CN110823035A - Step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and charging method - Google Patents
Step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and charging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110823035A CN110823035A CN201911194438.7A CN201911194438A CN110823035A CN 110823035 A CN110823035 A CN 110823035A CN 201911194438 A CN201911194438 A CN 201911194438A CN 110823035 A CN110823035 A CN 110823035A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and a charging method, wherein the charging structure comprises a blast hole, a blocking section is arranged at the orifice of the blast hole, a coupled charging section is arranged at the bottom of the blast hole, and an uncoupled charging section is arranged at the upper part of the blast hole. Through adopting the mode of upper portion not coupling powder charge, lower part coupling powder charge to carry out powder charge structural design, also can guarantee blasting power, rock crushing effect on the basis that need not consider interval length, compare bottom of a hole interval method among the prior art, segmentation powder charge method, the suitability is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emulsion explosive production, in particular to a step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and a charging method.
Background
Step deep hole blasting is one of the methods adopted in most rock excavation in the world, and the general parameters of the step deep hole blasting are as follows: the height is 15m, the aperture is 140mm, the pore network parameter is 7 x 4.5m, three rows of pores (plum blossom-shaped pores are distributed), the ultra-depth is 2-2.5m, the charging structure is continuous coupling charging, the single-pore charging amount is 230kg, and the blasting unit consumption is 0.465-0.486kg/m for carrying out the cultivation.
The factors influencing the blasting effect of drilling and charging are many, and the charging structure of the blast hole is a main factor influencing the effect obviously. Through changing loaded constitution, control explosive explosion instantaneous detonation pressure, different loaded constitution can form the very big blast effect of difference such as joint-cutting, breakage, throwing. In order to improve the effective utilization rate of explosive energy, ore rocks with less explosives are fully crushed, three spaced charging methods of blast hole bottom spacing, segmented charging and radial decoupling are successively proposed at home and abroad, and the three charging methods are tested and applied in production practice, so that positive results are obtained.
However, the hole bottom spacing method generally uses water or air as a spacing material, when other conditions such as spacing parameters and the like are met, a crushing area will not be generated in the range of the spacing section, and the range of the section crushing area made by the explosive column will also be reduced along with the increase of the spacing length, namely, the hole bottom spacing method has the advantages that although the explosive loading of the blast hole is reduced, the length of the spacing section and the explosive power are ensured to be appropriate, so that the pressure and the acting time acting on the hole wall of the spacing section are enough, and a good blasting effect can be obtained. Therefore, when the explosive is popularized and applied, the influences of factors such as the explosibility of ore rocks, the pore network parameters, the ultra-deep blast holes and the like under different conditions on site must be specifically considered, and the blast holes in an explosion area are determined to be suitable for use according to the explosiveness of the explosive, so that the applicability is not wide;
the sectional charging method is to charge the upper and lower two explosive columns in the blast hole, and water, air or rock powder is used as spacing material between the explosive columns, and the filling length of the hole opening is correspondingly reduced. When water or air is used as the spacing material, the blasting effect of the spacing section is basically the same as that of the hole bottom spacing method, and when rock powder is used, the rock powder has no fluid characteristic, so that the gas pressure generated by explosive column detonation cannot be transmitted to the hole wall of the spacing section almost without loss, and therefore, the spacing length of the rock powder needs to be adaptively reduced to ensure the crushing effect of ore rocks.
The radial uncoupled charge refers to a method that the diameter of a charge column is smaller than that of a blast hole, water or air is used as a coupling medium between the charge column and the wall of the blast hole, and as water is incompressible fluid, the energy density of the water is reduced along with the increase of the propagation distance, and the effect is more obvious when the uncoupled coefficient (namely the ratio of the diameter of the blast hole to the diameter of the charge column) is larger. And the construction process is complex, and the cost of auxiliary materials is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure and a charging method, so as to further improve the blasting effect on the basis of reducing the cost as much as possible.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure comprises a blast hole, wherein a blocking section is arranged at the orifice of the blast hole, and the stepped deep hole blasting uncoupled charging structure is characterized in that the coupled charging section is arranged at the bottom of the blast hole, and the uncoupled charging section is arranged at the upper part of the blast hole.
Further, the uncoupled charging section is composed of a woven bag, a first explosive column and an air spacer, wherein the woven bag is arranged between the bottom of the blocking section and the coupled charging section at intervals, and the air spacer is arranged between the first explosive column and the wall of the blast hole at intervals.
Furthermore, the diameter of the aperture of the woven bag is required to be 120mm +/-0.2 mm, the tensile strength is more than 130kg, and the woven bag does not deform or crack at the high temperature of 80 ℃.
Further, the air spacer is required to meet the requirements: the static load strength of the air spacer after being inflated is larger than 0.3MPA, the tensile resistance is larger than 50N, and the use reliability in the environment of minus 20-80 degrees is larger than 95 percent.
Furthermore, the length of the plugging section is 3-4.5m, the bottom coupling loading is 100-130kg, and the upper non-coupling loading is 80-100 kg.
The invention provides another technical scheme which is a step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the field mixed emulsion explosive at the bottom of the blast hole to form a coupled explosive loading section, embedding the initiating explosive into the emulsion explosive, and leading out the detonating tube;
(2) after bottom coupled charging is finished, measuring the residual hole depth and subtracting the designed blocking length, calculating the length of the upper uncoupled charging, wherein the length of the air spacer is equal to the length of the upper uncoupled charging, the air spacer with the diameter smaller than the diameter of the blast hole is arranged at the top of the bottom coupled charging section, the blast hole on one side of the air spacer is in close contact with the blast hole, and the detonating tube is led out from the first explosive column;
(3) and (3) adopting 1 count of finished explosive or small-diameter rock block to lower the woven bag to the surface of the bottom coupling explosive, contacting the top surface of the bottom coupling explosive loading section, then loading the upper part of the woven bag to the blocking section, and loading the emulsion explosive in a field mixing mode to form a first explosive column.
(4) And (4) blocking the blast hole by using the filler to form a blocking section, and leading the detonating tube out of the blast hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the explosive charging structure is designed in a mode that the upper part is not subjected to coupled explosive charging and the lower part is subjected to coupled explosive charging, the blasting power and the rock crushing effect can be ensured on the basis of not considering the interval length, and the method has wider applicability compared with a hole bottom interval method and a segmented explosive charging method in the prior art;
2. the invention adopts the woven bag with the specified performance to combine with the air spacer for non-coupling charging, replaces the conventional auxiliary material (a water bag, the cost per meter is 5.0 yuan/m), and has lower cost;
3. by adopting the charging structure, the unit consumption is reduced (the unit consumption is 0.4-0.43 kg/m) and the block rate is relatively low (1-2%).
The construction process is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a continuous charge structure in the prior art
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the charge structure of comparative example one of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the charge structure according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the charge structure of comparative example two of the present invention
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the charge structure of comparative example three of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example one
The step deep hole blasting uncoupled charge structure of this embodiment, including big gun hole 1, there is blocking section 2 in the drill way of big gun hole 1, is equipped with upper portion uncoupled charge section 4, bottom coupled charge section 5 in big gun hole 1 from last to down in proper order along the degree of depth of big gun hole 1, and wherein upper portion uncoupled charge section 4 is radial uncoupled charge section, comprises braided bag 3, first powder column 6, the air spacer 7 of interval between first powder column 6 and big gun hole 1 pore wall at the interval between 2 bottoms of blocking section and coupled charge section 5 promptly. Wherein the diameter of the woven bag 3 is required to be 120mm +/-0.2 mm, the tensile strength is more than 130kg, and the woven bag does not deform or crack at the high temperature of 80 ℃; the air spacers 7 need to meet the requirements: the static load strength of the air spacer after being inflated is larger than 0.3MPA, the tensile resistance is larger than 50N, and the use reliability in the environment of minus 20-80 degrees is larger than 95 percent.
The length of the plugging section 2 in this embodiment is 3-4.5m, the bottom coupling loading is 100-130kg, and the upper non-coupling loading is 80-100 kg.
The charging method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the field mixed emulsion explosive at the bottom of the blast hole 1 to form a bottom coupled explosive loading section 5, embedding the initiating explosive into the emulsion explosive, and leading out the detonating tube;
(2) after bottom coupling charging is finished, measuring the depth of the residual holes 1 to reduce the length of the designed blocking section 2, calculating the length of the upper non-coupling charging section 4, wherein the length of the air spacer 7 is equal to the length of the upper non-coupling charging section 4, and after the air spacer 7 with the diameter smaller than that of the blast hole 1 is arranged at the top of the bottom coupling charging section 5, the blast hole 1 on one side of the air spacer 7 is in close contact with the blast hole;
(3) 1 piece of finished explosive or small-diameter rock block is adopted to lower the woven bag 3 to the bottom coupling explosive surface, the upper part of the woven bag is loaded with the on-site mixed emulsion explosive to the blocking section 3 after the woven bag contacts the top of the bottom coupling explosive surface, and a first explosive column 6 is formed;
(5) and (3) blocking the blast hole by using the filler to form a blocking section 2, and leading the detonating tube out of the blast hole.
The charge configuration of example one of the present application (as shown in fig. 3) was compared with three comparative charge configurations, and the specific test results are shown in table one. Wherein three group contrast charge structures are as follows specifically:
comparative example one: the air spacer is adopted to carry out axial non-coupling charging (as shown in figure 2), and the length and performance requirements of the woven bag are the same as those of the first embodiment;
comparative example two: radial non-coupling charging is carried out by adopting a small-hole woven bag (as shown in figure 4), and the length and the performance requirements of the woven bag are the same as those of the first embodiment;
comparative example three: the air spacer was used for radial uncoupled gapped charges (as shown in figure 5) and the woven bag length and performance requirements were the same as in the first example.
Table one:
| location of a body part | Hole depth (m) | Number of holes | Mesh parameters | Average dose (kg) in the well | Unit consumption (kg/m3) | Length of the stake (m) | Percentage of big blocks (%) | Powder charging structure |
| Dawang pond 115 | 17 | 23 | 8*4.0 | 200 | 0.43 | 4 | 1.8 | Comparative example 1 |
| Dawang pond 130 | 17 | 25 | 8*4.0 | 205 | 0.42 | 4 | 1.3 | This embodiment one by one |
| Dawang pond 115 | 17 | 18 | 8*4.0 | 200 | 0.42 | 4.1 | 1.5 | Comparative example No. two |
| Ganshan | 17 | 23 | 8.5*4.0 | 220 | 0.46 | 4 | 1.5 | Comparative example 1 |
| Qianliefeng 100 | 17 | 25 | 8.5*4.0 | 220 | 0.43 | 3.8 | 1.5 | This embodiment A |
| Qianliefeng 100 | 17 | 24 | 8.5*4.0 | 220 | 0.45 | 4 | 1.5 | Comparative example No. two |
| Huperzia serrata 115 | 17 | 23 | 8.5*4.0 | 210 | 0.41 | 4 | 1.8 | Comparative example No. three |
As can be seen from the first table, the comprehensive evaluation on the unit consumption and the bulk rate in the first embodiment is relatively high, and the third comparative example shows that the unit consumption (kg/m) is obviously reduced, but the bulk rate is high.
Therefore, the mode of carrying out upper non-coupling charging and lower coupling charging by adopting the small-hole woven bag and air interval combination is adopted, the blasting parameters are supposed to adopt relatively low unit consumption under 8m 4m or 8.5m 4m, and relatively good blasting effect is achieved.
Claims (6)
1. The non-coupling explosive loading structure for the step deep hole blasting comprises a blast hole, wherein a blocking section is arranged at the orifice of the blast hole, and the non-coupling explosive loading structure is characterized in that the bottom of the blast hole is a coupling explosive loading section, and the upper part of the blast hole is a non-coupling explosive loading section.
2. The uncoupled charge structure for stepped deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein the uncoupled charge section comprises a woven bag spaced between the bottom of the blocking section and the coupled charge section, a first charge column, and an air spacer spaced between the first charge column and the wall of the blast hole.
3. The uncoupled charging structure for step deep hole blasting according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the woven bag is required to be 120mm ± 0.2mm, the tensile strength is greater than 130kg, and the woven bag does not deform or crack at a high temperature of 80 ℃.
4. The uncoupled charge structure for step deep hole blasting according to claim 2, wherein the air spacer is required to meet the following requirements: the static load strength of the air spacer after being inflated is larger than 0.3MPA, the tensile resistance is larger than 50N, and the use reliability in the environment of minus 20-80 degrees is larger than 95 percent.
5. The uncoupled charge structure for step deep hole blasting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the blocking section is 3-4.5m, the bottom coupled charge is 100-130kg, and the upper uncoupled charge is 80-100 kg.
6. A step deep hole blasting uncoupled charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) filling the field mixed emulsion explosive at the bottom of the blast hole to form a coupled explosive loading section, embedding the initiating explosive into the emulsion explosive, and leading out the detonating tube;
(2) after bottom coupled charging is finished, measuring the residual hole depth and subtracting the designed blocking length, calculating the length of the upper uncoupled charging, wherein the length of the air spacer is equal to the length of the upper uncoupled charging, the air spacer with the diameter smaller than the diameter of the blast hole is arranged at the top of the bottom coupled charging section, the blast hole on one side of the air spacer is in close contact with the blast hole, and the detonating tube is led out from the first explosive column;
(3) 1 piece of finished explosive or small-diameter rock block is adopted to lower the woven bag to the surface of the bottom coupling explosive, the upper part of the woven bag is loaded with the field mixed emulsion explosive to the blocking section after the woven bag is contacted with the top surface of the bottom coupling explosive loading section, and a first explosive column is formed;
(4) and (4) blocking the blast hole by using the filler to form a blocking section, and leading the detonating tube out of the blast hole.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112097578A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 葛洲坝易普力湖南二化民爆有限公司 | Method for controlling root bottom of open-pit limestone mine after blasting |
| CN113819820A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-21 | 北京科技大学 | Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method |
| CN114877768A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 四川省洪雅青衣江元明粉有限公司 | Blasting charging process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112097578A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-18 | 葛洲坝易普力湖南二化民爆有限公司 | Method for controlling root bottom of open-pit limestone mine after blasting |
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| CN113819820B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-07-15 | 北京科技大学 | Non-coupling charging structure, method, application and blasting method |
| CN114877768A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 四川省洪雅青衣江元明粉有限公司 | Blasting charging process |
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