CN104980059A - Electric signal output device containing periodic bending structure - Google Patents
Electric signal output device containing periodic bending structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
According to the present invention, a friction power generation device possessing a periodic bending structure realizes the effective collection of the broadband mechanical energy. The electric signal output device concretely comprises a first part of a flat plate structure and a second part which possesses the periodic bending structure and can generate the elastic deformation, wherein the first part comprises a first electrode layer and a first friction layer attached to the lower surface of the first electrode layer, and the second part comprises a second electrode layer. A part of lower surface of the first friction layer and a part of the upper surface of the second part are in a periodic and mutual contact state without the action of external forces, and can generate the surface friction of which the contact area changes under the action of the external forces, at the same time, an electric signal is outputted to an external circuit by the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The important application of the electric signal output device of the present invention is to collect the great wave energy in the rivers, lakes and seas and analyze the hydrology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of output device of the electrical signal based on triboelectricity, especially a kind of output device of the electrical signal comprising Cyclic flexion structure, and this device can be collected and application in hydrological analysis at liquid machine.
Background technology
Although triboelectrification phenomenon is known for a long time, utilize this effect successfully to carry out generating electricity, successfully researched and developed inchoate friction nanometer power generator in 2012.This generator has the many advantages such as volume is little, lightweight, cost is low, be easy to preparation, energy conversion efficiency is high, output power density is high, has very wide application prospect.
Contain huge energy in seawater, embody mainly through tidal energy and sea wave energy.But up to the present, these energy are almost complete absence of being utilized.Reason is that the frequency of tidal energy and sea wave energy is very low, and electromagnetic generator conventional at present cannot effectively can be collected such Low-Frequency Mechanical.Meanwhile, seawater is not owing to having the restriction in river course, and Energy distribution compares dispersion, and need to lay generator on a large scale, cost is quite high.And the corrosion of seawater causes serious threat for the Electromagnetic generation system that structure is accurate.Therefore, in order to effectively collect the energy of seawater, need a kind of brand-new technology of exploitation badly to replace the scheme using electromagnetic generator at present.
Summary of the invention
For solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is the advantage utilizing friction nanometer power generator, design and prepare that one can be applicable on a large scale, low frequency energy, the application process of the particularly output device of the electrical signal of seawater collection of energy, and this device.For this reason, first the present invention provides a kind of output device of the electrical signal, comprise the first component of slab construction and there is Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur, wherein said first component comprises the first electrode layer and fits in the first frictional layer of described first electrode layer lower surface, described second component comprises the second electrode lay, the described portion lower surface of the first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component contact with each other state in periodicity under the effect not having external force, and the mantle friction of area change can be come in contact under the effect of external force, export the signal of telecommunication by described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay to external circuit simultaneously,
Preferably, described Cyclic flexion structure is wave structure;
Preferably, the upper surface of described second component is made up of the upper surface of described the second electrode lay;
Preferably, described second component also comprises the second supporting layer, and the upper surface of described second supporting layer fits in the lower surface of described the second electrode lay completely;
Preferably, the material preparing described second supporting layer has elastically-deformable characteristic;
Preferably, the material preparing described second supporting layer is selected from polyimides or PETG:
Preferably, the thickness of described second supporting layer is 50 μm-200 μm;
Preferably, also comprise the 3rd parts be placed in below described second component, described 3rd parts comprise third electrode layer and fit in the 3rd frictional layer of described third electrode layer upper surface, described second component also comprises the 4th electrode layer, the lower surface of described second supporting layer fits in the upper surface of described 4th electrode layer completely, the lower surface of described 4th electrode layer and the upper surface of the 3rd frictional layer can come in contact the mantle friction of area change under external force, and export the signal of telecommunication by described 4th electrode layer and third electrode layer to external circuit;
Preferably, also comprise the 3rd parts be placed in below described second component, described 3rd parts comprise third electrode layer and fit in the 3rd frictional layer of described third electrode layer upper surface, the lower surface of described second component is made up of the lower surface of described the second electrode lay, and come in contact in the mantle friction process of area change at the lower surface of second component and the upper surface of the 3rd parts, the signal of telecommunication can be exported by described the second electrode lay and third electrode layer to external circuit;
Preferably, described first frictional layer, relative to the second electrode lay, with described 3rd frictional layer relative to described the second electrode lay, has identical friction electrode sequence trend;
Preferably, the spacing between described first component and the 3rd parts is the thickness of described second component;
Preferably, make the position between described first component with the 3rd parts relative fixing by fixture connection;
Preferably, described fixture is insulating tape, and bonds between described first component and the edge of the 3rd parts;
Preferably, described first frictional layer and/or the 3rd frictional layer are insulating material;
Preferably, described first frictional layer and/or the 3rd frictional layer are selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, staple fibre, cotton and fabric thereof, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, acetate, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4,
Preferably, the local of described first frictional layer lower surface or the local of whole and/or described 3rd frictional layer upper surface or be all provided with micro-nano structure;
Preferably, described micro-nano structure is selected from from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, and micron is bored, micron particles, micron trenches, and the array be made up of said structure;
Preferably, also comprise the first supporting layer and/or the 3rd supporting layer, described first supporting layer is fixed on the upper surface of described first electrode layer, and described 3rd supporting layer is fixed on the lower surface of described third electrode layer;
Preferably, between described first electrode layer and the first supporting layer, and/or, be also provided with auxiliary layer between described third electrode layer and the 3rd supporting layer;
Preferably, described auxiliary layer is dimethyl silicone polymer;
Preferably, also comprise encapsulating structure, described encapsulating structure is placed in the outermost of whole output device of the electrical signal, for sealing.
The present invention also provides a kind of collection method of liquid kinetic energy, comprises the place by being fixed on liquid flow process after aforementioned output device of the electrical signal sealing, and collects electric energy by electrical signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of hydrological analysis method, comprises the place by being fixed on liquid flow process after aforementioned output device of the electrical signal sealing, and gathers the signal of telecommunication that electrical signal exports and analyze.
The advantage of output device of the electrical signal provided by the present invention is: first, employ the structure that dull and stereotyped and Cyclic flexion structure combines, and can elastic deformation be there is in the second component with Cyclic flexion structure, its effect is similar to spring, make device elastic deformation can occur after being impacted, and impact cancel after can return to shape originally, will be the sliding friction being parallel to device plane that can efficiently electrify perpendicular to the power of device plane and converts displacement thus.The second, the mechanical property of Cyclic flexion structure determines that its spring constant has non-linear component, and this makes this output device of the electrical signal can the very wide mechanical energy of collection frequency scope.3rd, it is little that this output device of the electrical signal has weight, the feature that flexibility is strong, makes it can collect extensive and small-scale mechanical energy simultaneously.4th, after being sealed by device, it effectively can collect the energy of ripples.5th, this output device of the electrical signal can distinguish different ripples trigger modes, presents its application prospect in hydrological analysis field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.Reference numeral identical in whole accompanying drawing indicates identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing according to actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on demonstrating purport of the present invention.In addition, although herein can providing package containing the demonstration of the parameter of particular value, parameter without the need to definitely equaling corresponding value, but can be similar to corresponding value in acceptable error margin or design constraint.In addition, the direction term mentioned in following examples, such as " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc., be only the direction with reference to accompanying drawing.Therefore, the direction term of use is used to illustrate and is not used for limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the another kind of typical structure schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the preparation process schematic diagram of output device of the electrical signal shown in embodiment 1;
Fig. 7 is that the signal of telecommunication of output device of the electrical signal shown in embodiment 1 exports spectrogram, wherein (a) is the voltage output spectrogram under different output frequency, b () is the electric current output spectrogram under different output frequency, c relation that () is average peak voltage and output frequency, the relation that (d) is average peak current and output frequency;
Fig. 8 is average peak voltage and current (a) and peak power (b) that export under different loads;
Fig. 9 is that the voltage (a) measured by embodiment 3 outputs signal with electric current (b), and stops stirring rear voltage (c) and electric current (d) spectrogram over time;
Figure 10 is that the difference described in embodiment 4 stirs mode, and the signal of telecommunication spectrogram obtained under different agitating mode, (a) mode one, stir direction perpendicular to first component surface, (b) mode two, stir direction and be parallel to first component surface, (c) mode three, stir direction and first component surface angle at 45 °; D the voltage of () mode one exports, the voltage of (e) mode two exports, and the voltage of (f) mode three exports; G Fourier transform that () mode one voltage exports, the Fourier transform that (h) mode two voltage exports, the Fourier transform of (i) mode three voltage output.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, for ease of illustrating, described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, comprise the first component of slab construction and there is Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur, wherein said first component comprises the first electrode layer 10 and fits in the first frictional layer 11 of described first electrode layer 10 lower surface, second component comprises the second electrode lay 20, the described portion lower surface of the first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component contact with each other state in periodicity under the effect not having external force, and the mantle friction of area change can be come in contact under the effect of external force, export the signal of telecommunication by described first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20 to external circuit simultaneously.Typical structure below with reference to Fig. 1 describes principle of the present invention, the selection principle of each parts and material ranges, but these contents be not only confined to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 obviously, but may be used for all technical schemes disclosed in this invention.
The operation principle of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention is see Fig. 2.Fig. 2 (a) is output device of the electrical signal profile in the state of the equilibrium.After being subject to external impacts, the second component with Cyclic flexion structure is compressed in the vertical direction, extends, as shown in Fig. 2 (b) in parallel direction; After impulsive force disappears, owing to having the characteristic of elastic bending deformation, second component rebounds in the vertical direction, shrinks, as shown in Figure 2 (c) in parallel direction.The operation principle of output device of the electrical signal comprises two parts: the transfer of electric charge be separated.The transfer of electric charge is completed by the surface contact between second component and first component and friction, wherein side's betatopic, and the opposing party obtains electronics.The separation of electric charge is that the electric capacitance change of the electric capacity by forming between the electrode layer on two parts completes.The equivalent electric circuit of this device is as shown in Fig. 2 right half part.After coming in contact friction with the second electrode 20, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11 is with a certain amount of electrostatic charge (this sentences with negative electrical charge is example), and these negative electrical charges all can generate positive charge on the first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20.Under the effect of impulsive force, the pitch smaller between two electrode layers, and the projected area of the second electrode lay 20 on the first electrode layer 10 becomes large, as shown in fig. 2-b.Therefore, the positive charge that the second electrode lay 20 generates becomes many, and the positive charge that the first electrode layer 10 generates tails off, and which results in the flowing of electronics at external circuit.When impulsive force hour, contrary, the distance between two electrode layers becomes large, and the projected area of the second electrode lay 20 on the first electrode layer 10 diminishes, as shown in Fig. 2-C.Therefore positive charge the second electrode lay 20 generated tails off, and the positive charge that the first electrode layer 10 generates becomes many, which results in electronics in the reciprocal flowing of external circuit.It is more than the basic functional principle of output device of the electrical signal in the present invention.Inventor also utilizes the way of finite element analysis, simulates the electrostatic field distribution situation in Fig. 2 A-C tri-kinds of situations.Simulate the result obtained consistent with our above analysis, namely the change of electric capacity result in the change of Electric Field Distribution, and further causes the flowing of electronics at external circuit.
The material friction electrical property related in the present invention refers to that a kind of material, with other materials, the receiving and losing electrons ability that shows in the process rubbing or contact is occurring, namely positively charged when two kinds of different materials contact or rub, one electronegative, what this bi-material was described obtains electronic capability difference, that is the triboelectricity matter of the two is different.Such as, time polymer nylon contacts with aluminium foil, its surface band positive electricity, namely betatopic ability is comparatively strong, and time polymer poly tetrafluoroethene contacts with aluminium foil, its surface band negative electricity, obtains electronic capability stronger.
First frictional layer 11 provides a friction surface for output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, and its Material selec-tion mainly considers the triboelectricity matter of another rubbing contact-material being mated use.In the present embodiment, with the first frictional layer 11 with the use of rubbing surface be the second electrode lay 20 conducted electricity, therefore the lower surface material of this first frictional layer 11 should be selected from the insulating material and semi-conducting material that there are larger triboelectricity matter difference with conductor, makes the two in the process that friction occurs, easily produce surface contact electric charge.Wherein, insulator can be selected from some conventional organic polymer material and natural materials, comprising: polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, staple fibre, cotton and fabric thereof, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, acetate, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4.
Conventional semiconductor comprises silicon, germanium; IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; IIth and the VIth compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution to be made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have triboelectric characteristics, surface charge can be formed at friction process, therefore the first frictional layer 11 of the present invention can be also used as, the such as oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2 and Y2O3.Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list some concrete materials herein for people's reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of scope; because under the enlightenment of invention, those skilled in the art is easy to the material selecting other similar according to the triboelectric characteristics that these materials have.
Found through experiments, when the triboelectricity matter difference between the surfacing that first component and second component contact with each other is larger, the signal of telecommunication that generator exports is stronger.So, according to actual needs, suitable material can be selected prepare the contact surface of the first frictional layer 11 and second component, to obtain better output effect.There is the preferred polystyrene of material of negative polarity triboelectricity matter, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4, there is the preferred aniline-formaldehyde resin of material of positive polarity triboelectricity matter, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyester.
In order to increase the contact area between the first frictional layer 11 and second component upper surface further, thus increase the contact quantity of electric charge, can also at the local of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11 or the micro structure array being all provided with micron or secondary micron dimension.Concrete method to set up comprises photoengraving, chemical etching and plasma etching etc.Described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, and micron is bored, micron particles, micron trenches, and the array be made up of said structure.In addition, in order to achieve the above object, can also intersperse or coated with nano material at the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11.This nano material can be selected from nano particle, nanotube, nano wire and nanometer rods.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, also to the capable chemical modification of the first frictional layer 11 lower surface, can improve the transfer amount of electric charge at Contact further, thus improve the power output of contact charge density and generator.Chemical modification is divided into again the following two kinds type: a kind of method is to the first frictional layer 11, at the material surface easier betatopic functional group of introducing (i.e. strong electron donating group) that polarity is positive, or be the functional group (strong electron-withdrawing group group) that negative material surface introduces the electronics that is more easy to get in polarity, the transfer amount of electric charge in friction process can both be improved further, thus improve the power output of triboelectric charge density and generator.Strong electron donating group comprises: amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.; Strong electron-withdrawing group group comprises: acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc.The introducing of functional group can the conventional method such as using plasma surface modification.The gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen such as can be made under certain power to produce plasma, thus introduce at material surface amino.Another method is that positive charge is introduced on positive baseplate material surface in polarity, and be that negative material surface introduces negative electrical charge in polarity.Specifically can be realized by the mode of chemical bonding.Such as, the method for sol-gel can be utilized to modify tetraethoxysilane at dimethyl silicone polymer substrate surface, and make it electronegative.Also the bond of gold-sulphur can be utilized on metallic gold thin layer to modify the golden nanometer particle of upper surface containing softex kw, because softex kw is cation, therefore whole substrate can be made to become positively charged.Those skilled in the art can according to the kind of the receiving and losing electrons character of baseplate material and surface chemistry key, and select suitable decorative material bonded thereto, to reach object of the present invention, therefore such distortion is all within protection scope of the present invention.
First frictional layer 11 is generally thin layer or the film of individual layer, thickness between 100nm-1mm, preferred 500nm-800 μm, more preferably 10 μm-500 μm.Commercially available film can be used, also can by method preparations such as spin coatings.
First electrode layer 10 is made up of electric conducting material, described electric conducting material can be selected from the semiconductor of metal, indium tin oxide, organic substance conductor or doping, first electrode layer 10 can be flat board, thin slice or film, wherein the range of choices of film thickness is 10nm-5mm, be preferably 50nm-1mm, be preferably 100nm-500 μm, more preferably 100nm-1 μm.The material that this area is commonly used is: metal, comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; By one or more alloys formed be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and selenium; Conductive oxide, such as tin indium oxide ITO; Organic substance conductor is generally conducting polymer, comprises from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.First electrode layer 10 is by directly laminating or the usual manner such as sputtering, deposition are fixed on the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11, to form close contact.First electrode layer 10 is approximate or equal with the shape and size of the first frictional layer 11, to ensure that all triboelectric charges that the first frictional layer 11 surface produces can produce induced charge on the first electrode layer 10, thus reaches the object be used effectively.
The present invention does not limit the first electrode layer 10 and the first frictional layer 11 must be hard material, can select flexible material yet, because the hardness of material does not have a significant effect to the perception of touch action and the output effect of the signal of telecommunication.As needed rubbing surface to maintain plane, can also by arranging the first supporting layer to realize at the upper surface of the first electrode layer 10, the hardness of this first supporting layer cans be compared to second component most and wants large.In order to make the combination of the first supporting layer and the first electrode layer more tight, can an auxiliary layer be set between the first supporting layer and the first electrode layer, such as dimethyl silicone polymer, is first solidificated in the surface of the first supporting layer by this auxiliary layer, and then the first electrode layer and this auxiliary layer is fitted.Therefore, those skilled in the art can select the material hardness of the first electrode layer 10 and the first frictional layer 11 according to actual conditions.
The Cyclic flexion structure that described second component has is key of the present invention.This Cyclic flexion structure both can be rectangular wave, also can be wave structure.The length in its amplitude and cycle has certain influence for the output performance of output device of the electrical signal, and generally speaking, amplitude larger signal of telecommunication output performance is larger, and Cycle Length less signal of telecommunication output performance is larger.But when practical application, also to consider in conjunction with problem such as preparation difficulty and cost etc. simultaneously.The periodicity bearing of trend of second component is consistent with the plane bearing of trend of the first frictional layer lower surface, thus makes the portion lower surface of the portion of upper surface of second component and the first frictional layer 11 present periodic contact.When output device of the electrical signal is subject to the vertical External Force Acting in direction and first component surface, second component can be compressed accordingly, thus is in the confined state (see Fig. 2-b) that amplitude reduces, entire length increases.After external force is cancelled, due to the elastic deformation characteristics of second component, it can be made to tend to restore to the original state, but due to inertia, the release state (see Fig. 2-c) that amplitude increases, entire length reduces may be experienced in restorable process.And finally revert to initial equilibrium state (see Fig. 2-a) through the vibration between release state and squeezed state.In order to improve the utilance of material, second component is in the entire length during confined state of amplitude reduction, should be less than or equal to first component, particularly the length of the first frictional layer 11.Cyclic flexion structure due to second component defines a non-optimal spring, therefore has nonlinear response effect for extraneous stress, can realize the collection of energy of wideband.
The Material selec-tion of the second electrode lay 20 is identical with the material selection range of the first electrode layer 10, and the material of these two electrode layers can be identical, also can be different.Because the second electrode lay 20 needs to have elastically-deformable characteristic, and can form Cyclic flexion structure, therefore, its thickness, preferably no more than 1 μm, is preferably 100nm-1 μm.If the elasticity of the material of the second electrode lay 20 own can not be satisfied the demand, then can arrange second supporting layer 22 in the lower surface laminating of the second electrode lay 20, concrete structure can see Fig. 3.Wherein the second supporting layer 22 has the Cyclic flexion structure identical with the second electrode lay 20, and the upper surface of the second supporting layer 22 fits in the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20 completely.Easy machine-shaping can be selected and have elastic deformation characteristics material preparation, such as thermoplastic, is specially polyimides or ethylene glycol terephthalate.Independently can prepare between the second electrode lay 20 and the second supporting layer 22 and be fixed together by the mode of bonding, or also first can prepare the second supporting layer 22, and after it forms required Cyclic flexion structure, the second electrode lay 20 is directly prepared on surface thereon again, and such as, mode by sputtering or depositing forms thin layer of conductive material.The thickness of the second supporting layer 22 is 10 μm of-1mm, preferably 50 μm-200 μm.
Fig. 4 is the another kind of typical structure of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, comprise the first component of slab construction, there is Cyclic flexion structure and the 3rd parts of elastically-deformable second component and slab construction can occur, wherein said first component comprises the first electrode layer 10 and fits in the first frictional layer 11 of described first electrode layer 10 lower surface, second component comprises the second electrode lay 20, 3rd parts comprise third electrode layer 30 and fit in the 3rd frictional layer 31 of described third electrode layer 30 upper surface, the portion lower surface of described first frictional layer 11 and the portion of upper surface of the second electrode lay 20 contact with each other state in periodicity under the effect not having external force, and under the effect of external force, between the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 11 and the upper surface of the second electrode lay 20 and the 3rd frictional layer 31 and the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20, the mantle friction of area change can be come in contact, simultaneously by described first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20, and third electrode layer 30 and the second electrode lay 20 export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit.
In this execution mode, first component is all identical with each parts in earlier figures 1 illustrated embodiment with structure with the selection of component each in second component, does not repeat them here.The 3rd frictional layer 31 selection in 3rd parts is identical with the first frictional layer 11 selection range, and the material of the 3rd frictional layer 31 can be identical with the material of the first frictional layer 11, also can be different, if the two material is different, the triboelectricity matter trend of the first frictional layer 11 relative to the second electrode lay 20 should be ensured, identical relative to the triboelectricity matter trend of the second electrode lay 20 with the 3rd frictional layer 31, that is when the first frictional layer 11 has comparatively negative triboelectricity matter relative to the second electrode lay 20, 3rd frictional layer 31 also has comparatively negative triboelectricity matter relative to the second electrode lay 20, vice versa.So just can guarantee that, in the process rubbed with the first frictional layer 11 and the 3rd frictional layer 31, the surface charge that the second electrode lay 20 produces is electrically identical, can not cancel out each other.
The shape and size of the 3rd parts are preferably identical with first component or approximate.When not having External Force Acting, the 3rd frictional layer 31 can be periodic localized contact with the second electrode lay 20, and the structural relation namely and between the first frictional layer 11 and the second electrode lay 20 is similar.Now, the spacing between first component and the 3rd parts is the thickness of second component.Can be fixed by the relative position of fixed connecting piece by first component and the 3rd parts, thus formed second component at middle, first component and the 3rd parts at two ends, relatively-stationary sandwich structure.This fixed connecting piece can be the various assemblies of this area routine, preferably uses insulating tape, and bonds between first component and the edge of the 3rd parts.This fixed connecting piece plays the effect of damper simultaneously, can strengthen the nonlinear effect of whole output device of the electrical signal.
The same with the first component in earlier embodiments, also can comprise the 3rd supporting layer and/or auxiliary layer in the 3rd parts, be used for as whole parts provide rigidity.
In the typical structure of another kind, when there is no External Force Acting, 3rd parts and first component and second component are the state of relative separation, after having External Force Acting, the surface contact of the 3rd parts and second component, and oppress the mantle friction forming contact area change between second component and first component.3rd parts and first component and second component split and install by this structure, stronger to the adaptability of environment.
Fig. 5 is the another kind of typical structure of output device of the electrical signal of the present invention, output device of the electrical signal shown in its primary structure with Fig. 4 is identical, difference is only in second component, also comprise the second supporting layer 22 and the 4th electrode layer 40, wherein the upper surface of the second supporting layer 22 and the lower surface of the second electrode lay 20 are fitted, the lower surface of the second supporting layer 22 and the upper surface of the 4th electrode layer 40 are fitted, thus the supporting role realized the second electrode lay 20 and the 4th electrode layer 40, the lower surface of described 4th electrode layer 40 and the upper surface of the 3rd frictional layer 31 can come in contact the mantle friction of area change under external force, and export the signal of telecommunication by described 4th electrode layer 40 and third electrode layer 30 to external circuit.This second supporting layer 22 is consistent with the second supporting layer 22 in output device of the electrical signal shown in Fig. 3, for having flexible insulating material.4th electrode layer 40 is consistent with the selection range of the second electrode lay 20, and the two can be identical, also can be different.Owing to being isolated by the second supporting layer 22 insulated therebetween, therefore, the two and the friction electrode sequence difference trend between the first frictional layer 11 and the 3rd frictional layer 31 are not limited.With the similar shown in Fig. 3, preferred the second electrode lay 20 and the 4th electrode layer 40 directly in the second supporting layer 22 surface preparation, can select the method for this area routine, such as sputtering or deposition.
Above-said current signal output device of the present invention can also be used for the collection of sea wave energy, needs to arrange an encapsulating structure in the outermost of output device of the electrical signal for this reason, for being sealed by whole output device of the electrical signal, can apply in liquid environment.Described encapsulating structure can use the encapsulant of this area routine, such as rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimides.
Above-said current signal output device of the present invention may be used for the collection of liquid kinetic energy, after any one output device of the electrical signal above can seal by concrete grammar, be fixed on the place of liquid flow process, such as be used for the container wall of contain fluid, there is the dam of current process, the seabeach on bank etc., liquid is produced described output device of the electrical signal in the direction vertical with first component surface impact, like this when liquid stream is through described output device of the electrical signal, described output device of the electrical signal will carry out work under the impact of fluid, thus electric energy can be collected by electrical signal.
Inventor found through experiments, and above-said current signal output device of the present invention can export the different signals of telecommunication under different liquid flow environments, and therefore this output device of the electrical signal can also be used as hydrological analysis.Specifically can will be fixed on the place of liquid flow process after aforementioned any one output device of the electrical signal sealing, and the signal of telecommunication that electrical signal exports is gathered and analyzed.When liquid flow direction is vertical with the first component surface of output device of the electrical signal, its flowing is maximum to the impulsive force of described output device of the electrical signal, the signal of telecommunication exported is the strongest, when liquid flow direction is parallel with the first component surface of output device of the electrical signal, its flowing is minimum to the impulsive force of described output device of the electrical signal, and the signal of telecommunication of output is also the most weak.In liquid flow process, the condition such as whirlpool, bubble all can affect it to the impact direction of output device of the electrical signal and dynamics simultaneously, thus causes the electrical signal intensity of output different with frequency.The flow regime of liquid just can be reduced by gathering these signals and analyze.
The preparation of embodiment 1 output device of the electrical signal
Raw material comprise 125 μm of thick polyimides (referred to as Kapton) films, 125 μm of thick polytetrafluoroethylene (referred to as PTFE) films, the polymethyl methacrylate (Acrylic) that 30mm is thick and copper sputtering source.First Kapton film is periodically bent.Method therefor as shown in Figure 6 (a), utilizes the diameter of metal bar and spacing to regulate the parameter that Kapton is bending, and distinguishes the two ends of fixing metal rods with two pairs of metallic plates.Overall feeding in Muffle furnace is toasted four hours at the temperature of 360 degrees Celsius subsequently.According to the tables of data that E.I.Du Pont Company provides, Kapton film is a kind of thermoplastic material, and its vitrification point is between 360 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius.Therefore baking after at room temperature Kapton film by its corrugated shape of stable maintenance.After this metallic copper of 200nm is all sputtered as electrode on Kapton film two sides, to form second component of the present invention.On the other hand, get the sizeable PTFE film of two panels, carry out the process of plasma etching after a small amount of metallic gold is sputtered to one surface, obtain nanostructure as shown in Figure 6 (b).The object of process like this is the roughness in order to increase material surface, to strengthen the effect of triboelectrification.The thick copper of 200nm is sputtered equally as electrode in the other one side of two panels PTFE.Because PTFE used is thinner, be not enough to the structure of supporting device, we have chosen two pieces of polypropylene (Acrylic) of suitable size as substrate, cover very thin one deck dimethyl silicone polymer (i.e. PDMS) thereon.After overcuring, one side PTFE being coated with copper is pasted onto on PDMS closely, forms first component of the present invention and the 3rd parts.Finally, be clipped in by waveform Kapton (one side of PTFE is inside) between first component and the 3rd parts, we obtain device as shown in Figure 6 (c).The schematic diagram amplified is as shown in Fig. 6 (d), and the nanostructure being wherein positioned at PTFE surface and waveform Kapton are sandwich periodically to be contacted.In order to the structure of immobilising device, insulating tape is used to paste on its four limits.The optical photograph of resulting devices as shown in Figure 6 (e).
In order to test the performance of output device of the electrical signal, we are fixed on an oscillator.Open circuit voltage and closed current are all measured with Keithley6514 electrometer.Measure frequency range be 5Hz to 500Hz, period the oscillation amplitude of oscillator remain unchanged.Voltage under 5Hz frequency of oscillation exports as shown in Fig. 7 (a) (a1), and its average peak voltage is at about 4.2V.Voltage under 100Hz frequency of oscillation exports as shown in Fig. 7 (a) (a2), and its average peak voltage is up to 72V.Voltage under the frequency of oscillation of 500Hz exports as shown in Fig. 7 (a) (a3), and its average peak current path is to about 7.5V.Under these three kinds of frequencies, corresponding electric current exports and is presented at Fig. 7 (b) (b1)-(b3) successively.The average peak current of the average peak current of 5Hz to be the average peak current of 3.3 μ A, 100Hz be 31 μ A, 500Hz is 5.2 μ A.The output of average peak electric current and voltage with the change of frequency respectively as shown in Fig. 7 (c) He (d).From figure, we can see, the resonance frequency of device is at about 100Hz.And the halfwidth of two of corresponding voltage, electric current curves is respectively 127Hz and 100Hz, all wider than the effective frequency range of major part existing concussion energy harvester.
Embodiment 2 output device of the electrical signal is tested the ability to bring along of load
The output device of the electrical signal using embodiment 1 to prepare, under the frequency of oscillation of 100Hz, utilizes rheostat to provide the load resistance of the different resistances from 1K Ω to 100M Ω, and the output performance of test output device of the electrical signal under these resistance.During test voltage, electrometer is in parallel with load resistance; During measuring current, electrometer is connected with load resistance.Fig. 8 (a) illustrates the result of our test.Can find out, average peak output voltage increases with the increase of load resistor value, and average peak output current increases with the reduction of load resistor value.Export the relation of peak power and resistance change as shown in Figure 8 (b) shows instantaneously, reach the highest 0.4W/m2 at 5M Ω place.In order to have more intuitive understanding for the ability of output device of the electrical signal band dynamic load, 104 green light LEDs are connected on the two ends of generator and provide the source of mechanical energy with oscillator by us, when startup oscillator after making frequency of oscillation reach 100Hz, all LED are all lit.
Except the high frequency mechanical energy of picture 100Hz, output device of the electrical signal of the present invention can also have efficient capacity gauge to Low-Frequency Mechanical.By generator as below plot blanket, 104 same LEDs of connecting.When people's carpet of passing by is stepped on moment of generator, whole LED is lit.
Embodiment 3 output device of the electrical signal is to the collection of sea wave energy
Adopt output device of the electrical signal prepared by embodiment 1, and carry out the situation of wave simulated with the fluctuation of water in bathing pool.First output device of the electrical signal to be packaged in a frivolous rubber pocket to reach the object of waterproof, is fixed in the sidewall of bathing pool afterwards.By stirring the water in bathing pool, the surface of the surge generator of the wave period produced, the mechanical energy of impact is converted to electric energy.The output voltage signal measured is by shown in Fig. 9 (a), and its average peak voltage is at about 24V.After stopping is stirred, the motion of water can not stop at once.Can see from the voltage signal shown by Fig. 9 (b), output amplitude reduces in time, even if after stirring stopping one minute, the voltage that generator still can provide about 1.2V exports.Corresponding electric current exports by shown in Fig. 9 (c), and the average peak current provided is at 6 μ about A.The electric current stirred after stopping exports as shown in Fig. 9 (d).After stirring stopping one minute, generator still can provide the output current that amplitude is 0.3 μ A.It is worth mentioning that, mechanical energy contained in the area of device and ripples in this demonstration is all very limited.In actual applications, the area coverage of device can expand with very low cost, and the mechanical energy that wave brings also is very huge.According to our design and model, large-scale Wave energy is collected and is very likely realized.
The application of embodiment 4 output device of the electrical signal in hydrological analysis
Output device of the electrical signal of the present invention can also use as self-driven transducer, when use three kinds of amplitudes, frequency are identical, when the stirring mode of the gentleness that direction is different triggers this device, can obtain the different signals of telecommunication and export.These three kinds different stirring modes are as shown in Figure 10 (a) and (b), (c).Stirring direction in Figure 10 (a), perpendicular to first component surface, is referred to as mode one; Stirring direction in Figure 10 (b) is parallel to first component surface, is referred to as mode two; Stirring direction in Figure 10 (c) becomes miter angle with first component surface, is referred to as mode three.The voltage of mode one correspondence exports by shown in Figure 10 (d); The voltage of mode two correspondence exports by shown in Figure 10 (e); The voltage of mode three correspondence exports by shown in Figure 10 (f).Although three kinds of frequencies of stirring mode are consistent with amplitude, the difference in direction can cause the difference of ripples direction of advance, and the mode interfered with each other is different, thus makes the order on the arrival of the mechanical energy bag in ripples generator surface different with the time.This not only can make the frequency of alternator output signal, amplitude different, also can cause the difference of waveform in one-period.By the output signal of manner of comparison one and mode two, we find that they have very similar output amplitude and frequency; By manner of comparison three and first two mode, our discovery mode three has less output amplitude and higher output frequency.This means in mode three, Water wave energy is divided into less energy bag, and has phase difference to make them arrive the time difference on generator surface each other.In addition, the waveform of three groups of output signals is all different from each other in detail.In order to disclose their difference on frequency domain, we have carried out Fourier transform to three groups of signals.Corresponding Fourier spectrum as Figure 10 (g), (h), (i) shown in.Can see there is significant difference between three groups of frequency spectrums.Such as in Figure 10 (g), the right side of main peak has a weak peak and two strong peaks successively; The left side of main peak has a weak peak and a strong peak successively.In Figure 10 (h), the right side of main peak has three strong peaks successively; The left side of main peak has a strong peak and a weak peak successively.Figure 10 (i) in, the right side of main peak has three strong peaks successively; The left side of main peak also has three strong peaks successively.Although three kinds of agitated mode have same frequency and amplitude, by analyzing the spectrum signature of the amplitude, frequency and the corresponding Fourier transform that output signal, we have successfully distinguished three kinds of different agitated mode.This present the application prospect of the present invention in hydrological analysis field.
Claims (23)
1. an output device of the electrical signal, is characterized in that,
Comprise the first component of slab construction and there is Cyclic flexion structure and elastically-deformable second component can occur, wherein said first component comprises the first electrode layer and fits in the first frictional layer of described first electrode layer lower surface, described second component comprises the second electrode lay, the described portion lower surface of the first frictional layer and the portion of upper surface of second component contact with each other state in periodicity under the effect not having external force, and the mantle friction of area change can be come in contact under the effect of external force, export the signal of telecommunication by described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay to external circuit simultaneously.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Cyclic flexion structure is wave structure.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of described second component is made up of the upper surface of described the second electrode lay.
4. the device as described in any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described second component also comprises the second supporting layer, and the upper surface of described second supporting layer fits in the lower surface of described the second electrode lay completely.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the material preparing described second supporting layer has elastically-deformable characteristic.
6. device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the material preparing described second supporting layer is selected from polyimides or PETG.
7. the device piece as described in any one of claim 4-6, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described second supporting layer is 50 μm-200 μm.
8. the device as described in any one of claim 4-7, it is characterized in that, also comprise the 3rd parts be placed in below described second component, described 3rd parts comprise third electrode layer and fit in the 3rd frictional layer of described third electrode layer upper surface, described second component also comprises the 4th electrode layer, the lower surface of described second supporting layer fits in the upper surface of described 4th electrode layer completely, the lower surface of described 4th electrode layer and the upper surface of the 3rd frictional layer can come in contact the mantle friction of area change under external force, and export the signal of telecommunication by described 4th electrode layer and third electrode layer to external circuit.
9. the device as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, also comprise the 3rd parts be placed in below described second component, described 3rd parts comprise third electrode layer and fit in the 3rd frictional layer of described third electrode layer upper surface, the lower surface of described second component is made up of the lower surface of described the second electrode lay, and come in contact in the mantle friction process of area change at the lower surface of second component and the upper surface of the 3rd parts, the signal of telecommunication can be exported by described the second electrode lay and third electrode layer to external circuit.
10. device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described first frictional layer, relative to the second electrode lay, with described 3rd frictional layer relative to described the second electrode lay, has identical triboelectricity matter trend.
11. devices as described in any one of claim 4-10, it is characterized in that, the spacing between described first component and the 3rd parts is the thickness of described second component.
12. devices as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, connected make the position between described first component with the 3rd parts relative fixing by fixture.
13. devices as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described fixture is insulating tape, and bonds between described first component and the edge of the 3rd parts.
14. devices as described in any one of claim 1-13, it is characterized in that, described first frictional layer and/or the 3rd frictional layer are insulating material.
15. devices as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that, described first frictional layer and/or the 3rd frictional layer are selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimides, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide, melamino-formaldehyde, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose ethanoate, polyethylene glycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene-copolymer, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, staple fibre, cotton and fabric thereof, wood, hard rubber, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane flexible sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, phenolic resins, neoprene, butadiene-propylene copolymer, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), polyethylene third diphenol carbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, acetate, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Parylene, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4.
16. devices as described in claims 14 or 15, is characterized in that, the local of described first frictional layer lower surface or all, and/or, the local of described 3rd frictional layer upper surface or be all provided with micro-nano structure.
17. devices as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, described micro-nano structure is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron is bored, micron particles, micron trenches, and the array be made up of said structure.
18. devices as described in any one of claim 1-17, it is characterized in that, also comprise the first supporting layer and/or the 3rd supporting layer, described first supporting layer is fixed on the upper surface of described first electrode layer, and described 3rd supporting layer is fixed on the lower surface of described third electrode layer.
19. devices as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, between described first electrode layer and the first supporting layer, and/or, be also provided with auxiliary layer between described third electrode layer and the 3rd supporting layer.
20. devices as claimed in claim 19, it is characterized in that, described auxiliary layer is dimethyl silicone polymer.
21. devices as described in any one of claim 1-20, it is characterized in that, also comprise encapsulating structure, described encapsulating structure is placed in the outermost of whole output device of the electrical signal, for sealing.
The collection method of 22. 1 kinds of liquid kinetic energy, it is characterized in that the place comprised the steps: being fixed on liquid flow process after the output device of the electrical signal sealing described in any one of claim 1-21, liquid is produced described output device of the electrical signal in the direction vertical with described first component surface impact, and collect electric energy by described electrical signal.
23. 1 kinds of hydrological analysis methods, is characterized in that the place comprised being fixed on liquid flow process after the output device of the electrical signal sealing described in any one of claim 1-21, and gather the signal of telecommunication that described electrical signal exports and analyze.
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