CN105074234B - 摩擦焊接组件以及将该摩擦焊接组件连接到外壳的方法 - Google Patents

摩擦焊接组件以及将该摩擦焊接组件连接到外壳的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105074234B
CN105074234B CN201480010478.0A CN201480010478A CN105074234B CN 105074234 B CN105074234 B CN 105074234B CN 201480010478 A CN201480010478 A CN 201480010478A CN 105074234 B CN105074234 B CN 105074234B
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friction welding
shell
welding component
component
connecting bushing
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CN201480010478.0A
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CN105074234A (zh
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迈克·斯达姆普夫
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Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH
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Boellhoff Verbindungstechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/069—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding the welding tool cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B29C66/12822—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments comprising at least three overlap joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1286—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0618—Linear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0627—Angular, i.e. torsional
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0636—Orbital
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于固定连接衬套(10)的摩擦焊接方法，例如，将螺纹衬套固定到外壳(50)中。为了提高连接质量，使用摩擦焊接组件(1)将连接衬套(10)固定到外壳(50)上。该摩擦焊接组件(1)包括连接衬套(10)，在该连接衬套上，具有径向摩擦焊接外廓(32)的摩擦焊接壳体(30)被形成或成型。在摩擦焊接处理过程中，通过摩擦焊接外廓(32)的特定设计，在摩擦焊接组件(1)和外壳(50)之间产生连接和密封部。

Description

摩擦焊接组件以及将该摩擦焊接组件连接到外壳的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种摩擦焊接组件，该摩擦焊接组件包括径向内连接衬
套，该衬套具有摩擦焊接壳体，该壳体在径向向外方向上被形成或成型。进一步地，本发明涉及一外壳，该外壳具有一通道，在该通道中，本发明的摩擦焊接组件通过摩擦焊接、超声波接合或热气体接合方式被连接。进一步地，本发明还描述了以摩擦焊接方式将该摩擦焊接组件固定在外壳中的连接方法。
背景技术
现有技术中存在很多种将(例如，作为螺纹嵌入件的)连接衬套固定到外壳中的方法。作为示例地，如果这种外壳被用于冷却水系统或机器的液压回路，该连接衬套可用于将容置流体的管道连接到外壳上。此可见，该连接衬套必须被外壳密闭地固定，这样才不会发生水、油、气或液压回路泄露。
目前，金属螺纹嵌入件作为连接衬套以不同方式被安装到塑料外壳中。这些外壳例如可由具有或不具有纤维增强的热后可塑性材料制成。
根据现有一可选的已知制造方法，在外壳模具中制造外壳的过程中，连接衬套被定位，之后，使用选择的塑料，该衬套被插入成型或二次成型。而这要求外壳具有非常复杂的形状，要求连接衬套不仅被防定位地被固持，而且要通过例如中心销被封闭。在这种方式下，连接衬套除了被形成或成型到外壳壁内部，还需要保证在制造过程中连接衬套的内部与材料无关。
而且，可能需要向连接衬套提供独立的密封环(例如，O形圈)，并将密封环压入到外壳壁中。根据现有一可选的第三制造方法，金属连接衬套可被感应加热，从而嵌入到外壳壁中。
尽管如此，上述的现有可选制造方法都存在各种缺点，这些缺点都会影响到外壳和连接衬管间的密封连接。例如，如果密封功能主要由O形圈实现，那么O形圈的材料就必须能够被调整，以允许液体通过连接衬套。否则，腐蚀性介质会导致O形圈被损坏，从而降低密封性。通常情况下还有另一缺点，就是在连接衬套的安装连接中以及在使用由连接衬套提供的连接过程中，O形圈材料必须抵抗热压力。由于密封O形圈的材料要求，因此，无法得到对腐蚀性介质存在最佳抵抗以及理想的温度抵抗的O形圈。另外，在密封圈压入时，密封圈还有可能由于机械压力被损坏。进一步的缺点还在于，在操作具有该连接衬套和密封O形圈的外壳时，密封O形圈会老化，密封圈材料变得易碎。密封圈材料的易碎性还会有害地影响到产生的连接的密封性。
EP1160071A2描述了用于销状螺纹组件的焊接方法。在这里，销状螺纹组件首先通过其外部螺纹被安装到摩擦焊接衬套中。之后，摩擦焊接衬套通过销状螺纹组件被转动，并通过摩擦焊接方式被安装到通道中。该通道作为一组件的开口或作为一组件的凹陷在一圆顶中被提供。由于摩擦焊接的转力矩从销状螺纹组件传递至摩擦焊接衬套，因此，该机械应力会削弱销状螺纹组件和摩擦焊接衬套之间的连接。这会对最终在销状螺纹组件和摩擦焊接衬套之间产生的该连接产生负面影响。
因此，本发明目的在于以一种可靠、高效的方式将连接衬套固定到一外壳中的不同位置，和/或固定到不同外壳中，以使得该连接衬套可作一连接点，以用于不同目的。
发明内容
上述目的可根据以下的摩擦焊接组件、一外壳以及一连接方法来实现：该摩擦焊接组件通过摩擦焊接方式被固定在一外壳的通道中，所述摩擦焊接组件包括：连接衬套，所述连接衬套具有径向内侧和摩擦焊接壳体，所述摩擦焊接壳体形成于所述连接衬套的径向外侧上，所述连接衬套包括：用于与所述外壳连接的径向摩擦焊接外廓，所述径向摩擦焊接外廓在轴向上具有至少一锥形台阶，以及：圆周设置的衬圈，所述衬圈邻近所述连接衬套的一端轴向设置，并包括用于转动所述摩擦焊接组件的至少一驱动装置，所述至少一驱动装置位于远离所述摩擦焊接外廓朝向的衬圈顶侧；该外壳具有固定在其上的至少一摩擦焊接组件，通过该连接方法一连接衬套被固定在外壳的通道中；且该连接方法包括：S1、在连接衬套的径向外侧形成一摩擦焊接壳体，所述连接衬套具有径向摩擦焊接外廓，所述径向摩擦焊接外廓在轴向上具有至少一锥形台阶以及圆周设置的衬圈，所述衬圈邻近所述连接衬套的一端轴向设置，并包括用于转动所述摩擦焊接组件的至少一驱动装置，所述至少一驱动装置位于远离所述摩擦焊接外廓朝向的衬圈顶侧，所述至少一驱动装置用于相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件；S2、围绕所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴，通过衬圈顶侧上的所述驱动装置相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件；以及S3、相对移动在轴向方向上将摩擦焊接组件移动到所述外壳的所述通道中，从而在所述摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间实现摩擦焊接连接。
根据本发明的摩擦焊接组件通过摩擦焊接方法被固定在外壳的通道中，根据本发明的摩擦焊接组件包括连接衬套，该衬套具有径向内侧以及摩擦焊接壳体，该壳体形成或成型于连接衬套的径向外侧。摩擦焊接壳体包括径向摩擦焊接外廓，以用于牢固地粘合或材料连接到外壳上，该外廓包括在轴向方向上的至少一圆锥形台阶以及圆周设置的衬圈，该衬圈邻近连接衬套被轴向设置，并在远离摩擦焊接外廓的衬圈顶侧包括至少一驱动或啮合装置，以用于转动摩擦焊接组件。
为了能够将连接衬套(例如，具有内插入式密封或快速密封的螺纹衬套或衬套)可靠地固定到外壳中，以用于冷却系统，作为示例地，带有摩擦焊接壳体的连接衬套在其径向外表面被提供。根据一可选方式，该摩擦焊接壳体被形成，这样，该摩擦焊接壳体可足够牢固地固定在连接衬套的径向外侧上。当固定的连接作为液体或气体连接时，根据该优选实施例摩擦焊接组件被防转动、密封地设置在外壳中。为了在连接衬套和摩擦焊接壳体之间生成可靠的连接，连接衬套在其径向外侧具有一轮廓，优选地为一切辊纹或楔形固定结构。具体地，该结构设计实现了将连接衬套不可转动的、密封地固定到摩擦焊接壳体中，而壳体则不可转动的、密封地固定到外壳中。连接衬套可用于液体或气体管理的连接，以及可用于产生连接部件的连接点。
摩擦焊接壳体具有径向向外设置的摩擦焊接外廓，这样，连接衬套通过摩擦焊接可固定到外壳中。因此，根据本发明，带有摩擦焊接壳体的连接衬套构成了摩擦焊接组件，其中，摩擦焊接壳体形成于连接衬套上。摩擦焊接外廓圆周地、在连接衬套的轴向方向上延伸。为了通过已知的摩擦焊接方法，在摩擦焊接壳体和外壳之间建立可靠的连接，至少一圆锥状台阶在摩擦焊接外廓的轴向方向上被提供。该圆锥状台阶可在摩擦焊接壳体的整个轴向长度上延伸，或者，优选地，摩擦焊接壳体也可以具有分布在摩擦焊接壳体的轴向长度上的多个圆锥状台阶。如果具有这种形状的摩擦焊接外廓的连接衬套被转动压入到一外壳的通道中，则圆锥状表面会与外壳通道的边界壁产生摩擦表面，在该摩擦表面材料之后会相互可连接地融化、混合。优选地，通道为圆柱状。根据进一步的实施例，通道具有径向的倾斜的圆锥内壁，其中，径向内壁与通道的纵向轴成一角度，该角度的范围位于大于0°至20°的范围，优选地，大于0°至10°的范围。
摩擦焊接方法使用待固定的两组件之间的相对运动，通过该运动依靠摩擦而用于融化材料的热量在相互抵接的表面区域被产生。依靠例如在轨道摩擦焊接中的振荡转动运动或两组件间的轴向震动或这些运动的结合，该相对运动例如可通过两个组件中的至少一组件的转动来产生。因此，这里使用的术语“摩擦焊接”以及“摩擦焊接处理”并不限定于转动摩擦焊接。
作为摩擦焊接壳体一部分以及优选为摩擦焊接外廓一部分的创新地圆周设置的衬圈首先限定了摩擦焊接组件轴向插入到外壳的通道中。而且，衬圈提供了驱动装置或驱动连接，这样，摩擦焊接组件在摩擦焊接方法中可以被转动。由于驱动装置被优选地凹陷设置在衬圈中，这样，在摩擦焊接处理完成后，可实现衬圈与外壳保留部的优选的平齐连接。
由于除了提供与外壳的轴向延伸的摩擦焊接外廓摩擦表面以及抵接点，圆周设置的衬圈在该位置通过摩擦还实现了材料的融化，并在摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间实现了连接。除了保证保留部和摩擦焊接壳体的连接，这还保证了连接衬套在外壳中的可靠和密封固定。
根据摩擦焊接组件一优选结构，摩擦焊接外廓包括至少第一圆柱形部和第二圆柱形部，这些部件之间通过至少一圆锥状台阶相互连接。该至少两个圆柱形部件用于改进摩擦焊接组件和外壳圆柱形通道之间的连接。优选地，即：第一圆柱形部的外直径大于外壳通道的内直径，第二圆柱形部的外直径少于外壳通道的内直径。基于该结构实施例，具体地，在摩擦焊接处理过程中，摩擦焊接壳体的该第一圆柱形部被融化，摩擦焊接组件转动插入到外壳的圆柱形通道中，从而在摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间建立连接。由于第二圆柱形部的外直径，摩擦焊接壳体的第二圆柱形部在径向上与外壳通道的圆柱内壁被分隔开。基于该结构，摩擦焊接组件将不会承受第二圆柱形部转动插入到通道中的扭转力矩。在随后的摩擦焊接和摩擦焊接壳体和/或外壳的材料塑化过程中，优选地，该材料将移动到通道壁和摩擦焊接壳体的第二圆柱形部之间的间隙中。只要该移位的材料填满该间隙，就可将摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间的连接密封，这样，除了焊接区域，附加的密封区域也可以实现。
根据另一优选实施例，摩擦焊接壳体的圆锥台阶与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成一角度，该角度>90°。该圆锥台阶的设置可支持摩擦焊接组件转动插入到外壳的通道中。根据摩擦焊接组件进一步优选实施例，面向摩擦焊接外廓的衬圈底侧在径向上倾斜设置，并可垂直于摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴。由于衬圈底侧面向外壳，因此，即使在摩擦焊接组件侵入到外壳的通道中之后，该底侧还是可提供摩擦表面。当材料在该衬圈底侧由于摩擦生热而被融化时，该材料与外壳在该部分的被融化材料连接在一起。
在另一优选实施例中，摩擦焊接壳体的衬圈底侧与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵轴成一角度，该角度<90°。衬圈底侧的该优选角度设置使得由于加热而软化的材料可在径向向内移动。在朝向连接衬套和摩擦焊接壳体的径向上的该定向材料移动可支持摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间连接的建立、以及该连接在使用中足够密封。
其中，连接衬套优选地由金属制成，例如，不锈钢、黄铜或其他合金，摩擦焊接壳体由具有或不具有纤维加强的热后可塑性材料制成。与这些相结合，外壳优选地也可以由具有或不具有纤维加强的热后可塑性合成材料制成。例如，聚丙烯(PP)材料，优选地，如具有玻璃纤维成分的聚酰胺(PA6.6GF30)或不具有玻璃纤维加强的聚酰胺(PA)。通常地，通过使用相同或相容的塑料可为摩擦焊接组件和外壳获得一牢固的连结。因此，下述材料或材料混合物(聚合混合物)优选地也可用于生成外壳和摩擦焊接组件：聚碳酸脂，如抗冲击的热后可塑性材料(PC+ABS)、PC/ABS、PC+ABS/PC以及ABS+ABS/PC。进一步可提供热固性塑料或热硬化性材料，以用于生成外壳。在摩擦焊接处理过程中，热后可塑性材料制成的摩擦焊接壳体优选地包括一聚合体，以夹持或锁在硬质塑料的外壳上，这样，可获得一可靠连接。如果纤维加强塑料被用作外壳和摩擦焊接壳体，则与外壳材料相比，摩擦焊接壳体中的纤维成分优选地小于或等于零。
根据本发明的一优选实施例，除了连接衬套，摩擦焊接壳体还可以由金属制成，例如，采用金属注塑成型或金属压铸成型。作为示例地，在这里锌和铝压铸工艺可用于将摩擦焊接壳体形成或成型到连接衬套。为了配合该方式，外壳也由金属制成，例如，锌或铝，这样，在连接处理过程中，可获得摩擦焊接壳体和外壳之间的金属摩擦焊接连接。
本发明还包括具有一通道的外壳，根据上述的一个或多个实施例摩擦焊接组件被固定在该通道中。根据另一优选实施例，摩擦焊接组件的衬圈顶侧与连接衬套的轴向顶齐平，这样，摩擦焊接组件还可通过摩擦焊接被插入到通道中，并与外壳的外侧平齐。
本发明进一步包括一连接方法，通过该连接方法，摩擦焊接组件的连接衬套可被固定在外壳的通道中。该连接方法包括下述步骤：在连接衬套的径向外侧形成或成型摩擦焊接壳体，该连接衬套具有径向摩擦焊接外廓，该径向摩擦焊接外廓在轴向上具有至少一锥形台阶以及圆周设置的衬圈，该衬圈邻近所述连接衬套的一端轴向设置，并包括用于转动所述摩擦焊接组件的至少一驱动装置，所述至少一驱动装置位于远离所述摩擦焊接外廓朝向的衬圈顶侧，所述至少一驱动装置用于相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件，优选地，相对转动所述摩擦焊接组件；围绕所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴，通过衬圈顶侧上的所述驱动装置相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件；以及相对移动在轴向方向上将摩擦焊接组件移动到所述外壳的所述通道中，从而在所述摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间实现牢固的连接或材料粘结。除了摩擦焊接组件的转动，还可以通过扭转振动或振荡获得外壳和摩擦焊接组件之间的上述相对运动，即通过外壳通道内摩擦焊接组件的有限转动角度内往复运动，或通过轴向振荡(即：外壳通道内摩擦焊接组件的轴向往复运动)来获得相对运动。具体地，当使用非常小的扭转振荡和/或轴向振荡幅度，也可以固定摩擦焊接组件，其中，固定摩擦焊接组件可以非转动对称，和/或可安装在非转动对称通道中。另外可选的运动方式可以是上述相对运动的结合或任选运动的组合，这样，可得到相对的轨道振荡。
在前述连接方法的一优选实施例中，通过摩擦融化所述通道和所述摩擦焊接组件的第一圆锥部、第二圆锥部之间的材料，以用于摩擦焊接连接，其中，所述第一圆锥部、第二圆锥部相对所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成不同和/或相对角度倾斜。
除了建立摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间的连接，摩擦焊接壳体的该优选实施例还实现了将软化的材料压入到摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间的间隙中。在这些位置处，在冷却后，软化的材料形成了摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间的密封连接。在这种方式中，摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间的连接部和密封部相互补充。
附图说明
下面将进一步结合附图对本发明进行描述，其中：
图1为本发明一优选实施例的爆炸示意图，该实施例包括摩擦焊接组件和外壳；
图2为安装在外壳中的摩擦焊接组件的优选实施例；以及
图3为一流程图，该流程图示出了连接方法的优选实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种摩擦焊接组件1，该摩擦焊接组件1包括连接衬套10以及摩擦焊接壳体30。摩擦焊接组件1可通过摩擦焊接工艺被可靠地固定在外壳50的通道52中，优选地，耐压密闭地被固定，因此，也不会透液。本发明在这里基于圆柱形通道52的示例被描述，摩擦焊接组件1被固定在该通道中。如前所述，通道52也可以被塑造成不同的形状。为了固定摩擦焊接组件1，圆柱形通道52两端打开。优选地，圆柱形通道52也可以一端封闭，以固定摩擦焊接组件1。在这种情形下，摩擦焊接组件1优选地实现了一连接点，以将一连接部固定在外壳50上。
图1以爆炸图的方式示出了本发明的一优选实施例，该实施例包括优选的摩擦焊接组件1以及用示意图表示的外壳50，图2示出了摩擦焊接组件1，该焊接组件通过摩擦焊接方式被安装在外壳50中。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，连接衬套10由金属制成，形成在衬套10径向外侧的摩擦焊接壳体30由塑料制成。根据不同可选优选材料，摩擦焊接壳体30可由刚性和耐用塑料制成，例如，具有或不具有强化纤维的热塑性塑料，如聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)以及PA6.6GF30，以及聚碳酸脂和复合高聚物，如PC/ABS、PC+ABS、PC+ABS/PC、ABS+ABS/PC。在与摩擦焊接壳体30的协作下，外壳50可由与摩擦焊接壳体30类似的稳定材料或相同材料制成。优选地，外壳50还可以由热固性塑料或热硬化性塑料制成，摩擦焊接壳体30可由热后可塑性材料制成。
下面将基于由塑料制成的摩擦焊接壳体30和外壳50示例对本发明特征进行描述。
连接衬套10(在这里基于螺纹套筒进行描述)具有内螺纹16、可选的衬套衬圈18以及径向外侧12、14。作为内螺纹16的替换，优选可等同地提供一可选的连接结构。例如，该结构可包括插入式封闭、锁定连接件或插头连接等。
根据本发明的一优选实施例，连接衬套10的径向外侧设置有轮廓12、14。该轮廓12、14对形成或成型的摩擦焊接壳体30的保留物进行支撑。优选地，可以在整个径向外侧提供相同的轮廓或不同的轮廓。这样，优选地，区域12可具有外切辊纹，而区域14则具有插入式轮廓。该插入式轮廓包括楔形结构，在该结构中，摩擦焊接壳体30可以锁定。
连接衬套10径向外侧上的轮廓具有以下好处：轮廓可与成型的摩擦焊接壳体30形成形式配合连接或刚性连接。在到连接衬套10的摩擦焊接壳体30的形成过程中，在材料冷却到连接衬套10径向外侧的轮廓上的期间，材料发生收缩，通过这种方式被粘到轮廓上。连接衬套10上的摩擦焊接壳体30的可靠保留可通过摩擦焊接方式支持摩擦焊接组件1到外壳50的连接。
衬套衬圈18以稳定或支持方式作用于连接衬套10和摩擦焊接壳体30之间的连接。通过将衬圈的形状成型为凹槽，摩擦焊接壳体30可附加地固定在衬套衬圈18上。通过衬套衬圈18(如图1所示)上的径向向外切辊纹19，可进一步提高这种效果。
成型的或形成的摩擦焊接壳体30优选地包括圆周设置的衬圈40。衬圈40邻近连接衬套10的一端被轴向设置。衬圈40具有衬圈顶侧41和衬圈底侧45，优选地，两者通过单一或多个台阶部44相互连接。
在衬圈顶侧41，优选地，设置有至少一个驱动装置42。驱动装置42呈凹槽、凹陷或孔状，这样，通过驱动组件，该装置可在每种情形下被连接。通过连接到驱动装置42中，转动可被传递至摩擦焊接组件1，以将摩擦焊接组件1通过摩擦焊接方式固定在外壳50的圆柱形通道52中。与衬圈顶侧41上的驱动装置42的连接可保证将力和转力矩直接施加到摩擦焊接壳体30。因此，在摩擦焊接过程中，连接衬套10不会被机械地装载，这样，依然可保证连接衬套10和摩擦焊接壳体30之间的可靠连接。
根据本发明的一优选实施例，衬圈顶侧41与连接衬套10轴向端齐平。当摩擦焊接组件1与衬圈40完全地被安装到外壳50的圆柱形通道52中时，就可以实现衬圈40与邻近的外壳壁56的对齐设置。当然，也可以通过相对外壳壁56的轴向突出部将摩擦焊接组件1固定在外壳50的圆柱形通道52中。
为了将摩擦焊接组件1固定在圆柱形通道52中，摩擦焊接组件1在径向外侧包括有摩擦焊接外廓32。摩擦焊接外廓32在摩擦焊接组件1的轴向上延伸。根据一优选实施例，从衬圈40开始，摩擦焊接外廓32成锥形(未示出)地形成于摩擦焊接组件1的整个长度上。进一步的实施例包括摩擦焊接外廓32，该摩擦焊接外廓32至少包括第一圆柱形部34和具有不同外直径的第二圆柱形部36。两个圆柱形部34、36通过第一圆锥形部38相互连接。优选地，也可以在摩擦焊接外廓32中设置圆柱形部，不同圆柱形部之间设置圆锥形部。
优选地，第一圆锥形部38与摩擦焊接组件1的纵向轴L或第一圆柱形部34之间的角度为α>90°。可对圆柱形部34、36的外直径进行调整，以适应圆柱形通道52的内直径。这样，优选地，第一圆柱形部34的外直径少于圆柱形通道52的内直径，而第二圆柱形部36的外直径大于圆柱形通道52的内直径。由于摩擦焊接外廓32的这种结构，在摩擦焊接过程、转动过程以及摩擦焊接组件1在圆柱形通道52中轴向运动过程中，第一圆锥形部38会与圆柱形通道52壁在开口54处相遇。同时，第一圆柱形部34与圆柱形通道52之间形成间隙。在摩擦焊接过程中，第一圆锥形部38和圆柱形通道52内壁之间的摩擦会产生热量，从而可软化圆柱形通道52内壁和第一圆锥形部38的材料。因此，摩擦焊接组件可进一步在轴向方式上渗透到圆柱形通道52中，这样，摩擦以及由此形成的、第二圆柱形部32和圆柱形通道52内壁之间接触面的可塑性可变形材料被产生。在摩擦焊接组件1在圆柱形通道52中的同步转动和轴向运动过程中，摩擦焊接组件1和外壳50的塑化材料被混合、压缩、移动到圆柱形部34和圆柱形通道52壁之间的空隙。移动、塑化可变形的材料被接收到第一圆柱形部34和圆柱形通道52内壁之间的空隙。在摩擦焊接完成和材料在空隙中凝结后，移动到空隙中的该材料可支持摩擦焊接组件1和外壳50之间连接的附加密封。
另一密封可在加热的材料被固化后，通过邻近第一圆锥部38的连接部来获得。衬圈底侧45相对摩擦焊接组件1的纵向轴L成垂直设置或成非90°的角度β设置。根据进一步的优选实施例，衬圈底侧45相对摩擦焊接组件1的纵向轴L或第二圆柱形部36成少于90°的角度β设置。在摩擦焊接过程中，只要衬圈底侧45遇到外壳壁58，由于衬圈底侧45的倾斜，在摩擦区域的材料就会被加热、可变形地塑化以及径向向内地移动。因此，移动后的材料就会在第二圆柱形部36和圆柱形通道52内壁之间的接触面聚积。通过这种方式，该材料在冷却后就可以在摩擦焊接组件1和外壳50之间形成密封，从而作为附加的密封部。
在摩擦焊接组件1通过摩擦焊接已经完全固定在圆柱形通道52中后，由于得到的焊接和密封部的结合则可在摩擦焊接组件1和外壳50之间提供密封的、可靠的连接。
上述特别描述的将连接衬套10连接到外壳50的方法可通过以下步骤进行总结：在步骤1中，在连接衬套10的径向外侧形成或成型摩擦焊接壳体30和摩擦焊接外廓32。在形成过程中，有益的圆锥形部38、46以及圆柱形部34、36以及衬圈40或这些结构组件的任何任意选择在摩擦焊接外廓32中被形成。
在步骤2中，通过优选的驱动装置42，相对外壳50移动优选的摩擦焊接组件。优选地，该相对的移动包括摩擦焊接组件1围绕其纵向轴L的转动。在步骤3中，相对移动(优选地，转动)的摩擦焊接组件在其纵向轴L上移动到外壳50的圆柱形通道52中，这样，连接焊接部会出现在外壳50和摩擦焊接壳体30之间的接触部中。在这些接收移动的塑化可变形材料的部件(它们依次被固化)中，附加的密封部被产生。这些附加的密封部件可支持外壳50和摩擦焊接组件1之间的连接。这样，在步骤4中，可得到融化的、选择移动的以及牢固粘合的材料连接，从而在材料凝固固化后，可在连接衬套10和外壳50之间实现有益的摩擦焊接连接。
为了支持和准备在外壳50和摩擦焊接组件1之间的牢固粘合连接的生成，优选地，需要使用预加热步骤S0。在这里，必须通过摩擦进行塑化的表面部或部件的加热可通过超声波或热气体注入实现，因此，可降低必须由相对运动引入的塑化能量数量。在这种方式下，摩擦焊接过程可被缩短，借此可优化处理时间。
引用符号列表：
1摩擦焊接组件
10连接衬套
12外切辊纹
14嵌入式轮廓
16内螺纹
18衬套衬圈
30摩擦焊接壳体
32摩擦焊接外廓
34、36圆柱形部
38第一圆锥形部
40衬圈
41衬圈顶侧
42驱动装置
44台阶部件
45衬圈底侧
46第二圆锥部
50外壳
52通道
54开口
56、58外壳壁
L纵向轴

Claims (14)

1.摩擦焊接组件，所述摩擦焊接组件通过摩擦焊接方式被固定在一外壳的通道中，所述摩擦焊接组件包括：
连接衬套，所述连接衬套具有径向内侧和摩擦焊接壳体，所述摩擦焊接壳体形成于所述连接衬套的径向外侧上，所述连接衬套包括：
用于与所述外壳连接的径向摩擦焊接外廓，所述径向摩擦焊接外廓在轴向上具有至少一锥形台阶，以及
圆周设置的衬圈，所述衬圈邻近所述连接衬套的一端轴向设置，并包括用于转动所述摩擦焊接组件的至少一驱动装置，所述至少一驱动装置位于远离所述摩擦焊接外廓朝向的衬圈顶侧。
2.如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述摩擦焊接外廓包括至少第一圆柱形部和第二圆柱形部，所述第一圆柱形部和第二圆柱形部相互之间通过至少一圆锥形台阶连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述至少一圆锥形台阶与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成一角度α>90°。
4.如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述衬圈顶侧与所述连接衬套的一轴向端对齐。
5.如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，面向所述摩擦焊接外廓的衬圈底侧设置在径向方向上，该径向方式垂直于所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴或相对所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴倾斜。
6.如权利要求5所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述衬圈底侧与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成一角度β<90°。
7.如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述摩擦焊接壳体以及外壳由塑料制成，所述连接衬套由金属制成。
8.如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件，其特征在于，所述摩擦焊接壳体、所述连接衬套以及所述外壳由金属制成。
9.具有至少一通道的外壳，如权利要求1所述的摩擦焊接组件通过摩擦焊接被固定在所述外壳中。
10.如权利要求9所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述摩擦焊接组件的摩擦焊接外廓包括至少第一圆柱形部和第二圆柱形部，所述第一圆柱形部和第二圆柱形部相互之间通过至少一圆锥形台阶连接，且其中所述第一圆柱形部的外直径大于所述外壳的所述通道的内直径，所述第二圆柱形部的外直径小于所述外壳的所述通道的内直径，从而在所述第一圆柱形部中在所述摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间形成一连接焊接部，在所述第二圆柱形部中在所述摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间形成一密封部。
11.一种连接方法，通过该方法，一摩擦焊接组件的连接衬套被固定在一外壳的通道中，所述方法包括下述步骤：
S1、在连接衬套的径向外侧形成一摩擦焊接壳体，所述连接衬套具有径向摩擦焊接外廓，所述径向摩擦焊接外廓在轴向上具有至少一锥形台阶以及圆周设置的衬圈，所述衬圈邻近所述连接衬套的一端轴向设置，并包括用于转动所述摩擦焊接组件的至少一驱动装置，所述至少一驱动装置位于远离所述摩擦焊接外廓朝向的衬圈顶侧，所述至少一驱动装置用于相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件；
S2、围绕所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴，通过衬圈顶侧上的所述驱动装置相对移动所述摩擦焊接组件；以及
S3、相对移动在轴向方向上将摩擦焊接组件移动到所述外壳的所述通道中，从而在所述摩擦焊接组件和外壳之间实现摩擦焊接连接。
12.如权利要求11所述的连接方法，在所述步骤S3之后进一步包括步骤：
S4、通过摩擦融化所述通道和所述摩擦焊接组件的第一圆锥部、第二圆锥部之间的材料，以用于摩擦焊接连接，其中，所述第一圆锥部、第二圆锥部相对所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成不同角度倾斜。
13.如权利要求12所述的连接方法，其特征在于，所述第一圆锥部与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成一角度α>90°，所述第二圆锥部与所述摩擦焊接组件的纵向轴成一角度β<90°。
14.如权利要求11所述的连接方法，在所述步骤S1之前进一步包括步骤：
S0、对所述摩擦焊接组件和/或外壳中所述通道进行预加热，以支持摩擦焊接连接的生成。
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