CN105102829A - 复合材料轻型连接器 - Google Patents

复合材料轻型连接器 Download PDF

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CN105102829A
CN105102829A CN201480019571.8A CN201480019571A CN105102829A CN 105102829 A CN105102829 A CN 105102829A CN 201480019571 A CN201480019571 A CN 201480019571A CN 105102829 A CN105102829 A CN 105102829A
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composite material
connector
circular arc
reinforced fiber
fiber
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CN105102829B (zh
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开米俊
石桥正康
广川哲朗
田那村武司
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Shikibo Ltd
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    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
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    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/347—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation combined with compressing after the winding of lay-ups having a non-circular cross-section, e.g. flat spiral windings
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
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Abstract

在本发明的复合材料轻型连接器中，多个强化纤维层(3)中的至少一个强化纤维层(3a)通过将多个强化纤维并线成带状而成，且具备具有沿着贯通孔(2)的周围的圆弧部(4a)的强化纤维束(4)，对强化纤维束(4)的圆弧部(4a)实施了加捻。

Description

复合材料轻型连接器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由复合材料形成的复合材料轻型连接器，所述复合材料通过使粘合料浸入层叠有多个强化纤维层的层叠体中并固化而成。
背景技术
连接器用于连结多个构件，例如用于飞机或机动车等输送设备、房屋或桥梁等建筑物等各种情况。例如，如图6所示，在使用连接器100连结构件A与构件B的情况下，向设置在连接器100的两端的一对贯通孔101以及构件A、B的贯通孔中分别插通螺栓110，将螺母111螺纹固定在该螺栓110的前端。在对该连接器100施加拉伸方向的应力时(参照图6(b)的箭头)，经由螺栓110，对连接器100的贯通孔101的端部侧区域102(用点表示的区域)施加有较大的应力。因此，提高连接器100的贯通孔101的周围，特别是端部侧区域102的强度非常重要。
然而，作为连接器的一种，已知由复合材料形成的复合材料轻型连接器，该复合材料通过层叠由沿规定方向并线的强化纤维(以下，简称为“纤维”)构成的多个强化纤维层，使树脂等粘合料浸入该层叠体中并固化而成。复合材料轻型连接器的每单位重量的强度(比强度)高，因此特别适合要求轻型化的飞机等输送设备用(特别是，高速移动或旋转的设备)的连接器。
例如，如图7所示，复合材料轻型连接器通过层叠纤维取向方向不同的强化纤维层103a～103d而形成。在使粘合料浸入这种层叠强化纤维层103a～103d而成的层叠体并固化从而形成复合材料后，利用钻孔机等对该复合材料实施穿孔加工，能够形成贯通孔101。然而，在该情况下，穿孔加工会将所有的强化纤维层103a～103d的强化纤维切断，因此会导致连接器100的贯通孔101的周围的强度，特别是端部侧区域102的拉伸强度降低。具体而言，在对上述那样的连接器施加拉伸方向的应力的情况下，使纤维沿施加应力的方向取向而成的强化纤维层103b(参照图7(b))应当传递该应力，但纤维被贯通孔101隔断，因此仅凭借该强化纤维层103b无法传递应力。因此，必须与其他的强化纤维层配合传递应力，存在由于拉伸应力导致强化纤维层彼此剥离而造成连接器的强度降低的可能性。
例如在专利文献1中，示出了沿着贯通孔的周围将纤维配置成圆弧状的连接器。该弯曲成圆弧状的纤维不会因贯通孔的形成而被切断。而且，具有该弯曲该圆弧状的纤维的强化纤维层，能够在不与其他的强化纤维层配合的情况下，单独地传递施加于连接器的拉伸应力，因此防止了因拉伸应力导致的强化纤维层彼此的剥离。由此，能够提高连接器的强度，特别是贯通孔的周围的强度。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特公平7-81225号公报
然而，像上述专利文献1那样，沿着贯通孔的周围将强化纤维配置成圆弧状的复合材料轻型连接器无法得到所需的性能，目前尚未实用化。认为其原因如下。
在形成强化纤维层的情况下，通常使用将多个强化纤维(纤丝)并线成带状的强化纤维束(丝束)。图8示出了沿着贯通孔210的周围配置带状的强化纤维束201而成的强化纤维层200。在该情况下，在各强化纤维束201中的、沿着贯通孔210的周围弯曲成圆弧状的圆弧部201a处，周向长度在纤维束201的内周和外周不同。特别是，若贯通孔210的直径较小，如图9所示，则各强化纤维束201的圆弧部201a的内周长L1与外周长L2之比(L2/L1)较大。因此，内周侧的强化纤维201b会起伏而向纤维层的层叠方向(图9的纸面正交方向)翘起。像这样起伏的强化纤维几乎无助于连接器的强度，因此导致连接器的强度降低。
另外，在使树脂等粘合料浸入包含上述这种强化纤维层的层叠体时，树脂202(用点表示)会进入内周侧的强化纤维201b起伏而翘起的部分且固化。由于树脂等粘合料的强度远低于强化纤维，因此在复合材料的内部，若较多地形成有几乎仅由树脂形成的部分(树脂富余部)，则导致连接器的强度降低。特别是，如图9所示，若树脂202较多地露出于贯通孔210，则插通于贯通孔210中的销(螺栓等，省略图示)与树脂202直接接触，因此树脂202容易因从销受到负荷而将破坏。像这样，当树脂富余部破坏时，销与贯通孔210的轴心位置偏离，导致连接器的强度降低。
另外，上述那样的内周侧的强化纤维201b的起伏情况根据每个产品而有所不同，因此起伏的强化纤维201b的拉伸强度、进入强化纤维201b起伏的部分的树脂部202的量根据每个产品而产生偏差。因此，连接器的强度会根据每个产品而大幅产生偏差。
如上述那样，在产生连接器的强度的降低、偏差时，需要增加强化纤维的使用量以确保强度，因此会导致成本高，而且无法实现轻型化。
例如，若减小各强化纤维束的宽度，则圆弧部的内周长与外周长之差减小，能够抑制内周的纤维的起伏。然而，若减小各纤维束的宽度，则构成各纤维束的纤维根数减少，因此为了确保纤维的总数需要增加纤维束的数量，从而供给纤维束的工时增加生产性降低。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明要解决的课题是，在不降低生产性的情况下，抑制复合材料轻型连接器的强度的降低、偏差，实现低成本化以及轻型化。
用于解决课题的方案
为了解决所述课题而完成的本发明的复合材料轻型连接器由使粘合料浸入层叠体并固化而成的复合材料构成，所述层叠体通过层叠多个强化纤维层而成，且所述复合材料轻型连接器具有沿所述强化纤维层的厚度方向贯通的贯通孔，其中，所述多个强化纤维层中的至少一个强化纤维层通过将多个强化纤维并线成带状而成，且具备强化纤维束，所述强化纤维束具有沿着所述贯通孔的周围的圆弧部，对所述强化纤维束的圆弧部实施了加捻。
像这样，通过对沿着贯通孔的周围配置的强化纤维束的圆弧部加捻，从而圆弧部的内周侧的纤维与外周侧的纤维对调，因此与将圆弧部的纤维平行地并线的情况相比，能够减小因圆弧部的内外周长差引起的纤维长度之差。由此，抑制了圆弧部的内周侧的纤维起伏而翘起的情况，贯通孔的周围(端部侧区域)的连接器的强度提高。另外，通过抑制内周侧的纤维的起伏造成的翘起，减少了进入翘起的部分的粘合料，因此能够抑制复合材料中的粘合料富余部，特别是，连接器的端部侧区域处的粘合料富余部的形成，从而能够防止伴随于粘合料的破坏而产生的连接器的固定精度的降低。并且，通过抑制纤维的起伏，能够使每个产品的纤维的状态稳定，因此能够抑制每个产品的强度的偏差。
在具有上述的圆弧部的强化纤维束还具有直线部的情况下，难以仅对圆弧部加捻。对此，通过对强化纤维束整体加捻，即，不仅对圆弧部加捻，也对直线部加捻，能够使连接器的制造容易化。在像这样对强化纤维束加捻时，如图5所示，相对于对强化纤维束施加拉伸应力的方向P，纤维的取向方向Q倾斜，因此连接器的拉伸强度降低。因此，以往，严禁对强化纤维束加捻。然而，对于具有圆弧部的强化纤维束，与因加捻强化纤维束造成的强度的降低相比，通过对圆弧部加捻抑制内周侧的纤维的起伏从而得到强度的提高、偏差抑制的效果更大，因此能够提高连接器整体的强度。
发明效果
如上所述，根据本发明的复合材料轻型连接器，由于抑制了圆弧部的内周的强化纤维的起伏，因此抑制了由此引起的连接器强度的降低、偏差，从而能够减小强化纤维的使用量，实现低成本化以及轻型化。
附图说明
图1(a)是本发明的一实施方式的复合材料轻型连接器的俯视图。
图1(b)是上述复合材料轻型连接器的剖视图。
图2(a)是构成上述复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图2(b)是构成上述复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图2(c)是构成上述复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图2(d)是构成上述复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图2(e)是构成上述复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图3是图2(a)所示的强化纤维层的放大俯视图。
图4是图3的贯通孔周边的放大俯视图。
图5是表示将强化纤维束加捻后的状态的俯视图。
图6(a)是以往的连接器的剖视图。
图6(b)是上述以往的连接器的俯视图。
图7(a)是构成以往的复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图7(b)是构成以往的复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图7(c)是构成以往的复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图7(d)是构成以往的复合材料轻型连接器的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图8是包含具有圆弧部的强化纤维束的强化纤维层的俯视图。
图9是图8的贯通孔周边的放大俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下，根据附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
如图1所示，本实施方式的复合材料轻型连接器1(以下，有时简称为连接器1)具有用于使销(例如螺栓)插通的圆筒面状的贯通孔2。连接器1包括将强化纤维并线而成的多个强化纤维层3、浸入层叠有多个强化纤维层3的层叠体中并固化的粘合料(省略图示)。作为强化纤维，例如使用碳纤维、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维等。作为粘合料，例如使用树脂(有机物)、无机物等。
强化纤维层3通过将多个纤维并线成带状而成的多个强化纤维束排列成一片薄片状而形成。连接器1具有纤维的取向方向不同的多种强化纤维层3，相邻的强化纤维层3的纤维取向方向交叉。在本实施方式中，在将对连接器1施加拉伸负载的方向(图2的左右方向)设为0°方向，将沿着贯通孔2的周围的方向设为圆弧方向时，依次层叠使纤维沿0°方向以及圆弧方向取向而成的强化纤维层3a(参照图2(a))、使纤维沿45°方向取向而成的强化纤维层3b(参照图2(b))、使纤维沿0°方向取向而成的强化纤维层3c(参照图2(c))、使纤维沿135°方向取向而成的强化纤维层3d(参照图2(d))、使纤维沿90°方向取向而成的强化纤维层3e(参照图2(e))。
如图3中放大表示那样，各强化纤维层3中的、使纤维沿图2(a)所示的0°方向+圆弧方向取向而成的强化纤维层3a具备：具有沿着贯通孔2的周围配置的圆弧部4a以及直线部4b的强化纤维束4、仅由直线部构成的强化纤维束5。对强化纤维束4中的至少圆弧部4a加捻。在图示例中，带状的强化纤维束4在圆弧部4a处扭转约180°，在俯视观察时最细的部分(称为窄幅部6)配置在圆弧部4a的范围内(在图示例中是圆弧部4a的中央部附近)。
像这样，通过对强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a加捻，从而圆弧部4a的内周的纤维与外周的纤维对调。具体而言，如图4所示，在各强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a的周向一侧的端部C(图4的左侧端部)处配置在外周侧的强化纤维4a1在圆弧部4a的周向另一侧的端部D(图4的右侧端部)处配置在内周侧。另一方面，在各强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a的周向一侧的端部C处配置在内周侧的强化纤维4a2(由粗线表示)在圆弧部4a的周向另一侧的端部D处配置在外周侧。像这样，通过使与强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a的宽度方向中央相比靠内周侧的纤维与靠外周侧的纤维对调，从而两强化纤维4a1、4a2的纤维长度差变小。特别是，在圆弧部4a的周向两端，通过使与强化纤维束4的宽度方向中央相比靠内周侧的纤维与靠外周侧的纤维对调，从而两强化纤维4a1、4a2的纤维长度差大致抵消。
由此，构成圆弧部4a的所有纤维的纤维长度大致相等，从而抑制了内周侧的纤维的起伏。因此，内周侧的纤维能够有效地提高连接器1整体的强度，因此连接器1的强度提高。另外，通过抑制纤维的起伏，从而抑制向纤维起伏而翘起的部分进入的粘合料，因此抑制了复合材料的内部的粘合料富余部的形成，连接器1的强度进一步提高。特别是，如图4所示，抑制了面向贯通孔2的部分、即与插入贯通孔2中的销直接接触的部分处的粘合料富余部的形成，因此能够防止因粘合料的破坏造成连接器的强度降低。并且，通过抑制圆弧部4a的内周侧的纤维的起伏，能够使每个产品的纤维的状态稳定，从而抑制了每个产品的强度的偏差。
另外，连接器1的贯通孔2的半径r越小，另外强化纤维束4的宽度w越大，越容易产生圆弧部4a的内周的纤维的起伏。因此，强化纤维束4的宽度w与贯通孔2的半径r之比(w/r)越大，则如上述那样对圆弧部4a加捻变得越有效。具体而言，例如在w/r为0.1以上，特别是0.3以上的情况下，对圆弧部加捻极为有效。例如，在将强化纤维束的宽度w设为3～5mm左右，将贯通孔2的半径r为30mm以下，特别是20mm以下，甚至10mm以下的情况下，对圆弧部加捻特别有效。
为了对圆弧部4a加捻，例如，只需以预先规定的间距对强化纤维束4加捻，并将该强化纤维束4沿着贯通孔2的周围配置即可。此时，若使强化纤维束4的扭转的间距(即窄幅部6的间距)与圆弧部4a的周长L相等，则能够在圆弧部4a处配置一个窄幅部6。
像这样，当以规定间距对强化纤维束4加捻时，不仅在圆弧部4a产生发生扭转，在直线部4b上也发生扭转。在该情况下，如图5所示，相对于对强化纤维束4施加拉伸负载的方向P(0°方向)，各纤维的取向方向Q倾斜，因此连接器1的拉伸强度降低。然而，与因对强化纤维束4加捻造成的强度降低相比，通过将圆弧部4a加捻抑制内周侧的纤维的起伏从而得到强度的提高、偏差抑制的效果更大，因此能够提高连接器1整体的强度。
对圆弧部4a加捻的方法不限定于上述方法。例如，也可以通过一边将强化纤维束4沿着贯通孔2的周围配置一边扭转而对圆弧部4a加捻。
上述的复合材料轻型连接器1例如能够作为连接图6所示那样的独立地形成的多个构件A、B的连接器100而使用。此时，如图所示，为了增大与贯通孔101的接触面积，优选销(螺栓110)的外周面中的、至少在径向上与贯通孔101对置的区域形成为圆筒面。除此以外，虽然省略图示，然而也可以将上述的复合材料轻型连接器1作为一体地设置于一方的构件A并借助销而与另一方的构件B连接的连接器来使用。另外，插入贯通孔2中的销可以是将连接器1与其他构件固定的构件(固定连接器)，也可以是容许连接器1与其他构件的以销为中心的相对旋转的构件(旋转连接器)。
在上述的实施方式中，示出了将强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a扭转一次(180°)的情况，然而不限定于此，只要在圆弧部4a处对强化纤维束4a加捻，便能够得到减小纤维长度之差的效果。例如，也可以通过将强化纤维束4的圆弧部4a扭转多次(大于180°)，来缩小构成圆弧部4a的各强化纤维的长度之差。
如上的复合材料轻型连接器1能够用于飞机或机动车等输送设备、房屋或桥梁等建筑物等中。
附图标记说明
1复合材料轻型连接器
2贯通孔
3(3a～3e)强化纤维层
4强化纤维束
4a圆弧部
4a1、4a2强化纤维
4b直线部
5强化纤维束
6窄幅部

Claims (3)

1.一种复合材料轻型连接器，其由使粘合料浸入层叠体并固化而成的复合材料构成，所述层叠体通过层叠多个强化纤维层而成，且所述复合材料轻型连接器具有沿所述强化纤维层的厚度方向贯通的贯通孔，其中，
所述多个强化纤维层中的至少一个强化纤维层通过将多个强化纤维并线成带状而成，且具备强化纤维束，所述强化纤维束具有沿着所述贯通孔的周围的圆弧部，对所述强化纤维束的圆弧部实施了加捻。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料轻型连接器，其中，
在所述圆弧部的周向两端，使内周侧的强化纤维与外周侧的强化纤维对调。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料轻型连接器，其中，
所述强化纤维束还具有直线部，对所述直线部也实施了加捻。
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