east side.

Owner's unit：Urban construction investment company of XX cities.

Unit in charge of construction：Town building engineering company of XX cities

Actually accomplish rock blasting quantities：53 ten thousand steres.

Geological condition：There is one layer of table soil on mountain surface layer, main cubic meter of stone area, or have limestone heavily fortified point stone, gangue time hard stone and Sandstone softening hard masses stone.

Blast working environment：It is XX high residential buildings area in the east, mountain top and high-rise roof are substantially equal, balcony and nearest quick-fried area 5 meters of horizontal distance.It is private residence area on hillside in the south, has civil structure dilapidated house one and post and panel structure at closest quick-fried 8 meters of area Several, house at closest quick-fried 6 meters of the area in west, has two arranged side by side of native this structure dilapidated house being used as pig raising, is to migrate at 100 meters Interim shanty town is the primary school for possessing student more than 1,000 at 130 meters.North is apart from quick-fried 10 meters of Chu Youyizuo gas stations of area, distance Quick-fried 40 meter Shi XX streets of area, XX cities lead to the main thoroughfare in XX townshiies and XX cities direction, and the stream of people is continuous, wagon flow is as noted.Such complicated Blast working environment in, unit in charge of construction carries out explosion using the technology of this programme, completes more than 500,000 cubic metres of rock blasting. Not using blasting flyrock protection network and other coverings, no envelope Guo Yici roads, no one's slungshot injury do not damage periphery house yet One block of glass or a piece of watt.

It summarizes

Rock blasting is carried out using no slungshot blasting technique, it can be by safety distance for blasting 300m（From shotfiring safety regulation）Shorten To 5m.So the blasting technique of this programme can replace the swelling agent catalase of somewhat expensive completely.Significantly reduce Explosion production cost, and significantly improve construction speed.Since no slungshot blasting technique is by quick-fried raw high pressure gas Energy peak focuses on blast hole bottom, enable quick-fried raw high pressure gas dive bottom acting.The blasting technique of this programme is applied to often It advises in explosion, can prevent to close the generation of quick-fried phenomenon, while control slungshot, that is, improve blasting efficiency and in turn ensure safety.

Claims

1. a kind of rock-blasting method, it is characterised in that：It includes following steps：

1）, detection compressive strength of rock parameter,

8）, warning, rise big gun.