CN105073684A - 介电陶瓷组合物以及介电元件 - Google Patents

介电陶瓷组合物以及介电元件 Download PDF

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CN105073684A
CN105073684A CN201480017478.3A CN201480017478A CN105073684A CN 105073684 A CN105073684 A CN 105073684A CN 201480017478 A CN201480017478 A CN 201480017478A CN 105073684 A CN105073684 A CN 105073684A
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井村友哉
田内刚士
古川正仁
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种5V/μm的DC偏置变化率非常小以至小到-15%以内,并且具有1000以上的比较高的相对介电常数的介电陶瓷组合物以及使用了该介电陶瓷组合物的介电元件。本发明所涉及的介电陶瓷组合物为由下述通式(1)所表示的复合氧化物,{[(BisNat)a(BiuKv)bBac]1-dAd}xTi1-dNbdO3?(1)[在通式(1)中,A表示选自Li、Na、K中的至少一种元素。a、b、c、d、s、t、u、v以及x分别是满足下述关系式的数字。]0.10≤a<0.950.00<b≤0.850.05≤c≤0.70a+b+c=10.10≤d≤0.500.90≤s+u≤1.000.45≤t≤0.500.45≤v≤0.500.95≤x≤1.05。

Description

介电陶瓷组合物以及介电元件
技术领域
本发明涉及介电陶瓷组合物以及使用了该介电陶瓷组合物的电子元件,更为详细的是涉及适宜用于额定电压比较高的中高压用途的介电陶瓷组合物以及介电元件。
背景技术
近年来,随着伴随电子电路的高密度化对电子元件小型化的要求提高,并且层叠陶瓷电容器的小型·大容量化在急速发展,从而用途也有所扩大并且所要求的特性也各种各样。
例如,在用于ECM[电子发动机电脑模块(engineelectriccomputermodule)]、燃料喷射装置、电子控制节流阀、变频器、转换器、高强度放电前照灯组合件(HIDheadlampunit)、混合动力引擎的电池控制单元、数字静物摄影机等设备的额定电压超过100V的中高压用电容器来中,在高电场强度条件下要求有高静电容量。
然而,现有的介电陶瓷组合物例如是以用在1V/μm左右的低电场强度的直流电压下为前提而设计的,因此被使用的层叠陶瓷电容器的薄层化不断发展,如果在高电场强度条件下使用,则会有相对于所施加的直流电场的静电容量的变化率(以下称之为DC偏置变化率)变大的问题。
如果DC偏置变化率大,则层叠陶瓷电容器的有效容量降低,并且变得不满足在设计阶段必需的静电容量,所以使用了该层叠陶瓷电容器的电子设备的工作会变得不稳定,进而可能发生变得不工作等的不良状况。
因此,在以在高电场条件下的使用为目的的电容器中,希望DC偏置变化率小,另外,在施加高电场时最好使用具有高介电常数的介电陶瓷组合物。还有,在此所说的“高电场”例如是指5V/μm的电场强度,高介电常数例如是指1000。
为了解决上述的技术问题,在下述的专利文献1中公开有下述介电陶瓷组合物,其特征为:含有由碱金属氧化物的含量为0.02重量%以下的选自钛酸钡、氧化铕、氧化钆、氧化铽、氧化镝、氧化钬、氧化铒、氧化铥以及氧化镱中的至少1种、锆酸钡、氧化镁和氧化锰构成并且由下述组成式(BaO)mTiO2+αR2O3+βBaZrO3+γMgO+gMnO(式中,R2O3是选自Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Tb2O3、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3以及Yb2O3中的至少1种,α、β、γ以及g表示摩尔比,且它们分别在0.001≤α≤0.06;0.005≤β≤0.06;0.001<γ≤0.12;0.001<g≤0.12;γ+g≤0.13;1.000<m≤1.035的范围内)所表示的主成分,并且相对于上述主成分100摩尔含有以SiO2进行换算为0.2~5.0摩尔作为副成分的氧化硅。
然而,将如专利文献1所示的介电陶瓷组合物作为介电体的陶瓷电容器虽然相对介电常数比较大,为1500左右,但是由于5V/μm的DC偏置变化率大至-45%以内,所以期望DC偏置特性进一步改善。
另外,在专利文献2中公开有如下述介电陶瓷组合物,其特征为:是一种含有Ca、Sr、Mg、Mn以及稀土元素,并且在A位的一部分被该Ca置换的钙钛矿型钛酸钡结晶颗粒(BCT型结晶颗粒)中含有上述Ca、Sr、Mg、Mn以及稀土元素中的至少一部分固溶而构成的主结晶颗粒,并且Al元素的含量以氧化物进行换算为0.01质量%以下的介电陶瓷;上述主结晶颗粒是一种Ca浓度在颗粒表面侧大于颗粒中心,并且Sr、Mg、Mn以及稀土元素偏在于颗粒表面侧的核壳型结构,平均粒径为0.1~0.5μm。
然而,如专利文献2所表示的BCT型的介电陶瓷组合物中,由于其相对介电常数大至2500以上,但是5V/μm的DC偏置变化率大到-70%以内,所以不能说DC偏置特性良好。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开平11-322414号公报
专利文献2:日本专利特开2006-206362号公报
发明内容
发明想要解决的技术问题
本发明是鉴于这样的实际状况完成的,其目的在于提供一种适宜用于额定电压比较高的中高压用途且5V/μm的DC偏置变化率会非常小,为-15%以内,而且具有1000以上的比较高的相对介电常数的介电陶瓷组合物,以及使用了该介电陶瓷组合物的介电元件。
解决技术问题的手段
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种由下述通式(1)表示的复合氧化物的介电陶瓷组合物。
{[(BisNat)a(BiuKv)bBac]1-dAd}xTi1-dNbdO3(1)
在通式(1)中,A表示选自Li、Na、K中的至少一种元素。a、b、c、d、s、t、u、v以及x分别是满足下述关系式的数字。
0.10≤a<0.95
0.00<b≤0.85
0.05≤c≤0.70
a+b+c=1
0.10≤d≤0.50
0.90≤s+u≤1.00
0.45≤t≤0.50
0.45≤v≤0.50
0.95≤x≤1.05
本发明的介电陶瓷组合物通过具有上述构成,从而5V/μm的DC偏置变化率非常小,为-15%以内,并且能够获得1000以上的比较高的相对介电常数。
另外,本发明提供一种具备上述介电陶瓷组合物的介电元件。
这样的介电元件由于具备上述介电陶瓷组合物,因而对于在施加了高电场的情况下需要大的介电常数的,例如被用于高电场施加电路中的电路保护用等的电容器来说有用。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种适宜被用于额定电压比较高的中高压用途且5V/μm的DC偏置变化率会非常小,为-15%以内,且具有1000以上的比较高的相对介电常数的介电陶瓷组合物,以及使用了该介电陶瓷组合物的介电元件。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明所述的介电元件的优选的一个实施方式。
图2是表示本发明所述的介电元件的其它实施方式的截面图。
符号说明
1……介电体2、3……电极5……层叠体
6A、6B……内部电极层7……介电体层8……素体
9、10……保护层11A、11B……端子电极
100……介电元件200……层叠介电元件
具体实施方式
以下根据不同情况参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。另外,在各个图面上,对相同或同等的要素标注相同的符号,并省略重复的说明。
图1是表示本发明所涉及的介电元件的优选的一个实施方式。图1所表示的介电元件100形成具备了圆盘状的介电体1、形成于该介电体1的两面的一对电极2和3的电容器。
介电体1是由以下述通式(1)所表示的介电陶瓷组合物来形成的。
{[(BisNat)a(BiuKv)bBac]1-dAd}xTi1-dNbdO3(1)
在通式(1)中,A表示选自Li、Na、K中的至少一种元素。a、b、c、d、s、t、u、v以及x分别是满足下述式子的数字。
0.10≤a<0.95
0.00<b≤0.85
0.05≤c≤0.70
a+b+c=1
0.10≤d≤0.50
0.90≤s+u≤1.00
0.45≤t≤0.50
0.45≤v≤0.50
0.95≤x≤1.05
这样的介电陶瓷组合物通过具有上述构成,从而既能够使相对介电常数成为1000以上,又能够使5V/μm的DC偏置变化率减小到非常小以至-15%以内。
本发明的介电陶瓷是铁电体以及反铁电体组合物的组合,通过具有该特定的组合从而能够获得相对介电常数比较高且DC偏置特性良好的介电陶瓷组合物。
如果a、b、c偏离了上述范围,则相对介电常数变成1000以下且5V/μm的DC偏置变化率变成-15%以上,而且耐电压会降低,所以不优选。
在d小于0.10的情况下DC偏置特性变差,并且如果变成大于0.50则介电常数会小于1000,所以不优选。
如果s+u、t、v偏离了上述范围,则会生成缺陷,且不能够获得充分的烧结密度,会发生电荷泄漏,并且耐电压降低,所以不优选。
如果x小于0.95或者超过1.05,则不能够获得充分的烧结密度,绝缘电阻变低,所以难以施加高电压来使用。
从作为介电陶瓷组合物而在实用上获得充分的介电常数等的观点出发,由通式(1)表示的复合氧化物的含量以介电陶瓷组合物全体作为基准优选为90质量%以上,余量中除了顺电体陶瓷组合物等副成分之外,也可以包含可能在制作工艺上混入的P和Zr等杂质。
在此,介电陶瓷组合物的组成例如能够用X射线荧光分析或ICP发光光谱分析来测定。
上述介电陶瓷组合物的相对密度优选具有95%以上的相对密度。在此,在本说明书中,相对密度是指相对于理论密度的密度的实测值。另外,理论密度是根据由X线衍射求得的晶格常数和从假定完全结晶而求得的化学计量比来计算的。介电陶瓷组合物的相对密度例如能够由阿基米德法来测定。在此,介电陶瓷组合物的相对密度能够通过改变烧成温度或烧成时间来进行调整。
接下来,针对图1所示的介电元件的制造方法的一个例子作如下说明。
首先,作为介电体1的出发原料准备氧化铋(Bi2O3)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、碳酸钡(BaCO3)、氧化钛(TiO2)以及氧化铌(Nb2O5)等的粉末。
然后,称取上述粉末原料使得正式烧成后的介电陶瓷组合物(烧结体)满足本实施方式所涉及的介电陶瓷组合物的组成。
接下来,通过球磨机等来将称量好的各原料粉末进行湿式混合。于是,通过将由湿式混合获得的混合物进行煅烧从而获得煅烧物。在此,煅烧通常是在空气中实施的。另外,煅烧温度优选为700~900℃,煅烧时间优选为1~10小时。
在用球磨机等将所获得的煅烧物进行湿式粉碎后,通过使其干燥从而获得煅烧物粉体。接下来,向所获得的煅烧物粉体中添加少量的粘结剂,通过压制成形,从而获得成形体。在此,成形压力优选为5t/cm2左右。成形体的形状不特别限制,例如可以做成平面尺寸为φ17mm,厚度为1mm左右的圆板状成形体。
然后,通过烧成所获得的成形体从而得到介电陶瓷组合物样品。在此,烧成通常是在空气中实施的。另外,烧成温度优选为950~1300℃,烧成时间优选为2~10小时。
接下来,在所获得的介电陶瓷组合物样品的两面形成银等的金属电极。电极的形成是由蒸镀、溅射、烧附、无电解镀等方法来进行。
图2是表示本发明所涉及的介电元件的其它实施方式的截面图。图2所示的层叠型介电元件200具备长方体形状的层叠体5、分别形成于该层叠体5的相对的端面上的一对端子电极11A、11B。
层叠体5由内部电极层(电极层)6A、6B夹着介电体层7交互层叠而形成的素体8、以从其层叠方向的两端面侧(图中上下方向)夹入该素体8的形式设置的一对保护层9以及10构成。在素体8中,介电体层7和内部电极6A、6B交互层叠。
介电体层7是由本发明所涉及的介电陶瓷组合物构成的层。
介电体层7的每1层的厚度能够被任意设定,例如能够做成1~100μm。
内部电极层6A、6B是以分别平行的方式被设置的。内部电极层6A以一个端部露出于层叠体5中的形成了端子电极11A的端面的方式而形成。另外,内部电极层6B是以一个端部露出于层叠体5中的形成了端子电极11B的端面的方式而形成。进一步,内部电极层6A和内部电极层6B是以它们的大部分在层叠方向上互相重叠的方式被配置。
作为内部电极层6A、6B的材质例如可以使用Au、Pt或者Ag等的金属。
端子电极11A、11B在设置了它们的层叠体5的端面上分别与露出于该端面的内部电极层6A、6B的端部相接触。这样,端子电极11A、11B分别与内部电极层6A、6B相电连接。该端子电极11A、11B可以由将Ag、Au、Cu等作为主成分的导电材料来构成。端子电极11A、11B的厚度可以根据用途或层叠型介电元件的尺寸等来适当设定,例如可以做成10~50μm。
以上针对本实施方式的介电陶瓷组合物以及介电元件进行了说明,但是该介电陶瓷组合物由于在施加了高电场的时候的DC偏置特性良好,所以例如能够适合地用于额定电压比较高的中高压电容器。
另外,本发明并不限定于上述实施方式。例如,在上述介电元件中,作为介电陶瓷组合物以外的构成,可以使用公知的构成。另外,例如在上述介电元件的制造中,能够由水热合成法等来制造该煅烧物粉体。另外,作为前驱体,可以制作(BiNa)TiO3、(BiK)TiO3、BaTiO3以及NaNbO3,并进行混合、烧结。
实施例
以下使用实施例和比较例来进一步详细地说明本发明。但是,本发明并不限定于以下的实施例。
(实施例1~26、比较例1~16)
为了制作介电陶瓷组合物,作为出发原料准备了氧化铋(Bi2O3)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)、碳酸钾(K2CO3)、碳酸钡(BaCO3)、氧化钛(TiO2)以及氧化铌(Nb2O5)的粉末。对于实施例15除了上述之外还进一步准备了碳酸锂(Li2CO3)的粉末。对于实施例16、17,除上述之外还准备了碳酸钾(K2CO3)的粉末。
称取上述粉末原料使得正式烧成后的介电陶瓷组合物(烧结体)满足表1的组成。另外,在此,表1中a、b、c、d、s+u、t、v以及x分别表示下述通式(1)中的a、b、c、d、s+u、t、v以及x的数值。对于实施例15~17以外的实施例以及比较例,A成分为Na,实施例15的A成分为Li,实施例16的A成分为K,实施例17的A为Na以及K。
{[(BisNat)a(BiuKv)bBac]1-dAd}xTi1-dNbdO3(1)
接下来,在用球磨机将称量好的各原料粉末进行湿式混合之后,在空气中在850℃下将所获得的混合物进行2小时的煅烧从而获得煅烧物。然后,用球磨机将所获得的煅烧物进行湿式粉碎从而获得了煅烧物粉体。接下来,将少量粘结剂添加到煅烧物粉体中,并在大约5t/cm2的压力下成形,从而制得平面尺寸为φ17mm以及厚度为1mm的圆板状成形体。
接下来,在空气中以烧成温度为950~1300℃、烧成时间为2~10小时的范围内、相对密度成为95%的条件将所获得的成形体进行烧成,从而获得介电陶瓷组合物样品。对所获得的介电陶瓷样品进行密度测定,结果所有的样品的密度相对于理论密度为95%以上。
分析所获得的介电陶瓷组合物样品的组成,结果与称量的组成比相等。
将Ag电极蒸镀于所获得的介电陶瓷组合物样品的两面并制作了介电元件。
在最大施加电场为Emax=5V/μm的条件下将所获得的各个介电元件的DC偏置特性进行测定。
另外,对各个介电元件施加10V/μm的直流电场并实施了耐电压试验。
将在室温25℃下的相对介电常数以及DC偏置特性示于表1中。另外,表中的直线部分表示在测定时电荷泄漏,所以没有获得数值。另外,表中的耐电压试验的项中,没有绝缘破坏的以○表示;绝缘破坏了的则以×表示。相对介电常数为1000以上且5V/μm的DC偏置变化率为-15%以内,并且在10V/μm的直流电场下绝缘没有破坏的被判断为良好。
由以上可以确认,实施例1~26的介电陶瓷组合物其DC偏置变化率小并且施加高电场时的介电常数在实用上充分大。

Claims (2)

1.一种介电陶瓷组合物,其特征在于:
具有下述通式(1)的组成,
{[(BisNat)a(BiuKv)bBac]1-dAd}xTi1-dNbdO3(1)
在通式(1)中,A表示选自Li、Na、K中的至少一种元素,a、b、c、d、s、t、u、v以及x分别是满足下述式子的数,
0.10≤a<0.95,
0.00<b≤0.85,
0.05≤c≤0.70,
a+b+c=1,
0.10≤d≤0.50,
0.90≤s+u≤1.00,
0.45≤t≤0.50,
0.45≤v≤0.50,
0.95≤x≤1.05。
2.一种介电元件,其特征在于:
具备权利要求1所述的介电陶瓷组合物。
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