CN1050555A - 防止灰尘粘附气化器壁的方法 - Google Patents

防止灰尘粘附气化器壁的方法 Download PDF

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CN1050555A
CN1050555A CN90108035A CN90108035A CN1050555A CN 1050555 A CN1050555 A CN 1050555A CN 90108035 A CN90108035 A CN 90108035A CN 90108035 A CN90108035 A CN 90108035A CN 1050555 A CN1050555 A CN 1050555A
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CN1027077C (zh
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曾我邦雄
冈田一夫
田中憲明
十龟盛男
辻野敏男
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466Entrained flow processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943Coke
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959Oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973Water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/02Slagging producer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/07Slurry

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种在气化器中用部分氧化反应气化石油焦工 艺中防止灰尘粘附气化器壁的方法。把石油焦同 10-30wt·%(按石油焦与煤的总重计)的煤混合,在 高于所说煤灰熔点的气化温度下使所说混合物气 化。

Description

本发明涉及防止在石油焦和煤的混合物气化时灰尘粘附气化器壁的方法。
煤和石油焦等固体燃料通常按加水湿法粉碎为料浆,然后用氧部分氧化使获得的料浆气化。人们知道,由于煤的挥发分含量为45-55%,而石油焦的挥发分含量低达8-14%,所以石油焦的可燃性比煤低得多。据认为,煤和石油焦的混合物气化时,可燃性高的煤会妨碍可燃性低的石油焦的燃烧。因而石油焦的可燃性进一步降低。
鉴于这一原因,在现有技术中,不把石油焦同另一固体燃料按适当比例混合,也不对此种混合物进行气化。即仅气化石油焦。然而,这一方法的缺点在于石油焦灰尘的熔点一般不低于1600℃,此灰尘会粘附在并沉积到气化器内壁上,所以不可能进行长期运行。此外,石油焦的可燃性差,如果为了改进燃烧性而将气化温度升高,则粘附到内壁上的灰尘量会进一步增加。
因此,本发明的目的是克服本技术领域内的上述问题并提供一种防止灰尘粘附于气化器壁上的方法,该方法能降低未燃烧的碳量并能保证长期良好运行。
为了实现本发明的目的,将10-30wt.%的煤与石油焦混合以使当煤灰在气化器内熔化并向下流动时,石油焦灰随同煤灰一起下流,借以防止石油焦灰粘附到气化器壁上。
按照本发明防止灰尘粘附到气化器壁上的方法,在气化器中通过部分氧化法气化石油焦时,把10-30wt.%的煤与石油焦混合,并把气化温度提高到煤灰的熔点以上。上述10-30%重量比是煤的重量同煤和石油焦总重量之比。
通过在煤灰熔点(1,300-1,350℃)以上的温度(1,400-1,450℃)下,在气化器中气化石油焦和煤的混合物,使煤灰熔化,并且在气化器壁表面上向下流动。石油焦灰被熔化的煤灰捕集并随其一起下流。这些灰尘在骤冷室中冷却并固化后以炉渣的形式从气化器底排出。
由于将气化温度提高到1,400-1,450℃,石油焦的可燃性得到了改善,因此能将石油中未燃烧的碳量(进入气化器中的碳量同转化为气体的碳量之差)降低到送入气化器中碳量的4-9wt.%。
结合附图阅读下述优选实施方案的描述,将会清楚地了解本发明的上述目的和其他目的、特点和优点。
本发明的实施方案示于图1和2,其中
图1是适于实施本发明方法的流程图;
图2为未燃烧的碳比例和粘附的灰尘比例同石油焦和煤的混合比之间的关系曲线。
本发明的一个具体实施方案示于图1和图2,其中的图1是适于实施本发明方法的流程图,本发明方法叫作德士古(Texaco)法,它利用湿法把固体燃料粉碎为料浆并用氧部分氧化法将其气化。图2是未燃烧碳的比例和粘附灰的比例同石油焦和煤的混合比之间的关系曲线。
参见图1,把石油焦20(石油焦灰的熔点在1,800℃左右)同适量水一道送入粉磨机1中以便用湿法粉碎,其后以石油焦-水-料浆的形式经管线22送入料浆槽。
煤21(煤灰的熔点在1,350℃左右)同适量水一道送入粉磨机2中以便用和处理石油焦20同样的方式用湿法粉碎,尔后以煤-水-料浆的形式经管线23送入料浆槽。
料浆槽3备有搅拌器3a,分别由粉磨机1和2供给的石油焦-水-料浆和煤-水-料浆在料浆槽3中彼此混合形成石油焦-煤-水-料浆。当然可以事先按预定比例混合煤和石油焦并且用一个粉磨机把此混合物粉碎为料浆。
然后把石油焦-煤-水-料浆经管线12送入燃烧器5,继而同40-60%的氧(按燃烧石油焦和煤的理论需氧量计)一道送入气化器6,在6中使之于1,200-1,500℃左右的温度下气化(部分氧化)。气化器中的压力优选20-80大气压左右(2.0×106-8.1×106帕)。
气化器6上部衬以耐火材料7a形成一反应室7。气化器6下部有骤冷室8。反应室7和骤冷室8借助喉管9相连。经管线13向骤冷室8供给骤冷用水,使骤冷室8中的水位保持在适当高度。在骤冷室8中间轴设置圆柱形浸入管10和圆柱形引流管11,使此两根管的下端部浸在水下。
反应室7中产生的气体经喉管9、浸入管10吹入骤冷室8的水中。其后将所说气体经设置在水平面上方的排气口14a和管线14送到下一个设备(未画出)。当气体吹入骤冷室8的水中时,由石油焦20和煤21的混合料浆气化产生的灰和未燃烧的碳被水骤冷,从而变为细渣并被水捕集。这样产生的淤浆经连接在骤冷室8侧壁上的管线15排出。含相对较粗颗粒的所谓的粗渣从骤冷室8底部的管线16排出。
下面将说明在具有上述结构的气化器中气化石油焦和煤的混合料浆期间防止灰尘粘附到气化器壁上的情况。
首先说明仅仅气化石油焦的情形。石油焦含灰量为0.3-1wt.%,此灰含三价的钒。
钒在还原气氛中的熔点是1,800℃,此温度值一般比石油焦的气化温度(1,200-1,500℃)高。因此,当石油焦气化时,此灰不熔化并且粘附到反应室7的耐火材料7a的表面上使灰分沉积。沉积和生长的灰块堵塞气化器6的喉管9。
作为对策,可以采用这样一种方法来防止灰尘粘附在气化器壁上,即把气化的温度降到1,350℃左右,气化压力降到39Kg/cm2左右以便减小石油焦中所含碳的反应比例并产生大量未燃烧的碳,使灰尘粘附到这些未燃烧的碳上。
然而,即使此法不能完全防止灰尘粘附到气化器壁上,但毕竟还是将粘附的灰尘比例降到某种程度。另一方面,未燃烧碳的比例增加到15-19wt.%。
可是,经证实:当气化的温度为1,420℃、气化压力为38kg/cm2(3.8×106帕左右)时,如果煤与石油焦的混合比增加,尽管未燃烧碳的比例增加,但是粘附到气化器壁上的灰尘比例却降低了,还经证实2如果把煤的混合比降低,仅管未燃烧碳的比例降低了,但粘附到气化器壁上灰尘的比例有增加的趋势。
因此,在本发明中,根据图2所示的数据把煤与石油焦按煤与石油焦和煤总量之比为10-30wt.%的比例混合,这样当石油焦气化时,即防止了灰尘粘附到气化器壁上,又降低了未燃烧的碳量。
当煤与石油焦的混合比不低于30%时,没有灰尘粘附到气化器壁上,但产生的未燃烧碳之比例却会明显增加。
其原因是:由于煤的挥发性成分含量是45-55%,石油焦的挥发性成分含量低到8-14%,所以石油焦的可燃性比煤低,当煤和石油焦的混合物气化时,可燃性高的煤阻止可燃性低的石油焦的燃烧,所产生的未燃烧的煤量随煤混合比的增加而增加。
当煤与石油焦的混合比不超过10%时,由于煤的混合比低,所产生的未燃烧的碳量减小而不受其可燃性差异的影响。然而,由于煤灰量小,所以它不足以捕集石油焦灰,因而使附到气化器壁上的灰量增加。
在上述煤与石油焦的混合比下,估计煤灰熔点在1,350℃左右。也可以使用熔点高于1,350℃的煤。在这种情况下,必须把反应室7的温度提高到比上述气化温度更高的温度。
虽然在这一具体实施方案中,在气化器6中将石油焦和煤的混合物进行气化。但是本发明并不限于此,采用石油沥青和煤的混合物可得到几乎一样的结果。
根据本发明,反应室中的部分氧化温度最好比煤灰熔点(T)高30-100℃。即反应室的温度最好不低于(T+30℃),不高于(T+100℃)。
虽然已对目前视为本发明的优选实施方案作了介绍,但是应当知道,也可对其进行各种修改,而且本申请的权利要求包括属于在本发明的构思和范围内的全部这类修改。

Claims (5)

1、一种通过部分氧化反应在气化器内气化石油焦工艺中防止灰尘粘附到气化器壁的方法,其特征在于将所说的石油焦与相当石油焦和煤的总量10-30wt·%的煤混合,并且在高于所说煤灰熔点的气化温度下使这样获得的混合物气化。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所说气化器备有反应室和骤冷室,反应室中送入的所说石油焦和/或所说煤被部分氧化,骤冷室中装有水并通过所说气化器的喉管与所说反应室的下部相连接,在所说反应室中的气体从所说喉管出来经浸入管吹入所说水中使之骤冷,所说灰尘、未燃烧的碳和渣被所说水捕集。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中用湿法把所说石油焦和煤粉碎为料浆,并把所说料浆送入所说气化器。
4、根据权利要求2或3的方法,其中所说气化器的所说反应室中的温度比所说煤灰的熔点高30-100℃。
5、根据权利要求2、3和4中任何一项权利要求的方法,其中供氧量为燃烧所说石油焦和煤所需的理论需氧量的40-60%。
CN90108035A 1989-09-29 1990-09-28 防止灰尘粘附汽化器壁的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1027077C (zh)

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US4995193A (en) 1991-02-26

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