CN104836472B - Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy - Google Patents
Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104836472B CN104836472B CN201410044942.XA CN201410044942A CN104836472B CN 104836472 B CN104836472 B CN 104836472B CN 201410044942 A CN201410044942 A CN 201410044942A CN 104836472 B CN104836472 B CN 104836472B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- cavity
- generator according
- acoustic
- electrode layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of generator and sound transducer of utilization acoustic energy, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity by the generator, the hollow cavity of acoustic resonance cavity can collect external sound wave, and make that sound wave produces resonance in the cavities and convergence forms standing wave, acoustic pressure is formed in the elastic membrane structure both sides of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components poor, electric signal is externally exported during the contact separation of first electrode layer and frictional layer.In generator, vibrating membrane is set without extra, unnecessary acoustical energy losses is reduced, improves acoustic energy utilization ratio.Sound transducer is also used as using this generator, is a kind of self-driven passive sonic transducer without providing power supply for sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator, more particularly to a kind of generator of utilization acoustic energy, and apply the generating
The sound transducer of machine.
Background technology
When the energy expenditure of electronic circuit is down to microwatt level from milliwatt, for circuit provide energy no longer need power network or
Battery, but utilize the various environmental energy of surrounding, such as kinetic energy（Wind, ripple, gravity, vibration etc.）, electromagnetic energy（Optical, electromagnetic ripple
Deng）, heat energy（Solar thermal energy, underground heat, temperature change, burning etc.）, atomic energy（Atomic energy, radioactive decay etc.）Or biological energy source
（Bio-fuel, biomass energy etc.）, environmental energy is turned by the various physically or chemically effects such as photovoltaic, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, electromagnetism
Change the electric energy that can be used into, be power electronics.Any fuel or thing need not be consumed when being worked due to energy collecting device
Matter, and inexhaustible energy can be provided for various low-power electronic devices in theory, therefore, obtain extensive pass
Note, and domestic and international researcher expands corresponding research work.
At present, the research in terms of most research concentrates on solar energy, vibration, heat energy and biological electricity, according to energy source shape
The difference of formula, have developed different energy acquisition devices.In daily life, we are in the sound such as speech, noise or music
Encirclement among, the longitudinal sound wave propagated in surrounding air i.e. compressional wave result from deviate balance pressure alternating pressure ripple,
This waveguide causes compression and the rarefaction of regional area, if it is possible to the acoustic energy that speech, music or various noises are sent
Electric energy is converted into, energy acquisition technology broader applications will be promoted, at present, also without the energy of this sound in environment can be collected
Measure and be changed into the device of electric energy.Particularly to the sensing of this sound in environment, the electret capacitance/electric capacity being widely used at present
The features such as formula sensor has wide frequency range, sensitivity is high, distortion is small, but still must could be hindered by dc source
Resistance is changed, that is, needs external power source to be powered for sonic transducer, not only make sensor in-convenience in use, and application by
Limitation.
The content of the invention
Present invention offer is a kind of can efficiently to collect the generator of acoustic energy, can be by the sound of generally existing in environment
Energy is collected and is converted into electric energy.
The present invention provides a kind of generator of utilization acoustic energy, including acoustic resonance cavity and friction susceptance rice electrical generation components,
Wherein, the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged in the cavity of the acoustic resonance cavity, the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
Elastic membrane side be acoustic resonance cavity cavity, opposite side is sealing cavity；The elastic membrane is vibrated in the presence of acoustic pressure difference,
Friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are made to produce electric energy.
It is preferred that, the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components include first electrode layer, the second electrode lay and frictional layer, its
In,
The lower surface of the first electrode layer and the upper surface of frictional layer are set face-to-face, the first electrode layer and friction
The gap that spacing is d is set between layer；
The lower surface contact of the frictional layer sets the second electrode lay；
When the sound by the acoustic resonance cavity converge, acoustic pressure driving under the first electrode layer lower surface and institute
Stating the upper surface of frictional layer can be contacted with each other and separate, and potential is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay
Difference.
It is preferred that, the first electrode layer is elastic membrane, the second electrode lay and the generally non-ballistic of frictional layer formation
Property film；
Or, the first electrode layer is non-elastomeric film, and the second electrode lay is generally elastic with frictional layer formation
Film；
Or the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay and the generally elastic membrane of frictional layer formation；
Several through holes are provided with the non-elastomeric film.
It is preferred that, the fundamental frequency convergent point or frequency multiplication that the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged on the acoustic resonance cavity converge
Accumulation.
It is preferred that, the generator of the utilization acoustic energy includes the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components；The sound
Resonator is conical shell shape.
It is preferred that, the elastic membrane and the portion inner surface of the acoustic resonance cavity outer wall form the sealing cavity.
It is preferred that, the opening of the acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or ellipse.
It is preferred that, including at least one described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components；The acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly, outer wall
It is upper that there is at least one opening.
It is preferred that, the opening of the acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or ellipse.
It is preferred that, multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged along the coaxial cylinder of the acoustic resonance cavity inner surface
Row；The elastic membrane is the outer wall of the sealing cavity.
It is preferred that, one or more sealing cavities, multiple sealings are formed in the cavity of the acoustic resonance cavity
The elastic membrane of cavity and multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is corresponded.
It is preferred that, the acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly or prism shelly.
It is preferred that, the friction susceptance rice number of electrical generation components and the opening set on the outer wall of the acoustic resonance cavity
Number matches.
It is preferred that, the material of the first electrode layer lower surface and the frictional layer upper surface has friction electrode sequence poor
It is different.
It is preferred that, the friction layer material is the one or more in following polymers insulating materials：Polymethylacrylic acid
Methyl esters, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol
Butyral, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly bis phenol carbonate, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyphenyl second
Alkene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer（PDMS）, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
It is preferred that, the material of the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay is metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxygen
Compound or conductive organic matter.
It is preferred that, the spacing range that gap is set between the first electrode layer and frictional layer is 0.3mm-1mm.
It is preferred that, the frictional layer and the second electrode lay formation elastic membrane, the thickness range of the elastic membrane is 0.01mm-
0.1mm。
It is preferred that, the first electrode layer is elastic membrane, and the thickness range of the elastic membrane is 0.1mm-0.5mm.
It is preferred that, the through hole footprint area set in the non-elastomeric film and the ratio of the area of the non-elastomeric film are
0.1-0.5。
It is preferred that, the inner surface setting of the first electrode layer has contact layer, and the driving of acoustic pressure makes the contact layer with rubbing
It can contact with each other and separate between wiping layer.
It is preferred that, under the upper surface of the frictional layer, the lower surface of the first electrode layer and/or the contact layer
The micro-structural of nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension is completely or partially distributed with surface.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of sound transducer, including the generator described in any of the above-described.
Compared with prior art, the generator of utilization acoustic energy of the invention has following advantages：
In the generator of the present invention, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, acoustic resonance cavity
Hollow cavity can collect external sound wave, and sound wave is produced resonance and convergence in the cavities, formed and stayed in acoustic resonance cavity
Ripple, it is poor in the elastic membrane structure both sides formation acoustic pressure of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, in contact of the first electrode layer with frictional layer
Electric signal is externally exported in separation process.In generator, vibrating membrane is set without extra, unnecessary acoustical energy losses is reduced, carries
High acoustic energy utilization ratio, under weaker sound field conditions, can also produce electricity output.
Generator make use of the energy of sound itself as sound transducer, without providing power supply for sensor, realize
The passive sensing of sound, makes the application of sensor be no longer influenced by the limitation of the conditions such as power source life or working environment.
Rub susceptance rice electrical generation components different convergent points in acoustic resonance cavity, can effectively respond fundamental frequency in sound or
Other frequency multiplication energy ingredients.
The generator and sensor of the present invention can for example talk using all kinds of sound in daily life, noise or music
Deng energy acquisition, conversion and sense.Equally, the acoustic energy of the environment such as road, bridge and railway can be collected extensively, be converted to electricity
It can be the electronics such as various detection sensings, or be analyzed and processed to collecting sound, monitoring road, bridge and railway
Running status.
Brief description of the drawings
By shown in accompanying drawing, above and other purpose of the invention, feature and advantage will become apparent from.In whole accompanying drawings
Identical reference indicates identical part.Deliberately accompanying drawing is not drawn by actual size equal proportion scaling, it is preferred that emphasis is show
Go out the purport of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes the structural representation that acoustic resonance cavity in the generator of acoustic energy is conical shell shape；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes the structural representation that acoustic resonance cavity in the generator of acoustic energy is post shelly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, the every other reality that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example is applied, the scope of protection of the invention is belonged to.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagram, when the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, for purposes of illustration only, institute
It is example to state schematic diagram, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention herein.
Existing sonic transducer is required to offer external power source and drives its work, and the application of the sensor made is by power supply
Limitation, the present invention provides a kind of generator that can be generated electricity using acoustic energy, and this generator can be applied to be passed in sound
Sense field, sensor measuring can be carried out without providing power supply for sensor.The technical scheme of the generator of the present invention is to rub
Susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, cavity wall multiple reflections of the sound Jing Guo acoustic resonance cavity, when sound wave frequency
When the fundamental frequency or higher frequency of rate and resonator match, sound wave formation standing wave, and converge in the electric nanometer generating of described friction
In the elastic membrane structure of part, elastic membrane side is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealing cavity, and it is in the poor work of acoustic pressure
Vibration is produced with lower, so as to produce electric energy.Can be as sound transducer, without providing electricity for sensor by the use of this generator
Source, is a kind of self-driven sonic transducer.In addition, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components diverse location in acoustic resonance cavity, Ke Yiyou
Fundamental frequency or other frequency multiplication energy parts in effect ground response sound.Moreover, generator is without additionally setting vibrating membrane, reduction need not
The acoustical energy losses wanted, improve acoustic energy utilization ratio.Meanwhile, by Application of micron in friction nanometer generating part, utilize
The excellent mechanically and electrically characteristic of nano material, the conversion efficiency for making generator that there is high acoustic energy to electric energy.
Embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one：
The generator of the utilization acoustic energy of the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, including acoustic resonance cavity and a friction susceptance rice hair
Electric part, wherein, acoustic resonance cavity 105 is the conical shell shape cavity structure with opening, and internal cavity is frustum shape, referring to figure
1, the longitudinal section of acoustic resonance cavity is inverted trapezoidal；The susceptance rice electrical generation components that rub are located in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 105.Rub susceptance
Rice electrical generation components include two layers of film set face-to-face, referring to Fig. 1, and the edge of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is tied by supporting
The inwall of structure and resonator 105 is fixed, including first electrode layer 101, the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102, wherein first
The upper surface of the lower surface of electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 is set face-to-face, and the lower surface contact of frictional layer 102 sets second
Electrode layer 103；The edge of first electrode layer 101, the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 passes through supporting construction 104 and sound
The inwall of resonator 105 is fixed；First electrode layer 101 is non-elastomeric film, sets several through holes, makes the pressure of non-elastomeric film both sides
Trying hard to keep, it is equal to hold；The second electrode lay 103 and the generally elastic membrane of the formation of frictional layer 102, elastic membrane and the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 105
Portion inner surface formation sealing cavity 106；Not by between first electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 during the reset condition of external force
There is the second electrode lay 103 and the elastic membrane of the formation of frictional layer 102 under the gap that spacing is d, acoustic wave excitation can produce elastic vibrating
It is dynamic, the relative motion that first electrode layer 101 can be contacted with each other and separated with frictional layer 102.
In other embodiments of the invention, or first electrode layer 101 be elastic membrane, the second electrode lay 103 with
The generally non-elastomeric film of the formation of frictional layer 102, and on the second electrode lay 103 and the non-elastomeric film of the formation of frictional layer 102
Several through holes are provided with, the pressure of non-elastomeric film both sides is kept equal.Can certainly be both at elastic membrane.Friction electricity
The setting of the elastic membrane and non-elastomeric film of nanometer generating part only needs to meet non-elastomeric film is located remotely from sealing cavity 106 one
Side.In other embodiments, can also first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 formed it is whole
Body is all elastic membrane, and one of elastic membrane is the outer wall of sealing cavity 106, and another elastic membrane is located remotely from sealing cavity
106 side.
A sealing cavity 106 is formed in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 105, the side for making elastic membrane is the sky of acoustic resonance cavity
Chamber, opposite side is sealing cavity, is not limited to above-mentioned elastic membrane and the portion inner surface formation sealing cavity of the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 105
106, described sealing cavity can also be flexibly formed using other forms.Simply such setting makes the structure of generator most
Simply, it is a kind of preferred electric generator structure.
The upper shed dimension D of conical shell shape cavity structure acoustic resonance cavity 1051, under shed dimension D2And height D3Together decide on
Receive the resonant frequency of sound wave；First electrode layer 101, frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 are arranged on acoustic resonance cavity 105
In frustum shape cavity, the especially acoustic wave energy convergent point of cavity（The electromagnetic wave convergence point of similar plate-like antenna）, Ke Yishi
Sound wave fundamental frequency convergent point or sound wave frequency multiplication convergent point.The determination of fundamental frequency or other frequency multiplication convergent points needs the sound in humorous
The upper shed size of chamber 105, under shed size and the height of shaking are together decided on, when the elastic membrane of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is set
Put in fundamental frequency convergent point, primarily responsive to the fundamental frequency energy part in sound, be arranged on times in frequency multiplication convergent point, response sound
Frequency energy part.
Due to the lower surface of first electrode layer 101 with the material of the upper surface of frictional layer 102 in the presence of friction electrode sequence difference,
There is receiving and losing electrons capacity variance when contacting with each other, two kinds of materials are in the moment of phase mutual friction, the negative electrical charge on rubbing surface
The material surface of polarity calibration is transferred to the more negative material surface of polarity in friction electrode sequence from friction electrode sequence.When outside sound
When sound is acted on friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, because the part or all of structure in friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is elasticity
Film, after external sound wave enters acoustic resonance cavity 105, sound wave cavity wall multiple reflections in frustum shape resonance work as frequency of sound wave
When matching with the fundamental frequency or higher frequency of middle cavity, most of sound wave formation standing wave, and converge in the side of the elastic membrane,
Because the presence acoustic pressure of elastic membrane both sides is poor, cause first electrode layer 101 and the friction of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
Layer 102 is contacting and separating.
In friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, between the frictional layer 102 and the material of first electrode layer 101 that can contact with each other
The difference for the electrode sequence that rubs is the key for producing exportable electric signal, in the present invention, and preferably the material of frictional layer 102 is insulator
Material, the lower surface of first electrode layer 101 or all conductive materials of first electrode layer 101.It is used as the insulator material of frictional layer
In material, preferred polymers insulating materials.Following polymeric material is used equally in the frictional layer 102 of the present invention, and according to row
The order of row has increasingly stronger electronic capability：Polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, poly- isobutyl
It is alkene, elastic polyurethane sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral resin, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, poly-
It is acrylonitrile, poly bis phenol carbonate, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, poly-
Vinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer（PDMS）, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).As space is limited the reason for, can not be to all possible material
Exhaustion is carried out, several specific polymeric materials are only listed herein and are referred to for people, but it is clear that these specific materials are not
The restrictive factor of the scope of the present invention can be turned into, because under the enlightenment of invention, those skilled in the art is according to these
The triboelectric characteristics that material has are easy to select other similar materials.
It is found through experiments that, when between the material of the upper surface of frictional layer 102 and the material of the lower surface of first electrode layer 101
Electronic capability difference is bigger, and the electric signal of generator output is stronger.So, according to order listed above and it can combine simple
Contrast experiment, suitable polymeric material is selected as frictional layer 102, to obtain optimal electric signal output performance.
The thickness of frictional layer 102 on the present invention be practiced without significantly affect, for frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay
103 form the situation of elastic membrane, and to ensure to produce elastic vibration under acoustic wave excitation, the thickness range of elastic membrane is
0.01mm-0.1mm, preferably 0.03mm-0.07mm.The second electrode lay 103 can pass through metal deposition with frictional layer 102
It is combined together both, it would however also be possible to employ the technology such as existing magnetron sputtering, evaporation and printing makes；Frictional layer
There is gap d between 102 and first electrode layer 101, this need to ensure in the case where acoustic wave energy is encouraged apart from the setting of size, frictional layer
102 can preferably contact with first electrode layer 101, and d span is in 0.3mm-1mm, preferably 0.4mm-
0.7mm。
First electrode layer 101 can be selected from conventional conductive material, such as metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxygen
Compound or conductive organic matter etc., it is however preferred to have the metallic film material of excellent conductive capability, such as platinum film, aluminium film, golden film
Or copper film etc..Likewise, the second electrode lay 103 can be using materials such as metal material, conductive oxide or conductive organic matters
Film, such as platinum film, aluminium film, golden film or copper film.The thickness of first electrode layer on the present invention be practiced without significantly affect,
When first electrode layer is elastic membrane, to ensure to produce elastic vibration, the thickness model of elastic membrane under acoustic wave excitation
Enclose 0.1mm-0.5mm, preferably 0.12mm-0.2mm.
In friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, the face of the through hole footprint area set in non-elastomeric film and the non-elastomeric film
Long-pending ratio is 0.1-0.5.
In order to improve the output performance of generator, the preferably upper surface in frictional layer 101, and/or, first electrode layer 101
Lower surface, the micro-structural of nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension is completely or partially distributed with, to increase frictional layer and first electrode
Effective contact area of layer, improves the surface charge density of the two.The micro-structural is preferably nano wire, nanotube, nanometer
Grain, nanometer rods, nano flower, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic, Yi Jiyou
The array of foregoing one or more structures formation, the nano-array being particularly made up of nano wire, nanotube or nanometer rods can be with
It is every in wire, the array of cube or rectangular pyramid shape prepared by methods such as photoengraving, plasma etchings, array
The size of individual this unit should in no way limit this hair in nanometer to micron dimension, unit size, the shape of specific micro nano structure
Bright scope.The point that nano material can also be passed through in the lower surface of the upper surface of frictional layer 101 and/or first electrode layer 101
Sew or coating mode, obtain surface micro-structural.
In other embodiments, contact layer can also be set in the lower surface of first electrode layer 101, contacts the choosing of layer material
Select identical with the range of choice of frictional layer 102, as long as ensureing contact layer lower surface（The surface that can be contacted with frictional layer）With rubbing
There is friction electrode sequence difference in the material for wiping layer 102.In the case where first electrode layer 101 is elastic membrane, it is necessary to contact
Layer is also elastic membrane；When setting through hole in first electrode layer 101, the through hole runs through the contact layer.Include contact layer
Rub in susceptance rice electrical generation components, contacting with each other between contact layer and frictional layer is made by the driving of acoustic pressure and separated, the
Electrical potential difference is produced between one electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103.Equally can also contact layer towards frictional layer surface element
Divide or all set the micro-structural of foregoing nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension, reach that increase contact area improves generator
Generating efficiency purpose.
Elastic membrane, first electrode layer 101 are collectively formed for exemplified by non-elastomeric film by frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103,
The electrical power generators detailed process of the present embodiment is：After external sound wave enters acoustic resonance cavity 105, sound wave is hollow in frustum shape
Cavity wall multiple reflections, when the fundamental frequency or higher frequency of frequency of sound wave and acoustic resonance cavity 105 match, most of sound wave formation is stayed
Ripple, and converge in first electrode layer 101.Because first electrode layer 101 has some through holes, this convergence acoustic pressure same purpose
In frictional layer 102 and the integrally formed elastic membrane upper surface of the second electrode lay 103, simultaneously as frictional layer 102 and second electrode
Layer 103 forms the other one side of elastic membrane（Lower surface）It is sealing cavity 106, therefore in frictional layer 102 and the shape of the second electrode lay 103
Have that different acoustic pressures are poor into the two sides of elastic membrane, the presence of this acoustic pressure difference will cause frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103
Produce elastic deformation；When converging acoustic pressure and being more than middle 106 inside acoustic pressure of cavity, frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 are to hollow
The direction of chamber 106 produces elastic deformation, otherwise produces elastic deformation, the elastic deformation of different directions to the direction of first electrode layer 101
So that first electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 produce contact, separation and contacted again.When acoustic pressure difference band moves first electrode layer 101 and rubs
Wipe layer 102 to produce in separation process, due to opposite polarity contact electricity in first electrode layer 101 and the respective surface of frictional layer 102
Lotus is present, and when being separated between two kinds of materials, the contact electric charge of positively charged and electronegative contact electric charge are in first electrode layer
101 and the second electrode lay 103 on there is potential difference, in the case where there is applied load, the electrical potential difference will cause free electron
Redistributed between first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103, to balance the electrical potential difference, so as to form the electricity by load
Stream；When acoustic pressure official post first electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 are replied in contact process, due to frictional layer 102 and first electrode layer
Relative displacement between 101 is changed again, and the electrical potential difference between first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103 occurs again,
It is changed the distribution of charges for reaching balance, the electric charge of redistribution causes the electric current again by applied load.Connect in load
In the case of entering, opposite electricity is produced during relative displacement increases and reduces between frictional layer 102 and first electrode layer 101
Potential difference, therefore, the current direction during two are opposite.It is noted that it is bigger to form standing wave acoustic pressure, frictional layer 102 and the
The elastic membrane shock range that two electrode layers 103 are constituted is bigger, and the voltage of generation is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, so as to realize
Collect acoustic energy while carry out sound sensing.
First electrode layer or first electrode layer are collectively forming the elastic membrane for the susceptance rice electrical generation components that rub with contact layer
In the case of, electricity generating principle is identical with above-mentioned situation.The generator of the present invention can collect acoustic energy, be transformed into electric energy.
The opening shape of conical shell shape acoustic resonance cavity 105 can be the shape such as square, circular or oval.
Embodiment two：
The generator of the utilization acoustic energy of the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 2, including acoustic resonance cavity and at least one friction susceptance
Rice electrical generation components, wherein, there is at least one opening 205, all friction susceptance rice electrical generation components on the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204
In the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 204.Opening 205 is the gap on post shell outer wall, and gap opening is square, circular or ellipse
Deng, beneficial to sound wave enter the cavity of post shell acoustic resonance cavity 204 in.It is basic in the structure and embodiment one of susceptance rice electrical generation components that rub
It is identical, differ only in, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components first electrode layer 201, the second electrode lay 203 and frictional layer 202 with
The outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204 is not fixed, but the edge of each layer is fixed in sealing cavity 206, material, thickness, the knot of each layer
Structure etc. is identical with embodiment one.First electrode layer 201, frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 can be planar structure
（Referring to corresponding part in Fig. 1）, can also be with the inner surface radian identical globoidal structure of acoustic resonance cavity 204, referring to Fig. 2.
Wherein, the elastic membrane lower surface of the second electrode lay 203 is the outer wall of sealing cavity 206, it is preferred that the electric nanometer generating of multiple frictions
Part is arranged along the coaxial cylinder of the inner surface of acoustic resonance cavity 204, it is preferred that the elastic membrane of multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
For the outer wall of the different sealing cavity 206 in acoustic resonance cavity.One or more sealings are formed in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 204 empty
Chamber 206, the side for making elastic membrane is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealing cavity, and such setting makes the knot of generator
Structure is most simple, is a kind of preferred electric generator structure.It is preferred that, multiple sealing cavities 206 and multiple friction susceptance rice Power Generation Sections
The elastic membrane of part is corresponded, i.e., the outer wall of each sealing cavity 206 only includes the elasticity of a friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
Film, the elastic membrane of a friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is only the outer wall of a sealing cavity 206.
Acoustic resonance cavity 204 can be cylindrical shell shape, or prism shelly.
Generator radius shown in Fig. 2 is R1Cylinder shelly acoustic resonance cavity 204 outer wall on be evenly arranged with 3 seams
Gap is as opening, and corresponding generator includes three friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, and the gap of cylinder different directions is beneficial to
The sound of different directions is collected, certain gap quantity is determined according to different directions sound wave quantity.Therefore, the generating of the present embodiment
Machine can set multiple openings on the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity, can also equally set multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components.It is excellent
Choosing, the friction susceptance rice number of electrical generation components matches with the opening number set on the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204, Ke Yixiang
It is preferably identical etc. that can not also wait.
Middle cavity 206 can be that radius is R2Cylinder cavity, the radius R of acoustic resonance cavity 2041, the middle radius R of cavity 2062, seam
The width w of gap 205 and open amount together decide on the resonant frequency that generator receives sound wave.
The electrical power generators detailed process of the present embodiment is：When external sound wave by gap enter post shell acoustic resonance cavity 204
After in cavity, sound wave is in middle cavity wall multiple reflections, when frequency of sound wave matches with the cavity frequency, most of acoustic wave form
Into standing wave, and converge in first electrode layer 201, because first electrode layer 201 has through hole, this convergence acoustic pressure same purpose
On the upper surface of friction material layer 202 and the formation elastic membrane of the second electrode lay 203, simultaneously as the electricity of frictional layer 202 and second
What pole layer 103 formed elastic membrane is in addition simultaneously middle cavity 206, therefore form elasticity in frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203
The two sides of film has that different acoustic pressures are poor, and the presence of this acoustic pressure difference will cause frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 to produce bullet
Property deformation.When converging acoustic pressure and being more than middle 206 inside acoustic pressure of cavity, frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 are to middle cavity 206
Direction produces elastic deformation, otherwise produces elastic deformation to the direction of first electrode layer 201, and the elastic deformations of different directions causes the
One electrode layer 201 and frictional layer 202 produce contact, separation and contacted again.When acoustic pressure difference band moves first electrode layer 201 and frictional layer
202 produce in separation process, because opposite polarity contact electric charge is deposited in first electrode layer 201 and the respective surface of frictional layer 202
When being separated between two kinds of materials, the contact electric charge of positively charged and electronegative contact electric charge are in the He of first electrode layer 201
There is potential difference on the second electrode lay 203, in the case where there is applied load, the electrical potential difference will cause free electron first
Redistributed between electrode layer 201 and the second electrode lay 203, to balance the electrical potential difference, so as to form the electric current by load；Work as sound
Pressure difference makes first electrode layer 201 and frictional layer 202 reply in contact process, due between frictional layer 202 and first electrode layer 201
Relative displacement be changed again, the electrical potential difference between first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode lay 203 occurs again, makes to reach
The distribution of charges of balance is changed, and the electric charge of redistribution causes the electric current again by applied load.In the feelings of load access
Under condition, opposite electrical potential difference is produced during relative displacement increases and reduces between frictional layer 202 and first electrode layer 201,
Therefore, the current direction during two is opposite.
It is noted that being formed, standing wave acoustic pressure is bigger, the elastic membrane concussion that frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 are constituted
Amplitude is bigger, and the voltage of generation is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, so as to realize collection acoustic energy while carry out sound biography
Sense.
Embodiment one and the structure for the susceptance rice electrical generation components that in embodiment two, rub only list preferred structure, own
Known other structures friction susceptance rice electrification structure can also be using in the present invention.
Embodiment three：
In embodiment one and embodiment two, it is bigger to form standing wave acoustic pressure, in friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, frictional layer and the
The elastic membrane shock range that two electrode layers are constituted is bigger, and the voltage of generation is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, so as to realize collection
Carry out sound sensing while acoustic energy.The size of acoustic resonance cavity, structure, opening diameter together decide on the frequency of response sound wave,
Can be by adjusting response of the parameter adjustment generator of acoustic resonance cavity to sound frequency.Rub nanometer generating part（Particularly
Elastic membrane）Position in acoustic resonance cavity determines that generator absorbs the energy of fundamental frequency or frequency multiplication sound wave.Therefore, receipts of the invention
Collect the generator of acoustic energy, the response of acoustic pressure, frequency can be carried out, sound source position can also be carried out using multiple sensors
Determine.
In the generator of the present invention, the hollow cavity of acoustic resonance cavity has the effect of convergence acoustic energy, the electric nanometer generating of friction
The setting of elastic membrane in part, sets vibrating membrane without extra, reduces unnecessary acoustical energy losses, improves acoustic energy using effect
Rate, under weaker sound field conditions, can also drive first electrode layer and frictional layer in friction susceptance rice electrical generation components to produce and divide
From the motion such as contact, electricity output can be produced without providing power supply.
The generator and sensor of the present invention can apply the collection of the sound such as speech, noise or music in daily life
With utilization and sensing.Equally, the acoustic energy of the environment such as road, bridge and railway can be collected extensively, be the electricity such as various detection sensings
Sub- device is powered or sound is sensed.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, not making any formal limitation to the present invention.Appoint
What those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical proposal of the invention, all using the side of the disclosure above
Method and technology contents make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or are revised as the equivalent reality of equivalent variations
Apply example.Therefore, every content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, the technical spirit according to the present invention is done to above example
Any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications, still fall within technical solution of the present invention protection in the range of.
Claims (23)
1. a kind of generator of utilization acoustic energy, it is characterised in that including acoustic resonance cavity and friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, its
In, the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged in the cavity of the acoustic resonance cavity, the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
Elastic membrane side is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealing cavity；The elastic membrane is vibrated in the presence of acoustic pressure difference, makes
The susceptance rice electrical generation components that rub produce electric energy, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components include first electrode layer, the second electrode lay with
And frictional layer, the lower surface of the first electrode layer and the upper surface of frictional layer set face-to-face, and the first electrode layer is with rubbing
The gap that spacing is d is set between wiping layer；The lower surface contact of the frictional layer sets the second electrode lay；When the sound passes through
The acoustic resonance cavity convergence, the lower surface of the first electrode layer and the upper surface of the frictional layer can be mutual under acoustic pressure driving
It is in contact and separates, electrical potential difference is formed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay；And wherein：
The first electrode layer is elastic membrane, the second electrode lay and the generally non-elastomeric film of frictional layer formation；
Or, the first electrode layer is non-elastomeric film, the second electrode lay and the generally elastic membrane of frictional layer formation；
Or, the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay and the generally elastic membrane of frictional layer formation.
2. generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that several through holes are provided with non-elastomeric film.
3. generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are arranged on the sound
The fundamental frequency convergent point or frequency multiplication convergent point of resonator.
4. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that including an electric nanometer generating of friction
Part；The acoustic resonance cavity is conical shell shape.
5. generator according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the elastic membrane and the part of the acoustic resonance cavity outer wall
Inner surface forms the sealing cavity.
6. generator according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the opening of the acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or ellipse
It is circular.
7. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that including the susceptance rice that rubbed at least one described
Electrical generation components；The acoustic resonance cavity is to have at least one opening on cylinder shelly, outer wall.
8. generator according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the opening of the acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or ellipse
It is circular.
9. generator according to claim 7, it is characterised in that multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are along described
The coaxial cylinder arrangement of acoustic resonance cavity inner surface；The elastic membrane is the outer wall of the sealing cavity.
10. generator according to claim 9, it is characterised in that formed in the cavity of the acoustic resonance cavity one or
Multiple sealing cavities, multiple sealing cavities and the elastic membrane of multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are corresponded.
11. the generator according to any one of claim 7, it is characterised in that the acoustic resonance cavity be cylinder shelly or
Person's prism shelly.
12. the generator according to any one of claim 10, it is characterised in that of the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components
Number matches with the opening number set on the outer wall of the acoustic resonance cavity.
13. the generator as described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the first electrode layer lower surface and described
The material of frictional layer upper surface has friction electrode sequence difference.
14. generator according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the friction layer material is following polymers insulation material
One or more in material：Polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge,
Polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral resin, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly bis phenol carbonic acid
Ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxanes
Alkane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
15. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the first electrode layer and second electrode
The material of layer is metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter.
16. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the first electrode layer and frictional layer it
Between set gap spacing range be 0.3mm-1mm.
17. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the frictional layer and the second electrode lay shape
Into elastic membrane, the thickness range of the elastic membrane is 0.01mm-0.1mm.
18. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the first electrode layer is elastic membrane, institute
The thickness range for stating elastic membrane is 0.1mm-0.5mm.
19. the generator according to claim any one of 2-3, it is characterised in that what is set in the non-elastomeric film is logical
The ratio of hole footprint area and the area of the non-elastomeric film is 0.1-0.5.
20. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that the inner surface of the first electrode layer is set
Contact layer is equipped with, the driving of acoustic pressure makes to contact with each other and separate between the contact layer and frictional layer.
21. generator according to claim 20, it is characterised in that in the upper surface of the frictional layer and the contact layer
Lower surface the micro-structural of nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension is completely or partially distributed with.
22. the generator according to claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that in the upper surface of the frictional layer and institute
The micro-structural of nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension is completely or partially distributed with the lower surface for stating first electrode layer.
23. a kind of sound transducer, it is characterised in that including the generator described in claim any one of 1-22.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410044942.XA CN104836472B (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410044942.XA CN104836472B (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104836472A CN104836472A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| CN104836472B true CN104836472B (en) | 2017-11-03 |
Family
ID=53814152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410044942.XA Active CN104836472B (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104836472B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106877731B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-07-02 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Thermo-acoustic driving friction nanometer power generation system adopting elastic membrane |
| CN106762374B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2022-10-11 | 大连海事大学 | Compound pneumatic generator and self-powered ocean monitoring equipment |
| CN110164693B (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2022-02-11 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Electret electrode, preparation method thereof and electret device |
| CN108551272B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-09-24 | 河南大学 | The velocity sensor of friction nanometer power generator based on acoustic energy and its application |
| US10645497B1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-05-05 | Bose Corporation | Surface treatments for silicone acoustic diaphragms |
| CN111313744B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-04-30 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Micron-sized separated friction nano-generator and sound sensor |
| CN110738991A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-31 | 东南大学 | Speech recognition equipment based on flexible wearable sensor |
| CN111077500A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Self-powered sound source target positioning sensor system based on friction nanometer power generation |
| CN113098319B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-05-27 | 河南大学 | Acoustic energy collector based on embroidery structure |
| CN118041118B (en) * | 2024-04-12 | 2024-07-09 | 之江实验室 | Vibrating diaphragm tensioning device and method for acoustic friction nano generator |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4845776A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1989-07-04 | Electro Acustica S.A. | Piezoelectric transducer and transformer circuit |
| US5132942A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-07-21 | Alphonse Cassone | Low frequency electroacoustic transducer |
| CN202949379U (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-05-22 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | High-power nano-friction generator |
| CN103368448A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-10-23 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Self-driven acoustic wave transducer |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4996713A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-02-26 | S. Eletro-Acustica S.A. | Electroacoustic piezoelectric transducer having a broad operating range |
| US9190936B2 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2015-11-17 | Panasonic Corporation | Micro-electromechanical generator and electric apparatus using same |
| CN103368458B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Impulse generator and generating set |
-
2014
- 2014-02-07 CN CN201410044942.XA patent/CN104836472B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4845776A (en) * | 1987-05-11 | 1989-07-04 | Electro Acustica S.A. | Piezoelectric transducer and transformer circuit |
| US5132942A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-07-21 | Alphonse Cassone | Low frequency electroacoustic transducer |
| CN202949379U (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-05-22 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | High-power nano-friction generator |
| CN103368448A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-10-23 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Self-driven acoustic wave transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104836472A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104836472B (en) | Utilize the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy | |
| Iqbal et al. | Vibration‐based piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and hybrid energy harvesters for microsystems applications: a contributed review | |
| Shao et al. | Triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator for harvesting blue energy | |
| Xi et al. | High efficient harvesting of underwater ultrasonic wave energy by triboelectric nanogenerator | |
| Liang et al. | Spherical triboelectric nanogenerator based on spring-assisted swing structure for effective water wave energy harvesting | |
| Xu et al. | High power density tower-like triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting arbitrary directional water wave energy | |
| He et al. | Triboelectric-piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for high-efficient vibration energy harvesting and self-powered wireless monitoring system | |
| Vidal et al. | Hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerators for mechanical energy harvesting: A review | |
| Jiang et al. | Spring-assisted triboelectric nanogenerator for efficiently harvesting water wave energy | |
| Liu et al. | A three-dimensional integrated nanogenerator for effectively harvesting sound energy from the environment | |
| Wang et al. | Fully packaged blue energy harvester by hybridizing a rolling triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator | |
| Tao et al. | Miura-origami-inspired electret/triboelectric power generator for wearable energy harvesting with water-proof capability | |
| CN104836473B (en) | Acquire the generator and sound transducer of acoustic energy | |
| CN106602924A (en) | Frictional nano-generator for collecting vibration energy and vibration sensor | |
| CN108429428B (en) | Electromagnetic friction composite type multidirectional vibration energy collector and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Liu et al. | Low frequency wide bandwidth MEMS energy harvester based on spiral-shaped PVDF cantilever | |
| WO2014154092A1 (en) | Friction nanogenerator and gyroscope | |
| CN104953785B (en) | A kind of energy collecting device | |
| Zhai et al. | Advances in solid–solid contacting triboelectric nanogenerator for ocean energy harvesting | |
| Ouyang et al. | Copper particles-PTFE tube based triboelectric nanogenerator for wave energy harvesting | |
| Li et al. | Multi-layered triboelectric nanogenerator incorporated with self-charge excitation for efficient water wave energy harvesting | |
| CN104426425A (en) | Inertial power generation device with power generating unit and acceleration direction detection device | |
| CN103780121A (en) | Ultrasonic sound and sound wave detector based on triboelectricity nanometer generator | |
| CN109756151A (en) | A kind of multi-direction vibrational energy collector of Stackable based on nano friction power generation | |
| CN108054951A (en) | A kind of prisoner's energy/energy storage integrated micro-nano battery based on multilayered structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |