CN104980059B - A kind of output device of the electrical signal including Cyclic flexion structure - Google Patents
A kind of output device of the electrical signal including Cyclic flexion structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention utilizes the triboelectricity device with Cyclic flexion structure, realizes effective collection to wideband mechanical energy.Concrete structure includes the first component of slab construction and has Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur, the wherein described first component includes first electrode layer and fits in the first frictional layer of the first electrode layer lower surface, the second component includes the second electrode lay, the portion lower surface of first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component are in periodically to contact with each other state without external forces, and it can be in contact the mantle friction of area change under the effect of external force, pass through the first electrode layer and the outside circuit output electric signal of the second electrode lay simultaneously.The important application of the present invention is collection and hydrological analysis to great waves energy in rivers,lakes and seas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of output device of the electrical signal based on triboelectricity, and especially a kind of includes Cyclic flexion knot
The output device of the electrical signal of structure and the device can be collected and the application in hydrological analysis in liquid machine.
Background technology
Although triboelectrification phenomenon is already known, successfully generated electricity using the effect, was rubbed in 2012
Wiping nano generator is successfully researched and developed inchoate.This generator is with small, light weight and cost is low, easily prepared, energy
The many advantages such as transformation efficiency height, output power density height are measured, there is very wide application prospect.
Contain huge energy in seawater, is mainly embodied by tide energy and sea wave energy.But up to the present, this
A little energy are almost complete absence of being utilized.The reason is that tide energy and the frequency of sea wave energy are very low, currently used electromagnetic generator
Effectively such Low-Frequency Mechanical can not can be collected.Meanwhile seawater is due to the limitation in not no river, Energy distribution compares point
It dissipates, needs to be laid with generator on a large scale, cost is quite high.Moreover, the corrosion of seawater is for the accurate Electromagnetic generation system of construction
System causes serious threat.Therefore, in order to effectively collect the energy of seawater, there is an urgent need for a kind of completely new technologies of exploitation to replace mesh
The preceding scheme using electromagnetic generator.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is utilize the excellent of friction nanometer power generator
Gesture, extensive, low frequency energy, especially seawater collection of energy electric signal output dress can be suitable for by designing and preparing one kind
It sets and the application process of the device.For this purpose, present invention firstly provides a kind of output device of the electrical signal, including slab construction
The first component and with that Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur, wherein the first component includes
First electrode layer and the first frictional layer for fitting in the first electrode layer lower surface, the second component includes second electrode
Layer, the portion lower surface of first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component are in periodically without external forces
State is contacted with each other, and the mantle friction of area change can be in contact under the effect of external force, while passing through described
One electrode layer and the outside circuit output electric signal of the second electrode lay；
Preferably, the Cyclic flexion structure is wave structure；
Preferably, the upper surface of the second component is made of the upper surface of the second electrode lay；
Preferably, the second component includes also the second supporting layer, and the upper surface of second supporting layer fits in completely
The lower surface of the second electrode lay；
Preferably, the material for preparing second supporting layer has elastically-deformable characteristic；
Preferably, the material for preparing second supporting layer is selected from polyimides or polyethylene terephthalate：
Preferably, the thickness of second supporting layer is 50 μm -200 μm；
Preferably, further include the third member being placed in below the second component, the third member includes third electrode
Layer and the third frictional layer for fitting in third electrode layer upper surface, the second component also includes the 4th electrode layer, described
The lower surface of second supporting layer fits in the upper surface of the 4th electrode layer, the lower surface of the 4th electrode layer and completely
The upper surface of three frictional layers can be in contact the mantle friction of area change under external force, and pass through the 4th electricity
Pole layer and the outside circuit output electric signal of third electrode layer；
Preferably, further include the third member being placed in below the second component, the third member includes third electrode
Layer and the third frictional layer for fitting in third electrode layer upper surface, the lower surface of the second component is by the second electrode
The lower surface of layer is constituted, and is in contact the surface of area change in the upper surface of the lower surface of second component and third member
In friction process, the second electrode lay and the outside circuit output electric signal of third electrode layer can be passed through；
Preferably, first frictional layer is relative to the second electrode lay, with the third frictional layer relative to described second
Electrode layer, friction electrode sequence trend having the same；
Preferably, the spacing between the first component and third member is the thickness of the second component；
Preferably, the position between the first component and third member is made to be relatively fixed by fixing piece connection；
Preferably, the fixing piece be insulating tape, and between the first component and the edge of third member into
Row bonds；
Preferably, first frictional layer and/or third frictional layer are insulating materials；
Preferably, first frictional layer and/or third frictional layer are selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), dimethyl silicone polymer, gather
Acid imide, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose
Element, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate,
Polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-propene
It lonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and its knits
Object, paper, staple fibre, cotton and its fabric, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene,
Polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin, neoprene
Rubber, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly- (vinylidene chloride-co- acrylonitrile), polyethylene the third diphenol carbon
Hydrochlorate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, makrolon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile,
Acetate, poly bis phenol carbonate, polyether, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride
And Parylene, including Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4；
Preferably, first frictional layer lower surface partially or fully and/or the office of third frictional layer upper surface
Portion or all equipped with micro-nano structure；
Preferably, the micro-nano structure is selected from from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer ditch
Slot, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron are bored, micron particles, micron trenches, and the array being made of above structure；
Preferably, further include the first supporting layer and/or third supporting layer, it is electric that first supporting layer is fixed on described first
The upper surface of pole layer, the third supporting layer are fixed on the lower surface of the third electrode layer；
Preferably, between the first electrode layer and the first supporting layer, and/or, the third electrode layer and third support
It is additionally provided with auxiliary layer between layer；
Preferably, the auxiliary layer is dimethyl silicone polymer；
Preferably, further include encapsulating structure, the encapsulating structure is placed in the outermost of entire output device of the electrical signal, is used for
Sealing.
The present invention also provides a kind of collection methods of liquid kinetic energy, including are fixed after aforementioned output device of the electrical signal is sealed
In the place for thering is liquid flowing to pass through, and electric energy is collected by electrical signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of hydrological analysis methods, including have been fixed on liquid after aforementioned output device of the electrical signal is sealed
The place that body flowing is passed through, and the electric signal of electrical signal output is acquired and is analyzed.
The advantage of output device of the electrical signal provided by the present invention is：First, use tablet and Cyclic flexion knot
The structure that structure is combined, and elastic deformation can occur for the second component with Cyclic flexion structure, and effect is similar to
Spring so that elastic deformation can occur after being impacted for device, and the shape of script can be restored to after impact cancels
Shape, thus will be perpendicular to the power of device plane and displacement is converted into the sliding for being parallel to device plane that can efficiently electrify and rubs
It wipes.Second, the mechanical property of Cyclic flexion structure determines that its spring constant has non-linear component, this makes this electric signal defeated
Going out device can be with the very wide mechanical energy of collection frequency range.Third, this output device of the electrical signal have weight small, and flexibility is strong
Feature allows it to be collected simultaneously extensive and small-scale mechanical energy.4th, after sealing device, it can be effective
Collect the energy of ripples.5th, which can distinguish different ripples triggering patterns, present it in the hydrology
The application prospect of analysis field.
Description of the drawings
Shown in attached drawing, above and other purpose of the invention, feature and advantage will be more clear.In whole attached drawings
Identical reference numeral indicates identical part.It is not scaled according to actual size equal proportion deliberately and draws attached drawing, it is preferred that emphasis is
Show the purport of the present invention.In addition, though the demonstration of the parameter comprising particular value can be provided herein, but parameter is without definite etc.
In corresponding value, but can be similar to be worth accordingly in acceptable error margin or design constraint.In addition, following embodiment
In the direction term, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc. mentioned, be only the direction of refer to the attached drawing.Therefore,
The direction term used is intended to be illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is another typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is another typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is another typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the preparation process schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal shown in embodiment 1；
Fig. 7 is the electric signal output spectrogram of output device of the electrical signal shown in embodiment 1, wherein（a）For different output frequencies
Under voltage output spectrogram,（b）Spectrogram is exported for the electric current under different output frequencies,（c）For average peak voltage and output frequency
The relationship of rate,（d）For the relationship of average peak current and output frequency；
Fig. 8 is the average peak voltage and current exported under different loads（a）And peak power（b）；
Fig. 9 is the voltage measured by embodiment 3（a）And electric current（b）Output signal, and stop voltage after agitation（c）With
Electric current（d）Change with time spectrogram；
Figure 10 is the different agitation modes described in embodiment 4, and the electric signal spectrum obtained under different agitating modes
Figure,（a）Mode one, agitation direction perpendicular to first component surface,（b）Mode two, agitation are oriented parallel to first component surface,
（c）Mode three, agitation direction and first component surface angle at 45 °；（d）The voltage output of mode one,（e）The voltage of mode two is defeated
Go out,（f）The voltage output of mode three；（g）The Fourier transformation of one voltage output of mode,（h）In Fu of two voltage output of mode
Leaf transformation,（i）The Fourier transformation of three voltage output of mode.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, every other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Secondly, combination schematic diagram of the present invention is described in detail, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, for purposes of illustration only, institute
It is example to state schematic diagram, should not limit the scope of protection of the invention herein.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, including the first component of slab construction and has the period
Property warp architecture and elastically-deformable second component can occur, wherein the first component includes first electrode layer 10 and fitting
The first frictional layer 11 in 10 lower surface of the first electrode layer, second component include the second electrode lay 20, first friction
The portion lower surface of layer and the portion of upper surface of second component contact with each other state in periodical without external forces, and
And it can be in contact the mantle friction of area change under the effect of external force, while passing through the first electrode layer 10 and second
20 outside circuit output electric signal of electrode layer.The principle of the present invention, each component are described below with reference to the typical structure of Fig. 1
Selection principle and material ranges it is obvious that these contents are not limited merely to embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but can be used
In all technical solutions disclosed in this invention.
The operation principle of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention is referring to Fig. 2.Fig. 2（a）It is output device of the electrical signal in equilibrium-like
Sectional view under state.After by external impacts, the second component with Cyclic flexion structure is compressed in vertical direction,
Parallel direction extends, such as Fig. 2（b）It is shown；After impact force disappears, due to the characteristic with elastic bending deformation, second component
It rebounds, is shunk in parallel direction, such as Fig. 2 in vertical direction（c）It is shown.The operation principle of output device of the electrical signal includes two
Part：The transfer and separation of charge.The transfer of charge is contacted and is rubbed by the surface between second component and the first component
It wipes, wherein side's betatopic, another party obtain electronics.The separation of charge is by institute between the electrode layer on two components
What the electric capacitance change of the capacitance of composition was completed.The equivalent circuit of the device is as shown in Fig. 2 right half parts.It is sent out with second electrode 20
After raw contact friction, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11 carries a certain amount of electrostatic charge（This is sentenced with for negative electrical charge）, this
A little negative electrical charges can all generate positive charge in first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20.Under the action of impact force, two
Spacing between electrode layer becomes smaller, and projected area of the second electrode lay 20 in first electrode layer 10 becomes larger, such as Fig. 2-B institutes
Show.Therefore, the positive charge generated on the second electrode lay 20 becomes more, and the positive charge generated in first electrode layer 10 tails off, this
Result in flowing of the electronics in external circuit.When impact force is small, opposite, the distance between two electrode layers become larger, the second electricity
Projected area of the pole layer 20 in first electrode layer 10 becomes smaller, as shown in Fig. 2-C.Therefore it is generated just on the second electrode lay 20
Charge tails off, and the positive charge that is generated in first electrode layer 10 becomes more, which results in electronics external circuit negative direction flowing.
It is the basic functional principle of output device of the electrical signal in the present invention above.Inventor also utilizes the method for finite element analysis, right
Electrostatic field distribution situation in the case of three kinds of Fig. 2A-C is simulated.It is consistent with the analysis more than us to simulate obtained result,
That is the variation of capacitance results in the change of field distribution, and further causes flowing of the electronics in external circuit.
Material friction electrical property involved in the present invention refers to that a kind of material is occurring friction with other materials or contacting
The receiving and losing electrons ability shown in the process, i.e., one positively charged, band when two different materials are in contact or rub
Negative electricity, illustrate both materials obtains electronic capability difference, that is, the friction electrical property of the two is different.For example, polymer nylon
When contact with aluminium foil, surface is positively charged, i.e. betatopic ability is stronger, polymer poly tetrafluoroethene contacted with aluminium foil when
It waits, surface is negatively charged stronger to get electronic capability.
First frictional layer 11 provides a friction surface for output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, and material selection mainly considers
The friction electrical property for another rubbing contact-material being used cooperatively with it.In the present embodiment, make with the cooperation of the first frictional layer 11
Rubbing surface is conductive the second electrode lay 20, thus the lower surface material of first frictional layer 11 should be selected from conductor have compared with
The insulating materials and semi-conducting material of big friction electrical property difference so that the two easy tos produce surface during rubbing
Contact charge.Wherein, insulator can be selected from some there are commonly organic polymeric material and natural material, including：Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
Dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyethylene terephthalate, aniline-formaldehyde resin,
Polyformaldehyde, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, gathers ethyl cellulose
Ethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer are total
Polymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and
Its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, staple fibre, cotton and its fabric, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyethylene
Alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol contracting
Butyraldehyde, phenolic resin, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly- (vinylidene chloride-co- propylene
Nitrile), polyethylene the third diphenol carbonate, it is polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, makrolon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, poly-
Chlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, acetate, poly bis phenol carbonate, polyether, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, poly- second
Alkene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, including Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4.
Common semiconductor includes silicon, germanium；IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.；IIth and
VI compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.；And the solid solution being made of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group
Body, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc..In addition to above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor
Deng.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have triboelectric characteristics, can be formed in friction process
Surface charge, therefore can also be used to, as the oxide of the first frictional layer 11 of the invention, such as manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also wrap
Include silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2 and Y2O3.It as space is limited the reason of, can not
Exhaustion is carried out to all possible material, some specific materials is only listed herein and is referred to for people, but it is clear that these are specific
Material can not become the restrictive factor of the scope of the present invention because under the enlightenment of invention, those skilled in the art
Member is easy to the material for selecting other similar according to triboelectric characteristics possessed by these materials.
It is found through experiments that, when the friction electrical property phase between the surfacing that the first component and second component contact with each other
When difference is bigger, the electric signal of generator output is stronger.So can suitable material be selected to prepare the according to actual needs
The contact surface of one frictional layer 11 and second component, to obtain better output effect.Material with cathode frottage electrical property
Expect that preferred polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides are sub-
Amine, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Parylene, including Parylene C, send it is auspicious
Woods N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4；It is the preferred aniline-formaldehyde resin of material with positive frottage electrical property, poly-
Formaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silk and its fabric, paper, poly- second two
Alcohol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated fiber
Plain sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, wood,
Hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyester.
Contact area between first frictional layer 11 and second component upper surface in order to further increase, to increase contact
The quantity of electric charge, can also be in the micro-structure for being partially or fully provided with micron or secondary micron dimension of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11
Array.Specific setting method includes photoengraving, chemical etching and plasma etching etc..The micro-structure is selected from nano wire,
Nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles,
Micron trenches, and the array that is made of above structure.In addition, in order to achieve the above object, it can also be in the first frictional layer 11
Lower surface intersperse or coated with nano material.The nano material can be selected from nano particle, nanotube, nano wire and nanometer rods.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, it can also be to 11 lower surface row chemical modification of the first frictional layer, it can be further
Improve charge Contact transfer amount, to improve contact charge density and generator output power.Chemical modification is again
It is divided into the following two kinds type：A kind of method is to the first frictional layer 11, is that positive material surface introducing is more easy to betatopic in polarity
Functional group（I.e. strong electron donating group）, or in polarity be the functional group that negative material surface introduces the electronics that is more easy to get（It is strong to inhale
Electron group）, transfer amount of the charge in friction process can be further increased, to improve triboelectric charge density and power generation
The output power of machine.Electron donating group includes by force：Amino, hydroxyl, alkoxy etc.；Strong electron-withdrawing group group includes：Acyl group, carboxyl,
Nitro, sulfonic group etc..The conventional methods such as plasma surface modification may be used in the introducing of functional group.Such as can make oxygen and
The gaseous mixture of nitrogen generates plasma under certain power, to introduce amino in material surface.Another method be
Polarity introduces positive charge for positive baseplate material surface, and is that negative material surface introduces negative electrical charge in polarity.Can specifically it lead to
The mode for crossing chemical bonding is realized.For example, can be modified using the method for sol-gel in dimethyl silicone polymer substrate surface
Upper ethyl orthosilicate, and keep its negatively charged.Ten can also be contained using the bond of gold-sulphur modification upper surface in metallic gold film layer
The gold nanoparticle of six alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides since cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is cation, therefore can make entire base
Plate becomes positively charged.Those skilled in the art can be according to the kind of the receiving and losing electrons property and surface chemistry key of baseplate material
Class selects suitable decorative material bonded thereto, and to reach the purpose of the present invention, therefore such deformation is all in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of shield.
First frictional layer 11 is generally the thin layer or film of single layer, and thickness is between 100nm-1mm, preferably 500nm-800 μ
M, more preferable 10 μm -500 μm.Commercially available film can be used, can also be prepared by the methods of spin coating.
First electrode layer 10 is constructed from a material that be electrically conducting, and the conductive material can be selected from metal, indium tin oxide, organic matter
Conductor or the semiconductor of doping, first electrode layer 10 can be tablet, thin slice or film, wherein film thickness it is optional ranging from
10nm-5mm, preferably 50nm-1mm, preferably 100nm-500 μm, more preferable 100nm-1 μm.Material commonly used in the art is：
Metal, including gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium；By one in gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and selenium
Kind or a variety of be formed by alloy；Conductive oxide, such as tin indium oxide ITO；Organic matter conductor is generally conducting polymer, packet
It includes from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly- phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.First electrode layer 10 can be by directly pasting
The usual manners such as conjunction or sputtering, deposition are fixed on the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11, are in close contact with being formed.First electrode layer 10
It is approximate or equal with the shape and size of the first frictional layer 11, to ensure all triboelectric charges of 11 surface of the first frictional layer generation
Induced charge can be generated in first electrode layer 10, to achieve the purpose that be used effectively.
It must be hard material that the present invention, which does not limit first electrode layer 10 and the first frictional layer 11, can also select flexibility
Material, because the hardness of material does not have a significant effect to the perception of touch action and the output effect of electric signal.If you need to rub
Face maintains plane, can also be realized by the way that the first supporting layer is arranged in the upper surface of first electrode layer 10, first supporting layer
Hardness most to can be compared to second component big.It, can be in order to make the combination of the first supporting layer and first electrode layer more closely
One auxiliary layer, such as dimethyl silicone polymer are set between one supporting layer and first electrode layer, are first solidificated in the auxiliary layer
Then first electrode layer is bonded by the surface of the first supporting layer with the auxiliary layer again.Therefore, those skilled in the art can root
The material hardness of first electrode layer 10 and the first frictional layer 11 is selected according to actual conditions.
The Cyclic flexion structure that the second component has is the key that the present invention.The Cyclic flexion structure both can be with
It is rectangular wave, can also be wave structure.The length in its amplitude and period has one for the output performance of output device of the electrical signal
Fixing is rung, it is however generally that, amplitude is bigger, and electric signal output performance is bigger, and the smaller electric signal output performance of cycle length is bigger.But
It is in practical application, also to combine the problems such as preparing difficulty and cost while consider.The periodical extending direction of second component
It is consistent with the plane extending direction of the first frictional layer lower surface, so that the portion of upper surface of second component and the first frictional layer
Periodic contact is presented in 11 portion lower surface.When output device of the electrical signal is by the direction external force vertical with first component surface
When effect, second component can be compressed accordingly, in amplitude reduction, the increased confined state of entire length（Referring to
Fig. 2-b）.After external force cancels, due to the elastic deformation characteristics of second component, it can be made to tend to restore to the original state, but due to
The reason of inertia, may undergo the release state that amplitude increases, entire length reduces during reinstatement（Referring to Fig. 2-
c）.And finally revert to initial equilibrium state by the oscillation between release state and squeezed state（Referring to Fig. 2-a）.In order to carry
The utilization rate of high material, second component are in the entire length when confined state of amplitude reduction, it should be less than or equal to the
One component, the especially length of the first frictional layer 11.Due to the Cyclic flexion structure of second component form one it is non-ideal
Spring, therefore there is nonlinear response effect for extraneous stress, it can realize the collection of energy of wideband.
The material selection of the second electrode lay 20 is identical as the material selection range of first electrode layer 10, and the two electrodes
The material of layer may be the same or different.Since the second electrode lay 20 needs have elastically-deformable characteristic, and being capable of shape
At Cyclic flexion structure, therefore, thickness is preferably no more than 1 μm, preferably 100nm-1 μm.If the second electrode lay 20
Material elasticity itself cannot meet the needs, then can be bonded one the second supporting layer of setting in the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20
22, concrete structure can be found in Fig. 3.Wherein the second supporting layer 22 has Cyclic flexion structure identical with the second electrode lay 20,
The upper surface of second supporting layer 22 fits in the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20 completely.It can select to be easily worked molding and have
The material preparation of elastic deformation characteristics, such as thermoplastic material, specially polyimides or ethylene glycol terephthalate.Second
Between electrode layer 20 and the second supporting layer 22 can by it is independently prepared and by bonding in a manner of be fixed together, or can also be first
Prepare the second supporting layer 22, and the Cyclic flexion structure needed for its formation and then surface directly prepares second on it
Electrode layer 20, such as thin layer of conductive material is formed by way of sputtering or depositing.The thickness of second supporting layer 22 be 10 μm-
1mm, preferably 50 μm -200 μm.
Fig. 4 is another typical structure of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, including the first component of slab construction, has
Cyclic flexion structure and the third member that elastically-deformable second component and slab construction can occur, wherein described first
Part includes first electrode layer 10 and fits in the first frictional layer 11 of 10 lower surface of the first electrode layer, and second component includes the
Two electrode layers 20, third member include third electrode layer 30 and fit in the third frictional layer of 30 upper surface of third electrode layer
31, the portion lower surface of first frictional layer 11 and the portion of upper surface of the second electrode lay 20 are in without external forces
State periodically is contacted with each other, and under the effect of external force, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11 is upper with the second electrode lay 20
Between the lower surface of the upper surface and the second electrode lay 20 of surface and third frictional layer 31, area change can be in contact
Mantle friction, while passing through the first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20 and third electrode layer 30 and the second electrode lay
20 outside circuit output electric signals.
The selection of each component and structure are implemented with shown in earlier figures 1 in the first component and second component in the embodiment
Each component in mode is identical, and details are not described herein.31 selection of third frictional layer in third member is selected with the first frictional layer 11
Material range is identical, and the material of third frictional layer 31 and the material of the first frictional layer 11 may be the same or different, if
The two material is different, friction electrical property trend of first frictional layer 11 relative to the second electrode lay 20 is should ensure that, with third friction
Layer 31 is identical relative to the friction electrical property trend of the second electrode lay 20, that is, when the first frictional layer 11 is relative to the second electrode lay
20 when having relatively negative friction electrical property, and third frictional layer 31 also has electrical compared with negative friction relative to the second electrode lay 20
Matter, vice versa.It just can ensure that in this way during with the first frictional layer 11 and the friction of third frictional layer 31, the second electrode lay
The surface charge generated on 20 is electrically identical, will not cancel out each other.
The shape and size of third member are preferably identical or approximate as the first component.In no outer force effect, third is rubbed
Layer 31, which is wiped, with the second electrode lay 20 to be in periodic localized contact, i.e., between the first frictional layer 11 and the second electrode lay 20
Structural relation it is similar.At this point, the spacing between the first component and third member is the thickness of second component.It can be by solid
Determine connector the relative position of the first component and third member is fixed, to formed second component it is intermediate, first
Part and third member are in both ends, relatively-stationary interlayer structure.The fixedly connected part can be the various assemblies of this field routine,
It is preferable to use insulating tapes, and are bonded between the first component and the edge of third member.The fixedly connected part plays simultaneously
The effect of damper can enhance the nonlinear effect of entire output device of the electrical signal.
It is the same with the first component in earlier embodiments, can also include third supporting layer and/or auxiliary in third member
Layer is helped, for providing rigidity for whole part.
In another typical structure, in no outer force effect, third member is in the first component and second component
The state of relative separation, after having outer force effect, third member is contacted with the surface of second component, and oppress second component with
The mantle friction of contact area variation is formed between the first component.This structure is by third member and the first component and second component
Installation is split, to the more adaptable of environment.
Fig. 5 is another typical structure of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, primary structure electric signal as shown in fig. 4
Output device is identical, and it further includes the second supporting layer 22 and the 4th electrode layer 40 to differ only in second component, wherein second
The upper surface of supporting layer 22 is bonded with the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20, lower surface and the 4th electrode layer 40 of the second supporting layer 22
Upper surface fitting, to realize supporting role to the second electrode lay 20 and the 4th electrode layer 40, the 4th electrode layer 40
Lower surface and the upper surface of third frictional layer 31 can be in contact the mantle friction of area change under external force, and
Pass through 30 outside circuit output electric signal of the 4th electrode layer 40 and third electrode layer.Second supporting layer 22 is as shown in figure 3
The second supporting layer 22 in output device of the electrical signal is consistent, is flexible insulating materials.4th electrode layer 40 and the second electricity
The selection range of pole layer 20 is consistent, and the two may be the same or different.Due to the second supporting layer 22 to be insulated therebetween
Isolation, therefore, not for the friction electrode sequence difference trend between the two and the first frictional layer 11 and third frictional layer 31
It limits.Similar with structure shown in Fig. 3, preferably the second electrode lay 20 and the 4th electrode layer 40 are directly on 22 surface of the second supporting layer
It prepares, the method that this field routine can be selected, such as sputtering or deposition.
The above electrical signal output device of the present invention can be also used for the collection of sea wave energy, be needed thus in electric signal output
An encapsulating structure is arranged in the outermost of device, for sealing entire output device of the electrical signal, so as to can be in liquid environment
Using.The encapsulating structure can use the sealing material of this field routine, such as rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides.
The above electrical signal output device of the present invention can be used for the collection of liquid kinetic energy, and specific method can will be above
After any one output device of the electrical signal is sealed, it is fixed on the place that liquid flowing is passed through, such as holding liquid
Container wall, have flow pass through dam, bank seabeach etc., enable liquid in the direction vertical with first component surface
It is enough that impact, in this way when liquid flows through the output device of the electrical signal, the electric signal are generated to the output device of the electrical signal
Output device will work under the impact of fluid, so as to collect electric energy by electrical signal.
Inventor is found through experiments that, the above electrical signal output device of the invention energy under different liquid flow environments
Different electric signals is enough exported, therefore the output device of the electrical signal is also used as hydrological analysis.It specifically can will be aforementioned arbitrary
The place that liquid flowing is passed through is fixed on after a kind of sealing of output device of the electrical signal, and to the telecommunications of electrical signal output
It number is acquired and analyzes.When liquid flow direction is vertical with the first component surface of output device of the electrical signal, flowing pair
The impact force of the output device of the electrical signal is maximum, and the electric signal of output is most strong, when liquid flow direction and electric signal output fill
When the first component surface set is parallel, the electric signal of output minimum to the impact force of the output device of the electrical signal is flowed
It is most weak.During liquid flowing simultaneously the conditions such as whirlpool, bubble can all influence its to the impact direction of output device of the electrical signal and
Dynamics, so as to cause electrical signal intensity and the frequency difference of output.It can be also by the way that these signals are acquired and are analyzed
The flow regime of primary liquid.
The preparation of 1 output device of the electrical signal of embodiment
Raw material include the polyimides of 125 μ m-thicks（Referred to as Kapton）Film, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 125 μ m-thicks（Letter
Referred to as PTFE）Film, the organic glass of 30mm thickness（Acrylic）With copper sputtering source.Kapton films are carried out periodically first
Bending.Method therefor such as Fig. 6（a）It is shown, the parameter of Kapton bendings is adjusted using the diameter and spacing of metal bar, is used in combination two
Fix the both ends of metal bar respectively to metallic plate.Then whole be sent into Muffle furnace toasts four at a temperature of 360 degrees Celsius
Hour.According to the tables of data that E.I.Du Pont Company provides, Kapton films are a kind of thermoplastic materials, and glass transition temperature is Celsius 360
It spends between 400 degrees Celsius.Therefore after baking at room temperature Kapton films by its corrugated shape of stable holding.This
The metallic copper of 200nm is all sputtered on Kapton films two sides afterwards as electrode, to form the second component of the present invention.Another party
Face takes the sizeable PTFE films of two panels, and plasma etching is carried out after sputtering a small amount of metallic gold to one surface
Processing, obtains such as Fig. 6（b）Shown in nanostructure.The purpose so handled is in order to increase the roughness of material surface, to increase
The effect of strong triboelectrification.The copper of 200nm thickness is equally sputtered as electrode in the other one side of two panels PTFE.Due to used
PTFE is not enough to the structure of supporting device, we have chosen two blocks of appropriately sized polypropylene than relatively thin（Acrylic）As base
Bottom covers a very thin strata dimethyl siloxane on it（That is PDMS）.After solidification, the one side for PTFE being coated with copper is tight
Close is pasted onto on PDMS, forms the first component and third member of the present invention.Finally, waveform Kapton is clipped in first
Between part and third member（The one of PTFE is inward-facing）, we have obtained such as Fig. 6（c）Shown in device.The schematic diagram of amplification is such as
Fig. 6（d）It is shown, wherein positioned at the surfaces PTFE nanostructure with waveform Kapton is sandwich periodically contacts.For fixation
The structure of device is pasted on its four sides using insulating tape.The optical photograph of resulting devices such as Fig. 6（e）It is shown.
In order to test the performance of output device of the electrical signal, we are fixed on an oscillator.It open-circuit voltage and closes
Road electric current uses Keithley6514 electrometers to measure.The frequency range of measurement is 5Hz to 500Hz, during which the oscillation of oscillator
Amplitude remains unchanged.Voltage output such as Fig. 7 under 5Hz frequencies of oscillation（a）（a1）Shown, average peak voltage is on the left sides 4.2V
It is right.Voltage output such as Fig. 7 under 100Hz frequencies of oscillation（a）（a2）Shown, average peak voltage is up to 72V.500Hz's shakes
Swing voltage output such as Fig. 7 under frequency（a）（a3）It is shown, average peak current path to 7.5V or so.In these three frequencies
Corresponding electric current output is sequentially displayed in Fig. 7 down（b）（b1）-（b3）.The average peak current of 5Hz is the flat of 3.3 μ A, 100Hz
The average peak current that equal peak point current is 31 μ A, 500Hz is 5.2 μ A.The output of average peak voltage and current with frequency change
Change respectively such as Fig. 7（c）With（d）It is shown.It will be seen that the resonant frequency of device is in 100Hz or so from figure.And correspond to electricity
Pressure, electric current the halfwidths of two curves be respectively 127Hz and 100Hz, than having for most of existing concussion energy harvester
Imitating frequency range will be wide.
2 output device of the electrical signal of embodiment tests the ability to bring along of load
The output device of the electrical signal prepared using embodiment 1 is provided under the frequency of oscillation of 100Hz using rheostat
From the load resistance of the different resistance values of 1K Ω to 100M Ω, and test the output of the output device of the electrical signal under these resistance
Energy.Electrometer is in parallel with load resistance when test voltage；Electrometer is connected with load resistance when testing electric current.Fig. 8（a）It illustrates
The result that we test.As can be seen that average peak output voltage increases with the increase of load resistor value, average peak output
Electric current increases with the reduction of load resistor value.Moment exports relationship such as Fig. 8 of peak power and resistance change（b）It is shown,
Reach highest 0.4W/m2 at 5M Ω.In order to have more intuitive understanding for ability of the output device of the electrical signal with dynamic load,
104 green light LEDs are connected on the both ends of generator and provide the source of mechanical energy with oscillator by us, are vibrated when starting
Device and after making frequency of oscillation reach 100Hz, all LED are lit.
Other than the high frequency mechanical energy as 100Hz, output device of the electrical signal of the invention can also have height to Low-Frequency Mechanical
The capacity gauge of effect.By generator as plot blanket lower section, same 104 LED of connecting.When people's carpet of passing by is stepped on power generation
At the time of machine, whole LED is lit.
Collection of 3 output device of the electrical signal of embodiment to sea wave energy
The output device of the electrical signal prepared using embodiment 1, with the fluctuation of water in bathing pool come the situation of wave simulated.Electricity
Signal output apparatus is packaged in a frivolous rubber pocket first to achieve the purpose that waterproof, is fixed in bathing pool later
Side wall.By stirring the water in bathing pool, the surface of the surge generator of the wave period produced, the mechanical energy quilt of impact
It is converted to electric energy.The output voltage signal measured is by Fig. 9（a）Shown, average peak voltage is in 24V or so.Stopping stirring
After dynamic, the movement of water will not stop at once.From Fig. 9（b）Shown voltage signal can see, and output amplitude subtracts at any time
Small, even if after agitation stops one minute, generator still can provide the voltage output of 1.2V or so.Corresponding electric current is defeated
Go out by Fig. 9（c）Shown, the average peak current provided is in 6 μ A or so.Electric current after agitation stops exports such as Fig. 9（d）Institute
Show.After agitation stops one minute, generator still can provide the output current that amplitude is 0.3 μ A.It is noted that
Mechanical energy contained in the area and ripples of device is all extremely limited in this demonstration.In practical applications, the covering surface of device
Product can be expanded with very low cost, and mechanical energy caused by wave is also very huge.According to our design and
Model, large-scale Wave energy collection are very likely realized.
Application of 4 output device of the electrical signal of embodiment in hydrological analysis
The present invention output device of the electrical signal be also used as from drive sensor use, when use three kinds of amplitudes, frequencies
Identical, direction different mild agitation mode when triggering the device, can obtain different electric signal outputs.These three are different
Agitation mode such as Figure 10（a）、（b）、（c）It is shown.Figure 10（a）In agitation direction perpendicular to first component surface, referred to as
Mode one；Figure 10（b）In agitation be oriented parallel to first component surface, referred to as mode two；Figure 10（c）In agitation direction
With first component surface at 45 degree of angles, referred to as mode three.One corresponding voltage output of mode is by Figure 10（d）It is shown；Mode two
Corresponding voltage output is by Figure 10（e）It is shown；Three corresponding voltage output of mode is by Figure 10（f）It is shown.Although three kinds of agitation sides
The frequency of formula is consistent with amplitude, but the difference in direction can lead to the difference of ripples direction of advance, and the mode interfered with each other is not
Together, to make the mechanical energy packet in ripples reach the sequence and time difference on generator surface.This not only can make generator defeated
Frequency, the amplitude for going out signal are different, also result in the difference of waveform in a cycle.By comparing the defeated of mode one and mode two
Go out signal, it has been found that they have very similar output amplitude and frequency；By comparing mode three and first two mode, we
It was found that mode three has smaller output amplitude and higher output frequency.This means that in mode three, Water wave energy is divided into
Smaller energy packet, and the time for having phase difference so that they reach generator surface each other is different.In addition, three groups defeated
The waveform for going out signal is different from each other in detail.For their differences on frequency domain of announcement, we carry out three groups of signals
Fourier transformation.Corresponding Fourier spectrum such as Figure 10（g）、（h）、（i）It is shown.It can be seen that having between three groups of frequency spectrums significantly
Difference.Such as in Figure 10（g）In, there are one weak peak and two strong peaks successively on the right side of main peak；The left side of main peak has one successively
A weak peak and a strong peak.In Figure 10（h）In, there are three strong peaks successively on the right side of main peak；There are one strong successively in the left side of main peak
Peak and a weak peak.In Figure 10（i）In, there are three strong peaks successively on the right side of main peak；Also there are three strong peaks successively in the left side of main peak.
Although three kinds of agitated modes have same frequency and amplitude, by analyzing the amplitude of output signal, frequency and corresponding
The spectrum signature of Fourier transformation, we have successfully distinguished three kinds of different agitated modes.This present the present invention in the hydrology
The application prospect of analysis field.
Claims (23)
1. a kind of output device of the electrical signal, which is characterized in that
The first component including slab construction and with Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur,
Described in the first component include first electrode layer and fit in the first frictional layer of the first electrode layer lower surface, described second
Component includes the second electrode lay, and the portion lower surface of first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component are in no external force
Under the action of in periodically state is contacted with each other, and the surface that can be in contact area change under the effect of external force is rubbed
It wipes, while passing through the first electrode layer and the outside circuit output electric signal of the second electrode lay.
2. device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Cyclic flexion structure is wave structure.
3. device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the upper surface of the second component is by the second electrode lay
Upper surface is constituted.
4. device as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the second component also includes the second supporting layer,
The upper surface of second supporting layer fits in the lower surface of the second electrode lay completely.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that prepare the material of second supporting layer with elastically-deformable
Characteristic.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that prepare second supporting layer material be selected from polyimides or
Polyethylene terephthalate.
7. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the thickness of second supporting layer is 50 μm -200 μm.
8. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that further include the third member being placed in below the second component,
The third member includes third electrode layer and fits in the third frictional layer of third electrode layer upper surface, described second
Part includes also the 4th electrode layer, and the lower surface of second supporting layer fits in the upper surface of the 4th electrode layer, institute completely
The upper surface of the lower surface and third frictional layer of stating the 4th electrode layer can be in contact the table of area change under external force
Face rubs, and passes through the 4th electrode layer and the outside circuit output electric signal of third electrode layer.
9. device as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that further include be placed in below the second component
Three components, the third member include third electrode layer and fit in the third frictional layer of third electrode layer upper surface, institute
The lower surface for stating second component is made of the lower surface of the second electrode lay, and in the lower surface of second component and third portion
The upper surface of part is in contact during the mantle friction of area change, can pass through the second electrode lay and third electrode layer
Outside circuit output electric signal.
10. device as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that first frictional layer is and described relative to the second electrode lay
Third frictional layer is relative to the second electrode lay, friction electrical property trend having the same.
11. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the spacing between the first component and third member is
The thickness of the second component.
12. device as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that make the first component and third portion by fixing piece connection
Position between part is relatively fixed.
13. device as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the fixing piece is insulating tape, and described first
It is bonded between component and the edge of third member.
14. device as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that first frictional layer and/or third frictional layer
For insulating materials.
15. device as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that first frictional layer and/or third frictional layer are selected from and gather
Tetrafluoroethene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl
Cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyadipate second two
Alcohol ester, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, benzene second
Alkene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and its fabric, silkworm
Silk and its fabric, paper, staple fibre, cotton and its fabric, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, poly- isobutyl
Alkene, polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, phenolic resin,
Neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly- (vinylidene chloride-co- acrylonitrile), polyethylene the third two
Phenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, makrolon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, poly- third
Alkene nitrile, poly bis phenol carbonate, polyether, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, gathers acetate
Vinyl chloride and Parylene, including Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4.
16. device as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that first frictional layer lower surface partially or fully, and/
Or, third frictional layer upper surface is partially or fully equipped with micro-nano structure.
17. device as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that the micro-nano structure is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanometer
Pipe, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles, micron trenches, with
And the array being made of above structure.
18. device as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that further include the first supporting layer and/or third supporting layer, it is described
First supporting layer is fixed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and the third supporting layer is fixed under the third electrode layer
Surface.
19. device as claimed in claim 18, which is characterized in that between the first electrode layer and the first supporting layer, and/
Or, being additionally provided with auxiliary layer between the third electrode layer and third supporting layer.
20. device as claimed in claim 19, which is characterized in that the auxiliary layer is dimethyl silicone polymer.
21. device as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that further include encapsulating structure, the encapsulating structure is set
In the outermost of entire output device of the electrical signal, for sealing.
22. a kind of collection method of liquid kinetic energy, it is characterised in that include the following steps：Described in claim any one of 1-21
Output device of the electrical signal sealing after be fixed on liquid flowing pass through place, make liquid with the first component surface hang down
Straight direction can generate impact to the output device of the electrical signal, and collect electric energy by the electrical signal.
23. a kind of hydrological analysis method, it is characterised in that including filling claim 1-21 any one of them electric signal outputs
Set sealing after be fixed on liquid flowing pass through place, and to the electrical signal output electric signal be acquired and
Analysis.
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| CN105958858B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-02-02 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of double-layer wave shape hybridized nanometer generator |
| KR102581469B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2023-09-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Energy harvester using triboelectricity and apparatus including the same |
| CN106612080A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-03 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Fully flexible friction nanogenerator, generator set, energy shoe and motion sensor |
| CN108599612B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-01-21 | 东华大学 | Contact separation-sliding friction dual-mode friction nano generator |
| CN110242276A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of underground bubble void fraction measurement sensor based on friction nanometer generating |
| CN111493501A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-07 | 江苏大学 | Energy collecting backpack based on composite friction nano generator structure |
| CN111932978B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-12-14 | 武汉交通职业学院 | Hanging type test platform |
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