CN104985791B - 一种粘度‑温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺 - Google Patents

一种粘度‑温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺 Download PDF

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CN104985791B
CN104985791B CN201510435611.3A CN201510435611A CN104985791B CN 104985791 B CN104985791 B CN 104985791B CN 201510435611 A CN201510435611 A CN 201510435611A CN 104985791 B CN104985791 B CN 104985791B
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linear polymer
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extruder
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CN104985791A (zh
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付秀娟
李建敏
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Wuhan Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/87—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
    • B29C48/797—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种粘度‑温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺，所述一步法直挤成型工艺包括以下步骤：1)将粘度‑温度非线性聚合物进行干燥处理，使其含水量不超过0.5％；2)采用差示扫描量热法对粘度‑温度非线性聚合物的熔融结晶行为进行测试，确定聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度；3)将挤出机的挤出口模温度设定为熔体结晶峰值温度，开启挤出机加热系统，达到设定温度后恒温20min，然后开启主机，将干燥处理后的聚合物缓慢加入挤出机，通过挤出机挤出成型得到截面形状和尺寸精准的制品。本发明通过一步法直挤成型利用材料自身的冷却结晶以实现定型，工艺简单，不需要配备专门的定型模具，具有成本低、效率高、周期短的特点。

Description

一种粘度-温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子加工技术领域，具体涉及一种粘度-温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺。
背景技术
挤出成型是高分子聚合物重要的成形方法之一。传统挤出成型主要通过挤出和定型两步法实现，首先熔体通过挤出机头获得机头流道的截面形状，然后经过定型模具把已获得的形状固定下来，成形为具有一定截面形状和尺寸精度的挤出制品，传统挤出工艺流程图如图1所示。粘度与温度显著非线性聚合物进入挤出流动状态后，其极低的熔体强度难于保持口模特定的截面形状，挤出口模的熔体一方面在重力作用下扭曲变形，另一方面由于温度下降引起熔体的结晶，无法通过传统的定型方式精准其形状和尺寸。如果降低熔体的成形温度以提高熔体强度，由于粘度与温度之间的显著非线性，熔体粘度急剧增大，其挤出流动性能降低，甚至引起结晶堵塞流道。因此，传统挤出成型方法不适用于粘度-温度显著非线性结晶型聚合物的成形。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，提供一种适用于粘度-温度非线性聚合物加工成型的一步法直挤成型工艺。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案是：
提供一种粘度-温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺，采用单螺杆挤出机对粘度-温度非线性聚合物挤出成型，所述单螺杆挤出机包括加热系统、主机和挤出口模，其中主机分为加料段、压缩段和均化段，其特征在于所述一步法直挤成型工艺包括以下步骤：
1)将粘度-温度非线性聚合物进行干燥处理，使其含水量不超过0.5％；
2)采用差示扫描量热法对粘度-温度非线性聚合物的熔融结晶行为进行测试，确定聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度；
3)将挤出口模温度设定为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度，加料段温度设为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度-10℃，压缩段和均化段的温度设为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度+5℃，开启挤出机加热系统，达到设定温度后恒温20min，然后开启主机，将步骤1)干燥处理后的聚合物缓慢加入单螺杆挤出机，通过挤出机挤出成型得到截面形状和尺寸精准的制品。
本发明通过设定挤出口模温度与聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度一致，开启主机后缓慢加入物料(粘度-温度非线性聚合物)，物料熔融进入挤出模具，挤出模具挤出的熔体由于自然冷却引起温度的下降，能够以最快的结晶速率结晶，快速结晶使挤出制品获得模具流道的截面形状，从而实现挤出制品的定型。然后通过牵引工序对挤出型材的牵引，实现连续挤出成形。
本发明的有益效果在于：传统挤出成型需要定型模具提高挤出制品的形状和尺寸精度，而本发明通过一步法直挤成型利用材料自身的冷却结晶以实现定型，工艺简单，通过协调挤出温度和结晶定型的动态平衡成型粘度-温度非线性聚合物制品，与传统工艺相比，省去了定型和冷却工序，不需要配备专门的定型模具，具有成本低、效率高、周期短的特点。
附图说明
图1为传统挤出工艺流程图；
图2为本发明实施例1一步法直挤成型工艺流程图；
图3为实施例1所用物料的熔融曲线图；
图4为实施例1所用的挤出模具；
图5为实施例1所得制品的外形图(a)及截面图(b)。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例所用物料为粘度—温度非线性聚合物GF/PA66，其玻璃纤维含量为25wt％，材料密度为1.390g/cm3。采用单螺杆挤出机对该聚合物挤出成型，所述单螺杆挤出机包括加热系统、主机和挤出模具，其中主机分为加料段、压缩段和均化段，采用一步法直挤成型工艺对其进行加工成型，步骤如下：
1)将GF/PA66物料放入真空烘箱进行干燥处理，干燥温度为90℃，干燥时间为2h，干燥后含水量小于0.5％；
2)采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对物料的熔融结晶行为进行测试，确定该聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度，熔融曲线图如图3所示，GF/PA66的熔体结晶峰值温度为263℃，结晶起始温度为248℃，结晶终止温度为278℃；
3)将单螺杆挤出机的加料段、压缩段、均化段温度分别设置为253℃、268℃和268℃，挤出模具温度依据结晶峰值温度设定为263℃，挤出模具如图4所示，开启挤出机加热系统，达到设定温度后恒温20min，然后开启主机，将步骤1)干燥处理后的物料缓慢加入挤出机，通过挤出机挤出成型得到截面形状和尺寸精准的制品，所得制品的外形图及截面图如图5所示。本实施例一步法直挤成型工艺流程图如图2所示。

Claims (1)

1.一种粘度-温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺，采用单螺杆挤出机对粘度-温度非线性聚合物挤出成型，所述单螺杆挤出机包括加热系统、主机和挤出模具，其中主机分为加料段、压缩段和均化段，其特征在于所述一步法直挤成型工艺包括以下步骤：
1)将粘度-温度非线性聚合物进行干燥处理，使其含水量不超过0.5％；
2)采用差示扫描量热法对粘度-温度非线性聚合物的熔融结晶行为进行测试，确定聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度；
3)将挤出模具温度设定为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度，加料段温度设为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度-10℃，压缩段和均化段的温度设为聚合物的熔体结晶峰值温度+5℃，开启挤出机加热系统，达到设定温度后恒温20min，然后开启主机，将步骤1)干燥处理后的聚合物缓慢加入单螺杆挤出机，通过挤出机挤出成型得到截面形状和尺寸精准的制品。
CN201510435611.3A 2015-07-22 2015-07-22 一种粘度‑温度非线性聚合物一步法直挤成型工艺 Expired - Fee Related CN104985791B (zh)

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