American lotus processing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to processing technique of Chinese herbs fields, and in particular to American lotus processing method.
Background technology
The coptis first recorded in《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》, it is classified as top grade.Coptis bitter, it is cold in nature, there are purging intense heat, removing toxic substances, heat-clearing, eliminating dampness
Function.For dysphoria with smothery sensation coma, vexed insomnia, damp and hot feeling of fullness, vomiting, abdominal pain rush down dysentery, hot eyes pyogenic infections, aphthae, eczema, scald
Wound, haematemesis, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue etc..Modern pharmacy result of study shows coptis main active as coptis alkaloid, mainly including barberry
Alkali (berberine), palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine and jateorrhizine etc. (《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》2010 editions);Berberine (jamaicin)
With reducing blood lipid and the hypoglycemic extensive pharmacological activity of grade (Hou Hong etc..Coptis alkaloid anti-hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis
Experimental study.When treasure's traditional Chinese medical science traditional Chinese medicines, 2011,22 (10):2462.).The coptis was perennial plant, except the American lotus knot of the 5th year
Outside seed is reserved seed for planting, spring must remove American lotus every year during Coptis planting, and otherwise American lotus consumption part nutrient will influence
Coptis yield, therefore, by-product of the American lotus for discarding during Coptis planting.American lotus contains berberine, has hypoglycemic
With effect for reducing blood fat (Luijiang yuan, etc Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects
of Coptis chinensis Franch Inflorescence.Plant foods for Human
Nutrition.V.61:139~144,2006);There is clearing heat and detoxicating and relax bowel (Feng Min, Southwestern University simultaneously
Master thesis, 2006).Therefore, the utilization of American lotus, which are taken seriously, (slaughters David etc., coptis jasmine tea processing technology
And its Study on antioxidation.Food industry science and technology.2007,28 (5):165~167.).
Patented technology " method for measuring alkaloid in coptis scape " (application number:2012104435111) it discloses
Alkaloid detection method in American lotus.Patented technology " American lotus or/and leaf tea " (application number:200510020601X) send out
Understand a kind of American lotus or/and coptis leaf tea, composition has:1000 parts of American lotus or/and Chinese goldthread leaf dry product, sweetener (trichlorine
Sucrose, 3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-one 2,2-dioxide potassium salt, stevia, Sweet tea etc.) 0.1~100 part, 0.1~200 part of fragrance (rose, chrysanthemum etc.), corrigent is remaining
Amount.Its production technology is:First by after American lotus or/and Chinese goldthread leaf picking, first finish;Sweetener is configured to aqueous solution, it will be yellow
Even flower or/and Chinese goldthread leaf) be immersed in edulcorant aqueous solution or edulcorant aqueous solution is uniformly sprayed to American lotus or/and
On Chinese goldthread leaf, then dry;Finally fragrance is added in American lotus or/and Chinese goldthread leaf.After the technology finishes American lotus, directly
It connects for product.It does not go out using with " herbaceous taste " etc. directly after being finished due to American lotus, mouthfeel and amplitude of air temperature;This
Outside, it is directly used after American lotus water-removing, safety is not high.A kind of patented technology " American lotus processing technology and its application " (application
Number processing method for 201210279987.6) disclosing coptis jasmine tea, including:The harvesting of A fresh flowers, impurity elimination, airing;B finishes, and will spread out
Fresh flower after drying in the air is put into drum-type continuous de-enzyming machine, and finish 3-5min at 200-300 DEG C;C is dried for the first time, in dryer
It is interior, American lotus is dried for the first time at 50-60 DEG C, baking time 3-5min, control moisture is 20%-35%;D is removed
It is smelly, the American lotus dried for the first time is placed on food steamer, steams 3-5min with water vapour;E is seasoned, and steviol glycoside is configured to 0.1%-
1% aqueous solution is uniformly sprayed on the American lotus after deodorization;F is dried again, will be placed in drying by the American lotus of seasoning
It in machine, with 50-60 DEG C of air cooking 45-60min, discharges when moisture is less than 13%, packs, seals and obtain product.The work
Skill deodorization time is shorter, and without research American lotus deodorization time and the relationship of American lotus safety.The coptis is famous heat-clearing
Class Chinese medicine, pharmacological property is more violent, and safety is very important index without food height, coptis jasmine tea as food, safety.It arrives
So far, there is not yet the research about process (processing) and American lotus security relationship is reported.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing technologies of American lotus, deviate from peculiar smell and harmful substance.
The technical scheme is that American lotus processing method, includes the following steps:
1) it finishes:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, finish 1-60 minutes at 150~350 DEG C immediately;
2) it is dehydrated:American lotus after water-removing, drying and dehydrating 1~60 minute at 50~150 DEG C, American lotus after control dehydration
Weight be the 40~80% of former American lotus weight;
3) it is deodorized:Dewatered American lotus steaming deodorization 10~60 minutes on steam copper;
4) it is dry:American lotus after deodorization, is dried to moisture 5~20% at 50~150 DEG C, as American lotus into
Product.
Wherein, it finishes 10~20 minutes at 200~300 DEG C in step 1).
Preferably, fixing temperature is 240 DEG C in step 1).
Wherein, in step 2) at 90~110 DEG C drying and dehydrating 10~20 minutes.
Preferably, the weight of American lotus is the 50-60% of former American lotus weight after control dehydration in step 2).
Wherein, step 3) deodorization time is 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, deodorization time is 30 minutes in step 3).
Preferably, moisture 10~15% is dried in step 4) at 80~110 DEG C.
Preferably, drying temperature is 100 DEG C in step 4).
The present invention also provides a kind of hypoglycemic drug, the raw material matched by following weight mixes:American lotus
0.1-50 parts, 0-50 parts of mulberry leaf, 0-50 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 0.1-5 parts of flavoring agent.
Preferably, the hypoglycemic drug is mixed by the raw material that following weight matches:1-30 parts of American lotus, mulberry
10-40 parts of leaf, 10-40 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 0.1-2 parts of flavoring agent.
Specifically, so-called flavoring agent is sweetener.
Preferably, the sweetener is stevioside, xylitol or Aspartame.
In the present invention, preferably hypoglycemic drug is prepared using the American lotus obtained using processing technology of the present invention.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:American lotus of the present invention not only eliminates peculiar smell, more improves peace after deodorization is processed
Quan Xing;After American lotus is compounded with other Chinese medicine compositions, hypoglycemic activity significantly improves, and has than single American lotus even more ideal
Blood sugar decreasing effect.
Specific embodiment
The index of 1 hypoglycemic drug of embodiment
American lotus antihypelipidemic product:0.1 part of American lotus, 50 parts of mulberry leaf, 49 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 1 part of flavoring agent (stevioside).It is above-mentioned
Raw material is uniformly mixed, packaging.
The preparation of 2 hypoglycemic drug of embodiment
American lotus antihypelipidemic product:50 parts of American lotus, 0.1 part of mulberry leaf, 50 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 0.1 part of flavoring agent (xylitol).It is above-mentioned
Raw material is uniformly mixed, packaging.
The preparation of 3 hypoglycemic drug of embodiment
American lotus antihypelipidemic product:20 parts of American lotus, 28 parts of mulberry leaf, 50 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 2 parts of flavoring agent (Aspartame).It is above-mentioned
Raw material is uniformly mixed, packaging.
The preparation of 4 hypoglycemic drug of embodiment
American lotus antihypelipidemic product:50 parts of American lotus, 50 parts of mulberry leaf, 0.1 part of flavoring agent (honey element).Above-mentioned raw materials mixing is equal
It is even, packaging.
The preparation of 5 hypoglycemic drug of embodiment
American lotus antihypelipidemic product:50 parts of American lotus, 50 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 0.1 part of flavoring agent (Sweet tea).Above-mentioned raw materials mixing is equal
It is even, packaging.
Embodiment 6 processes American lotus
100 kilograms of American lotus fresh goods finish 60 minutes at 150 DEG C;American lotus after water-removing, the drying and dehydrating at 50 DEG C
60 minutes, control American lotus moisture 80%;Dewatered American lotus steaming deodorization 10 minutes on steam copper;Deodorization
American lotus afterwards is dried to moisture 5% at 50 DEG C.As American lotus finished product.
Embodiment 7 processes American lotus
100 kilograms of American lotus fresh goods finish 1 minute at 350 DEG C;American lotus after water-removing, the drying and dehydrating at 150 DEG C
1 minute, control American lotus moisture 50%;Dewatered American lotus steaming deodorization 60 minutes on steam copper;Deodorization
American lotus afterwards is dried to moisture 20% at 150 DEG C.As American lotus finished product.
Embodiment 8 processes American lotus
100 kilograms of American lotus fresh goods finish 20 minutes at 250 DEG C;American lotus after water-removing, it is dry de- at 100 DEG C
Water 30 minutes, control American lotus moisture 30%;Dewatered American lotus steaming deodorization 30 minutes on steam copper;It is de-
American lotus after smelly is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.As American lotus finished product.
Comparison of the test example difference processing technology American lotus in terms of smell, safety and treatment diabetes
1., smell
Coptis flower processing technique 1:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, immediately at 250 DEG CFinish different time;Huang after water-removing
Even flower drying and dehydrating 10 minutes at 100 DEG C, control American lotus moisture 50%;Dewatered American lotus steams on steam copper
Steam distillation" deodorization " 30 minutes;American lotus after deodorization is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.
Coptis flower processing technique 2:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, immediately at 250 DEG CWater-removing 20 minutes;The coptis after water-removing
Flower drying and dehydrating 10 minutes at 100 DEG C, control American lotus moisture 50%;Dewatered American lotus steam on steam copper
Distillation" deodorization " different time;American lotus after deodorization is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.
The different water-removings of table 1 and deodorization time are to American lotus smell and appearance effects
The result shows that (table 1), fixation time is less than 5 minutes, and product also has a small amount of peculiar smell after being deodorized;Fixation time
Long, product appearance is plain, easy " becoming fragile scaling-off ", it is difficult to keep " the original shape state of American lotus ";Therefore, best fixation time is
10-30 minutes.Deodorization time is longer, and American lotus peculiar smell is smaller, and after deodorization was more than 10 minutes, the peculiar smell of American lotus is with regard to very little
, just there is no peculiar smell later within 20 minutes.
2., subchronic toxicity testing
Test material is:
American lotus 1:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, directly dry.100 grams of American lotus is returned with 500 milliliters of 100 DEG C of distilled water
Stream extraction 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions 20 minutes, filtering;Merge filtrate twice, decompression
It is concentrated to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of American lotus), it is spare.
American lotus 2:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, finish different time at 250 DEG C immediately;American lotus after water-removing exists
Drying and dehydrating 10 minutes at 100 DEG C, control American lotus moisture 50%;The steam distillation on steam copper of dewatered American lotus
Deodorization 30 minutes;American lotus after deodorization is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.100 grams of American lotus, with 500 milliliters of steamings
100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extraction 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions 20 minutes, filtering;Merge two
Secondary filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of American lotus), spare.
American lotus 3:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, finish 20 minutes at 250 DEG C immediately;American lotus after water-removing is 100
Drying and dehydrating 10 minutes at DEG C, control American lotus moisture 50%;The steam distillation on steam copper of dewatered American lotus takes off
Smelly different time;American lotus after deodorization is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.100 grams of American lotus, with 500 milliliters of steamings
100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extraction 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions 20 minutes, filtering;Merge two
Secondary filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of American lotus), spare.
Subchronic toxicity testing method is carried out with reference to " natural drug (Chinese medicine) new drug research guideline ":By SD rats point
It is three groups, respectively Normal group, American lotus control group, American lotus invention group, every group 10, dosage 10g/Kg;
It continuously feeds 3 months, then adopts the biochemical indicators (being shown in Table 2) such as fasting blood monitoring liver function.
Influence of 2 American lotus of table to rat liver function
Sample |
Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) (U/L) |
Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) (U/L) |
Normal group |
34.30±4.41 |
126.14±7.60 |
American lotus 1 |
60.63±9.87 |
258.34±19.97 |
American lotus 2 finishes 5 minutes |
40.33±9.37 |
170.04±17.42 |
American lotus 2 finishes 10 minutes |
36.12±8.35 |
134.51±18.12 |
American lotus 2 finishes 20 minutes |
34.21±3.35 |
126.12±15.42 |
American lotus 2 finishes 30 minutes |
34.62±4.35 |
126.04±14.42 |
American lotus 2 finishes 40 minutes |
34.60±4.15 |
126.24±13.40 |
American lotus 2 finishes 50 minutes |
34.12±3.65 |
126.54±13.42 |
American lotus 2 finishes 60 minutes |
34.61±3.35 |
126.34±13.12 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 5 minutes |
39.62±9.35 |
168.04±18.42 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 10 minutes |
37.60±8.35 |
158.05±15.40 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 20 minutes |
36.62±5.35 |
138.14±12.31 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 30 minutes |
34.62±3.55 |
126.44±7.12 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 40 minutes |
34.63±4.32 |
126.14±6.92 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 50 minutes |
34.67±4.72 |
126.19±6.90 |
American lotus 3 is deodorized 60 minutes |
34.33±4.82 |
126.10±6.62 |
It can be seen that, do not finish for the American lotus of steam deodorisation, the damage to liver function is especially big from table yet;It finishes and de-
After smelly, the injury of liver function is obviously reduced;Fixation time is short, has detrimental effect, fixation time to the liver function of experimental animal
More than 10 minutes, the liver function of experimental animal is had little effect;American lotus deodorization time is longer, and the influence to liver function is smaller,
After American lotus deodorization time was more than 10 minutes, the influence to liver function is with regard to very little, to liver function just without shadow after 20 minutes
It rings.
3., hypoglycemic activity experiment
Test material is:
American lotus:After the purchase of American lotus fresh goods, finish 20 minutes at 250 DEG C immediately;American lotus after water-removing is at 100 DEG C
Lower drying and dehydrating 10 minutes, control American lotus moisture 50%;Boiling " deodorization " is no on digester for dewatered American lotus
With the time minute;American lotus after deodorization is dried to moisture 10% at 100 DEG C.100 grams of American lotus, with 500 milliliters of steamings
100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extraction 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions 20 minutes, filtering;Merge two
Secondary filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of American lotus), spare.
Yellow lotus tea control group (American lotus or/and leaf tea, application number:200510020601X):100 parts of American lotus dry product,
1 part of sweetener (Sweet tea), 1 part of fragrance (chrysanthemum).100 grams of coptis jasmine tea is divided with 500 milliliters of distilled water, 100 DEG C of refluxing extractions 30
Clock, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions 20 minutes, filtering;Merge filtrate twice, be concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 millis
It rises and (is equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of American lotus), it is spare.
American lotus hypoglycemic product 1:50 parts of American lotus, 50 parts of mulberry leaf, 0.5 part of flavoring agent (Sweet tea).American lotus hypoglycemic produces
100 grams of product, with 500 milliliters of 100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extractions 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water refluxing extractions
20 minutes, filtering;Merge filtrate twice, be concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of raw material), it is spare.
American lotus hypoglycemic product 2:50 parts of American lotus, 50 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 0.1 part of flavoring agent (honey element).American lotus hypoglycemic
100 grams of product, with 500 milliliters of 100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extractions 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is carried again with 300 milliliters of distilled water reflux
It takes 20 minutes, filters;Merge filtrate twice, be concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of raw material), it is spare.
American lotus hypoglycemic product 3:33 parts of American lotus, 33 parts of mulberry leaf, 33 parts of radix polygonati officinalis, 1 part of flavoring agent (xylitol).The coptis
100 grams of antihypelipidemic product of flower, with 500 milliliters of 100 DEG C of distilled water refluxing extractions 30 minutes, filtering;Residue is again with 300 milliliters of distilled water
Refluxing extraction 20 minutes, filtering;Merge filtrate twice, be concentrated under reduced pressure to 100 milliliters (being equivalent to every milliliter containing 1 gram of raw material), it is standby
With.
Hypoglycemic experimental method is carried out with reference to " natural drug (Chinese medicine) new drug research guideline ":By KK Mouse feeders 2
A month, blood glucose is detected, it is modeling success mouse that blood glucose, which is more than 10,;It is randomly divided into 5 groups:Control group (10), medicine group (40).
Control group gavage distilled water;Medicine group gavage drug (500mg crude drugs/Kg);Continuous to feed 4 weeks, blood is surveyed in then mined out abdomen blood examination
Sugared index (being shown in Table 3).
3 American lotus hypoglycemic effect of table compares
Group |
Before administration (mmol/L) |
After administration (mmol/L) |
Control group |
11.51±2.20 |
11.83±2.40 |
American lotus (deodorization 5 minutes) (500mg/kg) |
11.61±2.51 |
10.61±2.70 |
American lotus (deodorization 10 minutes) (500mg/kg) |
11.59±2.30 |
9.45±2.10 |
American lotus (deodorization 20 minutes) (500mg/kg) |
11.70±2.40 |
8.15±2.20 |
American lotus (deodorization 40 minutes) (500mg/kg) |
11.55±2.35 |
8.11±1.98 |
American lotus (deodorization 60 minutes) (500mg/kg) |
11.57±2.35 |
8.13±1.79 |
Coptis jasmine tea control group (500mg/kg) |
11.70±2.40 |
8.05±2.90 |
American lotus antihypelipidemic product 1 group (500mg/kg) |
11.58±2.34 |
6.81±1.72× |
American lotus antihypelipidemic product 2 groups (500mg/kg) |
11.59±2.55 |
6.71±1.80× |
American lotus antihypelipidemic product 3 groups (500mg/kg) |
11.55±2.35 |
6.11±1.70× |
1 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.65±2.35 |
6.41±1.71× |
2 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.56±2.33 |
6.49±1.60× |
3 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.55±2.34 |
6.51±1.77× |
4 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.49±2.55 |
7.65±2.71× |
5 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.59±2.31 |
7.67±1.98× |
6 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.57±2.31 |
8.21±1.65× |
7 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.61±2.45 |
9.16±2.33× |
8 product of embodiment (500mg/kg) |
11.55±2.32 |
8.01±1.55× |
It can be seen that, as deodorization time extends, American lotus hypoglycemic activity increases from table 3, more than after twenty minutes, the coptis
Flower hypoglycemic activity is not further added by.With patented product (American lotus or/and leaf tea, application number:It 200510020601X) compares, this law
The coptis jasmine tea antihypelipidemic product activity higher of name research and development, and reached the level of signifiance.
After adding mulberry leaf and radix polygonati officinalis in American lotus, hypoglycemic activity increases, and the Chinese medicine taste number of addition increases, due to association
Same-action, hypoglycemic activity also increase.
Steam deodorisation and water-removing also have an impact the hypoglycemic activity of American lotus, and the influence of deodorization is more notable:1 point of water-removing
Clock is deodorized the hypoglycemic work of the blood sugar decreasing effect better than water-removing deodorization in 60 minutes 10 minutes (embodiment 7) of 60 minutes (embodiment 6)
Property;The product blood sugar decreasing effect of water-removing and deodorization equilibrium is more preferable (embodiment 8).
The studies above the result shows that, no matter from smell and safety, finish and be deodorized the American lotus exploitation profit of enough time
It is substantially better than to finish with value and is not deodorized the American lotus of (or deodorization time is insufficient).The American lotus of this technique processing drops for preparing
Blood glucose product, safety and bioactivity are more excellent, have good Development volue.