CN104981461A - 激活酶的化合物及组合物 - Google Patents
激活酶的化合物及组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104981461A CN104981461A CN201380051905.5A CN201380051905A CN104981461A CN 104981461 A CN104981461 A CN 104981461A CN 201380051905 A CN201380051905 A CN 201380051905A CN 104981461 A CN104981461 A CN 104981461A
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- benzyl
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Classifications
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- C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/125—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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Abstract
本发明提供用于调节特定酶的化合物和组合物。所述化合物和组合物可诱导细胞死亡,特别是癌细胞死亡。本发明还提供合成所述化合物和组合物的方法以及所述化合物和组合物的用途,包括化合物和组合物在用于治疗癌症和在细胞中选择性诱导细胞凋亡的疗法中的用途。
Description
相关申请
本申请根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2012年8月3日提交的第61/679,129号美国临时专利申请的优先权,该临时申请全文通过引证的方式纳入本说明书。
背景技术
细胞凋亡为高等生物通过除去过剩的、受损的或有潜在危险的细胞而维持体内稳态的过程。半胱天冬酶为一类半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其在识别含C-端天冬氨酸残基的序列后切开细胞的底物。半胱天冬酶的激活对细胞凋亡至关重要。有两种典型的细胞凋亡途径,其区别在于细胞凋亡的起始刺激为细胞内的(内源性途径)或细胞外的(外源性途径)。这些途径归结于半胱天冬酶原-3的断裂以形成活性的半胱天冬酶-3——其为催化数百蛋白质底物水解的关键“执行者”半胱天冬酶——而导致细胞死亡。
癌症的标志之一是癌细胞逃避细胞凋亡的能力,使其不受抑制地繁殖。因此,在具有有缺陷的凋亡途径的细胞中,细胞凋亡的再激活是一种有前景的抗癌策略。化合物如p53-MDM2干扰物(Nutlins)、Bcl-2抑制剂(ABT-737)及XIAP的抑制剂(SM-164)均直接作用于细胞凋亡级联中的蛋白质,从而诱导细胞凋亡并导致癌细胞死亡。
作为上述策略的补充,采用小分子直接激活半胱天冬酶原-3具有使癌症治疗个性化的潜能。在某些癌症包括淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、胰腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌中,半胱天冬酶原-3的水平提高。由于癌细胞中半胱天冬酶原-3水平的提高、对用于细胞凋亡的半胱天冬酶-3激活的需求以及半胱天冬酶原-3在细胞凋亡级联中相对下游的位置,正在积极探索通过直接激活半胱天冬酶原-3而诱导细胞凋亡作为个性化的抗癌策略。因此,需要新的调节半胱天冬酶原-3活性的化合物,特别是激活半胱天冬酶原-3的化合物以及在代谢上足够稳定以成为有效的临床疗法的化合物。
发明内容
激活半胱天冬酶原的化合物-1(PAC-1)是邻羟基N-酰基腙,其体外增强了半胱天冬酶原-3的酶活性并在癌细胞中诱导细胞凋亡。在患有淋巴瘤的宠物犬上进行的兽医临床试验评估了PAC-1的类似物,称为S-PAC-1,发现其具有相当大的潜能作为抗癌剂。带着这样的目标,即在该类有前景的实验性治疗剂中鉴定更有效的化合物,创建了基于PAC-1的组合库,并评估了这些化合物在培养物中诱导癌细胞死亡的能力。评估了这些化合物在癌细胞中诱导细胞凋亡的能力及其代谢稳定性。这些新鉴定的化合物可提供疗法用于治疗多种具有提高的半胱天冬酶原-3表达水平的癌症。
已经发现能够激活在癌细胞中通常以其非活性形式过度表达的酶的化合物。所述化合物可在癌细胞中诱导程序性细胞死亡(细胞凋亡),所述癌细胞包括那些具有上调的半胱天冬酶原-3的细胞。许多癌症抵抗标准化学疗法。本文所描述的化合物可利用在癌细胞中可能上调的生物靶标,并因此甚至在它们的凋亡机制中有缺陷的细胞中可能是有效的。这些化合物还可通过选择性杀死癌细胞而成功用于靶向癌症治疗中,对具有较低水平半胱天冬酶原-3的非癌性的细胞具有可比较地减少的不良反应。这些不良反应可包括毒性,特别是神经毒性。
因此,本发明提供式Ⅰ化合物的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物:
其中
R1为任选取代的苯甲酰基、苯基、(芳基)亚甲基或(芳基)次甲基,其中次甲基碳任选被苯基取代;
n为1、2、3或4;以及
各R2独立地为H、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、羧基、卤、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、苄基、苄基氧基、硝基、氰基(-CN)、氨磺酰(-SO2NH2)、2-丙烯基、乙炔、N-烷基-三唑或N-苄基-三唑;或两个R2基团形成邻位稠合的苯并基团。
在一些实施方案中,R1为苯甲酰基(Ph(C=O)-)。在其他实施方案中,R1为取代的苯甲酰基。所述苯甲酰基基团可被1、2、3或4个R2基团取代。变量R2可位于苯甲酰基基团的羰基的邻位、间位或对位,或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,n为1或2。在其他实施方案中,n为3或4。变量R2可位于式Ⅰ的羟基基团的邻位、间位或对位,或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,R2为甲基、叔丁基、甲氧基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氨基、乙基氨基、二乙基氨基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、苄基、苄基氧基、硝基、氰基、氨磺酰、2-丙烯基、乙炔、N-甲基-三唑或N-苄基-三唑。在多个实施方案中,n为2且两个R2基团形成邻位稠合的苯并基团。在一些实施方案中,R1苯基基团上的取代基可为取代基R2。在多个实施方案中,R2可独立地为R1芳基基团上的取代基,包括苯甲酰基基团,且所述基团可具有一至五个R2取代基。
在一些实施方案中,n为2且各R2为叔丁基。
在一些实施方案中,n为1且R2为2-丙烯基。
在一些实施方案中,R1为甲氧基-苄基;二甲氧基-苄基;苄基氧基-苄基;叔丁基-苄基;萘基亚甲基;或乙基-苄基。
在某些具体实施方案中,R1为4-甲氧基-苄基;2,5-二甲氧基-苄基;4-苄基氧基-苄基;4-叔丁基-苄基;2-萘基亚甲基;或4-乙基-苄基。
在某些其他具体实施方案中,R1为:
在多个具体实施方案中,所述化合物为实施例4中化合物1-45中的一个或多个、表1的化合物或其药学可接受的盐或溶剂合物。在其他实施方案中,所述化合物为本文所描述的化合物,其中对于每一个本文所描述或举例说明的在连接至远端哌嗪氮的亚甲基碳上没有氧代基团的化合物而言,连接至远端哌嗪氮的亚甲基碳可被氧代基团取代,例如:
以及
等。例如,在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为式(X)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
其中
R10为H、F、Cl、Br、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2;
R20为H、F、Cl、Br、-NO2、-CN、CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2;以及
R30为H、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烯基或(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在一些实施方案中,R10为H。
在一些实施方案中,R10为F、Cl或Br。
在一些实施方案中,R10为-NO2或-CN。
在一些实施方案中,R10为-CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2。
在一些实施方案中,R20为H。在一些实施方案中,R20为F。在一些实施方案中,R20为H或F。
在一些实施方案中,R20为F、Cl或Br。
在一些实施方案中,R20为-NO2或-CN。
在一些实施方案中,R20为-CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2。
在一些实施方案中,R30为H。
在一些实施方案中,R30为正丙基。
在一些实施方案中,R30为2-丙烯基(烯丙基)。
在一些实施方案中,R10可为上述R1,反之亦然。
在一些实施方案中,R20可为上述R2,反之亦然。
在一些实施方案中,R30可为上述R3,反之亦然。
本发明还提供包含本文所描述的化合物和药学上可接受的稀释剂、赋形剂或载体的药物组合物。在一些实施方案中,所述化合物在培养物中诱导癌细胞死亡。
本发明还提供治疗癌细胞的方法,包括(a)采用半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物鉴定癌细胞对治疗的敏感性;和(b)使癌细胞暴露于有效量的半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物;其中所述半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物为本文所描述的化合物。
本发明还提供在细胞中诱导细胞凋亡的方法,包括给予细胞有效量的本文所描述的化合物。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供包含有效浓度——如约10nM至约100μM——的化合物或分子式的化合物和方法。在一些实施方案中,所述有效浓度为约200nM至约5μM。在另一实施方案中,所述有效浓度为如在直接半胱天冬酶原激活试验中、在细胞凋亡诱导试验中或在动物临床治疗学评估中的50%的活性浓度的数值。在另一实施方案中,所述数值小于约200μM。在多个实施方案中,所述数值小于约10μM。在多个实施方案中,化合物可具有明显的代谢稳定性。例如,在肝微粒体稳定性试验中,在3小时培育后,至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约90%或至少约95%的化合物样品可保留下来。
因此,本发明提供化合物、组合物和治疗学治疗方法。在一些实施方案中,本发明可应用于多种癌症疾病和癌细胞类型如乳腺、淋巴瘤、肾上腺、肾脏、黑素瘤、白血病、成神经细胞瘤、肺、大脑以及其他的环境中。
本发明提供本文所描述的新的化合物和本文所描述分子式的化合物、用于合成所述化合物的中间体以及制备所述化合物的方法。本发明还提供可用作合成其他有用化合物的中间体的化合物。
本发明还提供本文所描述组合物用于医学治疗的用途。所述医学治疗可为治疗癌症,例如淋巴瘤、白血病、黑素瘤、胰腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌。本发明还提供本文所描述组合物用于制造治疗哺乳动物疾病——例如人类癌症——的药物的用途。所述药物可包含药学上可接受的稀释剂、赋形剂或载体。
附图说明
以下附图构成本说明书的一部分,这些附图包含于说明书中以进一步证明本发明的某些实施方案或多个方面。在一些情况中,通过参考附图并结合本文所呈现的详细描述可最好地理解本发明的实施方案。该描述和附图可突出某一具体实施例或本发明的某一方面。然而,本领域技术人员将理解部分实施例或方面可与本发明的其他实施例或方面结合使用。
图1用于构建PAC-1类似物的组合库的酰肼。在多个实施方案中,各R1苄基酰肼前体还可为相应的R1苯甲酰基酰肼前体化合物。
图2根据某些实施方案,用于PAC-1类似物的组合库的醛。
图3细胞培养物活性。采用化合物在25μM下处理24小时的U-937细胞(人淋巴瘤)。通过阿拉马蓝(Alamar blue)试验评估细胞生存力。误差棒代表偏离平均值(n=3)的标准误差。
图4肝微粒体稳定性试验。化合物(10μM)与肝微粒体培育3h并用含内标物的MeCN淬灭,通过LC/MS(280nm)分析。
具体实施方式
在2006年,报道了激活半胱天冬酶原的化合物-1(PAC-1,方案A)的发现(Putt et al.,Nat Chem Biol 2006,2,543-550)。PAC-1体外增强了半胱天冬酶原-3的酶活性、在癌细胞中诱导凋亡性细胞死亡并在多种鼠肿瘤模型显示效能。构效关系研究显示出PAC-1体外和在细胞培养物中的活性取决于邻羟基N-酰基腙部分(方案A)的存在,所述邻羟基N-酰基腙部分为已知参与金属螯合的官能团。的确,锌是一种强有力的半胱天冬酶原-3酶活性的抑制剂,PAC-1体外激活半胱天冬酶原-3的机理为通过对半胱天冬酶原-3中抑制性锌的螯合作用,这使半胱天冬酶原-3将自身加工为活性形式。同样的基本机理似乎也在细胞培养物中起作用:大约10%的细胞锌不是紧密结合的而是作为“不稳定锌池(labile zinc pool)”存在。由于来自不稳定池的锌已显示与半胱天冬酶原-3共定位(co-localize),因此似乎PAC-1对细胞内部不稳定锌的螯合作用增强半胱天冬酶原-3活性,导致细胞凋亡。
方案A:PAC-1和S-PAC-1,具有邻羟基N-酰基腙基序,及相应的苯甲酰基(Bz)衍生物。
可将PAC-1在使血清浓度保持48小时~10μM的剂量下安全地给予小鼠和研究用犬。可将含氨磺酰的PAC-1衍生物——称为S-PAC-1(方案A)——在小鼠中提供非常高的血清浓度(~3.5mM)的剂量下安全地给药。令人鼓舞的是,在患有自发形成的淋巴瘤的宠物犬中,S-PAC-1(以24-或72-小时连续的静脉输注给药)的兽医临床试验显示该化合物在所有兽医患者中均是安全的,并且在减少或稳定肿瘤生长方面对6个患者中的4个是有效的。该结果对这样的想法提供概念证明,即经由小分子对不稳定锌的螯合作用的半胱天冬酶原-3激活可以是安全且有效的抗癌策略。在连续的对更有效的PAC-1衍生物的研究中,我们在本文中报道新的PAC-1类似物的合成、对这些化合物在培养物中诱导癌细胞死亡的能力的评估以及对具有增强的代谢稳定性的各种化合物的进一步表征。
基于PAC-1的组合库的设计和合成。以鉴定能够在培养物中引起癌细胞的有效死亡的化合物为目标,设计了PAC-1类似物的库。由于直至至少24小时时仍未达到S-PAC-1的最大细胞毒性,且PAC-1和S-PAC-1两者均呈现体内1-2小时的短的半衰期,因此该研究的第二目标为鉴定可更快地诱导细胞凋亡的PAC-1类似物。报道了PAC-1和S-PAC-1的合成路线,以及其他PAC-1类似物的合成路线,它们利用酰肼和醛的缩合作为合成方案的最终的步骤(美国专利公开第2007/0049602号)(WO2008/134474(Hergenrother et al.))。PAC-1合成的这种模块化性质使不同排列的官能团被方便地纳入PAC-1骨架中而不改变核心邻羟基N-酰基腙基序,该邻羟基N-酰基腙基序对于半胱天冬酶原-3激活和细胞凋亡的诱导而言是必要的。
如图1和2所示,选择31种酰肼(1{1-31})和27种醛(2{1-27})用于构建837种PAC-1类似物的库。该酰肼是从市售可得的苄基卤化物起始原料构建的。之前已报道过酰肼1{1-6}的合成(Putt et al.,Nat ChemBiol 2006,2,543-550;Peterson et al.,J Med Chem 2009,52,5721-5731;Peterson et al.,Cancer Res 2010,70,7232-41)。酰肼1{7-27}是根据方案1合成的。取代的苄基卤化物4{7-27}首先与哌嗪反应形成取代的苄基哌嗪5{7-27}。采用氯乙酸乙酯对哌嗪环进行第二次烷基化得到二取代的哌嗪6{7-27},然后通过与肼的反应将酯转化为酰肼1{7-27}。
方案1:酰肼1{7-27}的合成。
在方案2中详细地描述了指向酰肼1{28-31}的合成路线。酰肼1{28}的合成通过采用4-乙烯基苄氯(7)对哌嗪进行烷基化形成单取代哌嗪8开始(方案2,反应式1)。采用氯乙酸乙酯的第二次烷基化形成酯9,与肼的反应形成酰肼并将烯烃还原,得到酰肼1{28}。采用肼对烯烃进行的还原通常涉及氧化剂的添加(Miller,C.E.,Hydrogenation with Diimide.J Chem Educ 1965,42,254),但大气氧的存在足以实现该转化。
方案2:酰肼1{28-31}的合成。
酰肼1{29}的合成(方案2,反应式2)由2-(哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯与苄基溴4{29}反应形成中间体6{29}开始。然后6{29}与肼反应形成酰肼1{29}。酰肼1{30}(方案2,反应式3)是如下合成的:由1-苯基哌嗪(5{30})与氯乙酸乙酯反应得到二取代的哌嗪6{30}开始,与肼反应形成酰肼1{30}。酰肼1{31}是通过首先将4-甲基二苯甲酮(11)保护为亚乙基缩醛(12)而合成的,如方案2、反应式4所示。将该化合物在自由基条件下溴化得到苄基溴13。与单取代的哌嗪10反应得到中间体14,与肼反应得到酰肼15。采用含水酸对缩醛进行脱保护得到酰肼1{31}。
源自对~30种化合物的合成和评估的PAC-1的构效关系证实了邻羟基基团的必要性,因此选择27种水杨醛构件块用于库构建。醛2{1-23}是通过商业来源获得的,且之前已经报道了醛2{24-26}的合成(Petersonet al.,J Med Chem 2009,52,5721-5731;Peterson et al.,Cancer Res 2010,70,7232-41;Chang et al.,Dalton Trans 2004,1731-8)。醛2{27}是经由铜催化下的醛2{26}与苄基叠氮化物的环加成而合成的,如方案3所示。
方案3:醛2{27}的合成。
使用Büchi Syncore平行合成仪,使各酰肼与各醛缩合,有超过80个反应同时进行。允许各醛(5-15mg)与过量的酰肼(1.7当量)反应,并使用质谱法监测反应混合物中醛的消失。当醛已反应完全后,加入聚苯乙烯结合的苯甲醛作为清除剂树脂与过量的酰肼反应并将其除去。当质谱法显示没有酰肼残留时,将熔珠滤出,并将溶液在高真空下干燥。通过HPLC/MS评价837种化合物中的每一种。各化合物的纯度为约74-100%,平均纯度为91%。
PAC-1组合库的评估。手上已有837种PAC-1类似物,评估了化合物在细胞培养物中诱导细胞凋亡的能力。使U-937人淋巴瘤细胞暴露于浓度为20μM的所述化合物24小时。在这些条件下,PAC-1和S-PAC-1两者均显示出对该细胞系的中等功效(~50%细胞死亡)。凋亡性细胞死亡是通过流式细胞仪、使用膜联蛋白V-FITC/碘化丙啶染色而评价的。通过该筛选过程,鉴定了六种化合物并证实它们在这些条件下诱导>80%的细胞死亡。
表A。六种库化合物在24和72小时两种实验中诱导U-937细胞(人淋巴细胞)的有效的细胞死亡,其中使用磺基罗丹明B(sulforhodamineB)试验对生物量进行定量。
通过命中化合物的细胞死亡诱导以及锌介导的半胱天冬酶原-3抑制的解除。在再合成命中物(3{2,7}、3{4,7}、3{18,7}、3{20,24}、3{25,7}和3{28,7})之后,在进一步的生物学试验中评估化合物的分析纯样品。这些结构和生物学结果在上面的表A中示出。评估了化合物在一定浓度范围在U-937细胞中诱导细胞死亡的能力以及其体外激活半胱天冬酶原-3的能力。发现在细胞培养物中,这些命中物中的全部六种在72-小时处理中比PAC-1和S-PAC-1更有效2-4倍。
在第二实验中,采用膜联蛋白V-FITC/碘化丙啶对U-937细胞进行流式细胞术分析,使所述细胞暴露于单一浓度(7.5μM)的化合物中24小时(表A)。在24小时内,大多数经化合物处理的细胞正在经历细胞凋亡(在直方图右下象限中的细胞——膜联蛋白V阳性,碘化丙啶阴性)或处于凋亡后期/坏死阶段(右上象限——膜联蛋白V阳性,碘化丙啶阳性)。发现所述新的类似物在这些24小时条件下比PAC-1更有效。
然后评估了这六种命中物体外解除锌介导的半胱天冬酶原-3抑制的能力(表A)。在该实验中,将半胱天冬酶原-3和ZnSO4一起培育,在该条件下半胱天冬酶原-3没有酶活性。所有化合物在这些条件下均能增强半胱天冬酶原-3的酶活性(如通过比色的半胱天冬酶-3底物Ac-DEVD-pNA的断裂而测定的,所述底物是按照之前报道的方法合成的(Peterson et al.,Nat Protoc 2010,5,294-302)),且这六个命中化合物中的五个在该测定中显示出比PAC-1更好的活性。这些数据表明所述化合物通过对抑制性锌的螯合作用增强半胱天冬酶原-3的体外活性,并暗示在细胞中所述化合物螯合来自不稳定池的锌,使半胱天冬酶原-3被处理为活性的半胱天冬酶-3,导致凋亡性细胞死亡。
直接调节细胞凋亡蛋白是一种实用的抗癌策略。螯合细胞内的不稳定锌并在癌细胞中诱导细胞凋亡的PAC-1及其衍生物S-PAC-1在多种临床前的抗肿瘤模型中是有效的。然而,更快速且更有效地诱导细胞死亡的衍生物作为疗法甚至将更有吸引力。使用平行合成法并根据已知的SAR指导,我们构建了837种PAC-1类似物并评估了它们诱导细胞死亡的性质。表A所示的六种化合物从这种努力中显现出来。在24-小时和72-小时试验中,这些化合物在诱导癌细胞死亡方面比PAC-1更有效二至四倍。
鉴于命中化合物相对于PAC-1的普遍的疏水性,细胞死亡的增强的潜能和增强的比率可能受增强的细胞渗透性的驱动。当化合物在体内前进时,这些特点很可能是有利的。此外,在检查交替的性质(如用于体内研究的穿过血-脑屏障的倾向、改善的代谢稳定性、改善的溶解性/剂型等)时,该库中的其他成员将很可能作为有活力的体内候选物而显现。因此,该837种化合物的库将是一个从中开发出下一代激活半胱天冬酶原-3的化合物的丰富来源。
其他化合物和分析。
对大约20,000种化合物的高通量筛选鉴定了PAC-1(1,方案A1)为体外增强半胱天冬酶原-3的断裂的化合物。该化合物在广泛的癌细胞系内在培养物中诱导凋亡性细胞死亡并在多种小鼠肿瘤模型中显示出抗癌功效。1进一步的构效关系(SAR)研究鉴定了邻羟基N-酰基腙为关键的药效团。2-3若干含有该基序的PAC-1衍生物在体外和在培养物中具有可比较的活性,但具有改性的核的衍生物则失去活性。3已知邻羟基N-酰基腙螯合金属,4还已知许多金属抑制半胱天冬酶原和半胱天冬酶。2,5-7特别地,来自不稳定锌池的锌(其是松散地结合的并且在这些蛋白质的活性中不起必需作用)已显示出与半胱天冬酶原-3共定位并抑制其酶活性。PAC-1的作用机理可能涉及来自不稳定池的锌的螯合作用,解除锌介导的半胱天冬酶原-3抑制并使该酶将自身加工为活性的形式。2-3
方案A1.PAC-1(1)和S-PAC-1(2)的结构。
PAC-1的药物代谢动力学研究显示可达到大约10μM的血清浓度并具有最小的副作用。8含氨磺酰的PAC-1衍生物——称为S-PAC-1(2,方案A1)——可在350mg/kg或更高的剂量下安全地给药,得到3.5mM的血浆浓度峰值。9与PAC-1相比,这种改善的安全特性在很大程度上归因于其穿过血脑屏障(BBB)的能力降低。10令人鼓舞地,S-PAC-1在减少或稳定肿瘤生长方面对患有自发形成的淋巴瘤的六只犬科患者中的四只是有效的,且该化合物在所有六只犬中的耐受性良好。9该结果证明半胱天冬酶原激活作为安全且有效的抗癌策略的潜力。
结果和讨论。化合物合成。先前的PAC-1及其他衍生物的合成包括酰肼与醛在晚期阶段的缩合以形成关键的邻羟基N-酰基腙。1,3,9,11该反应对于从比较小数量的起始原料产生大数量的衍生物而言是有用的。11在该工作中,PAC-1类似物1-45是通过九种酰肼(46a-i)与五种醛(47a-e)的缩合而合成的,如方案A2所示。
方案A2。用于构建库的构件块。
酰肼是根据方案A3a-c合成的。该合成从哌嗪(48)与氯乙酸乙酯(49)的烷基化形成单取代的哌嗪50开始。然后化合物50与取代的苄基或苯甲酰基卤化物反应以高收率得到二取代的哌嗪51a-i。然后酯与肼反应得到酰肼46a-i。
方案A3。PAC-1类似物的合成。(a)酰肼的合成(46a-i)。(b)醛的合成(47a-e)。(c)酰肼与醛的缩合形成PAC-1类似物(1-45)。
醛的合成如方案A3b所示。采用烯丙基溴将水杨醛(52)和5-氟水杨醛(47c)两者烷基化以高收率得到烯丙氧基苯甲醛53a-b。将这些化合物在200℃加热使这些底物经历克莱森重排以大约50%的收率得到醛47a和47d。最后,采用二苯基硫醚作为催化剂毒物12进行化学选择性氢化以高收率得到醛47b和47e。如方案A3c所示,使各酰肼(46a-i)与各醛(47a-e)在催化量的HCl存在下缩合得到PAC-1衍生物1-45,它们的结构在表1中给出(还参见图3和4)。
表1.PAC-1类似物的结构、实验数据以及预测的logBB值。
PAC-1类似物的评估。合成完成之后,评估了化合物的生物学活性。首先,测定了化合物在培养物中对抗U-937细胞的72-小时IC50值(表1)。令人鼓舞地,发现这些化合物中的每一种在这些条件下均诱导剂量依赖性的细胞死亡,且大多数化合物大致与PAC-1和S-PAC-1一样有效。
接下来,在大鼠肝微粒体中评估了化合物的代谢稳定性。将化合物在10μM下评估3小时,并通过LC/MS观察代谢产物。该试验的结果在表1中示出。含苯甲酰基取代基的化合物比含苄基基团的类似化合物明显更稳定。出乎意料地,含丙基的化合物比含烯丙基的化合物较不稳定,尽管采用丙基化合物未观察到二羟基化的代谢产物。此外,S-PAC-1在肝微粒体中相当稳定,尽管该化合物的体内半衰期短,这暗示其他清除机理在S-PAC-1从体内的消除中起着更大的作用。
最后,对各化合物计算了预测的logBB值。将该算法(包括极性表面积和ClogP)用于预测小分子穿过血脑屏障(BBB)的渗透性。13具有更正向的logBB值的化合物将在脑中具有较高的浓度,而具有较负向的logBB值的化合物将在血液中具有较高的浓度。所述值在表1中示出。正如所预期的,含有更多疏水取代基的化合物被预测为比含有更多极性取代基的化合物穿过BBB的程度更高。
体内毒性的评价。带着鉴定具有改善的耐受性的化合物这样的目标,在小鼠中评估了45种PAC-1类似物中的32种。该毒性研究结果在表1中示出。毒性水平被认定为0(未观测到不良反应)至3(严重毒性,几乎致命)的等级。许多化合物对小鼠而言是致死的,因为小鼠或者在处理的24小时内死亡或者大于处理后72小时时死亡;这些结果也是显著的。
引文。
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定义
如本文中所使用的,所引用的术语具有如下含义。本说明书所使用的所有其他术语和短语均具有如本领域技术人员将会理解的其普通含义。所述普通含义可通过参考技术词典获得,如Hawley’s Condensed ChemicalDictionary第14版,R.J.Lewis,John Wiley & Sons著,纽约,N.Y.,2001。
在本说明书中,提及“一个实施方案”或“一实施方案”等,表示所描述的实施方案可包含特定的方面、特征、结构、部分或特性,但不是每个实施方案必然包含该方面、特征、结构、部分或特性。此外,所述短语可以,但不必然,指在本说明书其他部分中所提及的相同的实施方案。另外,当结合实施方案来描述特定的方面、特征、结构、部分或特性时,无论是否明确地描述,使所述方面、特征、结构、部分或特性影响其他实施方案或与其他实施方案联合,这均在本领域技术人员的知识范围内。
单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”均包括复数指代,除非上下文另有清晰的指示。因此,例如,提及“一个化合物”包括多个所述化合物,因此一个化合物X包括多个化合物X。还要注意,可将权利要求书撰写为排除任意任选元素。因此,该表述旨在作为应用与权利要求元素的叙述相关的排他性术语(如“单独地”、“仅”等)或者应用“否定”限定的先前基础。
术语“和/或”意指所述项目中的任一项、所述项目的任意结合或与该术语相关的所述项目的全部。短语“一或多个”很容易被本领域技术人员所理解,特别是在读到其用法的上下文时。例如,苯环上的一或多个取代基是指一至五个或一至四个,例如如果该苯环是二取代的。
术语“约”可指指定值的±5%、±10%、±20%或±25%的变异。例如,“约50%”在一些实施方案中可支撑45至55%的变异。对于整数范围而言,术语“约”可包括一或两个大于和/或小于该范围各端所列举整数的整数。除非本文另有指示,术语“约”旨在包括近似于所列举范围的数值(如重量百分比),所述近似的数值在单个成分、组合物或实施方案中的功能性是等效的。
技术人员将理解,所有的数字,包括那些表示组分的量、性质(如分子量)、反应条件等的数字,均为近似值并应理解为在所有情况下均任选地被术语“约”所修饰。这些数值可依据本领域技术人员利用本说明书的教导所寻求获得的期望性质而变化。还应理解所述数值固有地包含必然由在它们各自的测试测量中所发现的标准偏差引起的变异性。
本领域技术人员将理解,为了任何的和所有的目的,特别是在提供书面说明书方面,本文所列举的所有范围还涵盖任何的和可能的亚范围以及其亚范围的组合,以及构成该范围的各个值,特别是整数值。所列举的范围(例如重量百分比或碳基团)包括该范围内的各具体值、整数、小数或本数(identity)。任意何所列出的范围均可被容易地认定为充分地描述的且使得同样的范围被分割为至少二等分、三等分、四等分、五等分或十等分。作为非限制性实例,本文所讨论的各范围均可被容易地分割为下三分之一、中三分之一或上三分之一等。本领域技术人员还将理解,所有用语如“最高达”、“至少”、“大于”、“小于”、“多于”、“或更多”等均包含所列举的数字且所述术语是指随后可被如上述被分割为亚范围的范围。以同样的方式,本文所列举的所有比值还包括所有落入该较宽比值内的亚比值。因此,针对原子团、取代基和范围所列举的具体值仅用于说明;它们不排除针对原子团或取代基所定义的范围内的其他定义值或其他值。
本领域技术人员还应将容易地认识到当将成员被以常见方式集合到一起时,如在马库什(Markush)组中,该发明不仅涵盖作为整体所列出的整个组,还涵盖该组的各单独的成员以及该主组的所有可能的亚组。此外,为各种目的,本发明不仅涵盖主组,还涵盖缺少一或多个组成员的主组。因此,本发明设想明确排除所列出的组中的任何一或多个成员。因此,条件可适用于任何所公开的类别或实施方案,借此可从所述类别或实施方案中排除任何一或多个所列举的元素、种类或实施方案,例如,如同在明确的否定限制中所使用的。
术语“接触”是指接触的行为、使接触或使贴近或紧密地接近,包括在细胞或分子水平上,例如在溶液中、在反应混合物中、体外或体内,引起生理反应、化学反应或物理变化。
“有效量”是指有效治疗疾病、紊乱和/或病症的量,或有效引起所列举的效果如激活或抑制的量。例如,有效量可为有效减少所治疗的病症或症状的进展或严重程度的量。治疗学上有效量的确定完全在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。术语“有效量”旨在包括本文所描述的化合物的量、或本文所描述的化合物的组合的量,例如,所述量在宿主中对治疗或预防疾病或紊乱,或对治疗疾病或紊乱的症状而言是有效的。因此,“有效量”通常意指提供期望的效果的量。在一个实施方案中,有效量是指本文所描述的活性剂单独或与药物载体结合,在单剂量或多剂量给予细胞或受试者(例如患者)时,在抑制生长或增殖、诱导杀伤或防止过度增殖的细胞的生长方面是有效的量。所述生长抑制或杀伤可作为受试者(例如患者)的存活延长超过在缺乏所述治疗时预期的存活时间或受试者相对于缺乏所述治疗时在预后方面的任何改善而反映出来。
术语“治疗(treating)”、“治疗(treat)”和“治疗(treatment)”包括(i)防止疾病、病理学或医学病症的发生(例如预防);(ii)抑制疾病、病理学或医学病症或阻止其发展;(iii)缓解疾病、病理学或医学病症;和/或(iv)减少与疾病、病理学或医学病症相关的症状。因此,术语“治疗(treat)”、“治疗(treatment)”和“治疗(treating)”可延伸至预防并可包括防止(prevent)、防止(prevention)、防止(preventing)、降低、停止或逆转所治疗的病症或症状的进展或严重程度。因此,适当时,术语“治疗”可包括医学、治疗性和/或预防性给药。在一些实施例中,术语“治疗(treatment)”、“治疗(treat)”和“治疗的(treated)”还可指(i)防止肿瘤的生长或肿瘤的再生长(预防),(ii)减少或消除关注的症状或疾病(治疗)(iii)肿瘤的消除或消灭(治愈)。
术语“抑制(inhibit)”、“抑制(inhibiting)”和“抑制(inhibition)”是指延缓、停止或逆转疾病、感染、病症或细胞组的生长或进展。例如,与在缺乏所述治疗或接触时出现的生长或进展相比,该抑制可大于约20%、40%、60%、80%、90%、95%或99%。此外,术语“诱导”、“抑制”、“增强”、“提高”、“增加”“降低”等表示两种状态之间的定量差异,并且可指两种状态之间的至少有统计上显著的差异。例如,“有效抑制过度增殖的细胞生长的量”意指该细胞的生长率,在一些实施方案中,可与未经处理的细胞至少在统计上显著地不同。所述术语在本文中可适用于例如增殖率。
对过度增殖的细胞(例如赘生性细胞)的“生长或增殖的抑制”,该短语是指延缓、中断、阻止或停止其生长和转移,且不必然表示完全消除瘤生长。
术语“癌细胞”涵盖如本领域广泛理解的定义。在一个实施方案中,该术语是指在人或动物中可促成癌症的临床病症的异常调控的细胞。在一些实施方案中,该术语可指人或动物体内的或源于人或动物体的培养的细胞系或细胞。癌细胞可为如本领域所理解的各种各样的分化的细胞、组织或器官类型,且也如本文所描述的。
因此,术语“癌症”通常是指由异常细胞的不受控生长引起的一组超过100种疾病中的任一种。癌症可为实体瘤和淋巴瘤的形式,也可为非实体癌如白血病的形式。与正常细胞增殖直至成熟且然后只作为必需品替换受损的细胞不同,癌细胞可不断地生长或分裂、排挤临近细胞并最终扩散至身体的其他部分。
本发明提供用于治疗癌症或癌性病症的方法。术语“癌性病症”涉及细胞处于异常状态的任何病症或通过快速的增殖或瘤形成来表征的病症。癌性病症在本质上可为恶性的或非恶性的(例如癌前病症)。为进一步描述“癌性病症”,可使用术语“过度增殖性”、“增生的”、“增生”、“恶性的”、“瘤的”和“瘤形成”。这些术语可互换使用且意图包括所有类型的过度增殖性生长、增生的生长、癌性生长或致癌过程、转移性组织或恶性转化的细胞、组织或器官,而不考虑组织病理学类型、侵袭力阶段或癌性确认(例如恶性或非恶性)。
术语“瘤形成”是指导致对正常的生长控制丧失反应性的新细胞生长,例如,赘生性细胞生长。“增生”是指经历异常高的生长率的细胞。然而,如它们的上下文将显示,在一般地提及经历异常的细胞生长率的细胞时,这些术语可互换使用。“瘤形成”和“增生”包括肿瘤,所述肿瘤可为良性的、恶变前的、原位癌、恶性的、实体的或非实体的。
已发现本文所描述的化合物对治疗脑的癌症特别有效。脑的癌症包括,但不限于,少突胶质细胞瘤和胶质母细胞瘤,所述恶性胶质瘤包括多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)。被癌性细胞侵袭的组织可在脑本身(例如颅骨或中央椎管)中或在淋巴组织中、在血管中、在颅神经中、在脑外膜(脑脊膜)中、头骨、垂体腺或松果腺中。可治疗的脑癌的具体形式包括星形细胞瘤、软骨瘤、软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、CNS(中枢神经系统)淋巴瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、神经节神经胶质瘤、神经节瘤(也称为神经节细胞瘤)、神经胶质瘤(包括星形细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤和室管膜瘤)、血管母细胞瘤(也称为血管瘤)、原始神经外胚层肿瘤(PNET)如成神经管细胞瘤、脑膜瘤和前庭神经鞘瘤(以前称为听神经瘤/神经鞘瘤)。
本文所描述的化合物还可用于治疗从源自身体其他器官的癌侵入颅内球体的转移性肿瘤。这些病症通常称为继发性脑瘤。可采用本文所描述的化合物治疗的继发性脑瘤包括源自肺癌、乳腺癌、恶性黑素瘤、肾癌、结肠癌和其他癌的脑转移性肿瘤。
在本发明范围内的癌性病症的其他实例包括,但不限于,成神经细胞瘤和成骨性癌(例如骨癌或骨中组织的瘤形成性生长)。可采用本文所描述的化合物治疗的恶性原发性骨肿瘤的实例包括骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、Ewing氏肉瘤、纤维肉瘤等,以及继发性骨肿瘤如已从其他器官——包括乳腺、肺和前列腺的癌——扩散的转移性病灶。
术语烷基、环烷基、烯基、烯基、芳基、氨基基团、烷氧基、卤、卤代烷基、杂芳基、杂环和酯是本领域公知的并具有它们在本领域公认的定义,如在美国专利公开第2012/0040995号(Hergenrother等)中所描述的。
例如,术语“烷基”是指单价的有支链或无支链的饱和烃链,优选具有1至22个碳原子,并且指具有一或多个含3至22个碳原子的环的环烷基基团。短链烷基基团为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基基团,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基基团,包括其所有的异构体。长链烷基基团为具有8-22个碳原子且优选具有12-22个碳原子以及具有12-20和具有16-18个碳原子的烷基基团。
因此,术语“烷基”可指单价的有支链或无支链的饱和烃链,优选具有1至22个碳原子。短链烷基基团为具有1至12个碳原子的烷基基团,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基和己基基团,包括其所有的异构体。长链烷基基团为具有12-22个碳原子的烷基基团。该基团可为端基或桥连基。
烷基、杂烷基、芳基、杂芳基和杂环基团,以及其环状的和/或不饱和的变体,可为式Ⅰ的R基团,且各基团可被任选取代。因此,在多个实施方案中,以下取代基中的任何一个或多个可为本文所描述的基团或分子式的R基团(例如,R1、R2、R2、R10、R20、R30等)。术语“取代的”表示在使用“取代的”的表述中所指示的基团上的一或多个氢原子被“取代基”替换。由‘一或多个’所指代的数字可从取代基所在的部分明显地看出。例如,一或多个可指,例如1、2、3、4、5或6个;在一些实施方案中指1、2或3个;以及在其他实施方案中指1或2个。所述取代基可为从所指示的基团中选择的一个,或可为本领域技术人员已知的合适的基团,条件是不超过该取代的原子的正常原子价,且条件是该取代得到稳定的化合物。合适的取代基基团包括例如烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、卤、卤代烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、芳基、芳酰基、(芳基)烷基(例如,苄基或苯基乙基)、杂芳基、杂环、环烷基、烷酰基、烷氧基羰基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、三氟甲硫基、二氟甲基、酰氨基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、酮基、硫代、烷硫基、烷基亚磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、杂芳基亚磺酰基、杂芳基磺酰基、杂环亚磺酰基、杂环磺酰基、磷酸酯、硫酸酯、羟胺、羟基(烷基)胺以及氰基。此外,合适的取代基基团可为例如-X、-R、-O-、-OR、-SR、-S-、-NR2、-NR3、=NR、-CX3、-CN、-OCN、-SCN、-N=C=O、-NCS、-NO、-NO2、=N2、-N3、-NC(=O)R、-C(=O)R、-C(=O)NRR、-S(=O)2O-、-S(=O)2OH、-S(=O)2R、-OS(=O)2OR、-S(=O)2NR、-S(=O)R、-OP(=O)O2RR、-P(=O)O2RR、-P(=O)(O-)2、-P(=O)(OH)2、-C(=O)R、-C(=O)X、-C(S)R、-C(O)OR、-C(O)O-、-C(S)OR、-C(O)SR、-C(S)SR、-C(O)NRR、-C(S)NRR或-C(NR)NRR,其中各X独立地为卤素(“卤”):F、Cl、Br或I;且各R独立地为H、烷基、芳基、(芳基)烷基(例如苄基)、杂芳基、(杂芳基)烷基、杂环、杂环(烷基)或保护基团。本领域技术人员将容易地理解,当取代基为酮基(=O)或硫代(=S)等时,则被取代原子上的两个氢原子被替换。在一些实施方案中,可从适合于被取代基基团上的取代基的可能值的组中排除一或多个上述取代基,如本文所描述的基团或分子式中的R基团(例如,R1、R2、R2、R10、R20、R30等)。
术语“环烷基”是指具有单个环状环或多个稠合环的3至22个碳原子的环状烷基基团。环烷基基团包括具有3-8元环的环烷基基团和具有5和6元环的环烷基基团。环烷基基团包括,例如,单环结构如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环辛基等,或多环结构如金刚烷基等。
术语“烯基”是指有支链或无支链的不饱和烃基团的单价基团,优选具有2至22个碳原子,以及是指具有一或多个含3至22个碳原子的环——其中至少一个环含双键——的环烯基基团。烯基基团可包含一或多个双键(C=C),所述双键可为共轭的。优选的烯基基团为具有1或2个双键的烯基基团。短链烯基基团为具有2至6个碳原子的烯基基团,包括乙烯(乙烯基)丙烯、丁烯、戊烯和己烯基团,包括其所有的异构体。长链烯基基团为具有8-22个碳原子且优选具有12-22个碳原子以及具有12-20个碳原子和具有16-18个碳原子的烯基基团。术语“环烯基”是指具有单个环状环或多个稠合环——其中至少一个环含双键(C=C)——的3至22个碳原子的环状烯基基团。环烯基基团包括,例如,单环结构如环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环辛烯基、环辛二烯基和环辛三烯基。术语烯丙基是指烯基基团-CH2-CH=CH2。
术语“炔基”是指优选具有2至22个碳原子且具有一或多个三键(C≡C)的不饱和烃的单价基团。炔基基团包括乙炔基、炔丙基等。短链炔基基团为具有2至6个碳原子的炔基基团,包括其所有的异构体。长链炔基基团为具有8-22个碳原子且优选具有12-22个碳原子以及具有12-20个碳原子和具有16-18个碳原子的炔基基团。
术语“芳基”是指包含6至22个碳原子的不饱和芳族碳环基团的基团,其具有单环(例如苯基)、一或多个环(例如,联苯基)或多个稠合(稠)环,其中至少一个环为芳族的(例如,萘基、二氢菲基、芴基或蒽基)。芳基包括苯基、萘基等。除不饱和的芳族环外,芳基基团可包含烷基、烯基或炔基部分。术语“烷芳基”是指包含烷基部分的芳基基团,即-亚烷基-芳基和-取代的亚烷基-芳基。所述烷芳基基团的实例为苄基(-CH2-苯基)、苯乙基等。
烷基、烯基、炔基和芳基基团是任选取代的,如本文所描述的(该术语可包括取代的变体),并且取决于基团中的碳原子数和基团的不饱和度,可包含1-8个的非氢取代基。如本文所描述的所有所述变量可为未取代的(其中任何可为氢的变量基团为氢)或被一或多个选自下列的非氢取代基取代:卤素(包括氟、氯、溴或碘)、C1-C3卤代烷基、羟基(OH)、巯基(HS-)、C1-C6烷基、C1-C3烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C3烷氧基、苯基、苄基、烯基、C2-C4烯基、炔基、C2-C4炔基、-NH2、-NR’H、-NR’R”、R’CO-、R’R”NCO-、R’CO-NH-、或R’CO-NR’-,其中R’和R”为C1-C6烷基、C1-C3烷基或苯基。
术语“氨基”是指基团-NH2或基团-NR’R”,其中各R’和R”独立地选自氢、烷基或芳基基团。
“卤代烷基”是指被一或多个如本文所定义的卤基团所取代的如本文所定义的烷基,所述卤基团可为相同或不同的。代表性的卤代烷基基团包括,例如,三氟甲基、3-氟十二烷基、12,12,12-三氟十二烷基、2-溴辛基、3-溴-6-氯庚基等。
术语“杂芳基”是指2至22个碳原子的芳族基团,其在至少一个环内(如果有多于一个的环)具有1至4个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子。杂芳基基团可以是任选取代的。杂芳基基团其中包括具有5和6-元环的杂芳基基团和环上具有一或两个氮的杂芳基基团、环上具有一或两个氧的杂芳基基团以及环上具有一或两个硫的杂芳基基团。
术语“杂环”或“杂环的”是指具有单个环或多个稠合环的饱和或不饱和的单价基团,其具有2-22个碳原子并且在至少一个环内具有1至6个杂原子、优选1至4个杂原子,所述杂原子选自氮、硫、磷和/或氧。杂环的基团可以是取代的。环优选具有3-10个成员且更具体而言具有5或6个成员。
术语“酯”是指如本领域所理解的化学实体且尤其可包括(RCO-)形式的基团。
本发明的化合物包括由所公开的化合物的取代而产生的所有新的立体化学异构体。
药物制剂
可将本文所描述的化合物用于制备治疗性药物组合物。所述化合物可以盐或溶剂合物的形式加入到组合物中。例如,在化合物具有足够的碱性或酸性可以形成稳定的无毒的酸或碱的盐的情况下,将化合物以盐的形式给药可能是合适的。药学上可接受的盐的实例为与形成生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸形成的有机酸加成盐,例如,甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、苯甲酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、α-酮戊二酸盐和β-甘油磷酸盐。还可形成合适的无机盐,包括盐酸盐、卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸氢盐和碳酸盐。
药学上可接受的盐可通过使用本领域公知的标准方法获得,例如通过使具有足够碱性的化合物(如胺)与合适的酸反应得到生理学上可接受的离子化合物。还可通过类似的方法制备碱金属(例如,钠、钾或锂)或碱土金属(例如钙)的羧酸盐。
可将本文所描述的分子式化合物配制为药物组合物并且以多种形式给予哺乳动物宿主,如人患者。可使所述形式特别地适合于所选择的给药途径,例如,口服给药或经由静脉内、肌肉内、局部或皮下途径的肠胃外给药。
本文所描述的化合物可结合药学上可接受的载体——如惰性稀释剂或可吸收的可食载体——而全身地给药。对于口服给药,可将化合物封装于硬壳或软壳明胶胶囊中、压制成片剂或直接掺入患者的食物中。还可将化合物与一或多种赋形剂结合并以可摄取的片剂、含片、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、悬浮剂、糖浆剂、糯米纸囊剂(wafers)等形式使用。所述组合物和制剂通常包含至少0.1%的活性化合物。组合物和制剂的百分数可变化且便利地为给定单位剂量形式重量的约2%至约60%。活性化合物于所述治疗上有用的组合物中的量是如此,以至于可获得有效的剂量水平。
片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊剂等还可包含下列中的一或多种:粘合剂如黄蓍胶、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶;赋形剂如磷酸二钙;崩解剂如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、海藻酸等;以及润滑剂如硬脂酸镁。可加入甜味剂如蔗糖、果糖、乳糖或阿司帕坦;或芳香剂如薄荷、冬青油或樱桃香精。当单位剂量形式为胶囊时,除上述类型的材料外,其可包含液体载体,如植物油或聚乙二醇。多种其他材料可作为包衣存在或否则改变固体单位剂量形式的物理形式。例如,片剂、丸剂或胶囊可包覆明胶、蜡、虫胶或糖等。糖浆剂或酏剂可包含活性化合物、蔗糖或果糖作为甜味剂,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为防腐剂,着色剂和调味剂如樱桃或橙香精。用于制备任何单位剂量形式的任何材料应该是药学上可接受的且在所使用的剂量下基本无毒。此外,可将活性化合物掺入缓慢释放的制剂和装置中。
活性化合物可通过输注或注射而静脉内或腹膜内给药。活性化合物或其盐的溶液可在任选混合有无毒表面活性剂的水中制备。分散体可在甘油、液态聚乙二醇、三醋汀或其混合物中,或在药学上可接受的油中制备。在普通的储存和使用条件下,制剂可包含防腐剂以防止微生物的生长。
适于注射或输注的药物剂量形式可包括无菌水溶液、分散相或无菌粉末,所述无菌粉末包含适合临时配制成无菌可注射的或可输注的溶液或分散相的活性成分,任选包封于脂质体中。最终的剂量形式在生产和储存条件下应当是无菌的、液态的和稳定的。液体载体或媒介物可以是溶剂或液态分散介质,包括,例如,水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇、液态聚乙二醇等)、植物油、无毒甘油酯及其合适的混合物。例如,可通过形成脂质体、通过维护分散相中所要求的颗粒大小或通过使用表面活性剂来维持适当的流动性。可通过多种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂而实现防止微生物的作用,所述抗菌剂和抗真菌剂例如,对羟基苯甲酸类、三氯叔丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等。在许多情况下,优选包含等渗剂,例如,糖、缓冲剂或氯化钠。可注射组合物的延长吸收可通过延迟吸收剂而实现,所述延迟吸收剂例如,单硬脂酸铝和/或明胶。
可通过将活性化合物以所需的量掺入含有上面列举的多种其他成分的适当溶剂中,根据需要,随后进行过滤灭菌而制备无菌可注射溶液。在用于配制无菌可注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况中,制备方法可包括真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,得到活性成分加上存在于先前无菌滤过溶液中的任何所需附加成分的粉末。
对于局部给药,化合物可以纯的形式应用,例如当其为液体时。然而,通常希望将活性剂作为组合物或制剂,例如,与皮肤病学上可接受的载体——其可为固体或液体——结合,而给药至皮肤。
有用的固体载体包括细碎的固体如滑石、粘土、微晶纤维素、二氧化硅、矾土等。有用的液体载体包括水、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、醇、二醇或水-醇/二醇掺和物,其中化合物可以有效的水平溶解或分散,任选借助于无毒表面活性剂。可加入辅助剂如香料和附加的抗微生物剂以优化针对给定用途的性质。所得液体组合物可从吸收垫中应用、用于浸渍绷带和其他敷料或使用泵型或气雾剂喷雾器喷在患病区域上。
还可利用增稠剂如合成聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐和酯、脂肪醇、改性纤维素或改性矿物原料与液体载体一起形成易于可涂抹的糊剂、凝胶、软膏、皂等,用于直接敷用于使用者的皮肤。
用于将活性剂递送至皮肤的皮肤病学组合物的实例是本领域已知的;例如,参见美国专利第4,992,478(Geria)、4,820,508(Wortzman)、4,608,392(Jacquet等)和4,559,157(Smith等)号。所述皮肤病学组合物可与本文所描述的化合物结合使用,其中所述组合物中的组分可任选被本文所描述的化合物替换,或可将本文所描述的化合物添加至组合物中。
本文所描述的化合物的有用剂量可通过比较它们在动物模型中的体外活性和体内活性而确定。用于将小鼠和其他动物中的有效剂量外推至人类的方法是本领域已知的;例如,参见美国专利第4,938,949(Borch等)号。治疗应用中所需的化合物或其活性盐或衍生物的量不仅将随着所选择的特定化合物或盐而变化,还将随着给药途径、待治疗病症的性质以及患者的年龄和状况而变化,并将最终由巡诊医生或临床医生决定。
化合物可方便地以单位剂量形式给药,例如,每单位剂量形式包含5至1000mg/m2、方便地10至750mg/m2、最方便地50至500mg/m2的活性成分。所需的剂量可方便地存在于单次剂量中或作为分份剂量在合适的时间间隔下给药,例如,作为每天两次、三次、四次或更多次的亚剂量。所述亚剂量本身还可被进一步分成,例如,许多离散的松散间隔的给药。
本文所描述的化合物可为有效的抗肿瘤剂且与PAC-1相比具有更高的效能和/或降低的毒性。本发明的化合物可比PAC-1更有效且毒性更小,和/或避开PAC-1所遇到的分解代谢的潜在位点,即它们具有与PAC-1不同的代谢谱。
本发明提供在哺乳动物中治疗癌症的治疗方法,包括给予患有癌症的哺乳动物有效量的本文所描述的化合物或组合物。哺乳动物包括灵长类、人类、啮齿动物、犬科动物、猫科动物、牛科动物、绵羊、马科动物、猪、山羊、牛科动物等。癌症是指任何不同类型的恶性肿瘤,例如,结肠癌、乳腺癌、黑素瘤和白血病,一般而言,癌症的特征为不希望的细胞增殖,例如,不受调节的细胞生长、缺乏分化、局部组织侵入和转移。
本发明的化合物治疗癌症的能力可通过使用本领域公知的试验而测定。例如,治疗方案的设计、毒性评估、数据分析、杀死的肿瘤细胞的量以及使用可移植肿瘤筛选的生物学意义是已知的。此外,化合物治疗癌症的能力可使用下面描述的试验而测定。
以下实施例旨在举例说明上述发明,而不应理解为限制本发明的范围。本领域技术人员将很容易理解,实施例给出可实施本发明的许多其他方式。应理解,保持在本发明的范围内可进行许多变型和修改。
实施例
实施例1.合成PAC-1类似物的一般程序
向16×150mm的试管中加入酰肼(1.7当量)、醛(1.0当量)、2-乙氧基乙醇(1mL)和1.2M HCl(10mol%)。将这些试管置于BüchiSyncore平行合成仪上于110℃震摇直到所有的醛已反应(如通过ESI-MS监测)。使反应混合物冷却至室温(~23℃),并加入聚苯乙烯-苯甲醛(3.5当量)。将反应混合物于25-80℃震摇直到无酰肼残留(如通过ESI-MS监测)。使反应混合物冷却至室温,然后将树脂过滤并用2-乙氧基乙醇洗涤。滤液在高真空下干燥得到PAC-1类似物。
实施例2.PAC-1类似物的平行合成
需要无水条件的反应是在氮气或氩气的正压气氛下在烘干的玻璃器皿中进行的。将标准注射器技术用于液体的无水加入。除非另有说明,所有的起始原料、溶剂和试剂均从商业供应商处获得并且不经过进一步纯化即使用。使用230-400目的硅胶进行快速色谱法。化合物1{1}、1{2}、1{3}、1{4}、1{5}、1{6}、2{24}、2{25}、2{26}和PAC-1是如之前所报道的方法合成的。
化合物分析。在Varian Unity 400MHz或500MHz光谱仪上在CDCl3(Sigma)、CD3OD(Sigma)或(CD3)2CO(Sigma)中记录了NMR实验,其中对于1H-NMR和13C-NMR实验采用残留的未氘代溶剂作为内标,对于19F-NMR实验采用1%的CFCl3/CDCl3作为外标。报告了化学位移,δ(ppm);耦合常数,J(Hz);峰裂数(s=单峰,d=双重峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,m=多重峰,br=宽峰);以及积分。在伊利诺伊大学质谱实验室的Micromass Q-Tof Ultima混合四级杆/飞行时间ESI质谱仪上记录了高分辨质谱数据。
一般程序A:1-苄基哌嗪的合成。将无水哌嗪(6.0当量)悬浮于THF(0.45M苄基卤化物)中。将混合物加热至回流直到哌嗪完全溶解。溶解后,将取代的苄基卤化物(1.0当量)加入反应混合物中。立即产生白色固体。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌2.5小时。使混合物冷却至室温。将固体过滤并采用THF和EtOAc洗涤。将经合并的滤液浓缩至原始体积的10%。将浓缩液倒入含采用KOH调至碱性(pH>12)的5%食盐/H2O的分液漏斗中。水层用DCM和EtOAc萃取。合并有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩。粗产品通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化得到纯的1-苄基哌嗪。
一般程序B:乙酯的合成。将取代的1-苄基哌嗪(1.0当量)溶解于丙酮(0.5M)中,然后根据需要向一些反应混合物中加入氯仿以使1-苄基哌嗪完全溶解。加入NaHCO3(1.25当量),并将混合物在室温下搅拌。然后滴加氯乙酸乙酯(1.1当量)。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。使反应混合物冷却至室温。过滤出固体并用丙酮洗涤。浓缩滤液。粗产品通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化得到纯的乙酯。
一般程序C:酰肼的合成。将取代的2-(4-苄基哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(1.0当量)溶解于EtOH(0.5M)中。搅拌溶液并滴加无水肼(3.0-4.0当量)。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。使反应混合物冷却至室温并浓缩。将浓缩液转移至包含采用KOH调至碱性(pH>12)的1:1盐水:H2O的分液漏斗中。水层用DCM(3x)和EtOAc(1x)萃取。经合并的有机层经MgSO4干燥并浓缩。粗产品通过硅胶柱色谱法或重结晶纯化得到纯的酰肼。
相应的1-苯甲酰基哌嗪可通过类似的方法制备,例如,如本文所描述或举例说明的,使用合适的任选取代的苯甲酰基卤化物或苯甲酸以及形成酰胺的条件如胺碱(例如Et3N)或EDC-HCl和DMAP。
多种有用的制备方法记载于美国专利公开第2011/0257398(Hergenrother等)、2012/0040995(Hergenrother等)和2013/0096133(Hergenrother等)号中。本发明还涉及在以上提及的出版物中记载的化合物,其中酰肼部分远端的哌嗪氮连接于羰基而不是亚甲基。
方案B.用于合成酰肼的起始原料。
下面描述了一般合成程序的一个实例。
1-(4-(叔丁基)苄基)哌嗪(5{20})
根据一般程序A合成:4-叔丁基苄基溴(4{20},4.05mL,22.0mmol,1当量),哌嗪(11.4g,132.1mmol,6当量),THF(48.1mL)。采用快速柱色谱法在硅胶上纯化(4:1EtOAc:MeOH)得到5{20}(3.75g,73%),其为米黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.30(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.22(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),3.44(s,2H),2.85(t,4H,J=5.0Hz),2.38(br s,4H),1.54(br s,1H),1.29(s,9H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ149.6,134.7,128.7,124.8,63.1,54.3,45.9,34.2,31.2。
2-(4-(4-(叔丁基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(6{20})
根据一般程序B合成:5{20}(3.46g,14.9mmol,1当量),氯乙酸乙酯(1.8mL,16.4mmol,1.1当量),NaHCO3(1.56g,18.6mmol,1.25当量),丙酮(29.8mL),氯仿(10mL)。采用快速柱色谱法在硅胶上纯化(1:1己烷:EtOAc)得到6{20}(4.25g,90%),其为橙色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.31(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.21(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),4.16(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.48(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.58(br s,4H),2.51(br s,4H),1.29(s,9H),1.24(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ170.1,149.7,134.7,128.8,124.9,62.5,60.4,59.4,53.0,52.6,34.3,31.3,14.1。
2-(4-(4-(叔丁基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(1{20})
根据一般程序C合成:6{20}(4.12g,12.9mmol,1当量),无水肼(1.2mL,38.8mmol,3当量),乙醇(26.0mL)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(4:1EtOAc:MeOH)得到1{20}(3.36g,84%),其为米黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ8.17(br s,1H),7.31(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.20(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),3.85(br s,2H),3.46(s,2H),3.05(s,2H),2.52(br s,4H),2.45(br s,4H),1.30(s,9H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ170.4,149.9,134.5,128.7,125.0,62.4,60.5,53.5,52.9,34.3,31.3。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(叔丁基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(3{20,24})
向搅拌的酰肼1{20}(100mg,0.33mmol,1.0当量)和醛2{24}(53.5mg,0.33mmol,1.0当量)于EtOH(2.2mL,0.15M)中的溶液中加入1.2M HCl(7mol%)。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。使反应混合物冷却至室温并浓缩。粗产品通过硅胶柱色谱法(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)纯化得到3{20,24}(102.0mg,0.23mmol,68.9%),其为浅棕色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ11.31(br s,1H),10.09(br s,1H),8.38(s,1H),7.36(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.25(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.19(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.08(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.85(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.04(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.12-5.06(m,2H),3.52(s,2H),3.47(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.20(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.54(br s,4H),1.33(s,9H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ165.8,156.3,151.1,150.0,136.4,134.6,132.2,129.1,128.7,128.1,125.1,118.9,116.8,115.6,62.5,60.9,53.6,53.0,34.4,33.8,31.3.HRMS(ESI):449.2915(M+1);C27H37N4O2计算值:449.2917。
实施例3.PAC-1类似物的生物学评价
材料。除非另有说明,所有试剂均从Fisher获得。所有缓冲液均采用MilliQ纯化水配制。Ac-DEVD-pNA是如先前记载的方法合成的。5Luria broth(LB)是EMD获得的。阿霉素是从Sigma获得的。半胱天冬酶活性缓冲液包含50mM HEPES、300mM NaCl、1.5mM TCEP、0.01%TritonX-100且是经处理的。Ni-NTA结合缓冲液包含50mM Tris(pH 8.0)、300mM NaCl和10mM咪唑。Ni-NTA洗涤缓冲液包含50mM Tris(pH 8.0)、300mM NaCl和50mM咪唑。Ni-NTA洗脱缓冲液包含50mM Tris(pH 8.0)、300mM NaCl和500mM咪唑。膜联蛋白V结合缓冲液包含10mM HEPES pH 7.4、140mM NaCl、2.5mM CaCl2、0.1%BSA。C-端6x组氨酸-标记的半胱天冬酶原-3蛋白是如下所描述的方法表述的。
细胞培养物。U-937细胞是从美国典型培养物保藏中心(AmericanType Culture Collection)获得的并在低传代数下保持。将培养物保持在补充有10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI 1640中并在37℃和5%CO2下生长。
用于初始筛选的细胞死亡试验。将化合物(2μL的10mM DMSO溶液)一次直接加入到于RPMI 1640培养基(10%FBS)中的含有998μLU-937细胞(1×106)的孔中,使最终的化合物浓度为20μM。于37℃培养24h后,将细胞转移到流式细胞仪管中,洗涤并再悬浮于膜联蛋白V结合缓冲液中。采用FITC-膜联蛋白V和碘化丙啶对细胞进行双重染色,并通过LSRⅡ流式细胞仪收集至少10,000株系(events)的细胞群。使用FCS Express软件测定活细胞(膜联蛋白V-阴性,碘化丙啶-阴性)百分比。
72小时IC50细胞死亡试验。将U-937人淋巴瘤细胞以每孔15,000个细胞的密度置于96孔板的孔中,其中各孔中有99μL含10%FBS和1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI 1640生长培养基。向各孔中加入1μL于DMSO中的化合物储备溶液,所述化合物储备溶液的浓度不同使得细胞被介于0μM和100μM之间的浓度处理。将各浓度在每板上一式五份地测试。在各板上,5个孔接受20μM多柔比星作为阳性死亡对照且5个孔接受1μLDMSO作为阴性对照。然后将板于37℃和5%CO2下培养72小时。
在72小时的培养期后,使用磺基罗丹明B试验对板进行分析(Vichai和Kirtikara,Nat Protoc 2006,1,1112-1116)。具体地,向板的各孔中加入25μL 50%(w/v)的三氯乙酸于H2O中的溶液,将板于4℃培养4小时。然后将板用水轻轻地洗涤五次。使板在空气中风干,之后,在室温下,向各孔中加入100μL于1%(v/v)乙酸溶液中的0.057%(w/v)的磺基罗丹明B保持30分钟。将板用1%(v/v)乙酸轻轻地洗涤5次并风干。向各孔中加入200μL 10mM的Tris碱(pH 10.4),并将板置于定轨摇床上三十分钟。在Molecular Devices的平板读数器上,在激发波长和发射波长分别为488nm和585nm下对SRB水平进行荧光测定法定量,计算细胞死亡百分比并将其相对于阳性对照(100%细胞死亡)和阴性对照(0%细胞死亡)而归一化。对各化合物浓度计算细胞死亡百分比的平均值并将其作为化合物浓度的函数绘图。使用Table curve 2D将数据拟合为逻辑剂量响应曲线并计算IC50值。重复该实验三次并报告所计算IC50值的平均值。对于该重复三次的实验,确定并报告平均值的标准误差(SEM)。
经由命中化合物的细胞凋亡诱导。将U-937细胞(1mL的6×105细胞/mL)用10μL化合物的750μM DMSO溶液进行处理以达到7.5μM的最终浓度。将细胞于37℃下培养24小时。通过离心(200g持续5分钟)收集细胞,用PBS(2mL)洗涤,并再悬浮于450μL膜联蛋白V结合缓冲液中。向各样品中加入3.5μL FITC缀合的膜联蛋白V染料(SouthernBiotech)和3.5μL碘化丙啶至最终浓度为50g/mL。在Benton DickinsonLSR II流式细胞仪上分析细胞群。
半胱天冬酶原-3的重组表达和纯化。所适用的技术来自Hergenrother及合作者(Putt et al.,Nat Chem Biol 2006,2,543-550)。将20mL包含半胱天冬酶原-3(野生型)表达质粒的Rosetta大肠杆菌(Rosetta E.coli)过夜培养物接种到2L包含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基中。使培养物生长至OD600=1.0,在该点通过添加IPTG(至1mM)诱导蛋白质表达;使培养物再生长30分钟。然后收集细胞(在10,000xg下旋转10分钟)并再悬浮于NTA结合缓冲液(300mM NaCl,50mM Tris,10mM咪唑,pH8.0)中。在冰上通过超声处理裂解细胞。然后将细胞裂解物在35,000xg下旋转35min。倾析出上清液并加入1mL镍-NTA树脂。将细胞裂解物在4℃下培养45分钟。将树脂装载到柱中,用10mL NTA结合缓冲液洗涤随后用10mL NTA洗涤缓冲液(300mM NaCl,50mM Tris,50mM咪唑,pH 8.0)洗涤。采用10mL NTA洗脱缓冲液(300mM NaCl,50mMTris,500mM咪唑,pH 8.0)以0.5mL的流分洗脱蛋白质。将含蛋白质的流分混合并通过将蛋白质施加于PD-10柱(GE Healthcare)而进一步纯化以除去任何污染的锌,所述PD-10柱充满了已经采用树脂处理过的半胱天冬酶活性缓冲液。使用Edelhoch方法和半胱天冬酶原-3的摩尔吸光系数26150M-1cm-1测定所得浓度。将蛋白质储备液在液氮中快速冷冻并在-80℃下贮存。
半胱天冬酶原-3活性测试。在384-孔板中,将重组表达的不含锌的半胱天冬酶原-3(野生型,1μM)在半胱天冬酶活性缓冲液(50mMHEPES、300mM NaCl、1.5mM TCEP、0.01%TritonX-100)中在3.5μMZnSO4存在下在37℃下培养,并通过加入Ac-DEVD-pNA(孔中的最终浓度为200μM)评估基础活性。采用SpectraMax平板读数器(MolecularDevices)监测在405nm处的吸收。在测定完基础活性后,将DMSO、PAC-1及类似物加入到各样品中使最终浓度为25μM。通过5-分钟的动力学读数在5、20、40和60分钟时评估各处理的活性。将各数据集的斜率用于测定蛋白质活性。使用不含锌的样品和经DMSO处理的锌抑制的样品将活性归一化为各时间点的百分比活性。
实施例4.化合物的制备
材料和方法。一般原则所有要求无水条件的反应是在氮气或氩气的正压气氛下在烘干的玻璃器皿中进行的。将标准的注射器技术用于液体的无水添加。除非另有说明,所有的起始原料、溶剂和试剂是从商业供应商出获得的并且不经进一步纯化即使用。使用230-400目硅胶进行快速柱色谱法。46a、146b、246h、347a、250、2PAC-1(1)1和S-PAC-1(2)2的合成已在前面进行了描述。
化合物分析。在Varian Unity 500MHz光谱仪上在CDCl3(Sigma或Cambridge)、CD3OD(Sigma)或(CD3)2CO(Sigma或Cambridge)中记录了NMR实验;其中对于1H-NMR和13C-NMR,采用残留的未氘代溶剂作为内标,对于19F-NMR,采用C6F6作为内标。报告了化学位移,δ(ppm);耦合常数,J(Hz);峰裂数(s=单峰,d=双重峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,quint=五重峰,sext=六重峰,m=多重峰,br=宽峰);以及积分。在伊利诺伊大学质谱实验室的Micromass Q-Tof Ultima混合四级杆/飞行时间ESI质谱仪或Micromass 70-VSE上记录了高分辨质谱数据。
一般程序A:二烷基化哌嗪的合成。向圆底烧瓶中加入苄基卤化物(1.0当量)、K2CO3(3.0当量)和丙酮(0.2M)。将混合物搅拌,并加入50(1.5当量)。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。使混合物冷却至室温。过滤出固体并用丙酮洗涤。将滤液浓缩,且产物通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化。
一般程序B:酰胺的合成。向烘干的圆底烧瓶中加入50(1.0当量)、无水四氢呋喃(0.2M)和新蒸馏的Et3N(2.0当量)。将溶液在N2下于0℃搅拌,并加入苯甲酰氯(1.0当量)。将反应混合物在N2下于室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释并用饱和NaHCO3(2x)、H2O和盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。产物通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化。
一般程序C:酰肼的合成。向圆底烧瓶中加入乙酯(1.0当量)以及EtOH或2:1的EtOH:MeOH(0.5M)。将溶液搅拌并滴加无水肼(4.0当量)。将反应混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。使反应混合物冷却至室温并浓缩。所得残留物在CH2Cl2/1:1盐水:0.1M KOH之间分配。分离各层,水层用CH2Cl2(2x)萃取。经合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱法或重结晶纯化得到纯的酰肼。
2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51c)
根据一般程序B合成:50(2.45g,14.2mmol,1.0当量),无水四氢呋喃(70mL,0.2M),新蒸馏的Et3N(4.0mL,28.4mmol,2.0当量),苯甲酰氯(54c,2.0g,1.7mL,1.0当量)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(50-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到51c(2.87g,73.1%),其为淡黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41-7.38(m,5H),4.19(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.85(br s,2H),3.48(br s,2H),3.25(s,2H),2.68(br s),2.54(br s,2H),1.27(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,170.2,135.9,129.9,128.7,127.3,61.0,59.4,53.3(br),52.8(br),47.8(br),42.1(br),14.4.HRMS(ESI):277.1552(M+1);C15H21N2O3计算值:277.1552。
2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46c)
根据一般程序C合成:51c(2.87g,10.4mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(1.31mL,41.6mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(20mL,0.5M)。在萃取之后不经进一步纯化即得到46c(1.41g,51.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(s,1H),7.39-7.34(m,5H),3.84(br s,2H),3.77(br s,2H),3.43(br s,2H),3.08(s,2H),2.56(br s,2H),2.44(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,169.9,135.5,130.0,128.7,127.1,60.6,53.9(br),53.4(br),47.7(br),42.2(br).HRMS(ESI):263.1513(M+1);C13H19N4O2计算值:263.1508。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51d)
根据一般程序A合成:4-(溴甲基)苯甲腈(54d,2.0g,10.2mmol,1.0当量),50(2.64g,15.3mmol,1.5当量),K2CO3(4.22g,30.6mmol,3.0当量),丙酮(50mL,0.2M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(50-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到51d(2.71g,92.3%),其为黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.44(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),4.18(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.55(s,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.61(br s,4H),2.51(br s,4H),1.26(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.4,144.4,132.3,129.7,119.2,111.0,62.5,60.8,59.6,53.1,53.1,14.4.HRMS(ESI):288.1718(M+1);C16H22N3O2计算值:288.1712。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46d)
根据一般程序C合成:51d(2.71g,9.43mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(1.18mL,37.7mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(19mL,0.5M)。在萃取后不经进一步纯化即得到46d(1.73g,67.1%),其为灰白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(br s,1H),7.60(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.43(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),3.84(br d,2H,J=5.0Hz),3.55(s,2H),3.08(s,2H),2.55(br s,4H),2.46(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,144.1,132.4,129.6,119.1,111.2,62.5,60.8,53.8,53.3.HRMS(ESI):274.1673(M+1);C14H20N5O计算值:274.1668。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51e)
根据一般程序B合成:50(5.20g,30.2mmol,1.0当量),无水四氢呋喃(150mL,0.2M),新蒸馏的Et3N(8.4mL,60.4mmol,2.0当量),4-氰基苯甲酰氯(54e,5.0g,30.2mmol,1.0当量)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到51e(5.95g,65.4%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.47(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),4.14(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.80(br s,2H),3.37(br s,2H),3.23(s,2H),2.67(br s,2H),2.53(br s,2H),1.23(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.0,168.3,140.1,132.5,127.9,118.2,113.6,60.9,59.0,52.9,52.3,47.5,42.1,14.3.HRMS(ESI):302.1501(M+1);C16H20N3O3计算值:302.1505。
2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46e)
根据具有所述修改的一般程序C合成:51e(5.59g,18.6mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(2.4mL,74.4mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(35mL,0.5M)。在采用CH2Cl2萃取后,采用EtOAc(3x)萃取水层。在萃取后不经进一步纯化即得到46e(2.98g,55.8%),其为灰白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(br s,1H),7.70(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),3.86(br d,2H,J=3.5Hz),3.78(br s,2H),3.37(br s,2H),3.11(s,2H),2.60(br s,2H),2.46(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.8,168.4,139.8,132.6,127.9,118.1,113.8,60.6,53.8(br),53.3(br),47.6(br),42.2(br).HRMS(ESI):288.1464(M+1);C14H18N5O2计算值:288.1461。
2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51f)
根据一般程序A合成:4-氟苄基氯(54f,2.5g,2.1mL,17.3mmol,1.0当量),50(4.48g,26.0mmol,1.5当量),K2CO3(7.19g,52.0mmol,3.0当量),丙酮(90mL,0.2M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,50-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到51f(3.66g,75.4%),其为黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.24-7.20(m,2H),6.95-6.91(m,2H),4.13(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.42(s,2H),3.15(s,2H),2.55(br s,4H),2.46(br s,4H),1.21(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.3,162.0(d,JC-F=243.5Hz),133.9,130.6(d,JC-F=8.0Hz),115.0(d,JC-F=21.0Hz),62.2,60.6,59.6,53.1,52.8,14.3.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-119.1.HRMS(ESI):281.1659(M+1);C15H22FN2O2计算值:281.1665。
2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46f)
根据一般程序C合成:51f(3.0g,10.7mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(1.4mL,42.8mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(20mL,0.5M)。在萃取后不经进一步纯化即得到46f(2.59g,91.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.15(br s,1H),7.22-7.19(m,2H),6.95-6.91(m,2H),3.84(br s,2H),3.40(s,2H),3.01(s,2H),2.47(br s,4H),2.39(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,162.0(d,JC-F=243.6Hz),133.7(d,JC-F=2.8Hz),130.6(d,JC-F=8.3Hz),115.1(d,JC-F=21.1Hz),62.0,60.6,53.7,53.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.9.HRMS(ESI):267.1630(M+1);C13H20FN4O计算值:267.1621。
2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51g)
根据一般程序B合成:50(2.58g,15.0mmol,1.0当量),无水四氢呋喃(30mL,0.5M),新蒸馏的Et3N(4.2mL,30.0mmol,2.0当量),4-氟苯甲酰氯(54g,1.8mL,15.0mmol,1.0当量)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(50-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到51g(3.74g,84.7%),其为淡黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.38-7.34(m,2H),7.06-7.01(m,2H),4.13(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.77(br s,2H),3.43(br s,2H),3.21(s,2H),2.61(br s,2H),2.52(br s,2H),1.22(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.0,169.4,163.5(d,JC-F=248.1Hz),131.8,129.5(d,JC-F=8.3Hz),115.6(d,JC-F=22.0Hz),60.8,59.1,52.8(br),47.8(br),42.2(br),14.3.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-113.4.HRMS(ESI):295.1457(M+1);C15H20FN2O3计算值:295.1458。
2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46g)
根据一般程序C合成:51g(3.73g,12.7mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(1.6mL,50.8mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(25mL,0.5M)。在萃取后不经进一步纯化即得到46g(2.28g,64.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(br s,1H),7.37-7.33(m,2H),7.06-7.02(m,2H),3.85(br s,2H),3.70(br s,2H),3.42(br s,2H),3.06(s,2H),2.48(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.8,169.5,163.5(d,JC-F=249.1Hz),131.5(d,JC-F=2.8Hz),129.4(d,JC-F=9.1Hz),115.7(d,JC-F=22.0Hz),60.6,53.5(br),47.7(br),42.3(br).19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-113.1.HRMS(ESI):281.1409(M+1);C13H18FN4O2计算值:281.1414。
2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酸乙酯(51i)
根据一般程序B合成:50(2.58g,15.0mmol,1.0),无水四氢呋喃(30mL,0.5M),新蒸馏的Et3N(4.2mL,30.0mmol,2.0当量),4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰氯(54i,2.2mL,15.0mmol,1.0当量)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(50-100%EtOAc/己烷)得到51i(4.01g,77.5%),其为黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.49(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),4.16(q,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.82(br s,2H),3.41(br s,2H),3.24(s,2H),2.68(br s,2H),2.54(br s,2H),1.24(t,3H,J=7.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.1,168.9,139.4131.8(q,JC-F=32.6Hz),127.6,125.7(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),123.8(q,JC-F=271.0Hz),60.9,59.1,53.0(br),52.5(br),47.6(br),42.2(br),14.3.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0.HRMS(ESI):345.1430(M+1);C16H20F3N2O3计算值:345.1426。
2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(46i)
根据一般程序C合成:51i(4.00g,11.6mmol,1.0当量),无水肼(1.5mL,46.4mmol,4.0当量),EtOH(25mL,0.5M)。在萃取后不经进一步纯化即得到46i(2.35g,61.4%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(br s,1H),7.62(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.45(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),3.88(br s,2H)3.75(br s,2H),3.35(br s,2H),3.07(s,2H),2.56(br s,2H),2.42(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.8,168.9,139.1131.8(q,JC-F=32.1Hz),127.5,125.7(q,JC-F=3.6Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.1Hz),60.5,53.7(br),53.2(br),47.6(br),42.2(br).19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0.HRMS(ESI):331.1374(M+1);C14H18F3N4O2计算值:331.1382。
3-丙基水杨醛(47b)
向圆底烧瓶中加入醛47a(1.62g,10.0mmol,1.0当量)、5%的Pd/C(324mg,20重量%的47a)、二苯硫醚(17μL,0.10mmol,0.010当量)和EtOAc(40mL,0.25M)。将反应混合物在H2(气球压力)气氛下于室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并用EtOAc充分洗涤。将滤液浓缩得到醛47b(1.50g,91.7%),其为黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.27(s,1H),9.88(s,1H),7.41-7.38(m,2H),6.95(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),2.64(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),1.65(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.96(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ197.0,160.0,137.4,131.7,131.4,120.4,119.6,31.3,22.7,14.1.HRMS(EI):164.08383(M+);C10H12O2计算值:164.08373。
2-(烯丙基氧基)-5-氟苯甲醛(53b)
向圆底烧瓶中加入5-氟水杨醛(47c,4.0g,28.5mmol,1.0当量)、碳酸钾(4.92g,35.6mmol,1.25当量)和DMF(20mL)。向混合物中缓慢加入烯丙基溴(3.7mL,42.8mmol,1.5当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用水(50mL)稀释并用乙酸乙酯(3x50mL)萃取。将经合并的有机层用水(2x25mL)、0.1M KOH(2x25mL)、水(2x25mL)和盐水(2x25mL)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩得到53b(4.64g,90.2%),其为淡黄色液体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.47(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.50(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),7.23(ddd,1H,J=3.0,7.5,11.0Hz),6.95(dd,1H,J=4.0,9.0Hz),6.06(tdd,1H,J=5.0,10.5,17.5Hz),5.44(qd,1H,J=1.5,17.0Hz),5.34(ddd,1H,J=1.5,2.5,10.5Hz),4.64(td,2H,J=1.5,5.0Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ188.8,157.4(d,JC-F=1.9Hz),157.2(d,JC-F=240.5Hz),132.4,126.1(d,JC-F=5.9Hz),122.6(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),118.5,114.8(d,JC-F=7.1Hz),114.2(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),70.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-125.5.HRMS(EI):180.05789(M+);C10H9FO2计算值:180.05866。
3-烯丙基-5-氟水杨醛(47d)
将53b(4.64g,25.8mmol)在无溶剂的情况下在200℃下加热过夜。粗产品通过硅胶柱色谱法(己烷)纯化得到47d(2.24g,48.3%),其为亮黄色油状。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.10(s,1H),9.83(s,1H),7.17(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),7.11(dd,1H,J=3.0,7.5Hz)5.96(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0Hz),5.16-5.14(m,1H),5.12(qd,1H,J=1.5,11.0Hz),3.42(d,2H,J=6.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ195.9(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),156.0(d,JC-F=1.0Hz),155.7(d,JC-F=238.8Hz),135.1,131.6(d,JC-F=6.4Hz),124.8(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),119.8(d,JC-F=6.4Hz),117.3,116.0(d,JC-F=22.3Hz),33.2.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-126.9.HRMS(EI):180.05761(M+);C10H9FO2计算值:180.05866。
5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯甲醛(47e)
向圆底烧瓶中加入醛47d(1.10g,6.11mmol,1.0当量)、5%的Pd/C(220mg,20重量%的47d)、二苯硫醚(10μL,0.061mmol,0.010当量)和EtOAc(25mL,0.25M)。将反应混合物在H2(气球压力)气氛下于室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并用EtOAc充分洗涤。将滤液浓缩得到醛47e(991mg,89.3%),其为黄色油状物。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.06(br s,1H),9.80(s,1H),7.12(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),7.06(dd,1H,J=3.0,7.5Hz),2.62(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),1.63(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.96(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ195.9(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),156.3(d,JC-F=1.0Hz),155.5(d,JC-F=238.1Hz),133.9(d,JC-F=6.3Hz),124.7(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),119.6(d,JC-F=6.5Hz),115.4(d,JC-F=22.4Hz),31.2,22.4,14.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-127.3.HRMS(EI):182.07392(M+);C10H11FO2计算值:182.07431。
一般程序D:PAC-1类似物的合成
向16x150mm试管中加入酰肼(1.0当量)、醛(1.0当量)、EtOH或2:1MeOH:MeCN(0.15M)以及1.2M HCl(7mol%)。将反应混合物在Büchi Syncore平行合成仪上在回流条件下震摇过夜。将反应混合物冷却至室温,浓缩并通过硅胶柱色谱法或重结晶纯化得到纯的PAC-1类似物。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(3)
根据一般程序D但在圆底烧瓶中合成:46c(262mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47a(162mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到3(284mg,69.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.19(s,1H),9.94(br s,1H),8.45(s,1H),7.46-7.41(m,5H),7.20(d,1H,J=6.5Hz),7.08(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.85(t,1H,J=7.0Hz),6.03(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.10-5.05(m,2H),3.88(br s,2H),3.58(s,2H),3.52(br s,2H),3.45(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.25(s,2H),2.68(br s,2H),2.61(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.6,165.4,156.4,151.6,136.5,135.4,132.5,130.2,129.3,128.8,128.3,127.1,119.2,116.9,115.8,61.0,53.7,53.1,47.6,42.1,33.9.HRMS(ESI):407.2077(M+1);C23H27N4O3计算值:407.2083。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(4)
根据一般程序D合成:46d(273mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47a(162mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到4(367mg,87.7%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.25(br s,1H),9.99(br s,1H),8.40(s,1H),7.61(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.44(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.18(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.07(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.84(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.02(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.11-5.04(m,2H),3.58(s,2H),3.44(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.53(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ165.9,156.5,151.5,144.0,136.6,132.5,132.4,129.6,129.3,128.4,119.2,119.1,117.0,115.8,111.2,62.4,61.1,53.8,53.2,34.0.HRMS(ESI):418.2242(M+1);C24H28N5O2计算值:418.2243。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(5)
根据一般程序D合成:46e(287mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47a(162mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到5(378mg,87.6%),其为浅黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.23(br s,1H),9.98(br s,1H),8.32(s,1H),7.69(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.17(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),6.99(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.81(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),5.98(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0),5.08-5.02(m,2H),3.85(br s,2H),3.42-3.39(m,4H),3.23(s,2H),2.68(br s,2H),2.86(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ168.4,165.3,156.4,151.7,139.7,136.5,132.6,132.6,129.4,128.2,127.9,119.3,118.1,116.8,115.9,113.8,60.9,53.7(br),53.3(br),47.5(br),42.1(br),33.9.HRMS(ESI):432.2034(M+1);C24H26N5O3计算值:432.2036。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(6)
根据一般程序D合成:H11(133mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47a(81mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)随后从Et2O中沉淀而纯化得到6(182mg,89.0%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.26(br s,1H),10.02(br s,1H),8.41(s,1H),7.29-7.26(m,2H),7.19(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.08(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),7.02-6.99(m,2H),6.85(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.03(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.11-5.04(m,2H),3.50(s,2H),3.45(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.62(br s,4H),2.51(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.0,162.2(d,JC-F=243.9Hz),156.6,151.5,136.7,133.7(d,JC-F=3.1Hz),132.5,130.7(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),129.3,128.4,119.2,117.0,115.8,115.3(d,JC-F=21.0Hz),62.2,61.2,53.9,53.1,34.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.8.HRMS(ESI):411.2203(M+1);C23H28FN4O2计算值:411.2196。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(7)
根据一般程序D合成:H12(140mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47a(8mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到7(171mg,80.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.19(br s,1H),9.91(br s,1H),8.43(s,1H),7.43-7.40(m,2H),7.19(dd,1H,J=1.0,7.5Hz),7.12-7.09(m,2H),7.06(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.85(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.02(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.10-5.04(m,2H),3.69(br s,4H),3.44(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.24(s,2H),2.64(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,165.4,163.6(d,JC-F=249.1Hz),156.4,151.6,136.5,132.5,131.4(d,JC-F=3.4Hz),129.5(d,JC-F=8.4Hz),129.3,128.2,119.2,116.8,115.8,115.8(d,JC-F=21.5Hz),60.9,53.6(br),47.7(br),42.3(br),33.9.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.8.HRMS(ESI):425.1989(M+1);C23H26FN4O3计算值:425.1989。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(8)
根据一般程序D合成:H13(158mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47a(81mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到8(125mg,54.4%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.32(br s,1H),10.11(br s,1H),8.33(s,1H),7.56(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.43(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.17(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.04(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.83(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.02(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.10-5.04(m,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.44(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.53(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.0,156.4,151.2,142.4,136.6,132.4,129.5(q,JC-F=32.0Hz),129.3,129.3,128.3,125.3(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),123.9(q,JC-F=270.6Hz),119.2,117.0,115.8,62.3,61.0,53.7,53.1,34.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-65.4.HRMS(ESI):461.2160(M+1);C24H28F3N4O2计算值:461.2164。
N’-(3-烯丙基-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(9)
根据一般程序D合成:H14(165mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47a(81mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到9(211mg,89.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.28(br s,1H),10.13(br s,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.65(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.15(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.94(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),6.79(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),5.97(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0Hz),5.05-5.00(m,2H),3.86(br s,2H),3.43(br s,2H),3.39(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.21(s,2H),2.66(br s,2H),2.58(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.0,165.4,156.3,151.5,139.0,136.4,132.5,131.9(q,JC-F=32.6Hz),129.3,128.2,127.5,125.8(q,JC-F=3.5Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.1Hz),119.3,116.8,115.8,60.8,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.0(br),33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0.HRMS(ESI):475.1964(M+1);C24H26F3N4O3计算值:475.1957。
2-(4-苄基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(10)
根据一般程序D但在圆底烧瓶中合成:46a(248mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47b(164mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到10(345mg,87.3%),其为灰白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.30(s,1H),10.12(br s,1H),8.31(s,1H),7.35-7.30(m,4H),7.30-7.25(m,1H),7.17(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),7.03(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.82(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.54(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.67(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),2.62(br s,4H),2.54(br s,4H),1.67(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.97(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ165.9,156.7,151.2,137.9,132.5,130.7,129.2,128.8,128.4,127.3,118.9,116.8,62.9,61.0,53.7,53.0,32.0,22.7,14.2.HRMS(ESI):395.2436(M+1);C23H31N4O2计算值:395.2447。
4-((4-(2-(2-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)肼基)-2-氧代乙基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(11)
根据一般程序D合成:H2(164mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),2:1MeOH:MeCN(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到11(211mg,89.0%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ11.78(s,1H),10.76(br s,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.84(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.51(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.17(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),7.14(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.0Hz),6.82(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.54(br s,2H),3.59(s,2H),3.17(s,2H),2.64-2.59(m,6H),2.52(br s,4H),1.63(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.93(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ166.3,157.3,150.9,144.0,143.8,132.7,130.8,129.9,129.6,126.9,119.6,118.3,62.6,61.7,54.3,53.6,32.5,23.4,14.2.HRMS(ESI):474.2175(M+1);C23H32N5O4S计算值:474.2175。
2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(12)
根据一般程序D合成:H3(131mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,50-100%EtOAc/己烷,然后5%MeOH/EtOAc)得到12(174mg,85.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.29(s,1H),10.29(br s,1H),8.23(s,1H),7.41-7.34(m,5H),7.13(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.90(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.76(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.80(br s,2H),3.47(br s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.71-2.52(m,6H,Ar-CH2-CH2),1.61(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.91(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,165.5,156.6,151.5,135.3,132.5,130.6,130.1,128.8,128.7,127.0,118.9,116.7,60.8,53.6(br),53.0(br),47.5(br),42.0(br),31.9,22.7,14.1.HRMS(ESI):409.2238(M+1);C23H29N4O3计算值:409.2240。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(13)
根据一般程序D合成:H9(273mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47b(164mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到13(373mg,88.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.19(br s,1H),9.99(br s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.60(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.44(d,2H,J=7.5Hz),7.16(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.04(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.82(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.58(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.66-2.63(m,6H),2.52(br s,4H),1.64(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.95(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ165.8,156.8,151.6,144.0,132.7,132.3,130.8,129.6,128.9,119.1,119.0,116.8,111.2,62.4,61.1,53.8,53.2,32.0,22.8,14.2.HRMS(ESI):420.2396(M+1);C24H30N5O2计算值:420.2400。
2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(14)
根据一般程序D合成:H10(287mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),47b(164mg,1.0mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(58μL,0.070mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(7mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到14(377mg,86.9%),其为浅黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.15(br s,1H),9.92(br s,1H),8.32(s,1H),7.71(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.49(d,2H,J=7.5Hz),7.16(d,1H,J=7.0Hz),6.98(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.80(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.86(br s,2H),3.44(br s,2H),3.24(s,2H),2.70(br s,2H),2.64-2.57(m,4H),1.62(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.93(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ168.5,165.2,156.7,152.0,139.8,132.9,132.7,130.8,129.0,127.9,119.1,118.1,116.7,113.9,61.0,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.1(br),32.0,22.8,14.2.HRMS(ESI):434.2188(M+1);C24H28N5O3计算值:434.2192。
2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(15)
根据一般程序D合成:H11(133mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)随后从Et2O中沉淀而纯化得到15(137mg,66.4%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.26(br s,1H),10.09(br s,1H),8.31(s,1H),7.26(dd,2H,J=6.0,8.0Hz),7.16(dd,1H,J=1.5,6.5Hz),7.02-6.97(m,3H),6.80(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.48(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.65(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),2.61(br s,4H),2.50(br s,4H),1.65(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.95(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ165.9,162.1(d,JC-F=243.6Hz),156.7,151.3,133.7(d,JC-F=3.0Hz),132.5,130.7,130.6(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),128.9,118.9,116.8,115.2(d,JC-F=21.0Hz),62.1,61.0,53.8,53.0,32.0,22.8,14.2.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.8.HRMS(ESI):413.2361(M+1);C23H30FN4O2计算值:413.2353。
2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(16)
根据一般程序D合成:H12(140mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到16(133mg,62.4%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.24(br s,1H),10.17(br s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.37(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),7.13(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.06(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.91(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.77(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.83(br s,2H),3.49(br s,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.62-2.58(m,6H),1.60(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.91(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,165.4,163.6(d,JC-F=249.3Hz),156.6,151.7,132.6,131.4(d,JC-F=3.4Hz),129.5(d,JC-F=8.5Hz),128.9,119.0,116.7,115.8(d,JC-F=21.8Hz),60.9,53.5(br),47.7(br),42.2(br),31.9,22.7,14.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.8.HRMS(ESI):427.2141(M+1);C23H28FN4O3计算值:427.2145。
N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(17)
根据一般程序D合成:H13(158mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到17(93.9mg,40.6%),其为黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.23(br s,1H),10.05(br s,1H),8.33(s,1H),7.57(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.44(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.16(dd,1H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),7.02(dd,2H,J=1.5,7.5Hz),6.81(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.58(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.67-2.62(m,6H),2.53(br s,4H),1.65(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.95(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ165.9,156.8,151.5,142.4,132.6,130.8,129.6(q,JC-F=32.0Hz),129.3,128.9,125.4(q,JC-F=3.6Hz),124.4(q,JC-F=270.5Hz),119.0,116.9,62.4,61.1,53.8,53.2,32.0,22.8,14.2.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-65.5.HRMS(ESI):463.2321(M+1);C24H30F3N4O2计算值:463.2321。
N’-(2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(18)
根据一般程序D合成:H14(165mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47b(82mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到18(216mg,90.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.24(br s,1H),10.14(br s,1H),8.23(s,1H),7.64(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.47(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.13(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.89(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),6.76(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),3.85(br s,2H),3.43(br s,2H),3.21(s,2H),2.73-2.58(m,6H),1.60(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.90(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.0,165.4,156.5,151.6,139.0,132.7,131.9(q,JC-F=32.5Hz),130.6,128.8,127.5,125.8(q,JC-F=3.5Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.3Hz),119.0,116.7,60.8,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.0(br),31.9,22.7,14.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0.HRMS(ESI):477.2108(M+1);C24H28F3N4O3计算值:477.2114。
2-(4-苄基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(19)
根据一般程序D合成:H1(124mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到19(173mg,93.7%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.81(br s,1H),10.13(br s,1H),8.39(s,1H),7.33-7.30(m,4H),7.28-7.25(m,1H),7.00(dt,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.94-6.89(m,2H),3.55(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.53(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.3,155.9(d,JC-F=235.8Hz),154.8,150.0,137.9,129.3,128.5,127.4,118.9(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.4(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),117.6(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.1(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),63.0,61.1,53.9,53.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.5.HRMS(ESI):371.1877(M+1);C20H24FN4O2计算值:371.1883。
4-((4-(2-(2-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)肼基)-2-氧代乙基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(20)
根据一般程序D合成:H2(164mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),2:1MeOH:MeCN(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到20(172mg,82.1%),其为黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ11.33(br s,1H),10.95(br s,1H),8.49(s,1H),7.85(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.49(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.12(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),7.07(dt,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),6.91(dd,1H,J=5.0,9.0Hz),6.62(br s,2H),3.55(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.59(br s,4H),2.49(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ166.8,156.4(d,JC-F=233.5Hz),155.4,155.1(d,JC-F=2.8Hz),143.9,143.6,129.9,126.7,119.2(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),118.7(d,JC-F=17.8Hz),118.6,116.6(d,JC-F=23.9Hz),62.5,61.5,54.1,53.4.19F-NMR(470MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ-127.3.HRMS(ESI):450.1609(M+1);C20H25FN5O4S计算值:450.1611。
2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(21)
根据一般程序D合成:H3(131mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到21(157mg,81.6%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.89(br s,1H),10.50(br s,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.40-7.33(m,5H),6.93(dt,1H,J=2.5,8.5Hz),6.84(dd,1H,J=4.5,9.0Hz),6.74(dd,1H,J=2.5,8.5Hz),3.79(br s,2H),3.48(br s,2H),3.17(s,2H),2.60(br s,2H),2.53(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,165.8,155.7(d,JC-F=235.8Hz),154.5,149.7,135.3,130.1,128.7,127.0,118.8(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.2(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),117.6(d,JC-F=7.4Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),60.7,53.6(br),53.4(br),47.6(br),42.0(br).19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.3.HRMS(ESI):385.1674(M+1);C20H22FN4O3计算值:385.1676。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(22)
根据一般程序D合成:H9(137mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到22(169mg,85.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.84(br s,1H),10.20(br s,1H),8.31(s,1H),7.56(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.41(d,1H,J=8.0Hz),6.95(dt,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.88-6.85(m,2H),3.54(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.60(br s,4H),2.50(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.2,155.7(d,JC-F=235.9Hz),154.6,149.6,144.0,132.2,129.5,118.9(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),118.6,118.2(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),117.5(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),110.9,62.2,61.0,53.6,53.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.4.HRMS(ESI):396.1838(M+1);C21H23FN5O2计算值:396.1836。
2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(23)
根据一般程序D合成:H10(144mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到23(144mg,70.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.79(br s,1H),10.16(br s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.67(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.47(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.95(dt,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),6.85(dd,1H,J=4.5,9.0Hz),6.79(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.82(br s,2H),3.41(brs,2H),3.22(s,2H),2.67(br s,2H),2.54(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ168.4,165.5,155.7(d,JC-F=236.1Hz),154.5,149.9,139.7,132.6,127.8,119.0(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.2(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),118.1,117.4(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),113.7,60.8,53.4(br),52.7(br),47.4(br),42.0(br).19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.1.HRMS(ESI):410.1623(M+1);C21H21FN5O3计算值:410.1628。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(24)
根据一般程序D合成:H11(133mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到24(152mg,78.2%),其为淡黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.83(br s,1H),10.19(br s,1H),8.33(s,1H),7.25(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),6.99-6.95(m,3H),6.90-6.86(m,2H),3.47(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.60(br s,4H),2.49(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.3,162.1(d,JC-F=243.9Hz),155.8(d,JC-F=236.0Hz),154.7(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),149.7(d,JC-F=2.6Hz),133.7(d,JC-F=3.0Hz),130.6(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),118.8(d,JC-F=23.3Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),117.6(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),115.2(d,JC-F=21.1Hz),62.1,61.0,53.8,52.9.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.8,-128.4.HRMS(ESI):389.1787(M+1);C20H23F2N4O2计算值:389.1789。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(25)
根据一般程序D合成:H12(140mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到25(101mg,50.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.81(br s,1H),10.25(br s,1H),8.29(s,1H),7.38(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),7.07(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.98-6.94(m,1H),6.86(dd,1H,J=4.0,9.0Hz),6.79(dd,1H,J=2.0,8.0Hz),3.63(br s,4H),3.21(s,2H),2.59(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.7,165.7,163.6(d,JC-F=249.4Hz),155.8(d,JC-F=236.3Hz),154.6(d,JC-F=0.9Hz),150.0(d,JC-F=2.3Hz),131.3(d,JC-F=3.4Hz),129.5(d,JC-F=8.4Hz),119.0(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),117.5(d,JC-F=7.3Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=24.6Hz),115.8(d,JC-F=21.9Hz),60.9,53.5,47.7,42.2.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.6,-128.2.HRMS(ESI):403.1573(M+1);C20H21F2N4O3计算值:403.1582。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(26)
根据一般程序D合成:H13(158mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到26(194mg,88.6%),其为淡黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.83(br s,1H),10.17(br s,1H),8.34(s,1H),7.56(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.43(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.98(dt,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),6.91-6.86(m,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.19(s,2H),2.62(br s,4H),2.52(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.3,155.8(d,JC-F=236.0Hz),154.7(d,JC-F=1.5Hz),149.8(d,JC-F=2.4Hz),142.4(d,JC-F=0.8Hz),129.5(q,JC-F=32.1Hz),129.3,125.3(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),124.4(q,JC-F=270.6Hz),118.9(d,JC-F=23.0Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),117.6(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.1(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),62.3,61.0,53.8,53.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-65.4,-128.4.HRMS(ESI):439.1765(M+1);C21H23F4N4O2计算值:439.1757。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(27)
根据一般程序D合成:H14(165mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47c(70mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到27(173mg,76.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.80(br s,1H),10.20(br s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.65(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=7.5Hz),6.96(dt,1H,J=2.5,8.0Hz),6.87(dd,1H,J=4.5,8.5Hz),6.79(dd,1H,J=2.5,8.0Hz),3.84(br s,2H),3.44(brs,2H),3.22(s,2H),2.70(br s,2H),2.55(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.1,165.6,155.8(d,JC-F=236.3Hz),154.6(d,JC-F=1.3Hz),150.0(d,JC-F=1.9Hz),138.9,132.0(q,JC-F=32.6Hz),127.5,125.8(q,JC-F=3.6Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.3Hz),119.0(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=7.6Hz),117.4(d,JC-F=7.5Hz),116.0(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),60.8,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.0(br).19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0,-128.1.HRMS(ESI):453.1552(M+1);C21H21F4N4O3计算值:453.1550。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-苄基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(28)
根据一般程序D合成:H1(124mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到28(186mg,90.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.16(s,1H),10.20(br s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.34-7.30(m,4H),7.28-7.25(m,1H),6.91(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.74(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),5.98(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.13-5.08(m,2H),3.54(s,2H),3.42(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.20(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.53(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.2,155.5(d,JC-F=235.8Hz),152.5(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),149.8(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),137.9,135.7,130.2(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),129.2,128.4,127.3,119.0(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),116.8(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),116.6,113.9(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),62.9,61.0,53.8,53.0,33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.6.HRMS(ESI):411.2191(M+1);C23H28FN4O2计算值:411.2196。
4-((4-(2-(2-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)肼基)-2-氧代乙基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(29)
根据一般程序D合成:H2(164mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到29(214mg,87.2%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ11.73(br s,1H),10.94(br s,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.85(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.96(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),6.62(br s,2H),5.99(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,16.5Hz),5.10(qd,1H,J=1.5,17.0Hz),5.04(qd,2H,J=1.5,10.0Hz),3.55(s,2H),3.40(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.59(br s,4H),2.49(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ166.8,156.1(d,JC-F=233.6Hz),153.1(d,JC-F=1.3Hz),149.6,143.9,143.5,136.6,130.5(d,JC-F=7.0Hz),129.8,126.7,118.7(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.4(d,JC-F=8.0Hz),116.5,114.6(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),62.5,61.5,54.1,53.4,34.2.19F-NMR(470MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ-127.4.HRMS(ESI):490.1930(M+1);C23H29FN5O4S计算值:490.1924。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(30)
根据一般程序D合成:H3(131mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到30(186mg,87.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.17(s,1H),10.45(br s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.40-7.33(m,5H),6.86(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.60(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),5.91(tdd,1H,J=6.5,9.5,18.0Hz),5.09-5.03(m,2H),3.80(br s,2H),3.47(br s,2H),3.35(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.56(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,165.6,155.4(d,JC-F=235.5Hz),152.4(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),150.1(d,JC-F=1.8Hz),135.6,135.3,130.1,130.1,128.7,127.0,119.0(d,JC-F=23.0Hz),116.8(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),116.5,113.9(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),60.7,53.6(br),47.6(br),42.0(br),33.7.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.5.HRMS(ESI):425.1991(M+1);C23H26FN4O3计算值:425.1989。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(31)
根据一般程序D合成:H9(137mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到31(164mg,75.3%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.12(br s,1H),10.16(br s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.57(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.42(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.88(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.72(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),5.94(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0Hz),5.09-5.05(m,2H),3.55(s,2H),3.38(d,2H,J=7.0Hz),3.19(s,2H),2.62(br s,4H),2.51(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.0,155.5(d,JC-F=235.5Hz),152.5(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),149.9,144.0,135.7,132.2,130.1(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),129.5,119.0(d,JC-F=23.0Hz),119.0,116.8(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),116.5,113.9(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),111.0,62.3,60.9,53.8,53.1,33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.6.HRMS(ESI):436.2144(M+1);C24H27FN5O2计算值:436.2149。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(32)
根据一般程序D合成:H10(144mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到32(196mg,87.2%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.10(br s,1H),10.21(br s,1H),8.20(s,1H),7.65(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.45(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.84(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.61(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),5.88(tdd,1H,J=7.0,10.0,16.5Hz),5.03-5.00(m,2H),3.81(br s,2H),3.40(br s,2H),3.31(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.21(s,2H),2.66(br s,2H),2.54(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ168.3,165.4,155.4(d,JC-F=235.9Hz),152.3,150.1,139.7,135.4,132.5,130.0(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),127.7,119.1(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),118.0,116.6(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),116.5,113.8(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),113.6,60.7,53.3(br),47.3(br),42.0(br),33.6.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.3.HRMS(ESI):450.1931(M+1);C24H25FN5O3计算值:450.1941。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(33)
根据一般程序D合成:H11(133mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到33(176mg,82.0%),其为黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.15(br s,1H),10.22(br s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.25(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),6.98(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.89(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.72(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),5.95(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0Hz),5.10-5.06(m,2H),3.47(s,2H),3.39(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.18(s,2H),2.61(br s,4H),2.49(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.2,162.1(d,JC-F=243.8Hz),155.5(d,JC-F=235.5Hz),152.5(d,JC-F=0.9Hz),149.8,135.7,133.6(d,JC-F=3.0Hz),130.6(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),130.1(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),119.0(d,JC-F=23.0Hz),116.8(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),116.5,115.1(d,JC-F=21.0Hz),113.9(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),62.1,61.0,53.7,52.9,33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.8,-128.6.HRMS(ESI):429.2095(M+1);C23H27F2N4O2计算值:429.2102。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(34)
根据一般程序D合成:H12(140mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到34(163mg,73.8%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.10(br s,1H),10.23(br s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.38(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),7.07(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.88(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.65(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),5.92(tdd,1H,J=6.5,9.5,17.0Hz),5.10-5.04(m,2H),3.82(br s,2H),3.50(br s,2H),3.36(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.21(s,2H),2.59(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.7,165.6,163.6(d,JC-F=249.8Hz),155.5(d,JC-F=235.6Hz),152.5(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),150.3(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),135.6,131.3(d,JC-F=3.5Hz),130.2(d,JC-F=6.9Hz),129.5(d,JC-F=8.4Hz),119.2(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),116.7(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),116.6,115.9(d,JC-F=21.8Hz),113.9(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),60.9,53.6(br),47.7(br),42.2(br),33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.6,-128.4.HRMS(ESI):443.1886(M+1);C23H25F2N4O3计算值:443.1895。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(35)
根据一般程序D合成:H13(158mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到35(176mg,73.7%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.14(br s,1H),10.19(br s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.56(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.43(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.90(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.72(dd,2H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),5.96(tdd,1H,J=6.5,10.0,17.0Hz),5.11-5.08(m,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.40(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.20(s,2H),2.63(br s,4H),2.53(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.1,155.6(d,JC-F=235.5Hz),152.5(d,JC-F=1.3Hz),149.9(d,JC-F=2.4Hz),142.4,135.7,130.2(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),129.5(q,JC-F=32.0Hz),129.3,125.3(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),124.4(q,JC-F=270.5Hz),119.1(d,JC-F=23.1Hz),116.9(d,JC-F=7.8Hz),116.6,114.0(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),62.3,61.0,53.8,53.1,33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-65.4,-128.5.HRMS(ESI):479.2066(M+1);C24H27F4N4O2计算值:479.2070。
N’-(3-烯丙基-5-氟-2-羟基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(36)
根据一般程序D合成:H14(165mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47d(90mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到36(139mg,56.3%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.07(br s,1H),10.14(br s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.66(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.50(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.89(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.66(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),5.93(tdd,1H,J=7.0,10.0,16.5Hz),5.10-5.04(m,2H),3.86(br s,2H),3.45(br s,2H),3.37(d,2H,J=6.5Hz),3.23(s,2H),2.69(br s,2H),2.57(br s,2H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.1,165.5,155.6(d,JC-F=235.9Hz),152.5,150.4(d,JC-F=2.1Hz),138.9,135.6,132.0(q,JC-F=32.6Hz),130.3(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),127.5,125.9(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.1Hz),119.3(d,JC-F=23.0Hz),116.7(d,JC-F=4.6Hz),116.7,114.0(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),60.9,53.6(br),47.5(br),42.2(br),33.8.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0,-128.4.HRMS(ESI):493.1868(M+1);C24H25F4N4O3计算值:493.1863。
2-(4-苄基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(37)
根据一般程序D合成:H1(124mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到37(174mg,84.6%),其为灰白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.10(s,1H),10.19(br s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.32-7.30(m,4H),7.28-7.25(m,1H),6.89(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.71(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.54(s,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.66-2.59(m,6H),2.53(br s,4H),1.64(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.95(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.1,155.4(d,JC-F=235.1Hz),152.8,150.0,137.9,132.7(d,JC-F=6.6Hz),129.2,128.4,127.3,119.1(d,JC-F=22.5Hz),116.7(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),113.4(d,JC-F=23.4Hz),63.0,61.0,53.8,53.1,31.9,22.5,14.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-129.1.HRMS(ESI):413.2345(M+1);C23H30FN4O2计算值:413.2353。
4-((4-(2-(2-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)肼基)-2-氧代乙基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯磺酰胺(38)
根据一般程序D合成:H2(164mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到38(221mg,89.9%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ11.68(br s,1H),10.92(br s,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.84(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.49(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.98(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.5Hz),6.93(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),6.59(br s,2H),3.57(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.64-2.59(m,6H),2.50(br s,4H),1.63(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.93(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ166.6,156.1(d,JC-F=233.1Hz),153.4(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),149.7(d,JC-F=2.9Hz),143.9,143.6,132.8(d,JC-F=6.9Hz),129.9,126.8,119.0(d,JC-F=22.8Hz),118.3(d,JC-F=8.1Hz),114.2(d,JC-F=23.6Hz),62.5,61.6,54.2,53.4,32.3,23.1,14.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,(CD3)2CO)δ-127.7.HRMS(ESI):492.2074(M+1);C23H31FN5O4S计算值:492.2081。
2-(4-苯甲酰基哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(39)
根据一般程序D合成:H3(131mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到39(189mg,88.9%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.13(s,1H),10.48(br s,1H),8.15(s,1H),7.38-7.32(m,5H),6.83(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.55(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.80(br s,2H),3.46(br s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.59-2.54(m,6H),1.57(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.88(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ170.5,165.6,155.3(d,JC-F=235.1Hz),152.6(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),150.2(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),135.3,132.5(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),130.1,128.7,126.9,119.1(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),116.6(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),113.4(d,JC-F=23.4Hz),60.7,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.0(br),31.8,22.4,13.9.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-129.0.HRMS(ESI):427.2144(M+1);C23H28FN4O3计算值:427.2145。
2-(4-(4-氰基苄基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(40)
根据一般程序D合成:H9(137mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-15%MeOH/EtOAc)得到40(180mg,82.1%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.07(br s,1H),10.16(br s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.57(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.42(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.86(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.68(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),3.55(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.70-2.57(m,6H),2.51(br s,4H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.0,155.4(d,JC-F=235.1Hz),152.7(d,JC-F=1.4Hz),150.0(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),144.0,132.6(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),132.2,129.5,119.1(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),119.0,116.6(d,JC-F=8.0Hz),113.4(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),110.9,62.3,60.9,53.7,53.1,31.9,22.4,14.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-129.0.HRMS(ESI):438.2301(M+1);C24H29FN5O2计算值:438.2305。
2-(4-(4-氰基苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)-N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(41)
根据一般程序D合成:H10(144mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到41(196mg,86.5%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.03(br s,1H),10.17(br s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.66(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.46(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.84(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.59(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.82(br s,2H),3.41(br s,2H),3.22(s,2H),2.66(br s,2H),2.57-2.52(m,2H),1.55(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.87(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ168.3,165.4,155.3(d,JC-F=235.5Hz),152.6(d,JC-F=1.1Hz),150.3(d,JC-F=2.0Hz),139.7,132.6(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),132.5,127.7,119.2(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),118.0,116.4(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),113.6,113.4(d,JC-F=23.3Hz),60.7,53.4(br),47.4(br),42.0(br),31.7,22.3,13.9.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-128.7.HRMS(ESI):452.2098(M+1);C24H27FN5O3计算值:452.2098。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(42)
根据一般程序D合成:H11(133mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到42(202mg,93.8%),其为黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.07(br s,1H),10.16(br s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.26(dd,2H,J=5.5,8.5Hz),6.99(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.88(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.70(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),3.48(s,2H),3.18(s,2H),2.66-2.58(m,6H),2.50(br s,4H),1.62(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.94(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.1,162.1(d,JC-F=243.8Hz),155.5(d,JC-F=235.0Hz),152.8(d,JC-F=0.9Hz),150.1(d,JC-F=2.0Hz),133.7,132.7(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),130.7(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),119.2(d,JC-F=22.5Hz),116.7(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),115.2(d,JC-F=21.0Hz),113.5(d,JC-F=23.4Hz),62.1,61.0,53.8,53.0,31.9,22.5,14.1.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.8,-129.0.HRMS(ESI):431.2250(M+1);C23H29F2N4O2计算值:431.2259。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-氟苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(43)
根据一般程序D合成:H12(140mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到43(195mg,87.7%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.07(br s,1H),10.32(br s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.36(dd,2H,J=5.0,8.5Hz),7.05(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.84(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.57(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.81(br s,2H),3.48(br s,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.62-2.50(m,6H),1.56(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.88(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.6,165.6,163.5(d,JC-F=249.3Hz),155.4(d,JC-F=235.4Hz),152.7(d,JC-F=0.9Hz),150.3,132.6(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),131.3(d,JC-F=3.4Hz),129.4(d,JC-F=8.4Hz),119.2(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),116.5(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),115.8(d,JC-F=21.6Hz),113.4(d,JC-F=23.4Hz),60.7,53.5(br),47.7(br),42.1(br),31.8,22.4,13.9.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-112.6,-128.8.HRMS(ESI):445.2049(M+1);C23H27F2N4O3计算值:445.2051。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(44)
根据一般程序D合成:H13(158mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-20%MeOH/EtOAc)得到44(184mg,76.5%),其为浅黄色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.08(br s,1H),10.18(br s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.56(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.43(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.88(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.69(dd,2H,J=3.0,8.5Hz),3.56(s,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.64-2.58(m,6H),2.52(br s,4H),1.62(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.93(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ166.1,155.5(d,JC-F=235.1Hz),152.8(d,JC-F=1.2Hz),150.0(d,JC-F=2.6Hz),142.4,132.7(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),129.5(q,JC-F=32.1Hz),129.3,125.3(q,JC-F=3.8Hz),124.4(q,JC-F=270.5Hz),119.2(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),116.7(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),113.5(d,JC-F=23.5Hz),62.3,61.0,53.8,53.1,31.9,22.5,14.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-65.4,-128.9.HRMS(ESI):481.2216(M+1);C24H29F4N4O2计算值:481.2227。
N’-(5-氟-2-羟基-3-丙基苯亚甲基)-2-(4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰基)哌嗪-1-基)乙酰肼(45)
根据一般程序D合成:H14(165mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),47e(91mg,0.50mmol,1.0当量),1.2M HCl(29μL,0.035mmol,0.070当量),EtOH(3mL,0.15M)。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(梯度,0-10%MeOH/EtOAc)得到45(140mg,56.7%),其为白色固体。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ11.04(br s,1H),10.19(br s,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.65(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.48(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),6.86(dd,1H,J=3.0,9.0Hz),6.60(dd,1H,J=3.0,8.0Hz),3.85(br s,2H),3.44(br s,2H),3.22(s,2H),2.67(br s,2H),2.60-2.51(m,4H),1.58(sext,2H,J=7.5Hz),0.90(t,3H,J=7.5Hz).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ169.0,165.5,155.4(d,JC-F=235.4Hz),152.7(d,JC-F=0.9Hz),150.4(d,JC-F=2.4Hz),138.9,132.7(d,JC-F=6.8Hz),132.0(q,JC-F=32.6Hz),127.5,125.8(q,JC-F=3.6Hz),123.7(q,JC-F=271.0Hz),119.3(d,JC-F=22.6Hz),116.5(d,JC-F=7.9Hz),113.4(d,JC-F=23.4Hz),60.8,53.5(br),47.5(br),42.0(br),31.8,22.4,14.0.19F-NMR(470MHz,CDCl3)δ-66.0,-128.7.HRMS(ESI):495.2008(M+1);C24H27F4N4O3计算值:495.2019。
方案3.1:用于合成多种酰肼的起始原料的实例。
实施例3引文
1.Putt,K.S.;Chen,G.W.;Pearson,J.M.;Sandhorst,J.S.;Hoagland,M.S.;Kwon,J.T.;Hwang,S.K.;Jin,H.;Churchwell,M.I.;Cho,M.H.;Doerge,D.R.;Helferich,W.G.;Hergenrother,P.J.,Small-molecule activation of procaspase-3to caspase-3as a personalizedanticancer strategy.Nat.Chem.Biol.2006,2,543-550.
2.Peterson,Q.P.;Hsu,D.C.;Goode,D.R.;Novotny,C.J.;Totten,R.K.;Hergenrother,P.J.,Procaspase-3Activation as an Anti-CancerStrategy:Structure-Activity Relationship of Procaspase-ActivatingCompound 1(PAC-1)and Its Cellular Co-Localization with Caspase-3.J.Med.Chem.2009,52,5721-5731.
3.Hsu,D.C.;Roth,H.S.;West,D.C.;Botham,R.C.;Novotny,C.J.;Schmid,S.C.;Hergenrother,P.J.,Parallel Synthesis and BiologicalEvaluation of 837Analogues of Procaspase-Activating Compound 1(PAC-1).ACS Comb.Sci.2012,14,44-50.
4.Vichai,V.;Kirtikara,K.,Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay forcytotoxicity screening.Nat.Protoc.2006,1,1112-1116.
实施例5.药物剂型
以下制剂举例说明了代表性的药物剂型,所述药物剂型可用于本文所描述的分子式化合物、本文所特别公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物(以下称为“化合物X”)的治疗或预防给药:
这些制剂可通过制药领域公知的常规步骤制备。应理解,上述药物组合物可根据公知的制药技术而变化以适应活性成分“化合物X”的不同的量和类型。气雾剂(vi)可与标准的、计量剂量的气雾剂分配器一起使用。此外,具体的成分和比例用作说明目的。根据对目标剂量形式所期望的性质,成分可互换为适宜的等效物并且比例可改变。
虽然,上面已参考所公开的实施方案和实施例描述了具体的实施方案,然而,所述实施例仅是说明性的,并非限制本发明的范围。在不偏离本发明在下面权利要求中定义的其较宽泛方面的情况下,可根据本领域的普通技术作出变化和修改。
所有出版物、专利和专利文献通过引证的方式纳入本文,如同单独地通过引证的方式纳入一样。不应从中理解出与本发明不一致的限定。已参考多种具体的和优选的实施方案和技术描述了本发明。然而,应理解,在保持在本发明的实质和范围内的情况下可作出多种变型和修改。
Claims (16)
1.化合物,其在接触半胱天冬酶原-3时直接激活半胱天冬酶原-3,其中所述化合物为式Ⅰ的新化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
其中
R1为任选取代的苯甲酰基;
n为1、2、3或4;以及
各R2独立地为H、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、羧基、卤、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、苄基、苄基氧基、硝基、氰基(-CN)、氨磺酰(-SO2NH2)、2-丙烯基、乙炔、N-烷基-三唑或N-苄基-三唑;或两个R2基团形成邻位稠合的苯并基团。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中n为1或2。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2为甲基、叔丁基、甲氧基、羟基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氨基、乙基氨基、二乙基氨基、三氟甲氧基、苄基、苄基氧基、硝基、2-丙烯基、乙炔、N-甲基-三唑或N-苄基-三唑。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中n为2且两个R2基团形成邻位稠合的苯并基团。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中n为2且各R2为叔丁基。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中n为1且R2为2-丙烯基。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为甲氧基-苄基、二甲氧基-苄基、苄基氧基-苄基、叔丁基-苄基、萘基亚甲基、或乙基-苄基。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为4-甲氧基-苄基、2,5-二甲氧基-苄基、4-苄基氧基-苄基、4-叔丁基-苄基、2-萘基亚甲基、或4-乙基-苄基。
9.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为:
在各个部分的苄型位置处的亚甲基基团被羰基替换的基团。
10.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述化合物为:
11.权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物,其中所述化合物在培养物中诱导癌细胞死亡。
12.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物和药学上可接受的稀释剂、赋形剂或载体。
13.治疗癌细胞的方法,包括(a)采用半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物鉴别对癌细胞治疗的敏感性;和(b)使癌细胞暴露于有效量的半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物;其中所述半胱天冬酶原激活剂化合物为权利要求1的化合物。
14.在细胞中诱导细胞凋亡的方法,包括给予细胞有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
15.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述化合物为式(X)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
其中
R10为H、F、Cl、Br、-NO2、-CN、-CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2;
R20为H、F、Cl、Br、-NO2、-CN、CF3、-OCF3或-SO2NH2;以及
R30为H、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烯基或(C1-C6)烷氧基。
16.权利要求15的化合物,其中R30为H、丙基或2-丙烯基。
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KR102157912B1 (ko) | 2020-09-21 |
BR112015002357A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
CA2879798A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
AU2013296187B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
EP2880020B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
MX364002B (es) | 2019-04-10 |
BR112015002357B1 (pt) | 2022-03-15 |
AU2013296187A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
US9249116B2 (en) | 2016-02-02 |
JP2015524445A (ja) | 2015-08-24 |
RU2652989C2 (ru) | 2018-05-04 |
KR20150038390A (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
HK1205112A1 (zh) | 2015-12-11 |
RU2015107303A (ru) | 2016-09-27 |
EP2880020A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
CN104981461B (zh) | 2017-09-29 |
WO2014022858A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
US20150210659A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
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