CN105016906B - A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof based on olive pomace - Google Patents
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof based on olive pomace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The edible fungus culturing matrix and preparation method thereof that the present invention relates to a kind of based on olive pomace, belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation.The edible fungus culturing matrix includes following component in parts by weight：83-87 parts of olive pomace, 9-11 parts of corncob, 2.5-3.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.9-1.1 parts of land plaster, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime.Edible fungus culturing matrix of the present invention effectively utilizes waste olive pomace, adequately utilizes its nutritional ingredient, and the edible fungi nutrition value cultivated is high, and substantially increases the yield of edible mushroom, realizes economic benefit.And edible fungus culturing matrix bacterium germination provided by the present invention is fast, mycelia growth is vigorous, can substantially reduce bacterial contamination rate and production cost, provide advantage for market competition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation, and in particular to a kind of edible fungus culturing based on olive pomace
Matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Olive（Olea europaea.）It is Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium, is that world-renowned woody oleiferous plants are simultaneous
Fruit has higher edible value with tree species, cultivar, containing abundant high-quality edible plant oil --- and olive oil is famous subtropical zone
Fruit tree and Important Economic forest, are distributed mainly on mediterranean country, and Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain are to concentrate the place of production.
Contain the monounsaturated fatty acids of 65.8-84.9% in olive oil.Other than supplying a large amount of thermal energy of human body, moreover it is possible to
The ratio of high and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in human plasma is adjusted, the intracorporal high density of people can be increased after edible olive oil
The equilibrium concentration of lipoprotein HDL, to guarantee requirement of the human body to cholesterol.But also low-density lipoprotein in blood plasma can be reduced
The concentration of LDL, to prevent cholesterol in human body excessive.
Containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid of 3.5-22% or so in olive oil, polyunsaturated fatty acid can be divided into ω -3 rouge again
Fat acid（Predominantly linolenic acid）With ω -6 fatty acid（Predominantly linoleic acid）.These are necessary to human body and human body again cannot be certainly
The fatty acid of body synthesis.So also referred to as essential fatty acid, according to world medical circle many decades grinding to the essential fatty acid of human body
Study carefully proof：When the essential fatty acid content omega-fatty acid of human body and the ratio of ω -6 fatty acid are 1:When 4, various diseases are difficult
Invade human body.And the ratio of essential fatty acid contained in olive oil is exactly 1:4, it is similar with human milk.
Microelement squalene, Flavonoid substances and polyphenolic substance rich in, can enhance human body in olive oil
Immunity delays senescence.
It also contains 0.03 to 0.36 milligram of ß of every hectogram;Carrotene, 1.2-43 milligrams of vitamin E, and
A variety of liposoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, F, K are the necessary nutriments of human organ.Therefore current medical field is olive
Oil is known as one of the edible oil most beneficial to health.Olive oil is loaded into pharmacopeia already by the western countries such as the U.S., Germany.
Currently, olea europaea fruit is after squeezing olive oil, pomace treating method mainly has：1）Heap is concentrated as waste
It puts or buries, not only occupy a large amount of soil in this way, but also also have pollution to underground water；2）It is high after waste residue is dried
Temperature is burned, but generates the pollutants such as a large amount of flue dust, carbon dioxide after burning, and sizable pollution is also brought to atmospheric environment.
In recent years, with the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness and the adjustment of national industrial policies, more and more processing modes are developed, but
Since added value is low, the problems such as operability is strong, deficiency in economic performance, is allowed to be difficult to promote, it is often more important that all these processing
Mode fails the effective use to biology system in waste residue, therefore the efficient abandoned biomass for developing one kind has using technology
Important realistic meaning and economic significance.
Summary of the invention
The edible mushroom that It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of based on olive pomace
Cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, the edible fungus culturing matrix effectively utilize waste olive pomace, adequately utilize it
Nutritional ingredient, the edible fungi nutrition value cultivated is high, and substantially increases the yield of edible mushroom, realizes economic benefit.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including following component in parts by weight：Oil
83-87 parts of olive pomace, 9-11 parts of corncob, 2.5-3.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.9-1.1 parts of land plaster, 0.8-1.2 parts of lime.
It is further preferred that the edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including according to parts by weight
The following component of number meter：85 parts of olive pomace, 10 parts of corncob, 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of land plaster, 1 part of lime.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 5-10min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together
It mixes, and adjusts stirring humidity of materials to 74-76%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continues to stir and control humidity in 74-76%
Between, the control time is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs or bottles immediately after mixing, obtains packed or bottled cultivation
Train matrix；
Step（3）, by step（2）Obtained packed or bottled cultivation matrix at 121 DEG C, heat preservation 1.5-2 hours into
Row sterilizing, after sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
It is further preferred that step（2）The pack or bottling time is no more than 1.5h.
It is further preferred that the preparation method of the edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including
Following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 7min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together,
And stirring humidity of materials is adjusted to 75%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continues to stir and control humidity 75%, controls the time
It is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs immediately after mixing, obtain packed cultivation matrix；
Step（3）, by step（2）At 121 DEG C, heat preservation sterilizes obtained packed cultivation matrix for 1.5-2 hours,
After sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom uses the preparation of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace
The method edible fungus culturing matrix obtained based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to based on olive pomace
In edible fungus culturing matrix, inoculum concentration 2-3% carries out mycelium stimulation after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species are double spore mushrooms
Mushroom, Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus bitorqui, mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, plerotus nebrodensis, needle mushroom, sliding mushroom, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, agrocybe or chicken leg
Mushroom；
Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation, at 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control is carried out in 1500ppm or less
Flower bud, and give 1 hour 50-100Lx scattering light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, humidity
For 85%-90%, the time of buffered is 2-3 days, is then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 6-8 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its advantages are：
（1）In the raw material of edible fungus culturing matrix, olive pomace crude fibre rich in, hawthorn acid and oleanolic acid
The ingredients such as equal total triterpene acids, Marc oil, are rich in a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid, polyphenol, Flavonoid substances, can not only improve food
With the speed of growth and yield of bacterium, moreover it is possible to improve the nutritive value of edible mushroom；
（2）Edible fungus culturing matrix bacterium germination provided by the present invention is fast, and mycelia growth is vigorous, can substantially reduce living contaminants
Rate；
（3）Using the method for the invention culturing edible fungus, the time of mycelium germination is only 18-30 hours, more existing
Cultural method at least does sth. in advance 18 hours, and harvest time advance 20-30 days greatly reduces production cost, provides for market competition
Advantage.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright range.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art
Or it is carried out according to product description.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including following component in parts by weight：Oil
83 parts of olive pomace, 9 parts of corncob, 2.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.9 part of land plaster, 0.8 part of lime.
The preparation method of the edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 5min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together,
And stirring humidity of materials is adjusted to 74%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continues to stir and control humidity 74%, controls the time
It is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs or bottle immediately after mixing, obtain packed or bottled cultivation matrix；Wherein, institute
The pack or bottling time stated are no more than 1.5h；
Step（3）, by step（2）Obtained packed or bottled cultivation matrix at 121 DEG C, go out for 2 hours by heat preservation
Bacterium, after sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
Embodiment 2
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including following component in parts by weight：Oil
87 parts of olive pomace, 11 parts of corncob, 3.5 parts of wheat bran, 1.1 parts of land plaster, 1.2 parts of lime.
The preparation method of the edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 10min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together
It mixes, and adjusts stirring humidity of materials to 76%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continues to stir and control humidity 76%, controls
Time is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs or bottles immediately after mixing, obtains packed or bottled cultivation matrix；Its
In, the pack or bottling time are no more than 1.5h；
Step（3）, by step（2）Obtained packed or bottled cultivation matrix at 121 DEG C, go out for 2 hours by heat preservation
Bacterium, after sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
Embodiment 3
A kind of edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, including following component in parts by weight：Oil
85 parts of olive pomace, 10 parts of corncob, 3 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of land plaster, 1 part of lime.
The preparation method of the edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace of the present embodiment, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 7min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together,
And stirring humidity of materials is adjusted to 75%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continues to stir and control humidity 75%, controls the time
It is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs or bottle immediately after mixing, obtain packed or bottled cultivation matrix；Wherein, institute
The pack or bottling time stated are no more than 1.5h；
Step（3）, by step（2）Obtained packed or bottled cultivation matrix keeps the temperature 1.8 hours and carries out at 121 DEG C
Sterilizing, after sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and the difference of embodiment 3 are：Olive pomace is replaced with into stalk.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 and the difference of embodiment 3 are：Olive pomace is replaced with into sawdust.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 and the difference of embodiment 3 are：Without containing wheat bran.
Application examples 1
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom uses the preparation of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace
The method edible fungus culturing matrix obtained based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to based on olive pomace
In edible fungus culturing matrix, mycelium stimulation is carried out after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species are agaricus bisporus；
Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation, at 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control is carried out in 1500ppm or less
Flower bud, and give 1 hour 50-100Lx scattering light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, humidity
For 85%-90%, the time of buffered is 2 days, is then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 6 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.It is compared with the traditional method, yield increases by 15%.
Application examples 2
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom uses the preparation of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace
The method edible fungus culturing matrix obtained based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to based on olive pomace
In edible fungus culturing matrix, mycelium stimulation is carried out after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species are Pleurotus eryngii；
Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation, at 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control is carried out in 1500ppm or less
Flower bud, and give 1 hour 50-100Lx scattering light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, humidity
For 85%-90%, the time of buffered is 3 days, is then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 8 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.It is compared with the traditional method, yield increases by 18%.
Application examples 3
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom uses the preparation of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace
The method edible fungus culturing matrix obtained based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to based on olive pomace
In edible fungus culturing matrix, mycelium stimulation is carried out after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species are mushroom；Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation,
At 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control carries out flower bud in 1500ppm or less, and gives 1 hour 50-
100Lx scatters light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, humidity
For 85%-90%, the time of buffered is 2.5 days, is then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 7 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.It is compared with the traditional method, yield increases by 22%.
Application examples 4
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom uses the preparation of the above-mentioned edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace
The method edible fungus culturing matrix obtained based on olive pomace, includes the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to based on olive pomace
In edible fungus culturing matrix, mycelium stimulation is carried out after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species are agrocybe；
Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation, at 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control is carried out in 1500ppm or less
Flower bud, and give 1 hour 50-100Lx scattering light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, humidity
For 85%-90%, the time of buffered is 2.5 days, is then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 7 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.It is compared with the traditional method, yield increases by 26%.
The method of the present invention is to agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus bitorqui, mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, plerotus nebrodensis, needle mushroom, cunning
Mushroom, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, agrocybe or coprinus comatus can be cultivated, and just be not listed one by one herein.
Performance detection
The edible fungus culturing matrix of edible fungus culturing matrix and comparative example 1-3 to embodiment 1-3 is planted using conventional method
Coprinus comatus is trained, bacterial contamination rate and yield are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Bag yield, g | Bacterial contamination rate, ‰ | Yield rate, % | Biological conversion rate, % | |
| Conventional method | 300 | 5 | 95 | 80 |
| Embodiment 1 | 350 | 1.2 | 100 | 105 |
| Embodiment 2 | 345 | 1.0 | 100 | 103 |
| Embodiment 3 | 367 | 0.8 | 100 | 112 |
| Comparative example 1 | 310 | 3.3 | 96 | 85 |
| Comparative example 2 | 315 | 4.2 | 97 | 95 |
| Comparative example 3 | 334 | 1.8 | 99 | 98 |
As shown in Table 1, the effect of edible fungus culturing matrix of the present invention is superior to comparative example and conventional method, and embodiment 3 is
Optimum embodiment of the present invention.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of edible fungus culturing matrix based on olive pomace, which is characterized in that including in parts by weight as
Lower component：83-87 parts of olive pomace, 9-11 parts of corncob, 2.5-3.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.9-1.1 parts of land plaster, lime 0.8-
1.2 part；
It is prepared by the following steps：
Step（1）, olive pomace and land plaster are uniformly mixed, premix is obtained；
Step（2）, corncob is soaked after prewetting 5-10min, with lime and step（1）Obtained premix stir together,
And stirring humidity of materials is adjusted to 74-76%；Then wheat bran is added thereto again, continue to stir and control humidity 74-76% it
Between, the control time is uniformly mixed in 0.5 hour, packs or bottles immediately after mixing, obtains packed or bottled cultivation
Matrix；
Step（3）, by step（2）Obtained packed or bottled cultivation matrix at 121 DEG C, go out for 1.5-2 hours by heat preservation
Bacterium, after sterilizing, be cooled to room temperature in gnotobasis to get.
2. the side that a kind of edible fungus culturing matrix with described in claim 1 based on olive pomace carries out edible fungus culturing
Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step（1）, at 18 ~ 20 DEG C, conventionally, by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation to eating based on olive pomace
In bacteria cultivation matrix, mycelium stimulation is carried out after mycelia hair is full；The edible fungus species be agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom, Agaricus bitorqui,
Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, plerotus nebrodensis, needle mushroom, sliding mushroom, straw mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, agrocybe or coprinus comatus；
Step（2）, after mycelium stimulation, at 15-16 DEG C, relative humidity 88-92%, CO2Concentration control carries out flower bud in 1500ppm or less,
And give 1 hour 50-100Lx scattering light；
Step（3）, when mushroom flower bud it is long to 13-15mm when, carry out buffered, the temperature of buffered is 8-10 DEG C, and humidity is
85%-90%, the time of buffered are 2-3 days, are then transferred to inhibition processing, and inhibiting the temperature of processing is 3-5 DEG C, and humidity is
70-80%, time are 6-8 days；
Step（4）, the young mushroom that inhibited processing obtains is 7-9 DEG C in temperature, humidity 75%-80%, CO2Concentration control exists
Fertility culture is carried out under the conditions of 1500ppm is below, when young mushroom it is long to 3-4cm when, cover upper paper tube, continue to cultivate, as the high 13- of mushroom
When 14cm, it can harvest.
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| CN105503338A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 涂闻芮 | Glutathione-enriched and chromium-enriched edible fungus cultivation medium |
| CN106576895A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-04-26 | 曲靖市麒麟区萌益农业有限公司 | Green ecological cultivation method for edible fungi |
| CN107814597A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-03-20 | 湖北工业大学 | The preparation method of purple sesame culture medium |
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