WO2012095631A2

WO2012095631A2 - Method for connecting to a pipe

Info

Publication number: WO2012095631A2
Application number: PCT/GB2012/000022
Authority: WO
Inventors: Charles Alexander Tavner; Martin Peter William Jones; Richard Damon Goodman Roberts
Original assignee: Magma Global Limited
Priority date: 2011-01-14
Filing date: 2012-01-13
Publication date: 2012-07-19
Also published as: GB201100573D0; GB201312423D0; GB2501033B; WO2012095631A3; GB2501033A

Abstract

A method for use in securing a component (6) to a pipe (4) comprises providing a composite pipe (4) comprising a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix, and providing a separate preformed component (6), wherein at least one of the pipe (4) and component (6) includes a recess (14). The preformed component (6) is mounted relative to the pipe (4) such that the recess (14) at least partially defines a cavity (20) between the pipe and the preformed component. A filler material (23) is located within the cavity (20). The method comprises melting and solidifying the filler material (23) and the material of at least one of the pipe (4) and the preformed component (6) to fuse said filler material and at least one of the pipe and preformed component together to secure the preformed component to the pipe.

Description

METHOD FOR CONNECTING TO A PIPE

FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for use in connecting a component to a pipe. The present invention also relates to a method for use in forming a pipe connection arrangement and, in particular though not exclusively, for use in forming a pipe connection arrangement comprising a composite pipe and a separate connection member. The present invention also concerns a pipe connection arrangement formed using the method, a pipeline formed using the method and a kit of parts for use with the method.

BACKGROUND

When using pipes for the transport of fluids it may be important that the pipes maintain a sealed pathway for the fluids. This is especially true in a subsea environment where the pipes constitute a riser or the like for the transport of hydrocarbon fluids from a subsea reservoir. The subsea environment can, however, subject the pipes to variable forces with the most challenging structural loads often exerted on a joint or a connector between adjacent pipe lengths.

In the particular case of composite pipes for use in a subsea environment, tolerances associated with the manufacturing of the composite pipes may complicate the design of a joint or a connector between adjacent pipe lengths. Furthermore, known methods of forming a composite pipe length with an integral flange or the like for connection to an adjacent pipe length having a corresponding flange may be complex, time-consuming and expensive. In addition, depending on the particular manufacturing process used, the composite pipes may be designed to withstand different loads in different directions, further complicating the design of a joint or a connector between adjacent pipe lengths for use in a subsea environment.

Also, composite pipes in many applications may require to be provided with a precise structure or include one or more specific geometric features or components, such as lifting lugs and the like. However, forming such structures on a composite pipe can be complex.

Methods of forming a connection between pipes are known in the art, for example from US 2008/0001396, CN 201407435 and GB 1293371 . SUMMARY

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for use in securing a component to a pipe, comprising:

providing a composite pipe comprising a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix;

providing a separate preformed component;

including a recess in at least one of the pipe and the preformed component; mounting the preformed component relative to the pipe such that the recess at least partially defines a cavity between the pipe and the preformed component;

locating a filler material within the cavity; and

melting and solidifying the filler material and the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component to fuse said filler material and at least one of the pipe and preformed component together to secure the preformed component to the pipe.

Accordingly, the filler material may be fused with the material of one or both of the pipe and the preformed component to define a consolidated or monolithic structure which functions to provide a connection between the pipe and the preformed structure. The filler material may define an interlocking feature or structure between the pipe and the preformed component. Such an interlocking feature which is formed integrally with one or both of the pipe and the preformed component may augment any mechanical interlocking provided by the filler material when in the cavity. Such a method may, for example, result in the formation of at least one of a projection, flange, lug, spline, tooth, taper, thread and the like which extends from and is integral with one or both of the pipe and the preformed component.

The ability to provide a preformed component and robustly and securely connect this component to the pipe may permit certain features, profiles, structures and the like to be provided on the pipe in a simple manner, without having to directly form such features by a more complex manipulation of the composite material of the pipe during manufacture thereof.

The preformed component may comprise a connection member which, when secured to the pipe in the manner defined above, may subsequently be used to connect the pipe to a further component or structure, such as another connection member, another pipe or the like. In such an arrangement the method may be for use in forming a pipe connection arrangement. Such a method may be used in forming a robust pipe connection arrangement which may, for example, be connected to a further pipe connection arrangement to connect adjacent composite pipe lengths in the presence of composite pipe manufacturing tolerances. Such a method may permit composite pipes to be connected using a relatively simple, rapid and relatively inexpensive process.

The preformed component may comprise a further pipe, wherein the method defined above provides a connection between the pipes. In such an arrangement an end of one pipe may be received within an end of another pipe.

The preformed component may define a desired profile which is required to be provided on the pipe. For example, the preformed component may define a restriction, such as a venturi restriction. The preformed component may define a no-go, such as a stepped profile for use in facilitating location of the pipe in a service environment, location of equipment within the pipe or the like.

The preformed component may define a structural feature of the pipe. For example, the preformed component may be configured to define a region of increased stiffness. The preformed component may define a bend stiffener. The preformed component may define a contact pad area to permit contact with an adjacent structure, such as a supporting structure or the like.

The preformed component may define a fixing arrangement permitting an external structure, member or element to be secured to the pipe. The preformed component may define a lifting arrangement permitting lifting equipment to be secured to the pipe. The fixing arrangement may define a lug, eyelet or the like.

The preformed component may define a functional component.

The preformed component may define a centraliser, such as may be used to centralise the pipe within a bore.

The preformed component may define a brace structure configured to permit one or more elongate members, such as cables or conduits, to be secured relative to the pipe.

The method may comprise melting and solidifying only the filler material and the material of the pipe to fuse said filler material and pipe together.

The method may comprise melting and solidifying only the filler material and the material of the preformed component to fuse said filler material and preformed component together.

The method may comprise melting and solidifying the filler material, the material of the pipe and the material of the preformed component cause fusion therebetween. The method may comprise melting the filler material and the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component in the region of the boundary with the filler material.

The method may comprise injecting molten filler material into the cavity.

The method may comprise melting the filler material in situ within the cavity.

The method may comprise inserting solid filler material into the cavity and subsequently melting at least a portion of the filler material.

The method may comprise inserting malleable or flexible solid filler material into the cavity and subsequently melting at least a portion of the filler material.

The method may comprise heating the filler material using at least one of electromagnetic energy such as microwave radiation, optical radiation, an electric current, mechanical excitation, acoustic energy, a chemical reaction and the like.

The method may comprise heating the filler material before, during and/or after insertion into the cavity.

The method may comprise heating the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component using at least one of electromagnetic energy such as microwave radiation, optical radiation, an electric current, mechanical excitation, acoustic energy, a chemical reaction and the like.

The method may comprise heating the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component by heat energy from molten filler material. For example, the filler material may be at a temperature which is sufficient to cause melting of the material of the pipe and/or the preformed component, at least in a boundary region with the filler material. In such an arrangement heat from molten filler material may be supplemented with heat from another source.

The method may comprise inserting an expandable filler material such as a swellable filler material into the cavity.

The method may comprise expanding the filler material to fill the cavity.

The method may comprise pressurizing the filler material. For example, the method may comprise applying the filler material to the cavity under pressure. The method may comprise forcing the filler material into the cavity. The method may comprise pressurizing the filler material in the cavity.

The method may comprise retaining the filler material in the cavity.

The method may comprise sealing the filler material in the cavity.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define the cavity so as to provide one or more complementary inter-engaging features between the pipe and the connection member to interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to provide one or more features between the pipe and the preformed component which accommodate, withstand and/or transfer a force of a predetermined magnitude and/or direction between the pipe and the component.

The preformed component may comprise a composite material. For example, the preformed component may comprise a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix.

The preformed component may comprise the same composite material as the pipe.

The preformed component may comprise the same matrix present in the composite material of the pipe.

The preformed component may comprise a metal, such as steel, titanium, aluminium or the like. The preformed component may comprise a metal alloy.

Thus, the method may be used in forming a connection between a composite pipe and a preformed component formed from a material other than the composite material of the pipe. In use, the structural loads exerted between the preformed component and the pipe may be different to the structural loads exerted elsewhere on the pipe. The material of the preformed component may be selected to optimise the structural properties of a connection between the component and the pipe and/or to optimise the structural properties of any other connection between the component and a further component or structure. Thus, the method may provide additional freedom in the design of a pipe arrangement to optimise the structural properties.

The filler material may comprise a material which is similar or identical to a material of one or both of the pipe and the preformed component. Such an arrangement may assist in facilitating high-quality fusing together of the materials.

The filler material may comprise a material which is similar or identical to a matrix material of one or both of the pipe and the preformed component.

The filler material may comprise a composite material. For example, the filler material may comprise a composite material formed of at least a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix.

The filler material may comprise a composite material formed of at least a matrix and at least a portion of a mat of reinforcing elements. The filler material may comprise a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a chopped portion of a mat of reinforcing elements.

The filler material may comprise the same matrix present in the composite material of the pipe. In embodiments where the pipe material is melted to fuse with the filler material the resulting fused structure may define a continuous matrix.

The filler material may comprise the same matrix present in a composite material of the preformed component. In embodiments where the material of the composite material is melted to fuse with the filler material the resulting fused structure may define a continuous matrix.

The filler material may comprise a metal. For example, the filler material may comprise steel, titanium, aluminium or the like. The filler material may comprise a metal alloy.

The matrix may comprise a polymer material.

The matrix may comprise a thermoplastic material.

The matrix may comprise a thermoset material.

The matrix may comprise a polyaryl ether ketone, a polyaryl ketone, a polyether ketone (PEK), a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a polycarbonate or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. The matrix may comprise a polymeric resin, such as an epoxy resin or the like.

The reinforcing elements may comprise continuous or elongate elements. The reinforcing elements may comprise any one or combination of polymeric fibres, for example aramid fibres, or non-polymeric fibres, for example carbon, glass or basalt elements or the like. The reinforcing elements may comprise fibres, strands, filaments, nanotubes or the like. The reinforcing elements may comprise discontinuous elements.

The matrix and the reinforcing elements may comprise similar or identical materials. For example, the reinforcing elements may comprise the same material as the matrix, albeit in a fibrous, drawn, elongate form or the like.

The composite pipe and the preformed component may each comprise a recess. For example, the composite pipe may have a recess formed in a surface thereof and the preformed component may have a recess formed in a surface thereof. The method may comprise aligning a recess of the composite pipe and a recess of the preformed component so as to at least partially define the cavity. Aligning recesses of the composite pipe and preformed component may permit the filler material to provide a mechanical interlock between the pipe and the preformed component. Alternatively, the composite pipe and the preformed component may each comprise a recess, wherein the respective recesses are not aligned.

The method may comprise defining the or each recess by a variation in a surface profile and/or surface roughness of at least one of the composite pipe and the preformed component.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends radially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends radially to or from a surface of the pipe and/or radially to or from a surface of the preformed component. For example, the method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a dimple or the like in a surface of the pipe and/or in a surface of the preformed component. Such a method may result in the formation of a radially projecting feature which inter-engages the cavity between the pipe and the preformed component to circumferentially and/or axially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a generally hemispherical cavity. Such a method may result in the formation of a generally hemispherical projection which inter-engages the generally hemispherical cavity between the pipe and the preformed component to circumferentially and/or axially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends circumferentially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring the recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends circumferentially around the whole or part of an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a complete or partial circumferential feature between the pipe and the preformed component to axially interlock the connection member to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends axially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends axially along an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of an axially extending feature between the pipe and the connection member to circumferentially interlock the preformed component to the pipe. The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends axially along the whole of a length of the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends axially part-way along a length of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a feature between the pipe and the preformed component which not only circumferentially interlocks the preformed component to the pipe, but also provides a degree of axial interlock between the preformed component and the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends helically with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends helically along an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a helical feature between the pipe and the preformed component. Such a feature may provide a degree of axial and circumferential interlock between the preformed component and the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define a cavity which extends helically with respect to the pipe with a predetermined angle relative to a pipe axis. The method may comprise selecting the predetermined angle according to a predicted structural load to be exerted on the pipe and/or preformed component in use.

The pipe may comprise a riser, flowline, jumper, conduit, tubular or the like.

The preformed component may form part of a larger connection assembly, such as a mechanical connection assembly.

The preformed component may be configured for attachment to an external diameter of the pipe. The preformed component may comprise a clearance through hole which is configured to receive the pipe.

The preformed component may be configured for attachment to an internal diameter of the pipe. The preformed component may comprise a portion which is configured to be received by an internal bore of the pipe.

The preformed component may comprise a feature for use in connection to a further component such as a connection member such as a projection, flange, lug, spline, tooth, taper, thread, hole, bore or the like.

Mounting the preformed component on the pipe may comprise bringing an outer surface of the pipe and the preformed component into engagement. Mounting the preformed component on the pipe may comprise bringing an inner surface of the pipe and the preformed component into engagement.

The method may comprise providing at least one of the pipe and the preformed component with a port for filling the cavity with the filler material. The method may comprise providing the pipe with a port located anywhere on the pipe. The method may comprise providing the preformed component with a port located anywhere on the preformed component.

The method may comprise providing the pipe with a port on an inner and/or outer surface thereof.

The method may comprise providing the preformed component with a port on an inner and/or outer surface thereof.

The method may comprise providing at least one of the pipe and the preformed component with a plurality of ports for filling the cavity with the filler material. The composite pipe may comprise a plurality of recesses and the preformed component may comprise a single recess. The method may comprise aligning each recess of the composite pipe with the recess of the preformed component so as to at least partially define a cavity.

Such a method may result in the formation of a feature between the pipe and the preformed component comprising a plurality of substructures such as a plurality of projections, ribs, ridges or the like. Such a method may be particularly advantageous where the preformed component comprises metal. This is because a metal preformed component may only require a single cavity edge to transfer a load from the filler material whereas the composite pipe may require multiple cavity edges to transfer a load from the filler material.

The composite pipe may comprise a single recess and the preformed component may comprise a plurality of recesses. The method may comprise aligning the recess of the composite pipe with the plurality of recesses of the preformed component so as to at least partially define a cavity.

The method may comprise providing a composite pipe and a separate preformed component, wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component defines a plurality of recesses and the method further comprises mounting the preformed component on the pipe so as to define a plurality of cavities between the pipe and the preformed component.

The method may comprise at least partially filling the plurality of cavities with a filler material such that the filler material becomes secured within each of the plurality of cavities so as to secure the preformed component to the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of features between the pipe and the preformed component. Such a method may permit a plurality of connections to be formed between the composite pipe and the separate preformed component. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to provide a plurality of complementary inter-engaging features between the pipe and the preformed component to provide an interlock therebetween.

The composite pipe and the separate preformed component may each comprise a plurality of recesses. For example, the composite pipe may have a plurality of recesses formed in a surface thereof and the separate preformed component may have a plurality of recesses formed in a surface thereof.

The method may comprise aligning each recess of the composite pipe with a corresponding recess of the preformed component so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity.

Alternatively, the composite pipe and the separate preformed component may each comprise a plurality of recesses, wherein the recesses of the composite pipe and the recesses of the preformed component are not aligned.

The method may comprise defining each recess by a variation in the surface profile and/or surface roughness of at least one of the composite pipe and the separate connection member.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to provide a plurality of features between the pipe and the preformed component so as to accommodate, withstand and/or transfer a force of a predetermined magnitude and/or direction between the pipe and the preformed component.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends radially with respect to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends radially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends radially to or from a surface of the pipe and/or radially to or from a surface of the connection member. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding dimple or the like in a surface of the pipe and/or in a surface of the preformed component. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of radially projecting features, wherein each feature inter-engages a corresponding cavity between the pipe and the preformed component to circumferentially and/or axially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding generally hemispherical cavity. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of generally hemispherical projections which each inter- engage a respective generally hemispherical cavity between the pipe and the preformed component to circumferentially and/or axially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends circumferentially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends circumferentially around the whole or part of an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of complete or partial circumferential features between the pipe and the preformed component to axially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends axially with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends axially along an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of axially extending features between the pipe and the preformed component to circumferentially interlock the preformed component to the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends axially along the whole of a length of the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends axially part-way along a length of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of features between the pipe and the preformed component which not only circumferentially interlock the preformed component to the pipe, but also provide a degree of axial interlock therebetween.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends helically with respect to the pipe. For example, the method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends helically along an external or an internal surface of the pipe. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of helical features between the pipe and the preformed component. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of helical features which provide a degree of axial and circumferential interlock between the preformed component and the pipe.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends helically with respect to the pipe with a predetermined respective angle relative to a pipe axis.

The method may comprise selecting the respective predetermined angles according to a predicted structural load to be exerted on the pipe and/or preformed component in use.

The method may comprise configuring each recess so as to at least partially define a corresponding cavity, wherein each cavity extends helically with respect to the pipe and one or more of the cavities have a different handedness or a different chirality to one or more of the other cavities. Such a method may result in the formation of a plurality of helical features between the pipe and the preformed component, wherein one or more of the helical features have a different handedness or a different chirality to one or more of the other helical features.

The method may comprise providing at least one of the pipe and the preformed component with one or more ports for filling the cavity with the filler material. The method may comprise providing the pipe with a plurality of ports located anywhere on the pipe. The method may comprise providing the preformed component with a plurality of ports located anywhere on the preformed component.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe assembly, comprising:

a composite pipe comprising a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix; and

a separate preformed component mounted relative to the pipe;

wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component defines a recess at least partially forming a cavity therebetween, and said cavity includes a filler material which is fused by melting and solidifying with the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component. The pipe assembly according to the second aspect may be formed in accordance with the method according to the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipeline comprising a plurality of pipe assemblies according to the second aspect.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit of parts comprising:

a composite pipe comprising a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix;

a separate preformed component configured to be mounted relative to the pipe; and

a filler material,

wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component defines a recess at least partially forming a cavity therebetween when the preformed component is mounted relative to the pipe, and the filler material is configured to be located within said cavity and be fused by melting and solidifying with the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for use in forming a pipe connection arrangement, comprising:

providing a composite pipe and a separate connection member, wherein at least one of the pipe and the connection member comprises a recess;

mounting the connection member on the pipe such that the or each recess at least partially defines a cavity between the pipe and the connection member; and

at least partially filling the cavity with a filler material such that the filler material becomes secured within the cavity so as to connect the connection member to the pipe.

The filling material may be fused by melting and solidifying with the material of at least one of the pipe and the connection member.

Features defined in relation to the first aspect may be provided in accordance with the fifth aspect.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe connection arrangement comprising a composite pipe and a separate connection member, wherein at least one of the pipe and the connection member comprises a recess and the connection member is mounted on the pipe such that the recess at least partially defines a cavity between the pipe and the connection member and the cavity is at least partially filled with a filler material which is secured in the cavity so as to connect the connection member to the pipe.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipeline comprising a plurality of composite pipes, a plurality of separate connection members and a filler material, wherein at least one of a respective pipe and a respective connection member comprises a recess and each connection member is mounted on a respective pipe so as to at least partially define a respective cavity between the connection member and the respective pipe and the filler material at least partially fills each cavity and is secured in each cavity so as to connect the respective connection member to the respective pipe.

According to a eighth aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit of parts comprising a composite pipe, a separate connection member and a filler material, wherein at least one of the pipe and the connection member comprises a recess and the connection member is configured for mounting on the pipe so as to at least partially define a cavity between the pipe and the connection member and the filler material is configured to at least partially fill and be secured in the cavity so as to connect the connection member to the pipe.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for use in securing a component to a pipe, comprising:

providing a composite pipe and a separate preformed component, wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component comprises a recess;

mounting the preformed component relative to the pipe such that the or each recess at least partially defines a cavity between the pipe and the preformed component; and

at least partially filling the cavity with a filler material such that the filler material becomes secured within the cavity so as to connect the connection member to the pipe, wherein the filler material comprises a material which is the same as a material present in at least one of the pipe and the preformed component.

The filling material may be fused by melting and solidifying with the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe assembly comprising a composite pipe and a separate preformed component, wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component comprises a recess and the preformed component is mounted relative to the pipe such that the recess at least partially defines a cavity therebetween, and the cavity is at least partially filled with a filler material which is secured in the cavity so as to connect the connection member to the pipe, wherein the filler material comprises a material which is the same as a material present in at least one of the pipe and the preformed component.

It should be understood that one or more features relating to any aspect may apply either alone or in any combination in relation to any other aspect.

Other aspects of the present invention may relate to securing a component to a non-pipe structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described by way of non-limiting example only with reference to the following figures of which:

Figure 1(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a first embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a molten filler material;

Figure 1(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 1(a);

Figure 2(a) is a schematic cross-section of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 1 after injection and cooling of the molten filler material in use connected to a further pipe connection arrangement;

Figure 2(b) is a schematic cross-section of the pipe connection arrangement of

Figure 1 after injection and cooling of the molten filler material in use connected to a further pipe connection arrangement via an intervening spacer;

Figure 3(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a second embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material;

Figure 3(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 3(a);

Figure 4(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a third embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material;

Figure 4(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 4(a);

Figure 5(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a fourth embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material; Figure 5(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 5(a);

Figure 6(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a fifth embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material;

Figure 6(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 6(a);

Figure 7(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a sixth embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material;

Figure 7(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 7(a);

Figure 8(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a seventh embodiment of the present invention prior to insertion of a solid filler material insert;

Figure 8(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 8(a);

Figure 9(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting an eighth embodiment of the present invention prior to insertion of a solid filler material insert;

Figure 9(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 9(a);

Figure 10(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a ninth embodiment of the present invention prior to insertion of a flexible solid filler material insert;

Figure 10(b) is a schematic cross-section on AA of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 10(a);

Figure 11(a) is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting a tenth embodiment of the present invention prior to insertion of a flexible solid filler material insert;

Figure 11(b) is a schematic perspective view of the pipe connection arrangement of Figure 11(a) in which a connection member is shown in outline;

Figure 12 is a schematic cross-section of a pipe connection arrangement constituting an eleventh embodiment of the present invention prior to injection of a liquid filler material; and Figures 13 to 17 are schematic cross-sectional views of pipe assemblies according to various embodiments of the present invention which each include a pipe and a separate preformed component which is secured to the pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention provides a method of providing a connection between a pipe and separate component. The separate component may be provided in many different forms, depending on the required application. Only selected examples of preformed components are described below for exemplary purposes. For example, the initially described embodiments include securing a separate connection member to a pipe to form a connection arrangement.

Referring initially to Figures 1(a) and 1(b) there is shown a first embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 2 comprising a pipe 4 and a generally annular preformed component which defines a connection member 6 mounted on an outer surface 8 of the pipe 4. The connection member 6 comprises a flange portion 10 having axially orientated through-holes 12. The connection member 6 comprises an annular recess 14 formed on an inner surface 15 thereof and radially oriented ports 16 which extend from the recess 14 to an outer surface 18 of the connection member 6. The recess 14 and the outer surface 8 of the pipe 4 together define an annular cavity 20. The pipe 4 is formed from a composite material comprising a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) matrix and one or more carbon reinforcing fibres embedded within the PEEK matrix. Similarly, the connection member 6 is formed from a composite material comprising a PEEK matrix and a chopped portion of a mat comprising one or more carbon reinforcing fibres embedded within the PEEK matrix.

During assembly, molten PEEK is injected into the cavity 20 via the ports 16. The injected PEEK contacts walls 22 of the recess 14 of the connection member 6 and the outer surface 8 of the pipe 4 within the cavity 20 causing local melting of the walls 22 and the outer surface 8 of the pipe 4 within the cavity 20. Subsequently, during cooling of the injected PEEK, the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the walls 22 of the recess 14 of the connection member 6 and the pipe outer surface 8 fuse together thereby bonding the connection member 6 to the pipe outer surface 8. In some embodiments the material of the pipe 4 and connecting member 6 may be heated from a separate heat source. After cooling, the PEEK in the annular cavity 20 effectively constitutes a flange portion projecting from the pipe outer surface 8 which locks the connection member 6 to the pipe 4 in the presence of axial loads such as axial tensile loads. The annular cavity 20 may be configured so that the pipe connection arrangement 2 withstands a predetermined axial load. For example, the geometry of the annular cavity 20 may be configured so that the pipe connection arrangement 2 withstands a predetermined axial tensile load.

As shown in Figure 2(a), once the PEEK 23 in the annular cavity 20 has cooled and solidified, the pipe connection arrangement 2 may be connected to a further pipe connection arrangement 2' using fasteners such as bolts 24 and nuts 26 which extend through the through-holes 12, 12' of respective connection members 6, 6'. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2(b) the pipe connection arrangement 2 may be connected to the further pipe connection arrangement 2' via an intervening spacer, washer or seal 28 sandwiched between the respective connection members 6, 6' of the pipe connection arrangements 2, 2'.

Referring to Figures 3(a) and 3(b), there is shown a second embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 102 comprising a pipe 104 and a generally annular connection member 106 mounted on an outer surface 108 of the pipe 104. The embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "100". The embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) in that the pipe 104 comprises an annular recess 130 formed on the outer surface 108 thereof. A recess 114 formed on an inner surface 115 of the connection member 106 and the recess 130 formed on the outer surface 108 of the pipe 104 are aligned so as to define an annular cavity 120.

During assembly, molten PEEK is injected into the cavity 120 via ports 116. As for the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b), the injected PEEK contacts walls 122 of the recess 1 4 of the connection member 106 and walls 132 of the recess 130 of the pipe 104 within the cavity 120 causing local melting of the recess walls 122, 132 within the cavity 20. Supplemental heating may be provided by a separate heat source. Subsequently, during cooling of the injected PEEK, the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 122, 132 fuse together thereby bonding the connection member 106 to the pipe outer surface 108. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, because the cavity 120 is defined by recesses 114, 130 formed in both the pipe 104 and the connection member 106, axial interlocking of the connection member 106 to the pipe 104 will occur even in the absence of any fusing of the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 122, 132. Thus, use of recesses 114, 130 formed in both the pipe 104 and the connection member 106 may permit the pipe connection arrangement 102 of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) to withstand higher axial tensile loads than the pipe connection arrangement 2 of Figures 1(a) and 1(b). However, by fusing together the material of the filler material and that of the pipe 06 and connection member 106 by melting and solidifying and very robust connection may be provided.

Referring to Figures 4(a) and 4(b), there is shown a third embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 202 comprising a pipe 204 and a generally annular connection member 206 mounted on an outer surface 208 of the pipe 204. The embodiment of Figures 4(a) and 4(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 4(a) and 4(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "200". Like the pipe connection arrangement 2 of Figures 1(a) and 1(b), the pipe connection arrangement 202 of Figures 4(a) and 4(b) comprises an annular cavity 220 defined by a recess 214 formed on an inner surface 215 of the connection member 206 and an outer surface 208 of the pipe 204. However, the embodiment of Figures 4(a) and 4(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) in that the pipe 204 comprises radially oriented ports 240 formed through a sidewall 242 thereof so as to connect the annular cavity 220 to a bore 244 of the pipe 204 for injection of molten PEEK into the annular cavity 220 from the bore 244.

Referring to Figures 5(a) and 5(b), there is shown a fourth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 302 comprising a pipe 304 and a generally tubular connection member 306 mounted on an inner surface 346 of the pipe 304. The embodiment of Figures 5(a) and 5(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 5(a) and 5(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "300". The connection member 306 comprises an annular recess 314 formed on an outer surface 318 thereof. The recess 314 and the inner surface 346 of the pipe 304 together define an annular cavity 320. The pipe 304 comprises radially oriented ports 340 formed through a sidewall 342 thereof. The connection member 306 is axially aligned with the ports 340 so as to permit injection of molten PEEK into the annular cavity 320 via the ports 340. Referring to Figures 6(a) and 6(b), there is shown a fifth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 402 comprising a pipe 404 and a generally annular connection member 406 mounted on an outer surface 408 of the pipe 404. The embodiment of Figures 6(a) and 6(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 6(a) and 6(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "400". The embodiment of Figures 6(a) and 6(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) in that the connection member 406 comprises two axially extending recesses 414 formed on an inner surface 415 thereof. The recesses 414 and the outer surface 408 of the pipe 404 together define two axially extending cavities 420.

During assembly, molten PEEK is injected into the cavities 420 via ports 416 formed in the connection member 406. The injected PEEK contacts walls 422 of the recesses 414 of the connection member 406 and the outer surface 408 of the pipe 404 within the cavities 20 causing local melting (with optional additional heating) of the walls 422 and the outer surface 408 of the pipe 404 within the cavities 420. Subsequently, during cooling of the injected PEEK, the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the walls 422 of the recesses 414 of the connection member 406 and the pipe outer surface 408 fuse together thereby bonding the connection member 406 to the pipe outer surface 408. After cooling, the PEEK in such axial extending cavities 420 effectively provides spline portions projecting from the pipe outer surface 408 which lock the connection member 406 to the pipe 404 in the presence of torsional loads. The cavities 420 may be configured so that the pipe connection arrangement 402 withstands a predetermined torsional load. For example, the number, location andfar geometry of the cavities 420 may be configured so that the pipe connection arrangement 402 withstands a predetermined torsional load. One skilled in the art will appreciate that as well as withstanding a torsional load, the spline portions provided by the cooled PEEK in the cavities 420 may also axially interlock the connection member 406 and the pipe 404.

Referring to Figures 7(a) and 7(b), there is shown a sixth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 502 comprising a pipe 504 and a generally annular connection member 506 mounted on an outer surface 508 of the pipe 504. The embodiment of Figures 7(a) and 7(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 7(a) and 7(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) incremented by "400". The embodiment of Figures 7(a) and 7(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) in that the connection member 506 comprises two axially extending recesses 514 formed on an inner surface 515 thereof. Similarly, the pipe 504 comprises two axially extending recesses 530 formed on the outer surface 508 thereof. The recesses 514 formed on the inner surface 515 of the connection member 506 and the recesses 530 formed on the outer surface 508 of the pipe 504 are aligned so as to define two axially extending cavities 520.

During assembly, molten PEEK is injected into the cavities 520 defined by the recesses 514, 530 via ports 516. As for the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the injected PEEK contacts walls 522 of the recess 5 4 of the connection member 506 and walls 532 of the recess 530 of the pipe 504 within the cavity 520 causing local melting (with optional additional heating) of the recess walls 522, 532 within the cavity 520. Subsequently, during cooling of the injected PEEK, the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 522, 532 fuse together thereby bonding the connection member 506 to the pipe outer surface 508. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, because the cavity 520 is defined by recesses 514, 530 formed in both the pipe 504 and the connection member 506, circumferential interlocking of the connection member 506 to the pipe 504 will occur even in the absence of any fusing of the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 522, 532. Thus, use of recesses 514, 530 formed in both the pipe 504 and the connection member 506 may permit the pipe connection arrangement 502 of Figures 7(a) and 7(b) to withstand higher torsional loads than the pipe connection arrangement 402 of Figures 6(a) and 6(b).

Referring to Figures 8(a) and 8(b), there is shown a seventh embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 602 comprising a pipe 604 and a generally annular connection member 606 mounted on an outer surface 608 of the pipe 604. The embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "600". The embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) in that the connection member 606 comprises an annular recess 614 formed in an inner surface 615 thereof adjacent to an end face 650 thereof. The outer surface 608 of the pipe 604 and the annular recess 614 together define an annular cavity 620.

During assembly, a solid PEEK annular insert 660 is inserted in an axial direction as indicated by arrows 662 into the annular cavity 620. The insert 660 is subsequently melted using microwave energy, for example. On cooling, the PEEK material of the insert 660 fuses with the outer surface 608 of the pipe 604 and sidewalls 622 of the recess 614 of the connection member 606 in the annular cavity 620 thereby bonding the connection member 606 to the pipe 604.

Referring to Figures 9(a) and 9(b), there is shown an eighth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 702 comprising a pipe 704 and a generally annular connection member 706 mounted on an outer surface 708 of the pipe 704. The embodiment of Figures 9(a) and 9(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 9(a) and 9(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) incremented by "100". The embodiment of Figures 9(a) and 9(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 8(a) and 8(b) in that the connection member 606 comprises two axially extending recesses 714 formed in an inner surface 715 thereof adjacent to an end face 750 thereof. The outer surface 708 of the pipe 704 and the recesses 714 together define two axially extending cavities 720.

During assembly, two elongated solid PEEK inserts 760 are inserted in an axial direction as indicated by arrows 762 into a respective axially extending cavity 720. The inserts 760 are subsequently melted using microwave energy, for example. On cooling, the PEEK material of the inserts 760 fuses with the outer surface 708 of the pipe 704 and recess sidewalls 722 in the respective cavities 720 thereby bonding the connection member 706 to the pipe 704.

Referring to Figures 10(a) and 10(b), there is shown a ninth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 802 comprising a pipe 804 and a generally annular connection member 806 mounted on an outer surface 808 of the pipe 804. The embodiment of Figures 0(a) and 10(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) incremented by "800". Like the connection member 6 of the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b), the connection member 806 comprises a port 816 that extends from an annular recess 814 formed on an inner surface 815 of the connection member 806 to an outer surface 818 of the connection member 806. The embodiment of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) differs from the embodiment of Figures 1(a) and 1(b) in that the port 816 extends at an angle to a radial direction. The annular recess 814 and the outer surface 808 of the pipe 804 together define an annular cavity 820.

During assembly, a flexible or malleable elongated solid PEEK insert 860 is inserted via the port 816 as indicated by arrow 862 into the cavity 820. The insert 860 is subsequently melted using microwave energy, for example. On cooling, the PEEK material of the insert 860 fuses with the outer surface 808 of the pipe 804 and recess sidewalls 822 in the cavity 820 thereby bonding the connection member 806 to the pipe 804.

Referring to Figures 11(a) and 11(b), there is shown a tenth embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 902 comprising a pipe 904 and a generally annular connection member 906 mounted on an outer surface 908 of the pipe 904. The embodiment of Figures 11(a) and 11(b) shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figures 11(a) and 11(b) have reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) incremented by "100". The connection member 906 of Figures 11(a) and 11(b) differs from the connection member 806 of Figures 10(a) and 10(b) in that the connection member 906 comprises a helical recess 914 formed on an inner surface 915 of the connection member 806. The connection member 906 comprises a port 916 that extends from the helical recess 914 to an outer surface 918 of the connection member 906. The helical recess 914 and the outer surface 908 of the pipe 904 together define a helical cavity 920.

During assembly, a flexible or malleable elongated solid PEEK insert 960 is inserted via the port 916 as indicated by arrow 962 into the cavity 920. The insert 960 is subsequently melted using microwave energy, for example. On cooling, the PEEK material of the insert 960 fuses with the outer surface 908 of the pipe 904 and recess sidewalls 922 in the cavity 920 thereby bonding the connection member 906 to the pipe 904. In effect, the helical cavity 920 provides a helical PEEK projection which may provide both axial and circumferential locking of the connection member 906 with respect to the pipe 904. The angle of the helical recess 914 may, in particular, be selected to withstand a predetermined combined axial and torsional load. The helical cavity arrangement of Figure 11 may also be filled with molten filler material. Referring to Figure 12, there is shown an eleventh embodiment of a pipe connection arrangement generally designated 1002 comprising a first pipe 1004 and a connection member in the form of a second pipe 1006 mounted on an outer surface 1008 of the first pipe 1004. The embodiment of Figure 12 shares many like features with the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) and the features of the embodiment of Figure 12 has reference numerals given by the reference numerals of corresponding features of the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) incremented by "900". In contrast with the pipe connection arrangement 102 of Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the pipe connection arrangement 1002 of Figure 12 provides for direct pipe-to-pipe connection without requiring any additional components. The second pipe 1006 comprises an inner surface 1015 which fits over the outer surface 1008 of the first pipe 1004. The second pipe 1006 comprises a plurality of annular recesses 1014 formed on the inner surface 1015 thereof and a respective port 2016 extending from a respective recess 1014 to an outer surface 1018 of the second pipe 1006. The first pipe 1004 comprises a plurality of annular recesses 1030 formed on the outer surface 1008 thereof. The annular recesses 101 , 030 are aligned so as to define a plurality of annular cavities 1020.

During assembly, molten PEEK is injected into the cavities 1020 via ports 1016. As for the embodiment of Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the injected PEEK contacts walls 022 of the recesses 1014 of the second pipe 1006 and walls 1032 of the recesses 1030 of the first pipe 1004 within each cavity 1020 causing local melting (with optional additional heating) of the recess walls 1022, 1032 within the cavities 1020. Subsequently, during cooling of the injected PEEK, the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 1022, 1032 fuse together thereby bonding the second pipe 1006 directly to the first pipe 1008. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, because the cavities 1020 are defined by recesses 1014, 1030 formed in both the first and second pipes 1004, 1006, axial interlocking of the second pipe 1006 to the first pipe 1004 will occur even in the absence of any fusing of the injected PEEK and the PEEK of the recess walls 1022, 1032.

In the embodiments described above a separate component in the form of a connection member is secured to a pipe. However, the techniques described above, in any combination, may be used in securing any separate component to a pipe. Some examples of the types of separate components which may be secured using the methods described herein are shown in Figures 13 to 17.

Referring initially to Figure 13 a separate preformed component in the form of connection lug 1100 is secured to the outer surface of a pipe 1102 via a filled cavity 1104. The connection lug defines an eyelet 1106 which provides a point of connection to the pipe 1102, such as to connect lifting equipment, ballast, a tether or the like to the pipe 1102.

In Figure 14 a separate component in the form of a brace 1110 is secured to the outer surface of a pipe 1112 via a filled cavity 1114. The brace 1110 includes a plurality of circumferentially arranged through bores 1116 which function to accommodate separate conduits or cables 1118 (shown in broken outline). In this way the conduits or cables 1118 may be held in proximity to the pipe 1112. Such an arrangement may be used in, for example, certain riser configurations such as in drilling risers, hybrid risers and the like.

In Figure 15 a separate component in the form of a centraliser 1120 is secured to the outer surface of a pipe 1 122 via a filled cavity 1124. The centraliser may function to centralise and protect the pipe 112 when located within a bore.

Figure 16 illustrates a separate component in the form of a flow restriction 1130 secured to the inner surface of a pipe 1132 via a filled cavity 1134. The flow restriction may be provided to create a venture within the pipe 1132, for example.

Figure 17 illustrates a separate component in the form of a bend stiffener 1140 which is secured to the outer surface of a pipe 1142 via a plurality of filled cavities 1144. In the illustrated example the bend stiffener 1140 is located proximate an end region 1146 of the pipe 1142 which includes a connection member 1148 for use in connecting the pipe 1142 to a separate structure. The exemplary connection member 1148 illustrated is also secured to the pipe 1142 via a filled cavity 1150, although any connector design may be present. The bend stiffener 1140 defines a tapered structure, increasing in thickness towards the connection member 1148, and in use functions to provide an increasing global stiffness in this end region of the pipe 1142 to accommodate increased loading in this region when the pipe 1142 is connected to a separate structure.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications of the foregoing embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, rather than defining a cavity configured to provide a flange, spline or helical projection for interlocking a connection member to a pipe, the cavity may be configured so as to define one or more projections of any shape or size. For example, the cavity may be configured so as to define a tooth, taper, thread or the like.

It should be understood that the method of the present invention may be used to connect a preformed component formed of any material to a pipe. For example, the preformed component may be formed from a metal such as titanium, steel or aluminium or the like.

Where the pipe is formed of a composite material comprising a matrix material and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix, the filler material may comprise the same matrix material. For example, where the pipe is formed from a composite material comprising a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) matrix and one or more carbon reinforcing elements embedded within the PEEK matrix, the connection member may be formed from the same PEEK matrix.

The filler material may be injected as a liquid under controlled conditions, for example, under controlled pressure and/or temperature conditions.

The filler material may be heated before, during and/or after insertion using at least one of electromagnetic energy such as microwave radiation or optical radiation, an electric current, mechanical excitation, acoustic energy, a chemical reaction and the like.

The matrix of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise a polymer material.

The matrix of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise a thermoplastic material.

The matrix of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise a thermoset material.

The matrix of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise a polyaryl ether ketone, a polyaryl ketone, a polyether ketone (PEK), a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a polycarbonate or the like, or any suitable combination thereof. The matrix of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise a polymeric resin, such as an epoxy resin or the like.

The reinforcing elements of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise continuous or elongate elements. The reinforcing elements of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise any one or combination of polymeric fibres, for example aramid fibres, or non-polymeric fibres, for example carbon, glass or basalt elements or the like. The reinforcing elements may comprise fibres, strands, filaments, nanotubes or the like. The reinforcing elements of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may comprise discontinuous elements. The matrix and the reinforcing elements of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may be formed of similar or identical materials. For example, the reinforcing elements of at least one of the pipe, the preformed component and the filler material may be formed of the same material as the matrix, albeit in a fibrous, drawn, elongate form or the like.

Claims

1. A method for use in securing a component to a pipe, comprising:

providing a separate preformed component;

locating a filler material within the cavity; and

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preformed component comprises a connection member which when secured to the pipe is configured for use in connecting the pipe to a further structure.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preformed component comprises a further pipe, wherein the method is configured to provide a connection between the pipes.

4. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component defines a desired profile which is required to be provided on the pipe.

5. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component defines a structural feature of the pipe.

6. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising melting and solidifying only the filler material and the material of the pipe to fuse said filler material and pipe together.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising melting and solidifying only the filler material and the material of the preformed component to fuse said filler material and preformed component together.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising melting and solidifying the filler material, the material of the pipe and the material of the preformed component cause fusion therebetween.

9. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising injecting molten filler material into the cavity.

10. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising melting the filler material in situ within the cavity.

11. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising inserting solid filler material into the cavity and subsequently melting at least a portion of the filler material.

12. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising heating the filler material before, during and/or after insertion into the cavity.

13. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising melting the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component by heating with heat energy from molten filler material.

14. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising melting the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component by heat from an external source.

15. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component comprises a composite material formed of at least a matrix and a plurality of reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix.

16. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component comprises the same composite material as the pipe.

17. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component comprises the same matrix present in the composite material of the pipe.

18. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material comprises a material which is similar or identical to a material of one or both of the pipe and the preformed component.

19. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material comprises a material which is similar or identical to a matrix material of one or both of the pipe and the preformed component.

20. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material comprises a composite material formed of at least a matrix and one or more reinforcing elements embedded within the matrix.

21. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material comprises a composite material having the same matrix present in the composite material of the pipe.

22. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the filler material comprises a matrix material which is also present in a composite material of the preformed component.

23. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising providing a recess in both the composite pipe and the preformed component and aligning said recesses to least partially define the cavity.

24. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising configuring the or each recess so as to provide one or more features between the pipe and the preformed component so as to accommodate, withstand and/or transfer a force of a predetermined magnitude and/or direction between the pipe and the preformed component.

25. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising configuring the or each recess so as to at least partially define at least one of a radially extending cavity, an axially extending cavity, a circumferentially extending cavity and a helical cavity with respect to the pipe.

26. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component is configured for attachment to an external diameter of the pipe.

27. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the preformed component is configured for attachment to an internal diameter of the pipe.

28. The method according to any preceding claim, comprising providing at least one of the pipe and the preformed component with a port for filling the cavity with the filler material.

29. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the pipe defines an oilfield pipe.

30. A pipe assembly, comprising:

a separate preformed component mounted relative to the pipe;

wherein at least one of the pipe and the preformed component defines a recess at least partially forming a cavity therebetween, and said cavity includes a filler material which is fused by melting and solidifying with the material of at least one of the pipe and the preformed component.

31. A kit of parts comprising:

a filler material,

32. A method for use in forming a pipe connection arrangement, comprising:

33. A method for use in securing a component to a pipe, comprising: