CN103780126A - Friction nanometer generator and gyroscope - Google Patents

Friction nanometer generator and gyroscope Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103780126A
CN103780126A CN201310109288.1A CN201310109288A CN103780126A CN 103780126 A CN103780126 A CN 103780126A CN 201310109288 A CN201310109288 A CN 201310109288A CN 103780126 A CN103780126 A CN 103780126A
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friction
friction element
inner core
shell
nano generator
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CN201310109288.1A
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CN103780126B (en
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王中林
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Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
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National Center for Nanosccience and Technology China
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Priority to CN201310109288.1A priority Critical patent/CN103780126B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/073305 priority patent/WO2014154092A1/en
Publication of CN103780126A publication Critical patent/CN103780126A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/56—Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses, e.g. vibratory angular rate sensors based on Coriolis forces
    • G01C19/5719—Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses, e.g. vibratory angular rate sensors based on Coriolis forces using planar vibrating masses driven in a translation vibration along an axis
    • G01C19/5733—Structural details or topology
    • G01C19/5755—Structural details or topology the devices having a single sensing mass

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

This invention provides a friction nanometer generator and a gyroscope applying the same. The friction nanometer generator comprises an inner core and a housing wrapping the inner core. A plurality of a first friction unit are positioned on the outer surface of the inner core; a plurality of second friction units are positioned on the inner surface of the housing; the upper surfaces of the first friction units face the upper surfaces of the second friction units or the inner surface of the housing; at least part of the first friction units are not in contact with the second friction units; under the action of the external force (impact force), the inner core can move in a reciprocating manner relative to the housing to enable the upper surface of at least one first friction unit to be in contact with or separated from with the upper surface of at least one second friction unit; and electric signals are produced between first conductive units and second conductive units. The friction nanometer generator can convert the mechanical energy produced by vibration, impact forces, wind forces and tide to the electric energy and can also be used as the self-driving gyroscope for the two-dimension space or the three-dimension space.

Description

Friction nano generator and gyroscope
Technical field
The present invention relates to Conversion of Energy field, particularly a kind of friction nano generator that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and the gyroscope of application friction nano generator.
Background technology
In today of microelectronics and material technology high speed development, a large amount of novel microelectronic devices with several functions and Highgrade integration are constantly developed, and show unprecedented application prospect in the every field of people's daily life.But, and the research of these microelectronic devices power-supply system of mating but relatively lags behind, in general, the power supply of these microelectronic devices is all directly or indirectly to come from battery.Not only volume is large, quality is heavier for battery, and the poisonous chemical confrontation environment containing and human body exist potential harm.Therefore, developing the technology that the mechanical energy that motion, vibration etc. can be existed is naturally converted into electric energy is extremely important.
But, above-mentioned mechanical energy can be converted into effectively at present to the generator of electric energy all take electromagnetic induction as basis, driven by the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other dynamic power machine, by current, air-flow, the Conversion of Energy that fuel combustion or nuclear fission produce is that mechanical energy is passed to generator, then is converted to electric energy by generator and is used.These generators all need relatively to concentrate, the energy input of intensity greatly, and for the less kinetic energy of intensity producing in people's daily routines and nature exists, substantially all it effectively cannot be converted into electric energy.Meanwhile, the volume of conventional electric generators is large, complex structure, and the power supply component that cannot serve as microelectronic device uses.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems referred to above of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of friction nano generator, can be used for reclaiming the mechanical energy that vibrations, impact, wind-force or tide etc. produce, the mechanical energy being applied on friction nano generator can be converted into electric energy.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of friction nano generator, comprise inner core and the shell around described inner core, be provided with several the first conductive units on the outer surface of described inner core, each described the first conductive unit upper surface contact arranges the first friction element; On the inner surface of described shell, be provided with several the second conductive units, each described the second conductive unit upper surface contact arranges the second friction element; The upper surface of described the first friction element is towards the upper surface of described the second friction element or the inner surface of described shell; At least part of the first friction element does not contact with described the second friction element; The outer surface of described inner core and the inner surface of described shell are insulating surface; Under external force, described inner core can reciprocating motion with respect to described shell, make described at least one after the upper surface of the first friction element and the upper surface of at least one the second friction element are in contact with one another, separate along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line, between described the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, produce the signal of telecommunication.
Preferably, described inner core is solid or hollow cylinder, and described the first friction element is arranged on the lateral surface of described inner core.
Preferably, the figure forming in the cross section of the axis direction of the lateral surface of vertical and described inner core is selected from circle, ellipse or polygon.
Preferably, described polygon is selected from equilateral triangle, square, regular hexagon, regular pentagon and octagon.
Preferably, described shell is the tubular around described inner core, and the bearing of trend of described inner core and described shell is basic identical.
Preferably, the medial surface of described tubular is the sealing cylinder identical with the lateral surface shape of described inner core.
Preferably, the inner surface of described shell is non-closed cylinder.
Preferably, multiple described the first friction elements and the corresponding setting of multiple described the second friction element, while making inner core with shell relative motion, first friction element only contacts with second friction element.
Preferably, described in several, the first friction element is arranged with the axis direction of described inner core along vertical; All described the second friction elements are arranged with the axis direction of described inner core lateral surface along vertical.
Preferably, described inner core is connected by several elastomeric elements with shell; The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.
Preferably, described inner core adopts axisymmetric cylinder, cylindroid or prism, described shell adopts axisymmetric cylindrical shell, Cylindrical Shells of Oval Cross-Section or prismatic shell, and while not applying described external force, described in several, elastomeric element does not contact any described the first friction element with described the second friction element.
Preferably, described in several, the first friction element is evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.
Preferably, the lateral surface of described inner core is the face of cylinder, and on the described face of cylinder, contact is provided with described the first friction element to determined number;
The inner surface of described shell is the face of cylinder, and diameter is greater than the diameter of described inner core lateral surface, and the number of described the second friction element equates with described the first friction element number;
While being subject to described External Force Acting, described first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with described second friction element.
Preferably, the lateral surface of described inner core is prismatic surface, is provided with described the first friction element on each side of described prismatic surface;
The inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, and cross-sectional area is greater than described inner core cross-sectional area, on the inner surface of described shell, with described the first friction element correspondence position, described the second friction element is set;
While being subject to described External Force Acting, described first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with described second friction element.
Preferably, on described shell, also comprise enclosing cover, described inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, the second conductive unit and the second friction element are all sealed by described shell and enclosing cover.
Preferably, described inner core is hollow or solid spheroid, irregular spheroid, spheroid, polyhedron or cylinder.
Preferably, described shell is enclosed construction, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid, many faceted pebbles or the cylinder of sealing.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and multiple described the first friction elements are evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.
Preferably, multiple described the first friction elements are uniformly distributed in the girth largest circumference of described interior core outer surface or on oval week.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core comprises multiple planes, and the structure that described multiple planes form is quadrangular or eight prisms, is provided with the first friction element in each described plane.
Preferably, the inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with the outer surface of described inner core; Described the first friction element and the corresponding setting of the second friction element.
Preferably, described inner core is connected by several elastomeric elements with shell; The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid;
While not applying described external force, the center of the outer surface of described inner core overlaps with the center of the inner surface of described shell.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is cylinder; While not applying described external force, described inner core is positioned at the middle part of described shell substantially.
Preferably, described the first friction element and the corresponding setting of described the second friction element, the upper surface area of described the first friction element is less than or equal to the upper surface area of described the second friction element, under described External Force Acting, make the upper surface of the first friction element described at least one completely be in contact with one another and/or rub with the upper surface of described second friction element.
Preferably, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and described the second friction element is complementary graph.
Preferably, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element is distributed with micron or the micro-structural of inferior micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.
Preferably, described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.
Preferably, between the material of the upper surface of the material of the upper surface of described the first friction element and described the second friction element, there is friction electrode order difference.
Preferably, described the first friction element is insulating material or semi-conducting material towards surfacing and/or described second friction element of described housing towards the surfacing of described core.
Preferably, described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and braid thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (terylene), polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene,
Solid solution, amorphous glass semiconductor and organic semiconductor that described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and V compounds of group, II and VI compounds of group, is made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group.
Preferably, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element, through chemical modification, makes to introduce and easily obtain the functional group of electronics and/or introduce in the top surface of described the second friction element the functional group that easily loses electronics in the top surface of described the first friction element.
Preferably, the described functional group that easily loses electronics comprises amino, hydroxyl or alkoxyl; The described functional group that easily obtains electronics comprises acyl group, carboxyl, nitro or sulfonic group.
Preferably, the lower surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element, through chemical modification, makes to introduce negative electrical charge and/or introduce positive charge in the top surface of described the second friction element in the top surface of described the first friction element.
Preferably, prepare described the first friction element or the second friction element with electric conducting material replacement insulating material or semi-conducting material.
Preferably, the described electric conducting material that forms described the first friction element or the second friction element is selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.
Preferably, described the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.
Preferably, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.
Preferably, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are film or thin slice.
Preferably, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are flexible material.
Preferably, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are hard material.
Preferably, described the first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit are film or thin slice.
Preferably, described inner core and/or shell are flexible.
Preferably, described inner core and/or shell are hard.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of gyroscope, comprises described friction nano generator and induction tape deck, wherein,
The first friction element of described friction nano generator and the corresponding setting of the second friction element;
Described induction tape deck is multipath signal of telecommunication tape deck, and in friction nano generator, corresponding the first conductive unit arranging and the second conductive unit are connected to respectively two inputs of a path of induction tape deck; When the first friction element of correspondence setting and the second friction element contact with each other when separating and produce electric charge and shift, the sensed recording device records of the signal of telecommunication producing between the first conductive unit contacting with the first friction element and the second friction element respectively and the second conductive unit.
Preferably, the outer surface of described friction nano generator inner core has spherical symmetric structure.
Preferably, the inner surface of described friction nano generator shell has spherical symmetric structure.
Preferably, while not being subject to described External Force Acting, the center of described interior core outer surface overlaps substantially with the center of described inner surface of outer cover.
Compared with prior art, friction nano generator of the present invention has following advantages:
1, can realize the efficient utilization of energy.In friction nano generator of the present invention, the outer surface of inner core arranges several the first friction elements, several the second friction elements are set on the inner surface of outer cover around inner core, in the time being subject to external force (impulsive force that vibrations, impact, wind-force or tide etc. produce), inner core, with respect to reciprocal movement, makes the first friction element contact with each other and separate with the second friction element and produce the signal of telecommunication between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit.Such friction nano generator structure, not only can change the mechanical energy of the external force of fixed-direction into electric energy, and can change the mechanical energy of different directions external force into electric energy easily, has realized the efficient utilization of energy.Can be applied in especially the collection of the impulsive force mechanical energy of the generations such as vibrations, impact.
In the time that shell is hermetically-sealed construction, the power generation process of the nano generator that makes to rub is not subject to the impact of surrounding environment, therefore can also be applied to the generating under the environment such as wind-force, current.This is that readily accessible a kind of unique texture is not allowed in other design.
2, carry out large-scale tide generating.The shell of friction nano generator and/or inner core adopt the design of flexible material, can realize the undercurrent generating that utilizes water surface, shallow water and deep water.And the combination of multiple friction nano generators can form powerful power supply.
3, simple in structure, light and handy portable and highly compatible.Friction nano generator of the present invention is without parts such as magnet, coil, rotors, simple in structure, easy to make, with low cost.
4, the new breakthrough in novel sensor principle and application.In friction nano generator of the present invention, make the first friction element of diverse location contact with each other and separate with the second friction element according to inner core and the direction of relative movement of shell, between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, produce the signal of telecommunication, direction that can perception external force to the record of this signal by induction tape deck.Therefore, generator provided by the invention can be inertia and the mechanical sensing device-gyroscope of one 360 ° or 4 omnibearing stereos, and without for gyroscope provides power supply, is a kind of self-driven gyroscope.According to technical scheme provided by the invention, can produce the system with the symmetrical comprehensive location of ball-type and navigation, be applied to the field such as automatic control, micromechanics and navigation system of aircraft.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.In whole accompanying drawings, identical Reference numeral is indicated identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on illustrating purport of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the typical structure schematic diagram of friction nano generator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is structural representation when the first friction element contacts with the second friction element in generator;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are that in generator, inner core and shell are realized reciprocating connected mode schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the electricity generating principle schematic diagram of friction nano generator of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be in embodiment mono-inner core along the schematic cross-section of vertical axis direction;
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are electric generator structure schematic diagram in embodiment mono-;
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are the electric generator structure schematic diagram that adopts different structure inner core and shell in embodiment mono-;
Figure 11 is the electric generator structure schematic diagram that embodiment mono-comprises enclosing cover;
Figure 12 and Figure 13 are the structural representation of generator in embodiment bis-;
Figure 14 is gyrostatic structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and in the time that the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in detail, for ease of explanation, described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.
The invention provides one and will move, vibrate, wind-force, the mechanical energy that morning and evening tides and current etc. exist is naturally converted into the friction nano generator simple in structure of electric energy.The material that friction nano generator of the present invention has utilized the polarity in friction electrode order there are differences produces the phenomenon that surface charge shifts while contact.
" friction electrode order " described in the present invention, refer to the sequence of the attraction degree of electric charge being carried out according to material, bi-material is in the moment that is in contact with one another friction, and on rubbing surface, negative electrical charge is transferred to from the material surface of friction electrode order Semi-polarity calibration the material surface that friction electrode order Semi-polarity is born.Up to now, the mechanism that does not also have explanation electric charge that a kind of unified theory can be complete to shift, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge shifts relevant with the surface work function of material, and by electronics or ion, the transfer on rubbing surface realizes electric charge transfer.It should be noted that, friction electrode order is a kind of statistics based on experience, be that bi-material differs far away in this sequence, the probability that after contact, the positive negativity of the electric charge that produces and this sequence are consistent is just larger, and actual result is subject to the impact of many factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity with whether have relative friction etc.
" contact electric charge " described in the present invention, refer to the material there are differences two kinds of friction electrode order polarity in contact friction and after separating its surface with electric charge, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, and distribution depth capacity is only about 10 nanometers.It should be noted that, the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, and at the aggregation zone that may have negative electrical charge with the some areas of material surface that just contact electric charge, but the symbol of whole surperficial net charge is for just.
For the ease of understanding technical scheme of the present invention, introduce in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment mono-:
The one typical case basic structure of friction nano generator of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, comprise inner core 100 and the shell 200 around inner core 100, inner core 100 can elastic movement with respect to shell 200, make the distance generation Flexible change between the outer surface of inner core 100 and the inner surface of shell 200, on the outer surface of inner core 100, be provided with several the first conductive units 101, each the first conductive unit 101 upper surface contacts arrange the first friction element 102, and the first friction element 102 is arranged on the outer surface of inner core; On the inner surface of shell 200, be provided with several the second conductive units 201, the second friction element 202 that each the second conductive unit 201 upper surface contacts arrange, the second friction element is arranged on the medial surface of shell; The upper surface of the first friction element 102 is towards the upper surface of the second friction element 202 or the inner surface of shell 200, or the upper surface of the second friction element 202 is towards the upper surface of the first friction element 102 or the outer surface of inner core 100; The inner surface of the outer surface of inner core 100 and shell 200 is insulating surface; Under external force, the distance between the inner surface of shell and the outer surface of inner core changes, and makes at least one first friction element 102 be in contact with one another and/or rub with at least one second friction element 202, referring to Fig. 2, and surface charge transfer occurs.Due to inner core 100 elastic movement relatively and between shell 200, drive the first friction element 102 to separate with after the second friction element 202 contacts, after the upper surface of the first friction element 102 contacts with the upper surface of the second friction element 202, separate along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line, between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, produce signal of telecommunication output.
Because the first conductive unit is corresponding one by one with the first friction element, the second conductive unit is corresponding one by one with the second conductive unit, for convenience of explanation, the outer surface that the first friction element is arranged on to inner core by the first conductive unit is called the first friction element and is arranged on the outer surface of inner core, and the inner surface that the second friction element is arranged on to shell by the second conductive unit is called the second friction element and is arranged on the inner surface of shell.
In the present invention, described shell can separate completely with inner core, also can partly contact.Can, by controlling the distance of inner core and shell, at least part of the first friction element not contacted with the second friction element.
Inner core can be connected by several elastomeric elements with shell, realizes the reciprocating motion of inner core with respect to shell.The connected mode of inner core and shell has various ways, referring to Fig. 3, can adopt multiple elastomeric elements 300 to be connected between inner core and shell.Preferably, the top that concrete connected mode is each elastomeric element 300 is connected to inner core 100, and the bottom of elastomeric element 300 is connected to shell 200.When being subject to external force (impulsive force), friction nano generator does the used time, make the elastomeric element generation deformation between inner core and shell, distance between inner core and shell is changed, and under the effect of elastomeric element, inner core carries out flexible reciprocating motion with respect to shell.
The friction inner core of nano generator and the connected mode of shell also can be referring to Fig. 4, between inner core and shell, directly do not link together, and have two kinds of connected modes.Referring to Fig. 4 a, adopt elastomeric element 301 to carry out flexible fastening inner core 100, shell 200 is rigidly fixed (not shown fixed position), when being subject to external force (impulsive force), friction nano generator does the used time, there is the reciprocating motion with respect to shell in inner core under the effect of elastomeric element 301, the direction of motion is along direction shown in arrow, or the drawing high and shrinkage direction of elastomeric element 301.Referring to Fig. 4 b, adopt elastomeric element 302 to carry out flexible fastening on shell 200, inner core 100 is rigidly fixed to (in figure, demonstrating fixed position), when being subject to external force (impulsive force), friction nano generator does the used time, there is the reciprocating motion with respect to inner core in the effect lower casing at elastomeric element 302, the direction of motion is along direction shown in arrow.Such structure can be applied on vibrations equipment, the mechanical energy producing for collecting device vibrations, and inner core and shell can be fixed on same equipment, also can be fixed on different equipment.
There is friction electrode order difference in the friction upper surface of the first friction element of nano generator and the material of the upper surface of the second friction element.While making under external force, between inner core and shell, reciprocating motion occurs, drive the first friction element to contact with the second friction element or rub surface charge transfer occurs, the first friction element separates with the second friction element afterwards, the process that produces the signal of telecommunication between the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit is referring to Fig. 5, under the initial condition that there is no external force, between the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, there is certain interval (referring to A step in Fig. 5).Owing to can doing relatively reciprocating motion between inner core and shell, to be connected to example by elastomeric element between inner core and shell, in the time having External Force Acting, elastomeric element between inner core and shell is compressed, cause the distance between interior core outer surface and inner surface of outer cover to change, the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 are in contact with one another or rub surface charge transfer occurs, form layer of surface contact electric charge (referring to B step in Fig. 5).Because the material of the first friction element 102 upper surfaces and the second friction element 202 upper surfaces is different in the position rubbing in electrode order, the second friction element 202 surfaces produce positive charge, and the first friction element 102 surfaces produce negative electrical charge, the electric weight size of two kinds of electric charges is identical, therefore between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, there is no electrical potential difference, just there is no flow of charge yet.Under the elastic reaction of elastomeric element, the first friction element 102 separates with the second friction element 202, the entirety being now made up of the first conductive unit 101 and the first friction element 102 has clean surplus negative electrical charge, and the entirety that the second conductive unit 201 and the second friction element 201 form has clean surplus positive charge, therefore between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, produce electrical potential difference.For this electrical potential difference of balance, electronics flows into the second conductive unit 201 by external circuit by the first conductive unit 101, thereby produces by the second conductive unit the transient current (C step in referring to Fig. 5) to the first conductive unit at external circuit.In the time that the first friction element 102 is got back to initial position, electric charge between it and the second friction element 202 all reaches balance, between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, there is no electrical potential difference, just do not have electric current to produce (D step in referring to Fig. 5) at external circuit yet.Under the effect of elastomeric element, inner core and shell elastic movement each other, the spacing of the first conductive unit 101 and the second friction element 202 is diminished again, the positive charge on the second friction element 202 surfaces strengthens the repulsive interaction of positive charge in the first conductive unit 101, the negative electrical charge on the first friction element 102 surfaces also strengthens the sucking action of positive charge in the second conductive unit 201 simultaneously, causes thus the electrical potential difference between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201 to reduce.For further this electrical potential difference of balance, electronics flows into the first conductive unit 101 by external circuit by the second conductive unit 201, thereby produces and the transient current of opposite direction (step e in referring to Fig. 5) for the first time at external circuit.After the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 come in contact again, repeat the situation of B-E step above.As can be seen here, the reciprocating motion between inner core and the shell of friction nano generator, can impel the second frictional layer 13 that the first friction element 102 that inner core 100 drives drives with shell 200 constantly contact occurs and separates, and the formation signal of telecommunication is constantly exported.Friction nano generator of the present invention can reclaim the energy that vibrations, current, morning and evening tides or wind produce.
Preferably, multiple the first friction elements 102 and the corresponding setting of multiple the second friction element 202, while making inner core with shell relative motion, first friction element only contacts with second friction element, and second friction element only contacts with first friction element at every turn, referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
Although the phenomenon of triboelectrification is familiar with by people already, also there is common recognition this area to the material category that triboelectrification can occur, what often we knew is that friction can play static, but for utilizing sliding friction to generate electricity and being that the present invention proposes first by its device.The operation principle providing above by the present invention, those skilled in the art can clearly realize that the working method of sliding friction nano generator, thereby can understand the selection principle of each component materials.
The first friction element and second friction element of friction nano generator are made up of the material with differentiated friction electrical characteristics respectively, described differentiated friction electrical characteristics mean the two in friction electrode order in different positions, thereby make the two in the process coming in contact or rub, can produce on surface contact electric charge.Conventional insulating material all has friction electrical characteristics, all can be used as the material of preparation the present invention's the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, enumerate some conventional insulating material herein and sorted to negative polarity by positive polarity according to friction electrode order: aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and braid thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (terylene), polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene.
With respect to insulator, semiconductor and metal all have the friction electrical characteristics that easily lose electronics, in the list of friction electrode order, are often positioned at end place.Therefore, semiconductor and metal also can be used as the material of preparation the first friction element 102 or the second friction element 202.Conventional semiconductor comprises silicon, germanium; III and V compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; II and VI compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution being formed by III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have friction electrical characteristics, can form surface charge at friction process, therefore also can be used as frictional layer of the present invention, the for example oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO 2and Y 2o 3; Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.Certainly, can also use other materials with conductive characteristic to serve as the frictional layer material that easily loses electronics, for example indium tin oxide ITO.
Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list several concrete materials herein from people's reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of protection range of the present invention; because under enlightenment of the present invention, the friction electrical characteristics that those skilled in the art has according to these materials are easy to select other similar materials.
Found through experiments, when the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 materials electronic capability while differing larger (the position in friction electrode order differs far away), the signal of telecommunication that friction nano generator is exported is stronger.So, can be according to actual needs, select suitable material to prepare the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, to obtain better output effect.
In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nano generator can be solid, can be also hollow body, to the material of inner core without specific (special) requirements, can be rigid also can be for flexible material, only need to guarantee inner core for surface is insulator, for example can select solid rubber, hollow ceramic etc.
Inner core can be hollow or solid cylinder, hollow or solid spheroid, spheroid or polyhedron, and the outer surface of inner core can be cylinder, sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid or many faceted pebbles (polyhedron).
In the present embodiment, the material of the shell of friction nano generator, without specific (special) requirements, can be that flexibility can be also hard material, only need to guarantee that the inner surface of shell is insulating material, the material of shell is preferably the material of anti acid alkali performance, for example flexible organic substance insulating material.Shell can be the shapes such as tubular, spherical shell shape, ellipsoid hull shape, polyhedral shell, also can be the part cylinder of non-closure, the inner surface of shell can be the closed face of cylinder, prismatic surface, or sphere, ellipsoid, the polyhedron of sealing, also can be the shelly not sealing, such as hemisphere or arc shelly etc.The inner surface of shell can be identical with the shape of the outer surface of inner core, also can be not identical.
Preferably, the outer surface of inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of shell is sphere or ellipsoid; While not applying described external force, the center of the outer surface of inner core overlaps with the center of the inner surface of shell.It is symmetrical structure that such structure makes the space between inner core and shell.
Preferably, the outer surface of inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of shell is cylinder; While not applying described external force, described inner core is positioned at the middle part of described shell substantially.
Preferably, referring to Fig. 3, in friction nano generator, the first friction single 102 and the corresponding setting of the second friction element 202, the upper surface area of the first friction element 102 is less than or equal to the upper surface area of the second friction element 202, under described External Force Acting, make the upper surface of the first friction element described at least one completely be in contact with one another and/or rub with the upper surface of described second friction element.
In the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit can be selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.Metal can be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.
In the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, can replace insulating material or semi-conducting material is prepared the first friction element or the second friction element with electric conducting material.Preferably, the described electric conducting material that forms described the first friction element or the second friction element is selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.Metal can be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.
In the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, the upper surface of the upper surface of the first friction element and the second friction element is complementary graph, can be all plane referring to Figure 10 and Figure 12, or be the identical cambered surface that can fit mutually.
In the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, the upper surface of the first friction element can be cambered surface, accordingly, the upper surface of the second friction element is the cambered surface identical with the upper surface of the first friction element, and the upper surface of the first friction element can fit together with the upper surface of the second friction element completely.
In order to increase the contact area between the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, thereby increase the contact quantity of electric charge, can also carry out physical modification towards surface (upper surface of the first friction element 102) and/or second friction element 202 of shell towards the surface (upper surface of the second friction element 202) of inner core to the first friction element 102, make its surface distributed have micron or the micro structure array of inferior micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.Concrete method of modifying comprises photoengraving, chemical etching and plasma etching etc.Also can by nano material intersperse or the mode of coating realizes this object.Described micro-structural can be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.
Can also carry out chemical modification to the upper surface of the upper surface of the first friction element 102 and/or the second friction element 202, can further improve the transfer amount of electric charge at Contact, thereby improve the power output of contact charge density and generator.Chemical modification is divided into again following two types:
A kind of method is for the first friction element 102 being in contact with one another and the second friction element 202 materials, be that positive material surface is introduced easier betatopic functional group (strong to electron cloud) in polarity, or be the functional group (electrophilic group by force) that negative material surface is introduced the electronics that is more easy to get in polarity, can both further improve the transfer amount of electric charge in the time mutually sliding, thereby improve the power output of triboelectric charge density and generator.Comprise to electron cloud by force: amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.; Electrophilic group comprises by force: acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc.The introducing of functional group can using plasma surface modification etc. conventional method.For example can make the gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen produce plasma under certain power, thereby introduce amino at the material surface of friction element.
Another method is to be that positive material surface is introduced positive charge in polarity, and is that negative material surface is introduced negative electrical charge in polarity.Specifically can realize by the mode of chemical bonding.For example, can utilize on PDMS surface the method for hydrolysis-condensation (English is abbreviated as sol-gel) to modify upper tetraethoxysilane (English is abbreviated as TEOS), and make it electronegative.Also can on metallic gold thin layer, utilize the bond of gold-sulphur to modify the golden nanometer particle of upper surface containing softex kw (CTAB), because softex kw is cation, therefore can make whole substrate become positively charged.Those skilled in the art can, according to the kind of the receiving and losing electrons character of baseplate material and surface chemistry key, select suitable decorative material and its bonding, and to reach object of the present invention, therefore such distortion is all within protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention's the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 can be that hard material also can be selected flexible material, because the hardness of material does not affect the sliding friction effect between the two, those skilled in the art can select according to actual conditions.The thickness of the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 has no significant effect enforcement of the present invention, just in the process arranging, needs to consider the factors such as friction element intensity and generating efficiency.The present invention preferably the first friction element and/or the second friction element is film or thin slice, and thickness is 50nm-2cm, preferably 1 μ m-50 μ m, 50 μ m-500 μ m, more preferably 500 μ m-800mm, more preferably 1mm-500mm, these thickness are all suitable for technical schemes all in the present invention.
Embodiment bis-:
In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nano generator is cylindricality or tubular, and the lateral surface of described inner core is cylinder, and several first friction elements are arranged on the lateral surface of inner core.Preferably, the figure forming in the cross section of the axis of vertical and described inner core lateral surface is selected from hollow or solid circle, ellipse or polygon, referring to Fig. 6.In the present embodiment, the relative motion between core and the housing of friction nano generator is carried out in two dimensional surface.
Preferably, shell is the tubular around inner core, and the bearing of trend of inner core and shell is basic identical, makes shell and inner core form tube-in-tube structure.
Take inner core as cylinder, shell as friction nano generator cylindraceous be example, illustrate the structure of the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, Fig. 7 be along friction nano generator inner spindle to schematic top plan view, Fig. 8 is the cutaway view of AA ' line in the nano generator that rubs along Fig. 7.Friction nano generator comprises cylindric inner core 110 and the cylinder-like shell 210 around inner core, inner core 110 lateral surfaces are provided with several the first conductive units 111, on each the first conductive unit 111, contact arranges first friction element 112, the first friction element is arranged on the outer surface of described inner core, wherein, multiple the first friction elements 112 are arranged along the direction of the axis (direction of arrow C) of vertical and inner core 110; Shell 210 inner surfaces are provided with several the second conductive units 211, on each the second conductive unit 211, contact is provided with second friction element 212, the second friction element is arranged on the inner surface of shell, wherein, multiple the second friction elements 212 are arranged along the direction of the axis (direction of arrow C) of vertical and shell 210.Shell 210 is connected by several elastomeric elements 310 with inner core 110, the top of each elastomeric element is connected on the outer surface of inner core 110, bottom is connected on the inner surface of shell 210, the upper surface that makes the first friction element 112 is towards the upper surface of shell 210, the second friction elements 212 towards inner core 110.Be preferably the first friction element 112 and the second friction element 212 arranges face-to-face, and elastomeric element 310 makes to retain space between the first friction element 112 and the second friction element 212, in the time that friction nano generator is subject to external force (impulsive force), inner core relatively and shell in the reciprocating motion of direction shown in arrow B, be specially in Fig. 8 after inner core moves to the left, in figure, the elastomeric element in left side is compressed, the elastomeric element on right side is drawn high, therefore, inner core is subject to active force to the right of elastomeric element and motion to the right, and so forth, inner core makes the upper surface of at least one the first friction element 112 contact with the upper surface of second friction element 212 with respect to the reciprocating motion of shell after, separate along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line.
Preferably, the first friction element 112 is identical with the surface configuration of the second friction element 212, is all plane or for the identical cambered surface of curvature.
Preferably, the first friction element is corresponding with the position of the second friction element, and when the nano generator that makes to rub is subject to external force, first friction element only contacts or rubs with second friction element.Preferred, the area of the second friction element 212 is more than or equal to the area of the first friction element 112, and to guarantee, the first friction element contacts with each other area maximum while contact with the second friction element, and the nano generator that makes to rub obtains higher output.When the position of the first friction element and the second friction element is corresponding, when inner core when reciprocating motion, makes the upper surface of corresponding the first friction element upper surface arranging and the second friction element apart from expanding or dwindling with respect to shell in a plane.
In the present embodiment, elastomeric element 310 can be spring, sponge elastomeric material, the number of elastomeric element and position are according to practical structures, can there be multiple choices, here be not particularly limited, guaranteeing under the prerequisite of friction nano generator structure and intensity, as long as guarantee that core and housing can elasticity relative motions.
Although only listed situation about being connected by multiple elastomeric elements between inner core and shell, for there being one to rigidly fix among inner core and shell, a resiliently mounted situation is also suitable for.The friction nano generator of this structure can be applied in the plant equipment that vibrations occur, and inner core or shell are fixed in plant equipment, and making between inner core and shell can reciprocating motion, and the mechanical energy that vibrations are produced changes electric energy into.
The shape of inner core and shell has multiple choices, the lateral surface of inner core and the medial surface of shell can be identical can be not identical yet, referring to Fig. 9, inner core 1101 is cylindrical, its lateral surface is the face of cylinder, the medial surface of shell 2101 is elliptic cylinder; Also can inner core be elliptical cylinder-shape, its lateral surface be elliptic cylinder, and the medial surface of shell is the face of cylinder.Here the shape of the lateral surface of shell 2101 does not affect the generating of friction nano generator, can select according to actual needs suitable shape, for example, can be elliptic cylinder, the face of cylinder or prismatic surface.The structural representation of another friction nano generator of the present embodiment shown in Figure 10, inner core is eight prisms, shell is to be centered around inner core tubular eight prisms around.
In the present embodiment, the inner surface of shell can be closed surface, and shell is tubular; The inner surface of shell can be also non-closed surface, for example arc shelly shell, the part lateral surface of inner core by described shell around.
In the present embodiment, shell can be also enclosed construction, be connected with the second conductive unit at the first conductive unit draw wire (not shown) after by inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, the second conductive unit and the second friction element all seal in the enclosure, referring to Figure 11, draw wire (not showing in Figure 11) at the first conductive unit 111 with being connected respectively on the second conductive unit 211, two end faces up and down at shell 210 comprise enclosing cover 213, make inner core 110, the first conductive unit 111, the first friction element 112, the second conductive unit 211 and the second friction element 212 are all sealed by shell and enclosing cover, such structure can make friction nano generator of the present invention be applied in liquid, in the environment such as gas and can not affect the normal work of generator.Preferably the material of enclosing cover 213 is identical with the material of shell 210.Preferred, enclosing cover and shell be formed in one form structure.The friction nano generator of this structure can be applied in the environment such as gas, liquid, and the power generation process of generator is not subject to the impact of environmental condition.
Preferably, in the friction nano generator of the present embodiment, the lateral surface of inner core is identical with the medial surface shape of shell, inner core adopts axisymmetric cylinder, cylindroid or prism, described shell adopts axisymmetric cylindrical shell, cylindroid or prism, while not applying described external force, described in several, elastomeric element does not contact any described the first friction element with described the second friction element.Be preferably, described in several, elastomeric element makes described inner core coaxial with described shell, makes the distance between the lateral surface of inner core and the medial surface of shell even.
Preferably, the number of the first friction element equates with the number of the second friction element, and multiple the first friction elements are uniformly distributed along the axis direction of vertical and inner core lateral surface, and, each the first friction element and the corresponding setting of second friction element, referring to Fig. 7.Preferably, the second friction element is arranged along the axis direction of vertical and inner core lateral surface.
Preferably, the lateral surface of inner core is axisymmetrical surfaces, the for example face of cylinder, elliptic cylinder, quadrangular face or eight prismatic surfaces, the relative motion between inner core and shell is carried out in a plane, and multiple the first friction elements distribute according to axial symmetry on interior core outer surface.Friction nano generator is done the used time being subject to external force (when impulsive force), under the effect of elastomeric element, inner core separates along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line after can driving at least one first friction element to contact with second friction element with shell.Such friction nano generator can 360 ° of scopes of perception the direction of external force, can be for inertia and the mechanical sensing of 360 °.
The lateral surface of described inner core can be the face of cylinder, is provided with the first friction element to determined number on the described face of cylinder; The medial surface of shell is the face of cylinder, and diameter is greater than the diameter of described inner core lateral surface, and the number of described the second friction element arranging on the inner surface of described shell equates with described the first friction element number; While being subject to described External Force Acting, first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with second friction element, i.e. the first friction element and the corresponding setting of the second friction element.The described integral multiple that is preferably 4 or 8 to determined number.
The lateral surface of described inner core can be prismatic surface, on each side of described prismatic surface, is provided with the first friction element; The prismatic surface that the inner surface configuration of shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, cross-sectional area is greater than described inner core cross-sectional area, comprises described the second friction element with described the first friction element correspondence position on the inner surface of described shell; While being subject to described External Force Acting, first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with second friction element.Preferably, the lateral surface of inner core is rectangular pyramid face or eight prismatic surfaces.
It should be noted that, all cross-sectional areas and shape that the cylinder described in the present invention is not strict with cylinder are all identical, also comprise the situation that cross-sectional area and shape are not identical, and for example, described cylinder can be the lateral surface of frustum.The shape of concrete cylinder should not become the factor of restriction protection range of the present invention.
Embodiment tri-:
In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nano generator is the structures such as solid or hollow polyhedron, spheroid, irregular spheroid or spheroid, the outer surface of described inner core is polyhedron, sphere, irregular sphere or ellipsoid, the outer surface that is preferably inner core is sphere, regular hexahedron, spheroid, can be also cylinder.Shell is enclosed construction, after by wire, described the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit being drawn, described inner core is all enclosed in to enclosure, and inner core can move in two dimension or three-dimensional with shell relatively.Adopt regular hexahedron, shell to adopt hollow regular hexahedron as example take inner core, specifically introduce the structure of the nano generator that rubs in the present embodiment.
Referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13, Figure 12 is the structural representation of the present embodiment friction nano generator, and Figure 13 is the connection diagram of inner core and elastomeric element.Friction nano generator comprises regular hexahedron inner core 120 and the hollow regular hexahedron shell 210 around inner core, each surface of the lateral surface of inner core 120 is provided with at least one first conductive unit 121, and on each the first conductive unit 121, contact arranges first friction element 122; Shell 220 inner surfaces are provided with several the second conductive units 211, on each the second conductive unit, contact arranges second friction element 212, shell 220 is connected by 8 elastomeric elements 320 with inner core 120, the top of each elastomeric element is connected to a drift angle place of inner core 120, and bottom is connected to the corresponding drift angle place on the inner surface of shell 210.Be preferably the first friction element 122 and the second friction element 222 arranges face-to-face, and elastomeric element 320 makes to retain space between the first friction element 122 and the second friction element 222, in the time that friction nano generator is subject to external force (impulsive force), inner core portion's reciprocating motion in the enclosure under the effect of elastomeric element, after the upper surface of at least one the first friction element 122 is contacted with the upper surface of second friction element 222, along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line from.
Preferably, the surface of the first friction element 122 and the second friction element 222 is complementary shape, be all plane or for identical cambered surface, contact area maximum when the first friction element and the second friction element are contacted with each other, the higher output of nano generator acquisition is conducive to rub.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid, and while not being subject to External Force Acting, elastomeric element overlaps the center of outer surface of inner core and the center of the inner surface of shell substantially.
Above-mentionedly just list the outer surface of inner core and the inner surface of shell is all hexahedral situation, similar for inner core and the shell situation of other structures.
Preferably, the first friction element is corresponding with the position of the second friction element, when the nano generator that makes to rub is subject to external force, first friction element only contacts or rubs with second friction element, and second friction element only contacts with first friction element.Preferred, the area of the second friction element 222 is more than or equal to the area of the first friction element 122, and to guarantee, the first friction element contacts with each other area maximum while contact with the second friction element, and the nano generator that makes to rub obtains higher output.
In the present embodiment, elastomeric element 320 can be spring, sponge elastomeric material, the number of elastomeric element and position are according to practical structures, can there be multiple choices, here be not particularly limited, guaranteeing under the prerequisite of friction nano generator structure and intensity, as long as guarantee that core and housing can elasticity relative motions.
Be all regular hexahedron although only listed the outer surface of inner core and the inner surface of shell in the present embodiment; and situation about connecting by 8 elastomeric elements mutually; for the friction nano generator that adopts other structure inner cores and shell, also in protection scope of the present invention.For example, inner core can adopt the structures such as cylinder, spheroid, spheroid.
Preferably, inner core adopts solid or hollow spheroid or spheroid, and the inner surface of shell is sealing sphere or the ellipsoid that area is greater than interior core outer surface, and the outer surface of described shell can be sphere, ellipsoid or regular hexahedron face.Between described shell and inner core, connect by several elastomeric elements, one end of each described elastomeric element is connected to inner core, and the other end is connected to shell, preferred, several elastomeric elements are evenly distributed between inner core and shell, make inner core be positioned at the centre position of shell.Preferably, the material of several elastomeric elements and structure are all identical.Preferably, multiple described the first friction elements are evenly distributed on the outer surface of inner core.
In the present embodiment, the outer surface of described inner core can be column, and the inner surface of shell can adopt the structure similar to the outer surface of inner core.For example, inner core adopts cylindrical-shaped structure, and shell adopts hollow cylinder or prism structure, and described inner core is connected on the inner surface of described shell by several elastomeric elements.
Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core comprises multiple planes, and the structure that described multiple planes form is quadrangular or eight prisms, in each described plane, is provided with the first friction element.Inner core can reciprocating motion in 4 π spaces with respect to shell, make the first friction element contact and separate with the second friction element, between corresponding the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, form the signal of telecommunication, can change the mechanical energy of 4 π spaces energy into electric energy.
Preferably, the inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with the outer surface of described inner core; Described the second friction element and the corresponding setting of described the first friction element.
When the outer surface of inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, multiple described the first friction elements are uniformly distributed at the circumference of a girth maximum of the outer surface of described inner core or on oval week.Preferably, the second friction element and the corresponding setting of the first friction element, inner core is with respect to reciprocal movement, make the first friction element contact and separate with the second friction element, between corresponding the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, form the signal of telecommunication, can change the mechanical energy in 360 ° of spaces into electric energy.
Embodiment tetra-:
Gyroscope is a kind of be used for determining direction and device of automatically controlling, and it is widely used in the fields such as micromachine, mobile phone, aircraft control.Existing gyrostatic design is that the variation of the electrical quantity that brings according to inertia carrys out the variation of perceived direction as the variation of electric capacity of capacitor etc.These test modes often need additional power source to complete.
Friction nano generator of the present invention not only can reclaim the energy that vibrations, current, morning and evening tides or wind-force produce, and can perception be subject to the direction of power, and by the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, the direction that is subject to power is passed to the external world.Therefore, generator of the present invention can be inertia and the mechanical sensing device of one 360 ° (in two-dimensional spaces) or 4 (three dimensions) omnibearing stereo, can be applied to automatic control, micromechanics and the navigation system of aircraft.Therefore, utilize the second friction element of diverse location in shell to contact and separate with the first friction element, the signal of telecommunication output producing at corresponding the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, can produce a system with the comprehensive location of symmetrical structure and navigation.This is one to have the comprehensive gyroscope of new principle and application.This gyroscope does not need additional power source, is a kind of self-driven gyroscope.
Referring to Figure 14, gyroscope provided by the invention comprises friction nano generator and induction tape deck, described friction nano generator is the generator being selected from embodiment mono-to three, be preferably the friction nano generator of the first friction element and the corresponding setting of the second friction element, accordingly, the also corresponding setting of the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, induction tape deck is multipath signal of telecommunication tape deck, in friction nano generator, corresponding the first conductive unit arranging and the second conductive unit are connected to respectively two inputs of a path of induction tape deck, when the first friction element of correspondence setting and the second friction element contact with each other when separating and produce electric charge and shift, the sensed tape deck of the signal of telecommunication institute record producing between the first conductive unit contacting with the first friction element and the second friction element respectively and the second conductive unit, in induction tape deck, can preset the position relationship of the friction element contacting with each other in connected conductive unit and friction nano generator.The first conductive unit 131 of inner core 130 outer surface settings in friction nano generator is all connected to induction tape deck, the second conductive unit 231 of shell 230 inner surface settings is all connected to induction tape deck, when being subject to external force (impulsive force), friction nano generator does the used time, under the effect of elastomeric element 330, inner core is reciprocating with respect to shell, inner core 130 drives the first friction element 132 to come in contact and separate with the second friction element 232 that is supported on shell 230 inner surfaces, and produce the signal of telecommunication between the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231, signal of telecommunication friction nano generator being produced by the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231 sends to induction tape deck, simultaneously, the first friction element 132 that induction recording device records the first conductive unit 131 is corresponding with the second conductive unit 231 and the second friction element 232 position in friction nanometer engine.
The gyroscope that the present embodiment provides, can use in the automatic control of aircraft or locator time, without for gyroscope provides power supply, can respond to aircraft in 360 ° (in two-dimensional spaces) or 4 (three dimensions) omnibearing attitude automatically.Gyroscope provided by the invention, is a kind of brand-new self-driven gyroscope, can be applied in the field such as aircraft, micromechanics.
Preferably, in friction nano generator, between inner core and shell, be connected by multiple elastomeric elements, referring to Figure 14, multiple described elastomeric elements all should be distributed between described inner core and shell, the top of each elastomeric element is connected to the outer surface of inner core 130, and bottom is connected to the inner surface of shell 230.
Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core of friction nano generator has spherical symmetric structure, and preferred, the inner surface of shell has spherical symmetric structure.
Preferably, when friction nano generator is not subject to described External Force Acting, described inner core is positioned at the center of described inner surface of outer cover besieged city structure substantially, referring to Fig. 1, Figure 10, Figure 12 or Figure 14 etc.
Induction tape deck in the present invention is without specific (special) requirements, as long as there is the recording equipment of multipair input can be applied in gyroscope of the present invention.The for example instrument of multiple measuring voltages or electric current integrates as induction tape deck of the present invention.
The each several part of friction nano generator of the present invention can adopt existing technology preparation, and concrete preparation method is not here particularly limited.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing from technical solution of the present invention scope situation, all can utilize method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content that does not depart from technical solution of the present invention,, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification according to technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (48)

1. a friction nano generator, is characterized in that, comprises inner core and the shell around described inner core,
On the outer surface of described inner core, be provided with several the first conductive units, each described the first conductive unit upper surface contact arranges the first friction element;
On the inner surface of described shell, be provided with several the second conductive units, each described the second conductive unit upper surface contact arranges the second friction element;
The upper surface of described the first friction element is towards the upper surface of described the second friction element or the inner surface of described shell; At least part of the first friction element does not contact with described the second friction element;
The outer surface of described inner core and the inner surface of described shell are insulating surface;
Under external force, described inner core can reciprocating motion with respect to described shell, make described at least one after the upper surface of the first friction element and the upper surface of at least one the second friction element are in contact with one another, separate along the direction vertical with being in contact with one another surperficial tangent line, between described the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, produce the signal of telecommunication.
2. friction nano generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inner core is solid or hollow cylinder, and described the first friction element is arranged on the lateral surface of described inner core.
3. friction nano generator according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the figure forming in the cross section of the axis direction of the lateral surface of vertical and described inner core is selected from circle, ellipse or polygon.
4. friction nano generator according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described polygon is selected from equilateral triangle, square, regular hexagon, regular pentagon and octagon.
5. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 2-4 any one, it is characterized in that, described shell is the tubular around described inner core, and the bearing of trend of described inner core and described shell is basic identical.
6. friction nano generator according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the medial surface of described tubular is the sealing cylinder identical with the lateral surface shape of described inner core.
7. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 2-4 any one, it is characterized in that, the inner surface of described shell is non-closed cylinder.
8. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-7 any one, it is characterized in that, multiple described the first friction elements and the corresponding setting of multiple described the second friction element, while making inner core with shell relative motion, first friction element only contacts with second friction element.
9. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 2-8 any one, it is characterized in that, described in several, the first friction element is arranged with the axis direction of described inner core along vertical; All described the second friction elements are arranged with the axis direction of described inner core lateral surface along vertical.
10. friction nano generator according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described inner core is connected by several elastomeric elements with shell; The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.
11. friction nano generators according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described inner core adopts axisymmetric cylinder, cylindroid or prism, described shell adopts axisymmetric cylindrical shell, Cylindrical Shells of Oval Cross-Section or prismatic shell, while not applying described external force, described in several, elastomeric element does not contact any described the first friction element with described the second friction element.
Friction nano generator described in 12. according to Claim 8-11 any one, is characterized in that, described in several, the first friction element is evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.
13. friction nano generators according to claim 12, is characterized in that, the lateral surface of described inner core is the face of cylinder, and on the described face of cylinder, contact is provided with described the first friction element to determined number;
The inner surface of described shell is the face of cylinder, and diameter is greater than the diameter of described inner core lateral surface, and the number of described the second friction element equates with described the first friction element number;
While being subject to described External Force Acting, described first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with described second friction element.
14. friction nano generators according to claim 12, is characterized in that, the lateral surface of described inner core is prismatic surface, are provided with described the first friction element on each side of described prismatic surface;
The inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, and cross-sectional area is greater than described inner core cross-sectional area, on the inner surface of described shell, with described the first friction element correspondence position, described the second friction element is set;
While being subject to described External Force Acting, described first friction element only contacts and/or rubs with described second friction element.
15. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 5-14 any one, it is characterized in that, on described shell, also comprise enclosing cover, described inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, the second conductive unit and the second friction element are all sealed by described shell and enclosing cover.
16. friction nano generators according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inner core is hollow or solid spheroid, irregular spheroid, spheroid, polyhedron or cylinder.
17. friction nano generators according to claim 16, is characterized in that, described shell is enclosed construction, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid, many faceted pebbles or the cylinder of sealing.
18. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and multiple described the first friction elements are evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.
19. friction nano generators according to claim 18, is characterized in that, multiple described the first friction elements are uniformly distributed in the girth largest circumference of described interior core outer surface or on oval week.
20. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of described inner core comprises multiple planes, and the structure that described multiple planes form is quadrangular or eight prisms, is provided with the first friction element in each described plane.
21. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 17-20 any one, it is characterized in that, the inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with the outer surface of described inner core; Described the first friction element and the corresponding setting of the second friction element.
22. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 17-21 any one, it is characterized in that, described inner core is connected by several elastomeric elements with shell; The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.
23. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-22 any one, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid;
While not applying described external force, the center of the outer surface of described inner core overlaps with the center of the inner surface of described shell.
24. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-22 any one, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is cylinder; While not applying described external force, described inner core is positioned at the middle part of described shell substantially.
25. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-24 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first friction element and the corresponding setting of described the second friction element, the upper surface area of described the first friction element is less than or equal to the upper surface area of described the second friction element, under described External Force Acting, make the upper surface of the first friction element described at least one completely be in contact with one another and/or rub with the upper surface of described second friction element.
26. friction nano generators according to claim 25, is characterized in that, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and described the second friction element is complementary graph.
27. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-26 any one, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element is distributed with micron or the micro-structural of inferior micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.
28. friction nano generators according to claim 27, is characterized in that, described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron groove, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.
29. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-28 any one, it is characterized in that, has friction electrode order difference between the material of the upper surface of the material of the upper surface of described the first friction element and described the second friction element.
30. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-29 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first friction element is insulating material or semi-conducting material towards surfacing and/or described second friction element of described housing towards the surfacing of described core.
31. friction nano generators according to claim 30, is characterized in that, described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, wool and braid thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester (terylene), polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene,
Solid solution, amorphous glass semiconductor and organic semiconductor that described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, III and V compounds of group, II and VI compounds of group, is made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group.
32. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-31 any one, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element, through chemical modification, makes to introduce and easily obtain the functional group of electronics and/or introduce in the top surface of described the second friction element the functional group that easily loses electronics in the top surface of described the first friction element.
33. friction nano generators according to claim 32, is characterized in that, the described functional group that easily loses electronics comprises amino, hydroxyl or alkoxyl; The described functional group that easily obtains electronics comprises acyl group, carboxyl, nitro or sulfonic group.
34. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-31 any one, it is characterized in that, the lower surface of the upper surface of described the first friction element and/or the second friction element, through chemical modification, makes to introduce negative electrical charge and/or introduce positive charge in the top surface of described the second friction element in the top surface of described the first friction element.
35. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-34 any one, it is characterized in that, replaces insulating material or semi-conducting material prepare described the first friction element or the second friction element with electric conducting material.
36. friction nano generators according to claim 35, is characterized in that the described electric conducting material that forms described the first friction element or the second friction element is selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.
37. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-36 any one, it is characterized in that described the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.
38. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 37, it is characterized in that, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.
39. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-38 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are film or thin slice.
40. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-39 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are flexible material.
41. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-39 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first friction element and/or the second friction element are hard material.
42. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-41 any one, it is characterized in that, described the first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit are film or thin slice.
43. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-42 any one, it is characterized in that, described inner core and/or shell are flexible.
44. according to the friction nano generator described in claim 1-42 any one, it is characterized in that, described inner core and/or shell are hard.
45. 1 kinds of gyroscopes, is characterized in that, comprise friction nano generator and induction tape deck described in claim 1-44 any one, wherein,
The first friction element of described friction nano generator and the corresponding setting of the second friction element;
Described induction tape deck is multipath signal of telecommunication tape deck, and in friction nano generator, corresponding the first conductive unit arranging and the second conductive unit are connected to respectively two inputs of a path of induction tape deck; When the first friction element of correspondence setting and the second friction element contact with each other when separating and produce electric charge and shift, the sensed recording device records of the signal of telecommunication producing between the first conductive unit contacting with the first friction element and the second friction element respectively and the second conductive unit.
46. according to the gyroscope described in claim 45, it is characterized in that, the outer surface of described friction nano generator inner core has spherical symmetric structure.
47. according to the gyroscope described in claim 46, it is characterized in that, the inner surface of described friction nano generator shell has spherical symmetric structure.
48. according to the gyroscope described in claim 47, it is characterized in that, while not being subject to described External Force Acting, the center of described interior core outer surface overlaps substantially with the center of described inner surface of outer cover.
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