CN105123585A - 一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法，包括以下步骤：(1)用运输保活剂进行麻醉(2)捆扎(3)装载(4)运输。本发明大闸蟹的保活运输方法，运输成活率高，运输时间延长，经济效益高，使用的运输保活剂对人体健康无影响，具有较好的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖与运输技术领域，具体涉及一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法。
背景技术
大闸蟹，中文学名中华绒螯蟹，为中国久负盛名的美食。其螯足用于取食和抗敌，掌部内外缘密生绒毛，绒螯蟹因此而得名。杂食性动物，鱼、虾、螺、蚌、蠕虫、蚯蚓、昆虫及其幼虫等均可作为大闸蟹的动物性饵料。
中华绒螯蟹的自然分布区主要在亚洲北部、朝鲜西部和中国。中国北自辽宁鸭绿江口，南至福建九龙江、西迄湖北宜昌的三峡口均有分布。早在1000多年前就已对中华绒螯蟹的生活习性，特别是生殖洄游规律有一定的了解。随蟹苗的人工培育和放流增殖，此蟹已遍布全国，但品质以长江下游阳澄湖的大闸蟹和河北的胜芳蟹最为著名。20世纪初，中华绒螯蟹随海船移植至德国，然后沿莱茵河传布，今已遍及许多欧洲国家的水域。
中华绒螯蟹肉味鲜美，营养丰富。此蟹只可食活蟹，因死蟹体内的蛋白质分解后，会产生蟹毒碱。中华绒螯蟹味美且营养丰富，历来被视为上品。每100克蟹食用部分含蛋白质14％，脂肪5.9％，碳水化合物7％。此外，还含有维生素(1)核黄素、烟酸，其发热量超过一般鱼类的营养水平。
大闸蟹在端上餐桌之前要经过长途运输，在大闸蟹运输过程中，为了保证大闸蟹的质量以及经济价值，就要避免活体大闸蟹的死亡和减少由于不良环境引起的蟹体衰弱所带来的损失。目前，有水保活运输技术是常用的活体运输技术之一。在有水保活运输过程中，影响活体生理状况变化的关键因素有1)氧气：缺氧会造成其窒息死亡。2)温度：蟹有自己的适温范围，超出适温范围就容易死亡。3)二氧化碳：二氧化碳对蟹造成窒息死亡。4)氨氮：氨氮积累到一定浓度，蟹会中毒致死。5)生物体的体质：生物体的体质关系到成活率。6)细菌的繁殖：病菌大量迅速繁殖易使水产品死亡。
为了延长水产品在活体运输时的存活时间，多采用低温、麻醉等手段降低水产品的新陈代谢，来减少水产品的耗氧量以及排泄物，保证水质，同时也能极大限度地减少水产品体内营养物质的消耗，从而提高水产品存活率。如MS-222，为常用的水产麻醉剂，为世界各国广泛应用的最安全、最可靠的麻醉药物，但它在脾脏、肝脏等器官有蓄积，采用该麻醉剂的水产品，需在清水中饲养21天后才能出售。
传统中药种类众多，对人体的毒副作用小，从中药里寻找天然的水产品保活剂，成为了该领域中一个重要的研究方向。因此，发明一种运输成活率提高，运输时间延长，经济效益提高的运输方法是人们所期待和追求的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法，以达到提高运输成活率，延长可运输时间，提高经济效益的目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术解决方案是：
一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法，所述运输方法包括以下步骤：
(1)麻醉，用运输保活剂进行麻醉；
(2)捆扎；
(3)装载；
(4)运输。
优选地，
一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法，所述运输方法包括以下步骤：
(1)麻醉：在大闸蟹暂养池中加入运输保活剂；优选地，每升水中加入30～50mg的运输保活剂，对大闸蟹进行麻醉，麻醉时间为6～10min；
(2)捆扎：用棉绳或香草一圈一圈把腿和钳子绕起来，将大闸蟹捆好；
(3)装载：在5℃～10℃时装运，温差不超过2℃；
(4)运输：在运输途中，每隔1小时用干净水对大闸蟹进行喷洒，始终保持大闸蟹湿润。
优选地，
所述运输保活剂由下述重量份组分组成：丁子香酚20％-40％，薄荷脑20％-40％，细辛油20％-40％，余量为乙醇。
所述运输保活剂由下述重量份组分组成：丁子香酚25％-35％，薄荷脑25％-35％，细辛油25％-35％，乙醇5％-15％。
更优选地，
所述运输保活剂由下述重量份组分组成：丁子香酚30％，薄荷脑30％，细辛油30％，乙醇10％。
具体的，在本发明中：
薄荷脑，CAS号：1490-04-6；
丁子香酚，CAS号：97-53-0；
细辛油，可以制备或购买得到，制备方法可以为用干燥细辛经乙醚提取的挥发油，本发明中所使用的细辛油购买自深圳市鼎诚植物香料有限公司。
本发明大闸蟹的保活运输方法，运输成活率高，运输时间延长，经济效益高，使用的运输保活剂对人体健康无影响，具有较好的安全性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，以下所述，仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做其他形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
大闸蟹的保活运输方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻醉：在大闸蟹暂养池中加入运输保活剂，每升水中加入40mg的运输保活剂，将大闸蟹放入暂养池，进行麻醉，麻醉时间为8min；
(2)捆扎：用棉绳一圈一圈把腿和钳子绕起来，将大闸蟹捆好；
(3)装载：在6℃时装运；
(4)运输途中管理：在运输途中，每隔1小时用干净水对大闸蟹进行喷洒，始终保持大闸蟹湿润。
所述运输保活剂由下述重量份组分组成：丁子香酚30％，薄荷脑30％，细辛油30％，乙醇10％。
实施例2
按实施例1的运输方法进行运输，将运输保活剂替换为丁子香酚45％，薄荷脑45％，乙醇10％。
实施例3
按实施例1的运输方法进行运输，将运输保活剂替换为丁子香酚45％，细辛油45％，乙醇10％。
实施例4
按实施例1的运输方法进行运输，将运输保活剂替换为薄荷脑45％，细辛油45％，乙醇10％。
测试例1
实验组采用实施例1-4的运输方法进行运输，对照组不进行麻醉处理，每组选择500只健康状态相同的大闸蟹进行测试，运输72小时。
大闸蟹存活率如表1所示：
表1：大闸蟹存活率比较
| 存活率(％) | |
| 实施例1 | 98.0 |
| 实施例2 | 88.4 |
| 实施例3 | 87.6 |
| 实施例4 | 89.2 |
| 对照组 | 50.2 |
由表1可以看出，本发明实施例1-4的运输方法大闸蟹存活率明显高于未进行麻醉处理的对照组，尤其是实施例1使用了丁子香酚，薄荷脑，细辛油混合而成的运输保活剂，比起实施例2-4省略其中任意一种，存活率更高。
Claims (3)
1.一种大闸蟹的保活运输方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)麻醉，用运输保活剂进行麻醉；
(2)捆扎；
(3)装载；
(4)运输。
2.如权利要求1所述的大闸蟹的保活运输方法，其特征在于，所述运输保活剂由下述重量份组分组成：丁子香酚20％-40％，薄荷脑20％-40％，细辛油20％-40％，余量为乙醇。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的大闸蟹的保活运输方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中，将运输保活剂加入水中，运输保活剂使用量为每升水中含30～50mg运输保活剂，麻醉时间为6～10min。
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| CN108029602A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-15 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | 一种防止刺参产生应激反应的方法 |
| CN108575839A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-28 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | 一种利用小麦-黑麦草复合芽床干法运输蟹苗的方法 |
| CN108935252A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-07 | 镇江市绿色农业科技有限公司 | 一种大闸蟹的麻醉运输方法 |
| CN110150212A (zh) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-08-23 | 天津农学院 | 一种减少三疣梭子蟹的打斗伤害的运输方法和装置 |
| CN112931334A (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | 一种三疣梭子蟹快速钝化及保活方法 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108029602A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-15 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | 一种防止刺参产生应激反应的方法 |
| CN108029602B (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-03-27 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | 一种防止刺参产生应激反应的方法 |
| CN108575839A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-28 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | 一种利用小麦-黑麦草复合芽床干法运输蟹苗的方法 |
| CN110150212A (zh) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-08-23 | 天津农学院 | 一种减少三疣梭子蟹的打斗伤害的运输方法和装置 |
| CN108935252A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-07 | 镇江市绿色农业科技有限公司 | 一种大闸蟹的麻醉运输方法 |
| CN112931334A (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | 一种三疣梭子蟹快速钝化及保活方法 |
| CN112931334B (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-02 | 浙江海洋大学 | 一种三疣梭子蟹快速钝化及保活方法 |
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