CN104994833B - 包含阴离子型表面活性剂和疏水性活性剂的个人护理组合物 - Google Patents

包含阴离子型表面活性剂和疏水性活性剂的个人护理组合物 Download PDF

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CN104994833B
CN104994833B CN201480006880.1A CN201480006880A CN104994833B CN 104994833 B CN104994833 B CN 104994833B CN 201480006880 A CN201480006880 A CN 201480006880A CN 104994833 B CN104994833 B CN 104994833B
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D·戴思
D·C·施密特
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Abstract

描述了个人护理组合物,包含阴离子型表面活性剂和封装疏水性活性剂的聚脲壳,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种选自由季胺和阳离子生物聚合物组成的群组的共价连接的阳离子聚合物。

Description

包含阴离子型表面活性剂和疏水性活性剂的个人护理组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种个人护理组合物和用于沉积疏水性活性剂的方法。
背景技术
在个人护理领域中,存在对封装或夹带疏水性活性剂的材料的需要。封装提供以下已知益处,例如使疏水性活性剂与水性系统相容,并且分离和保护疏水性活性剂以保存其效能。
理论上,封装还打算用于将疏水性活性剂递送到个人的皮肤或头发。实现这一益处的一个建议是赋予经封装的疏水性活性剂正电荷,以便更好地结合到带负电荷的表面,例如皮肤或头发。然而,这种方法在用于含表面活性剂的个人护理产品时具有严重缺陷。许多含表面活性剂的个人护理产品含有相对较高水平的阴离子组分,所述阴离子组分与头发或皮肤竞争带正电荷的组分,从而阻止足量的经封装的疏水性活性剂沉积在头发或皮肤上。
因此,需要解决上述需要的新的经封装的疏水性活性剂系统。
具体实施方式
在一个实施例中,本发明提供个人护理组合物,包含阴离子型表面活性剂和封装选自由芳香剂、维生素、提取物或治疗性活性剂组成的群组的疏水性个人护理活性剂的聚脲壳,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种选自由季胺和阳离子生物聚合物组成的群组的共价连接的阳离子聚合物。“个人护理”是指将组合物局部施加到个人的头发或皮肤,而不是经口摄入。
优选地,本发明组合物在冲洗应用期间局部施加到个人的皮肤。涵盖包含阴离子型表面活性剂的个人护理组合物,包括沐浴露、淋浴凝胶、去角质组合物、洗发精、冲洗型护发素、剃须泡沫、洁面剂、清洁剂、洗手液、清洁霜/乳、收敛化妆水、爽肤水或皮肤清新剂、泡沫浴、可溶性浴油以及条皂。
在一个实施例中,阴离子型表面活性剂是月桂醇醚硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸铵/钠、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、月桂基磺基丁二酸二钠、甲基2-磺基月桂酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、油酸的钠盐以及硬脂酸的钠盐。在一个实施例中,阴离子型表面活性剂以1wt.%到25wt.%的范围存在。应了解,本文中所用的wt.%意指个人护理成分(例如,活性剂或表面活性剂)占最终个人护理产品组合物的重量百分比。
“聚脲壳”是指聚异氰酸酯(关于具有至少2个反应基团的异氰酸酯的那些)和交联剂的反应产物,其在通过水相与油相之间的界面缩合反应产生时,促使聚脲壳封装油相。界面缩合反应的实例由以引用的方式明确并入本文中的美国专利第3,577,515号给出。聚异氰酸酯的实例包括甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI);二异氰酸根合-二苯基甲烷(MDI);MDI的衍生物,例如聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷、亚苯基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)苯、1,8-二异氰酸根合辛烷、4,4′-亚甲基双(苯基异氰酸酯)、4,4′-亚甲基双(环己基)以及其混合物。
“疏水性个人护理活性剂”是疏水性的个人护理性能功能成分。在大多数情况下,这是指油或可溶于油中的物质。更确切地说,疏水性是指化合物在十二烷中的溶解性比在水中大。所述组分一般具有大于1的log辛醇/水(分配系数)。
芳香剂的实例包括精油和构成细腻芳香剂的掺合物或通常用于化妆品或个人护理组合物中的那些。确定哪些组成被认为是芳香剂属于个人护理领域的普通技术人员的技术技能。在一个实施例中,优选的疏水性个人护理活性剂是芳香剂。
维生素的实例包括所有疏水性维生素,例如维生素A、维生素D、维生素E以及维生素K。维生素E是尤其优选的。
“提取物”包括天然疏水性植物或动物提取物。某些提取物具有一或多种众所周知的有效性质/益处,例如皮肤亮白(姜黄、红三叶草、辣根、野草莓、桑椹、曲酸);抗痤疮(茶树、尼姆树(neem)、百里香、熏衣草油、牛蒡、橄榄叶、蒲公英根);抗衰老/抗皱纹(大蒜、覆盆子、白果、人参、雷公根(gotu kola)、水飞蓟、姜黄、胡椒薄荷、表皮生长因子(rh-寡肽-1,EGF)、阿拉比卡咖啡提取物(coffee arabica extract));保湿(芦荟、荷荷芭油、可可脂、鳄梨油、鲸蜡、羊毛脂、卵磷脂、蜂蜡);抗炎性(姜、乳香、柳树皮、山金车、辣椒、ω-3鱼油、亚麻籽油);爽肤(甘菊、接骨木、熏衣草、欧芹、鼠尾草、蔷薇果、西洋蓍草);抗微生物(大蒜、茶树、百里香、迷迭香、白毛茛、接骨木果、伏牛花、葡萄)、止痒(芦荟、金盏草、金缕梅、圣·约翰麦芽汁(St.John’s wort)、毛蕊花、甘菊、尼姆树、燕麦、野生三色堇);抗头皮屑(尼姆树、黑胡椒、檀香木、姜、茶树、牛蒡);免疫抑制剂(姜黄、雷公藤甲素、甘草、小檗胺、艾菊、黄芪)或驱昆虫剂(香茅油、薄荷油、熏衣草、玫瑰天竺葵)。
还存在具有一或多种众所周知的有效性质/益处的合成型疏水性化合物,并且为了方便命名以区别以上提取物,在本文中称为“治疗性活性剂”。治疗性活性剂的实例包括具有以下益处的那些,例如皮肤亮白(氢醌、维甲酸、谷胱甘肽);抗痤疮(水杨酸、过氧化苯甲酰、维甲酸、阿达帕林(adapalene)、壬二酸、他扎罗汀(tazarotene));抗衰老/抗皱纹(艾地苯醌(idebenone)、l-硒代蛋氨酸(硒)、α硫辛酸、多酚、类视黄素);保湿(鲸蜡醇、硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂醇、矿物油、矿脂);抗炎性(布洛芬(ibuprofen)、塞内昔布(celecoxib)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、苯基保泰松(phenyl butazone)、地奈德(desonide)、倍他米松(betamethasone));抗微生物(克林达霉素(clindamycin)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、莫匹罗星(mupirocin)、红霉素(erythromycin));止痒(皮质类固醇、薄荷醇);抗头皮屑(吡硫鎓锌、硫化硒、煤焦油、酮康唑);免疫抑制剂(硫唑嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤)或防晒剂(甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、阿伏苯宗(avobenzone)、对氨基苯甲酸、胡莫柳酯(homosalate)、二氧化钛、氧化锌、二苯甲酮、苯亚甲基类、水杨酸酯或其它已知疏水性UV滤光剂)。
如可以容易地了解,以上所列的提取物和治疗性活性剂可以组合提供相同益处(共同),或以不同的益处的组合形式共同使用。
在一个实施例中,疏水性个人护理活性剂以0.1wt.%到10wt.%的范围存在。
应了解,聚脲壳必须具有至少一种共价连接的阳离子聚合物。这种情况可以容易地与在形成聚脲壳之后添加阳离子聚合物的情况区分开来,因为在形成之后添加的情况下,阳离子聚合物将不会在存在阴离子型表面活性剂的情况下在事实发生之后接枝到聚脲壳(参看以下实例3)。基于信息和信念,聚脲壳由于交联不具反应性,但是即使情况不是这样,阴离子型表面活性剂仍将更有效地竞争阳离子聚合物并且阳离子聚合物将由于阴离子型表面活性剂而从胶囊表面解除吸附,从而致使阳离子聚合物的功能丢失。
在一个实施例中,聚脲壳具有至少两种共价连接的阳离子聚合物。
“季胺”按照惯例是指由至少一种携有四个取代基的胺(或其盐)形成、产生永久性正电荷的化合物。优选地,取代基中的一个应该进一步被伯氨基或仲氨基取代。这类优选的季胺化合物是(2-氨乙基)三甲基氯化铵。应了解,当本申请提到共价连接的季胺时,它是指季胺化合物与聚异氰酸酯的反应产物,季氨基本身不反应,但是实际上是胺化合物的取代基中的一个共价连接到聚脲壳,留下季氨基通过所述取代基系留到聚脲壳。在一个实施例中,季胺以0.001wt.%到0.2wt.%的范围存在。
“阳离子生物聚合物”是指天然存在的带正电荷的生物聚合物,例如透明质酸和壳聚糖。优选地,所述阳离子生物聚合物是壳聚糖。最优选地,所述壳聚糖是可购自陶氏化学公司(The Dow Chemical Company)(密歇根州米德兰(Midland,MI))的KYTAMERTM PC(INCI:壳聚糖PCA)衍生物。在一个实施例中,阳离子生物聚合物以0.001wt.%到0.1wt.%的范围存在。
在一个实施例中,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种共价连接的季胺和至少一种共价连接的阳离子生物聚合物。
在另一个实施例中,本发明提供一种使芳香剂沉积于个体皮肤上的方法,包含在聚脲壳中封装所述芳香剂,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种选自由季胺和阳离子生物聚合物组成的群组的共价连接的阳离子聚合物;将所述聚脲壳并入到沐浴露中;以及向个体施加沐浴露。显然可预期所述沐浴露含有至少一种阴离子型表面活性剂。
在一个实施例中,封装步骤包括乳化含芳香剂的油相和含阳离子聚合物的水相,其限制条件为在聚脲壳之前形成乳液。优选地,聚脲壳具有至少一种共价连接的季胺和至少一种共价连接的阳离子生物聚合物。应了解,所述聚脲壳通过使聚异氰酸酯、优选地异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯交联形成。在一些实施例中,向油相中添加超疏水物,例如棉籽油。在这些情况下,棉籽油以0.1wt.%到5wt.%的范围存在。
实例
实例1
按表1中所列的重量%,用经选择代表大范围的疏水性和蒸气压的单独的芳香剂产生包含五种单独的芳香剂组分的储备芳香剂掺合物。
表1
掺合物1
二氢月桂烯醇 20
乙酸丁基环己酯 20
乙酸三环癸烯酯 10
八氢四甲基萘乙酮 30
氧杂环十七碳-8-烯-2-酮 20
以0.001%的有效浓度向掺合物1中添加荧光亲脂性染料[含DiO,D275 3,3′-二(十八烷基氧杂)-羰花青高氯酸盐的乙醇溶液]以定量沉积,如将在实例4中解释。
例示性沐浴露以市售STEOL CS-270(伊利诺伊州诺思菲尔德的斯泰潘公司(Stepan Co.,Northfield,IL))为代表,所述沐浴露含70%月桂醇醚硫酸钠(SLES),经DI水稀释,得到在水中的12.064%SLES的最终浓度,pH 7。
实例2
根据本发明封装的芳香剂示出在表2中,列出了各组分的wt.%。
表2
批次1 批次2 批次3
芳香剂混合物(实例1) 20.3 20.3 20.3
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI) 2.28 2.28 2.28
棉籽油 0.20 0.20 0.20
亲脂性染料DiO,D275 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
Brij 35∶58(1∶1) 1.37 1.37 1.37
75.3 68.4 68.3
(2-氨乙基)三甲基氯化铵(AEAC) 0.14 -- 0.14
KYTAMER壳聚糖PCA衍生物 -- 0.033 0.033
四亚乙基五胺(TEPA) 0.23 0.23 0.23
乙二胺(EDA) 0.18 0.18 0.18
为了合成代表性聚脲壳,合并油相(芳香剂混合物、棉籽油、荧光染料以及IPDI)并且混合直到均匀为止。向所述混合物中添加含表面活性剂Brij 35∶58储备溶液、水以及壳聚糖衍生物(当存在时)和/或AEAC(当存在时)的水相并且用IKA Ultra Turrax T25在8000rpm下混合约60秒,产生乳液。
向所有配制品中添加交联剂EDA和TEPA以与IPDI反应产生包围或封装油相的壳。
实例3-比较实例
根据常规方法封装的芳香剂示出在表3中,列出了各组分的wt.%。
表3
除了在交联剂之后添加阳离子型表面活性剂或阳离子多糖之外,根据实例2的方法合成聚脲胶囊。基于信息和信念,阳离子型表面活性剂或阳离子多糖不共价连接到聚脲壳。
实例4
制备出实质上根据实例2和3封装的组合物,并且将其添加到由市售STEOL CS-270表面活性剂掺合物(伊利诺伊州诺思菲尔德的斯泰潘公司)制成的代表性沐浴露中,所述沐浴露含70%月桂醇醚硫酸钠(SLES),经DI水稀释,得到在水中的12.064%SLES的最终浓度,pH 7。因此,以2%游离芳香剂的等效浓度将加载有芳香剂的胶囊并入到沐浴露基质中。
为了测试生物粘附(皮肤沉积),将约4g上述沐浴露施加到具有完整角质层的恒定面积(约0.5″×0.5″)的无毛尤卡坦猪(Yucatan pig)皮肤上持续2分钟并且在室温下用去离子水冲洗4分钟。
还通过沉积到用肥皂和DI水充分清洁的载玻片上来测量生物粘附。将并入了等效于2%的游离芳香剂浓度的聚脲壳的沐浴露施加到载玻片上持续2分钟,然后在摇摆动作下用DI水冲洗4分钟。测量载玻片的剩余荧光信号。用在484nm下激发和在501nm下发射的荧光成像测量冲洗后的剩余荧光。因为亲脂性荧光染料与芳香剂一起封装,所以所看到的剩余荧光与含芳香剂的聚脲壳的生物粘附成正比。
沉积在玻璃衬底上的经封装芳香剂的结果(其遵循在皮肤中所注意到的趋势)以对应于剩余荧光的像素强度的比率形式示出在表4中,所述像素强度比率与经封装芳香剂的生物粘附成正比:
表4
相对生物粘附
未封装的芳香剂 1.0
批次1 2.9
批次2 4.4
批次3 6.4
比较批次A 1.0
比较批次B 1.0
批次3当相比于批次1和批次2时,展示出生物粘附协同增加6.41倍。所有三个本发明样品皆证明,经封装芳香剂可以在加载有阴离子型表面活性剂的沐浴露基质中获得生物粘附。不受理论束缚,经共价阳离子改性的聚脲壳的性能显著优于比较批次A和比较批次B,即仅与常规阳离子添加剂缔合的聚脲壳,其是在壳形成之后以物理方式添加并且不化学连接到壳表面。

Claims (15)

1.一种个人护理组合物,包含:
阴离子型表面活性剂;和
封装选自由芳香剂、维生素、提取物或治疗性活性剂组成的群组的疏水性个人护理活性剂的聚脲壳,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种选自由季胺和阳离子生物聚合物组成的群组的共价连接的阳离子聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少两种共价连接的阳离子聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种共价连接的季胺和至少一种共价连接的阳离子生物聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述疏水性个人护理活性剂以0.1wt.%到10wt.%的范围存在。
5.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述疏水性个人护理活性剂是芳香剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中共价连接到所述聚脲壳的所述季胺是(2-氨乙基)三甲基氯化铵和聚异氰酸酯的反应产物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述季胺以0.001wt.%到0.2wt.%的范围存在。
8.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阳离子生物聚合物是壳聚糖。
9.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阳离子生物聚合物以0.001wt.%到0.1wt.%的范围存在。
10.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阴离子型表面活性剂是月桂醇醚硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸铵/钠、月桂基磺基乙酸钠、月桂基磺基丁二酸二钠或甲基2-磺基月桂酸钠。
11.根据权利要求1所述的个人护理组合物,其中所述阴离子型表面活性剂以1wt.%到25wt.%的范围存在。
12.一种使芳香剂沉积于个体皮肤上的方法,包含:
将所述芳香剂封装在聚脲壳中,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种选自由季胺和阳离子生物聚合物组成的群组的共价连接的阳离子聚合物;
将所述聚脲壳并入到沐浴露中;以及
向所述个体施加所述沐浴露。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述至少一种共价连接的阳离子生物聚合物是壳聚糖。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述封装步骤包括乳化含所述芳香剂的油相和含所述阳离子聚合物的水相,其限制条件为在所述聚脲壳之前形成乳液。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述聚脲壳具有至少一种共价连接的季胺和至少一种共价连接的阳离子生物聚合物。
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