CN113819820B - Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method - Google Patents
Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113819820B CN113819820B CN202111005010.0A CN202111005010A CN113819820B CN 113819820 B CN113819820 B CN 113819820B CN 202111005010 A CN202111005010 A CN 202111005010A CN 113819820 B CN113819820 B CN 113819820B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention provides a non-coupling charging structure, a non-coupling charging method, application and a blasting method, wherein the non-coupling charging method comprises a charging preparation stage: preparing an explosive cartridge and a placement device; the uncoupled charging stage: the spacing position and length in the charging structure are limited through the spacing rod parameter and the spacing scale parameter; wherein, for the interval rod parameter: when the step blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the resistance line and/or the hole depth and the interval center position; when the tunnel blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the hole depth and the interval center position; for the granularity parameter: for defining the interval rate and/or the interval length. The invention provides the interval rod parameter and the interval scale parameter, accurately describes the interval position and the length of the strip mine bench blasting interval charging structure, and guides blasting design and construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock blasting, in particular to an uncoupled charging structure, a method, application and a blasting method.
Background
The Melnikov and Marchenkov of Sunji in the nineteenth century and the fortieth years firstly put forward a novel special blasting technology, namely an air space charge blasting technology, which controls the excessive crushing of rock masses in the near area of blast holes by adopting an air space charge mode in the blast holes so as to improve the utilization rate of explosive energy. A large number of researches and engineering practices show that: the air space charging technology can be used for obtaining more uniform blasting lump stones, the amount of consumed explosive in unit volume can be reduced, according to practical application and measurement, compared with a conventional charging mode, the excavation cost can be saved by 10% -30%, and meanwhile, the blasting slag loading and transporting cost can be saved by 10% -30%.
Indoor and outdoor experiments and a large number of engineering practices of Melniokov et al show that: when the air layer is 11-35% of the blast hole volume, the blasting effect similar to that of coupled charging can be obtained; at the same time they concluded that the blasting effect is better when the air layer is centered than when the air layer is placed at the bottom or top of the hole.
After 1950, China began to adopt air spaced charging for mining. The Weak detonator was successfully developed by Xinjiang cocoa Tohai Ministry in 4 months in 1956, and has a breakthrough in the technology of segmented spaced charging. Meanwhile, the segmental and spaced loading structure is applied to deep hole blasting and tunneling raise of underground mines, underground stopes and the like. Zhang Jingyao uses deep hole bottom air cushion charging structure to explode the test and obtain the blasting lump degree even in the open pit coal mine rock step of the West of the Ministry of the Hedgelet and does not leave the root bottom for the first time, and the blasting is regular, and economic benefits is obvious effect. The Liupeng journey uses the air space charging technology in the large-aperture deep hole mining of the copper mine, and experiments show that the air space length has an optimal range. Zhangguojian applies a bottom spaced loading blasting technology to improve the lump ore rate of limestone ore, ammonium nitrate fuel oil and a Frankia wax explosive are adopted for blasting, a non-electric plastic detonating tube detonating system is applied to realize the micro-differential blasting, the rows of blast holes are l-3, and the air spacing rate is 20% -25%. Wumin and the like perform application research on an air spaced charging structure in bench blasting of open-pit mining, explore the charging proportion of an air layer suitable for a coal seam through blasting tests of dozens of holes, improve the blasting effect, reduce the unit consumption of explosive and obtain remarkable economic benefit. Sa-niu-xiang and Linyuyin research the interval shaped charge blasting technology and its application in coal mining. The Wangite and the like also adopt an air space charging structure in open-pit mines, so that ores with more homogeneous lumpiness are obtained, the mechanical loading and unloading transportation at one time is facilitated, and obvious economic benefits are obtained.
The Leyanyi applies an air interval charging structure in the mining of the Tuchengzi mine, the layered charging amount of a middle blast hole is 25-35 kg, the air interval length is 1.2m, and the ore caving height is 10-15 m. The material-air spaced charging technology is used for both open excavation of Liuwei in a stream stock yard below the three gorges engineering and excavation of the bealock dam shoulder in Qingjiang water, so that good excavation effect and economic benefit are obtained. The application of fouilon in the south fen open-pit iron ore of the steel mining industry by using the inflatable air spacer in the deep hole blasting of the open-pit mine leads to the conclusion that: the spacing length is generally 11-35%, preferably 20-30% of the continuous columnar charge. And the Liu Zheng Dong carries out bottom and middle air spaced charging in the dry hole of the medium-length hole of the iron mine, and a better technical and economic effect is obtained. The air spaced charging technology is adopted for blasting the erionite at the copper mountain open pit. The air spaced charging structure is researched by the red soldiers and the like in engineering and laboratories, the bottom of the hole is charged by 60-70%, and the effect is better when the hole and hole composite differential blasting is carried out. The Li-compliant wave analyzes the influence of the top air space on the rock breaking block degree through theory and field tests, and the field tests show that the average block degree of the air space proportion is close to that of the air-free space when the air space proportion is 10 percent, and the maximum average block degree is generated when the air space proportion is 25 percent. The obtained reasonable air interval proportion is 10-15%. The study and application of the spaced charging technique by different scholars is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 study and application of spaced-charge technique by different scholars
Generally speaking, the current domestic and foreign understanding of this technology mostly remains in the qualitative description stage, generally outlining the air space locations as top, middle, and bottom spaces. The current qualitative description cannot accurately describe the interval position of the interval charging structure of the engineering blasting, and blasting design and construction are not conveniently guided; in order to achieve the purposes of blasting broken rock bodies with low energy consumption, high efficiency, safety and reliability and effectively control the pressure distribution of the hole wall generated by blasting, the position and the length of the spaced charging structure need to be accurately described, and various hazards generated by blasting need to be accurately controlled.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop an uncoupled charge configuration, method, application, and blasting method that addresses the deficiencies of the prior art to solve or mitigate one or more of the problems set forth above.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an uncoupled charging structure, a method, an application and a blasting method, wherein the spacing position and the length of the open pit bench blasting spaced charging structure are accurately described by providing a spacing rod parameter and a spacing scale parameter, and blasting design and construction are guided.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of uncoupled charging, comprising:
a charge preparation stage: preparing an explosive cartridge and a placement device;
the uncoupled charging stage: the spacing position and length in the charging structure are limited through the spacing rod parameter and the spacing scale parameter; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for interval rod parameters:
when the step blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the resistance line and/or the hole depth and the interval center position;
when the tunnel blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the hole depth and the interval center position;
for the granularity parameter:
for defining the spacing rate and/or the spacing length.
As with the above-described aspects and any possible implementation, there is further provided an implementation in which the spacer rod parameter is used to define the resistance line and/or the hole depth and the spacer center position as:
for step blasting spaced charges, the resisting line represents the spaced rod parameters as follows:
wherein, w1Is the maximum resistance line, w, of the charge section2For air space section central resistance line, w3Is the line of least resistance of the charge section, mujIs the interval rod parameter.
The above-mentioned aspects and any possible implementation further provide an implementation, where the calculation of the resistance line is as follows:
wherein h is1Is the depth of blast hole h2Spacing the center distance for airDistance of orifice, h3For plugging the hole depth, w1Is the line of maximum resistance of the charge section, w2For air space section central resistance line, w3Is the minimum resistance line of the charging section, a is the distance of the top resistance line, and alpha is the step slope angle.
The above-described aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where the defining of the interval rod parameter for the hole depth and the interval center position is specifically:
h1is the depth of blast hole h2Spacing the air by the distance h from the center to the orifice3The depth of the plugging hole is adopted.
The above aspect and any possible implementation further provide an implementation in which the pitch parameter for defining the hole depth and the pitch center position satisfies-1 < μj< 1, when tunnel blast space charge, when mujWhen the powder is equal to-0.5, the powder is loaded at intervals on the lower part, mujWhen 0, the powder is filled at intervalsjWhen the spacing rate is equal to 0.5, the upper portion can be charged with powder, and the spacing rate of any different positions can be directly usedjAnd (6) quantizing.
As for the above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, where the interval metric parameter is used to define the interval rate and/or the interval length specifically as:
where η represents the interval scale parameter, h1Depth of blast hole, h2Is the air gap center-to-orifice distance and b is the gap length.
The above aspects and any possible implementation manner further provide an application of the uncoupled charging method, which is implemented by the uncoupled charging method, and the application specifically includes: different interval positions are represented by different interval rod parameter values, different interval scale parameters represent different interval rates, and the interval positions and the lengths of the strip mine bench blasting interval charging structures are accurately described by the interval rod parameters and the interval scale parameters.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation that is a non-coupled charge structure configured by the non-coupled charge method, the non-coupled charge structure converting the spaced charge structure into a planar model by a space rod parameter and a space dimension parameter.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which the uncoupled charge structure specifically comprises: the blast hole comprises a blast hole, wherein a blocking section is arranged at the orifice of the blast hole, a non-coupling explosive charging section is arranged in the blast hole, the non-coupling explosive charging section is composed of explosive columns and air spacers, the explosive columns are arranged between the bottom of the blocking section and the coupling explosive charging section at intervals, the air spacers are arranged between the explosive columns and the wall of the blast hole at intervals, and the intervals between the explosive columns and the air spacers meet the parameters of a spacing rod and a spacing scale.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation, a method of blasting, by which the uncoupled charging method is used as a front-end content, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: according to the current blasting design standard, determining the conventional blasting parameters such as the blocking length, the line loading density and the like to obtain h1Depth of blast hole, h3Depth of plugging hole, w1Line of maximum resistance of charge section, w3The minimum resistance line of the charge section, the distance of the a slope top resistance line and the alpha step slope angle;
s2: determining proper space interval length b according to actual construction characteristics of respective blasting engineering, wherein in general, reasonable air layer proportion is related to rock mechanical properties;
s3: determining the load pressure of the hole wall of the interval section;
s4: based on an applicable rock strength criterion, judging the size of a rock medium fracture ring under the load pressure of the hole wall of the current interval section;
s5: according to the determined size of the fracture ring, namely the size w of the resisting line of the spacing section2Determining the position of the gap and obtaining the Rode parameter mu of the gapj。
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
the invention can accurately describe the spacing position and the length of the strip mine bench blasting spaced charging structure and guide blasting design and construction; the aim of blasting the broken rock mass with low energy consumption, high efficiency, safety and reliability is conveniently realized, the pressure distribution of the hole wall generated by blasting is effectively controlled, and various damages generated by blasting are accurately controlled.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of hole depth and line of resistance size in a method of uncoupled charging according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention provides a non-coupling charging method, which comprises the following steps:
a charge preparation stage: preparing an explosive cartridge and a setting device;
and (3) an uncoupled charging stage: limiting the spacing position and length in the charging structure through the spacing rod parameter and the spacing scale parameter; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
for interval rod parameters:
when the step blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the resisting line and/or the hole depth and the interval center position;
when the tunnel blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the hole depth and the interval center position;
for the granularity parameter:
for defining the spacing rate and/or the spacing length.
The spacing rod parameter is used for limiting the resistance line and/or the hole depth and the spacing center position, and specifically comprises the following steps:
for step blasting spaced charges, the resisting line represents the spaced rod parameters as follows:
wherein, w1Is the line of maximum resistance of the charge section, w2For air space section central resistance line, w3Is the line of least resistance of the charge section, mujIs the interval rod parameter.
The calculation of the resistance line is as follows:
wherein h is1Is the depth of blast hole h2Spacing the air by the distance h from the center to the orifice3For blockingDepth of hole, w1Is the maximum resistance line, w, of the charge section2For air space section center resisting line, w3Is the minimum resistance line of the charging section, a is the distance of the top resistance line, and alpha is the step slope angle.
The limitation of the spacing rod parameter on the hole depth and the spacing center position is specifically as follows:
h1depth of blast hole, h2Spacing the air by the distance h from the center to the orifice3The depth of the plugging hole is adopted.
The spacing rod parameter for defining the hole depth and the spacing center position satisfies-1 < muj< 1, when tunnel blast space charge, when mujWhen the powder is equal to-0.5, the powder is loaded at the lower part with a spacing powder of mujWhen equal to 0, the powder is filled at intervals, mujWhen the powder is equal to 0.5, the powder is loaded at the upper part at intervals, and the interval at any different positions can be directly used by mujAnd (6) quantizing.
The interval scale parameter is used for defining the interval rate and/or the interval length, and specifically comprises the following steps:
where η represents the interval scale parameter, h1Is the depth of blast hole h2The air gap center distance from the orifice and b the gap length.
The invention also provides an application of the uncoupled charging method, which is realized by the uncoupled charging method and specifically comprises the following steps: different interval positions are represented by different interval rod parameter values, different interval scale parameters represent different interval rates, and the interval positions and the lengths of the strip mine bench blasting interval charging structures are accurately described by the interval rod parameters and the interval scale parameters.
The invention also provides an uncoupled charging structure which is set by the uncoupled charging method and converts the spaced charging structure into a plane model through the spaced rod parameter and the spaced dimension parameter. The uncoupled charge structure specifically comprises: the blast hole comprises a blast hole, wherein a blocking section is arranged at the orifice of the blast hole, a non-coupling explosive charging section is arranged in the blast hole, the non-coupling explosive charging section is composed of explosive columns and air spacers, the explosive columns are arranged between the bottom of the blocking section and the coupling explosive charging section at intervals, the air spacers are arranged between the explosive columns and the wall of the blast hole at intervals, and the intervals between the explosive columns and the air spacers meet the parameters of a spacing rod and a spacing scale.
The invention also provides a blasting method which is used as a preposed working content through the uncoupled charging method and comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the current blasting design standard, determining the conventional blasting parameters such as the blocking length, the line loading density and the like to obtain h1Depth of blast hole, h3Depth of plugging hole, w1Line of maximum resistance of charge section, w3The minimum resistance line of the charge section, the distance of the a slope top resistance line and the alpha step slope angle;
s2: determining proper space interval length b according to actual construction characteristics of respective blasting engineering, wherein in general, reasonable air layer proportion is related to rock mechanical properties;
s3: determining the load pressure of the hole wall of the interval section;
s4: based on an applicable rock strength criterion, judging the size of a rock medium fracture ring under the load pressure of the hole wall of the current interval section;
s5: according to the determined size of the crack ring, namely the size w of the resisting line of the spacing section2Determining the position of the gap and obtaining the Rode parameter mu of the gapj。
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an interval rod parameter and an interval scale parameter, accurately describes the interval position and the length of the strip mine bench blasting interval charging structure, and guides blasting design and construction; the aim of blasting and breaking rock mass with low energy consumption, high efficiency, safety and reliability is convenient to realize, the pressure distribution of the hole wall generated by blasting is effectively controlled, and various hazards generated by blasting are accurately controlled.
The large air interval charging structure and the large dense coefficient are used for hole distribution, so that the step explosion energy is not enough, and a large block is easy to generate. In the blasting process, the resistance line at the bottom of the step is too large, and the rock is not easy to break, so that the root of the high-step blasting is easier to generate than the common step blasting. By improving the ba run ore drilling machine, the drilling depth can reach 26m to 27m, and the requirement of 24m high step drilling is met. At present, domestic large air interval charge structures and large density coefficient hole distribution modes are not made in non-coal mines. High-step blasting tests have been carried out in the early stage of the Barun mine, and some effects are achieved, but the method is difficult to popularize and use in mines.
Through improvement, vertical drilling is selected for the 24-meter high step blasting design of a field test blasting area, a drilling machine type YZ-55B roller drilling machine is adopted, the diameter of a drill bit is 310mm, and a slope angle is 65 degrees. The blast hole has a depth of 26m, including 2m, 7m air blocking, and 12 m for charging. The air space is arranged at mu in consideration of construction problems and bearing capacity of the air spacer, and overcoming the chassis resistance linej0.26 and b is 0.37. The large density factor is adopted, the hole spacing is 15 meters, and the row spacing is 5.5 meters. And (3) detonating hole by hole, wherein the differential interval time is 25 ms.
According to the existing shoveling and loading equipment in a mining area, the statistical analysis is carried out on the rock blocks after explosion, the test explosion area block rate is only 0.01%, and the shoveling and transporting requirements are met. The vibration of the field test blast zone was measured using a TC-4850 blast vibrometer and compared to the conventional bench blast vibration (table 1). It can be found by analysis that although the single hole loading of the high step blasting is larger than that of the conventional blasting, due to mujThe air gap of 0.26 and 0.37 weakens the peak pressure, so no increase in burst vibration occurs.
TABLE 2 statistical table of blasting vibration velocity
The uncoupled charging structure, the uncoupled charging method, the uncoupled charging application and the blasting method provided by the embodiment of the application are described in detail above. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
As some terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. The present specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. "substantially" means within an acceptable error range, that a person skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range to substantially achieve the technical effect. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the application. The scope of the present application is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by the following claims.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but rather is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the application as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is to be protected by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (3)
1. A method of uncoupled charging, comprising:
a charge preparation stage: preparing an explosive cartridge and a setting device;
and (3) an uncoupled charging stage: the spacing position and length in the charging structure are limited through the spacing rod parameter and the spacing scale parameter; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
for interval rod parameters:
when the step blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the resistance line and/or the hole depth and the interval center position;
the interval rod parameter is represented by the resistance line as:
wherein, w1Is the line of maximum resistance of the charge section, w2For air space section central resistance line, w3Is the line of least resistance of the charge section, mujIs interval rod parameter;
the calculation of the resistance line is as follows:
wherein h is1Is the depth of blast hole h2Spacing the air by the distance h from the center to the orifice3For plugging the hole depth, w1Is the maximum resistance line, w, of the charge section2For air space section central resistance line, w3The minimum resistance line of the charging section, a is the distance of the resistance line of the slope top, and alpha is the step slope angle;
when the tunnel blasting interval charging is carried out, the interval rod parameter is used for limiting the hole depth and the interval center position, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the interval rod parameter satisfies-1 < muj< 1, when spaced-charged, when mujWhen the powder is equal to-0.5, the powder is loaded at the lower part with a spacing powder of mujWhen 0, the powder is filled at intervalsjWhen the powder is equal to 0.5, the powder is loaded at the upper part at intervals, and the interval at any different positions can be directly used by mujQuantizing;
for the granularity parameter:
the method is used for limiting the interval rate and/or the interval length, and specifically comprises the following steps:
where η represents the interval scale parameter and b is the interval length.
2. The application of the uncoupled charging method is characterized in that the application is as follows: by different spacing of the Rode parameter mujThe values represent different spacing positions, different spacing scale parameters eta represent different spacing rates, and the spacing positions and the lengths of the strip mine bench blasting spaced charging structures are accurately described according to the spacing rod parameters and the spacing scale parameters.
3. An uncoupled charge configuration arranged by the uncoupled charge method of claim 1 wherein the uncoupled charge configuration converts the spaced charge configuration to a planar model by the pitch rod parameter and the pitch dimension parameter.
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| CN110823035A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 葛洲坝易普力湖南二化民爆有限公司 | Step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and charging method |
| CN112097578A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 葛洲坝易普力湖南二化民爆有限公司 | Method for controlling root bottom of open-pit limestone mine after blasting |
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- 2021-08-30 CN CN202111005010.0A patent/CN113819820B/en active Active
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| CN105135962A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for improving deep-hole step blasting quality of extremely hard rock |
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| KR20190085836A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-07-19 | 권문종 | Blasting Method using Liner applied to Primer, Booster |
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