CN105041474B - 具有转子的废气涡轮增压器及其径向轴承衬 - Google Patents

具有转子的废气涡轮增压器及其径向轴承衬 Download PDF

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CN105041474B
CN105041474B CN201510098030.5A CN201510098030A CN105041474B CN 105041474 B CN105041474 B CN 105041474B CN 201510098030 A CN201510098030 A CN 201510098030A CN 105041474 B CN105041474 B CN 105041474B
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吕迪格·克莱因施密特
乌尔里希·肖
亚历山大·博伊尔勒
托马斯·施特里德尔迈尔
约而格·埃克特
克里斯托弗·布切尔
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Boma Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/022—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with a pair of essentially semicircular bearing sleeves
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/18—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with floating brasses or brushing, rotatable at a reduced speed
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/046—Brasses; Bushes; Linings divided or split, e.g. half-bearings or rolled sleeves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/08—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles
    • F16C35/10—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers for spindles with sliding-contact bearings
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/26—Systems consisting of a plurality of sliding-contact bearings
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括转子(2)的废气涡轮增压器(1)，所述废气涡轮增压器(1)的轴(3)经由两个径向轴承衬(4,5)被安装在轴承箱(6)中。在此情况下，本发明的实质在于：每个径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向所述轴(3)的内表面(7)上包括单个斜面(9)，安装状态的所述径向轴承衬彼此面对；或者每个径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向所述轴(3)的内表面(7)上包括两个斜面(8，9)，其中安装状态的彼此面对的所述斜面(9)大于安装状态的彼此背向的所述斜面(8)。

Description

具有转子的废气涡轮增压器及其径向轴承衬
技术领域
本发明涉及包括转子的废气涡轮增压器，所述废气涡轮增压器的轴经由两个径向轴承衬安装在轴承箱中。本发明还涉及用于此类废气涡轮增压器的径向轴承衬。
背景技术
在运行期间，废弃涡轮增压器被暴露于远超过100000rpm的转速下。通常，将液体动压轴承用作径向轴承，包括两个漂浮的轴承衬或者所谓的单衬套安装。在此情况下，流体动力安装的不期望的特性为轴的不稳定的旋转运动以及转子的旋转运动可通过形成在轴承衬和转子的轴之间的油膜的流动效果出现，由此，在最差的情况下，转子进行搅拌或摆动运动。为了降低该风险，理想的是利用两个衬套的安装来将两个径向轴承衬轴向相隔尽可能远地布置，然而，由于轴承箱的结构外周条件，这只能至有限的程度。
本发明解决了为普通类型的废气涡轮增压器提供至少可替代的实施方式，其特征特别在于，转子安装的改善。
发明内容
本发明基于以下总体思想：形成两个径向轴承衬，用于在其面向轴的内表面上，将转子的轴安装在废气涡轮增压器的轴承箱中，该轴承衬具有单个斜面或者具有大小不同的两个斜面，其中在后一种情况下，安装状态中的彼此面对的斜面比安装状态中彼此背向的斜面大。通过第一实施方式，其中每个径向轴承衬在其面向轴的内表面上仅具有单个斜面，这些斜面在安装状态下彼此面对。两个实施方式均能实现两个径向轴承衬彼此之间较大的轴向间距，由此能实现安装的改善，特别是对于转子易摆动方面。由于两个径向轴承衬进一步隔开定位且之间具有较大的轴向间距的事实，由此在整个转速范围内可实现显著改善的废气涡轮增压器的静音运行。
实际地，每个径向轴承衬包括至少一个进油孔，该进油孔径向地贯穿径向轴承衬。通过这种进油孔，能润滑相应的径向轴承，特别是产生油膜，这对于径向轴承衬和轴或者轴承箱之间所需的安装至关重要。在此情况下，进油孔可被布置在相对于相应的径向轴承衬的内表面的中心中，由此被布置在相对于外表面的偏心中。纯理论上，各个进油孔的不对称布置由此是可能的。
实际地，径向轴承衬分别通过固定元件沿轴向固定。所述固定元件例如可形成为弹性垫圈、转子的轴上的径向台阶或者止推垫圈，并且在此情况下用于限制相应的径向轴承衬的可能的轴向移动。因为在废气涡轮增压器运行期间，根据操作点，各个径向轴承衬大约以轴的转速的半转速旋转，至少径向轴承衬的轻微轴向移动也是可能的或者是理想的。然而，为了能一直确保轴承功能，各个径向轴承衬的过度的轴向膨胀是不期望的，因为设置在径向轴承衬中的进油孔不再与轴承箱中相应的油道对齐，由此在某些条件下，会破坏径向轴承的油供给。
在根据本发明方案的另一有利实施方式中，在固定元件上设置有斜面，该斜面促进油从位于径向轴承衬和轴之间的环形间隙中排出。利用该进油孔，油在各个径向轴承衬的内表面和轴的柱面之间以及在径向轴承衬的外表面和轴承箱之间传递，使得在这些区域中产生轴承润滑油膜。该轴承润滑油膜沿轴向排出，或者它通过轴的旋转运动沿轴向移位。为了能可靠地防止降低轴承功能的摩擦运动，在根据本发明的固定元件上设置斜面，由此从轴向位于轴和径向轴承衬之间的环形间隙中排出的油膜沿径向方向被传输至外部，特别被传输至径向轴承衬和相联的固定元件的各个端面之间的环形间隙中。在该环形间隙中，由此类似地产生油膜，该油膜使轴，和由此使废气涡轮增压器的转子沿轴向安装。
此外，本发明基于以下总体思想：为根据前述段落中的任一段所述的废气涡轮增压器提供根据本发明的径向轴承衬，所述径向轴承衬在其面向废气涡轮增压器的轴的内表面上具有单个斜面，或者具有两个大小不同的斜面。纯理论地，在此情况下，径向轴承衬可被形成为相同的部件，其中在安装至废气涡轮增压器中时，必须自始至终确保在只具有单个斜面的径向轴承衬的情况下，安装状态的径向轴承衬彼此面对，且在具有两个大小不同的斜面的径向轴承衬的情况下，安装状态的径向轴承衬的斜面中各个较小的那个斜面彼此背向。由此，在相同的周围条件下，能增大两个径向轴承衬之间的轴向间距，由此轴以及废气涡轮增压器的转子在相同的安装空间中具有较宽的支撑，并由此产生减少的摆动移动。这种摆动移动尤其对于废气涡轮增压器的静音运行必须被特别严格地考虑。
应理解，上述特征以及下文中仍将解释的特征不仅可以以上述各个组合使用，还可以以其它组合使用，或者分别使用，而不背离本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明的优选示例性实施方式示于附图中，并在以下说明中得到更详细地解释，其中相同的附图标记指代相同或相似或功能相同的组件。
在此，在每种情况下示意性示出了：
图1：根据现有技术的包括转子的废气涡轮增压器，该转子的轴经由两个径向轴承衬被安装在轴承箱中；
图2：如图1中的图示，然而包括根据本发明的只有单个斜面的径向轴承衬；
图3：如图1中的图示，然而包括根据本发明的有两个不同大小的斜面的径向轴承衬；
图4：如图2中的图示，然而包括另外的固定元件。
具体实施方式
根据图1，根据现有技术的废气涡轮增压器1’包括转子2’，该转子2’的轴3’经由两个径向轴承衬4’和5’被安装在轴承箱6’中。这两个径向轴承衬4’和5’分别在其面向轴3’的内表面7’上具有两个斜面8’和9’，其中斜面8’和9’形成为具有相同尺寸。这产生了两个内表面7’的中心轴向间距L0。
根据图2至图4，根据本发明的废气涡轮增压器1类似地包括转子2，该转子2的轴3经由两个径向轴承衬4、5被安装在轴承箱6中。与图1相比，在此情况下，附图标记以没有撇号书写。参见图2，当前明显的是根据本发明的两个径向轴承衬4、5中的每一个在其面向轴3的内表面7上只具有单个斜面9，该斜面在安装状态下彼此面对。根据图2，根据现有技术设置的位于外部的斜面8’未设置径向轴承衬4、5。这产生了两个内表面7的中心轴向间距L1，该中心轴向间距L1明显大于根据现有技术的废气涡轮增压器1’的情况下的轴向间距L0，使得根据图2的根据本发明的具有废气涡轮增压器1的转子2具有较宽的安装，并由此可降低转子2的摆动移动的风险。
替代于根据图2所示的根据本发明的径向轴承衬4、5或者废气涡轮增压器1的实施方式，根据图3的两个径向轴承衬4、5在其面向轴3的内表面7上具有两个斜面8、9，其中安装状态下彼此面对的斜面9比安装状态下彼此背向的斜面8大。这导致径向轴承衬4、5的两个内表面7的中心轴向间距L2大于根据现有技术的废气涡轮增压器1’的情况下的中心轴向间距L0，但小于根据图2的根据本发明的废气涡轮增压器1的情况下的中心轴向间距L1。在此情况下，中心轴向间距L总是与径向轴承衬4、5的各个内表面7的轴向中心线相关。
参见图2至图3，明显的是每个径向轴承衬4、5包括进油孔10，该进油孔10贯穿径向轴承衬4、5，并将油引导至位于各个径向轴承衬4、5的轴3和内表面7之间的环形间隙，用于形成润滑膜。在此情况下，进油孔10优选被布置在相对于内表面7的中心中，由此不是布置在相对于各个径向轴承衬4、5的外表面11的中心中。
参见根据图4的废气涡轮增压器1，明显的是径向轴承衬4、5分别被固定元件12沿轴向13固定。固定元件12例如可被设计为弹性垫圈、转子2或轴3的径向台阶14或者止推垫圈15。在任何速率下，其限制各个径向轴承衬4、5的轴向自由移动。在固定元件12上，另外可设置斜面16，该斜面16促进油从位于径向轴承衬4、5和轴3之间的环形间隙中排出，由此还导致在固定元件12和各个径向轴承衬4、5的端面之间形成轴承润滑油膜。
显然，本申请不仅要保护作为整体的废气涡轮增压器1，还要保护例如可作为替代部件提供的径向轴承衬4、5。
根据本发明的轴承衬4、5以及废气涡轮增压器1能实现两个径向轴承衬4、5与相联的内表面7之间的较大的中心轴向间距L，由此特别能减小转子2的摆动趋势。

Claims (5)

1.一种包括转子(2)的废气涡轮增压器(1)，所述废气涡轮增压器(1)的轴(3)经由两个径向轴承衬(4,5)被安装在轴承箱(6)中，其特征在于，
每个径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向所述轴(3)的内表面(7)上包括单个斜面(9)，安装状态的所述径向轴承衬的单个斜面彼此面对；或者
每个径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向所述轴(3)的内表面(7)上包括两个斜面(8，9)，其中安装状态的彼此面对的所述斜面(9)大于安装状态的彼此背向的所述斜面(8)；
至少一个径向轴承衬(4,5)通过固定元件(12)沿轴线方向固定，在所述固定元件(12)上设置有斜面(16)，所述固定元件(12)上的所述斜面(16)促进油从位于所述径向轴承衬(4,5)和所述轴(3)之间的环形间隙排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器，其特征在于，每个径向轴承衬(4,5)具有至少一个进油孔(10)，所述进油孔(10)径向穿过所述径向轴承衬(4,5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述进油孔(10)布置在相对于内表面(7)的中心中，并且由此布置在相对于外表面(11)的偏心中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述固定元件(12)被形成为弹性挡圈、转子(2)的径向台阶(14)，或者止推垫圈(15)。
5.用于根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的废气涡轮增压器(1)的径向轴承衬(4,5)，其特征在于，
所述径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向轴(3)的内表面(7)上具有单个斜面(9)；或者
所述径向轴承衬(4,5)在面向轴(3)的内表面(7)上具有两个大小不同的斜面(8，9)。
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