CN104836472A - Generator utilizing acoustic energy and sound transducer - Google Patents
Generator utilizing acoustic energy and sound transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104836472A CN104836472A CN201410044942.XA CN201410044942A CN104836472A CN 104836472 A CN104836472 A CN 104836472A CN 201410044942 A CN201410044942 A CN 201410044942A CN 104836472 A CN104836472 A CN 104836472A
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Abstract
The invention provides a generator utilizing acoustic energy, and a sound transducer. In the generator, a triboelectric nano power generation part is arranged in the cavity of an acoustic resonator; the cavity of the acoustic resonator can collect extraneous sound waves and allow the sound waves to generate resonance and converge to form standing waves in the cavity; two sides of the elastic membrane structure of the triboelectric nano power generation part form a sound pressure difference; electric signals are outputted to the outside in a contact separation process between a first electrode layer and a frictional layer. The generator does not need to be additionally provided with a vibrating diaphragm, thereby reducing unnecessary acoustic energy loss, and increasing acoustic energy utilization efficiency. The generator can also be used as a sound transducer which does not need a power supply and is a self-driven passive sound transducer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator, particularly a kind of generator utilizing acoustic energy, and apply the sound transducer of this generator.
Background technology
When the energy ezpenditure of electronic circuit is down to microwatt level from milliwatt level, for circuit provides energy no longer to need electrical network or battery, but utilize various environmental energy around, such as kinetic energy (wind, ripple, gravity, vibration etc.), electromagnetic energy (light, electromagnetic wave etc.), heat energy (solar thermal energy, underground heat, variations in temperature, burning etc.), atomic energy (atomic energy, radioactive decay etc.) or biological energy source (bio-fuel, biomass energy etc.), pass through photovoltaic, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, the various physics such as electromagnetism or chemical effect convert environmental energy to operable electric energy, for power electronics.Owing to not needing when energy collecting device works to consume any fuel or material, and inexhaustible energy can be provided for various low power dissipation electron device in theory, therefore, obtain and pay close attention to widely, and researcher expands corresponding research work both at home and abroad.
At present, most research concentrates on the research of solar energy, vibration, heat energy and bioelectricity aspect, according to the difference of energy source form, have developed different energy acquisition devices.In daily life, we are among the encirclement of the sound such as speech, noise or music, the longitudinal sound wave propagated in air around and compressional wave result from the alternating pressure ripple departing from equalizing pressure, this waveguide causes compression and the rarefaction of regional area, if the acoustic energy that speech, music or various noise send can be converted into electric energy, energy acquisition technology broader applications will be promoted, at present, also there is no to collect the energy of this sound in environment and change the device of electric energy into.Particularly to the sensing of sound this in environment, electret capacitance/the capacitance type sensor of current extensive use has the features such as wide frequency range, highly sensitive, distortion is little, but still DC power supply must be relied on just to carry out impedance transformation, namely external power source is needed to be that sonic transducer is powered, not only make the use of transducer inconvenient, and range of application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of can the generator of Efficient Collection acoustic energy, acoustic energy ubiquitous in environment can be carried out collecting and being converted into electric energy.
The invention provides a kind of generator utilizing acoustic energy, comprise acoustic resonance cavity and friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, wherein, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is arranged in the cavity of described acoustic resonance cavity, the elastic membrane side of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealed cavity; Described elastic membrane is vibrated under the effect of acoustic pressure difference, makes friction susceptance rice electrical generation components produce electric energy.
Preferably, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components comprises the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay and frictional layer, wherein,
The described lower surface of the first electrode layer and the upper surface of frictional layer are arranged face-to-face, and between described first electrode layer and frictional layer, setting space is the gap of d;
The lower surface contact of described frictional layer arranges the second electrode lay;
When described sound converges through described acoustic resonance cavity, under acoustic pressure drives, the lower surface of described first electrode layer can contact with each other with the upper surface of described frictional layer and be separated, between described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, form electrical potential difference.
Preferably, described first electrode layer is elastic membrane, and the entirety that described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is non-elastomeric film;
Or described first electrode layer is non-elastomeric film, the entirety that described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is elastic membrane;
Or the entirety that described first electrode layer and described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is elastic membrane;
Described non-elastomeric film is provided with several through holes.
Preferably, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is arranged on fundamental frequency convergent point or the frequency multiplication convergent point of described acoustic resonance cavity.
Preferably, the described generator of acoustic energy that utilizes comprises a described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components; Described acoustic resonance cavity is conical shell shape.
Preferably, the portion inner surface of described elastic membrane and described acoustic resonance cavity outer wall forms described sealed cavity.
Preferably, the opening of described acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or oval.
Preferably, the susceptance rice electrical generation components that to rub described at least one is comprised; Described acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly, outer wall has at least one opening.
Preferably, the opening of described acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or oval.
Preferably, multiple described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components arranges along the cylinder that described acoustic resonance cavity inner surface is coaxial; Described elastic membrane is the outer wall of described sealed cavity.
Preferably, in the cavity of described acoustic resonance cavity, form one or more described sealed cavity, the elastic membrane one_to_one corresponding of multiple described sealed cavity and multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components.
Preferably, described acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly or prism shelly.
Preferably, the opening number number of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components and the outer wall of described acoustic resonance cavity arranged matches.
Preferably, the material of described first electrode layer lower surface and described frictional layer upper surface has friction electrode sequence difference.
Preferably, described frictional layer material is one or more in following polymers insulating material: polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably, the material of described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay is metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter.
Preferably, the spacing range arranging gap between described first electrode layer and frictional layer is 0.3mm-1mm.
Preferably, described frictional layer and the second electrode lay form elastic membrane, and the thickness range of described elastic membrane is 0.01mm-0.1mm.
Preferably, described first electrode layer is elastic membrane, and the thickness range of described elastic membrane is 0.1mm-0.5mm.
Preferably, the through hole footprint area described non-elastomeric film arranged is 0.1-0.5 with the ratio of the area of described non-elastomeric film.
Preferably, the inner surface of described first electrode layer is provided with contact layer, and the driving of acoustic pressure makes described contact layer can contact with each other with between frictional layer and be separated.
Preferably, in all or part of micro-structural being distributed with nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension of lower surface of the upper surface of described frictional layer, the lower surface of described first electrode layer and/or described contact layer.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of sound transducer, comprises the generator described in above-mentioned any one.
Compared with prior art, the generator of acoustic energy that utilizes of the present invention has following advantages:
In generator of the present invention, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is arranged in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, the hollow cavity of acoustic resonance cavity can collect external sound wave, and make sound wave produce resonance and convergence in the cavities, standing wave is formed in acoustic resonance cavity, form acoustic pressure in the elastic membrane structure both sides of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components poor, in the contact separation process of the first electrode layer and frictional layer, externally export the signal of telecommunication.In generator, without the need to additionally arranging vibrating membrane, reducing unnecessary acoustical energy losses, improve acoustic energy utilization ratio, even if under more weak sound field conditions, also can produce electricity and export.
Generator, as sound transducer, make use of the energy of sound self, without the need to providing power supply for transducer, achieves the passive sensing of sound, makes the application of transducer no longer be subject to the restriction of the condition such as power source life or operational environment.
Friction susceptance rice electrical generation components different convergent point in acoustic resonance cavity, can respond the fundamental frequency in sound or other frequency multiplication energy ingredients effectively.
Generator of the present invention and transducer can apply that all kinds of sound in daily life is such as talked, the energy acquisition of noise or music etc., conversion and sensing.Equally, extensively can collect the acoustic energy of the environment such as road, bridge and railway, being converted to electric energy is the electronics such as various detection sensings, or carries out analyzing and processing to collection sound, the running status of monitoring road, bridge and railway.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.Reference numeral identical in whole accompanying drawing indicates identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on purport of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes acoustic resonance cavity in the generator of acoustic energy to be the structural representation of conical shell shape;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes acoustic resonance cavity in the generator of acoustic energy to be the structural representation of post shelly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, for ease of illustrating, described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.
Existing sonic transducer all needs to provide external power source to drive its work, the application of the transducer made is subject to the restriction of power supply, the invention provides a kind of acoustic energy that can utilize and carry out the generator generated electricity, this generator can be applied in sound sensory field, can carry out sensor measuring without the need to providing power supply for transducer.The technical scheme of generator of the present invention is arranged in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity by friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, sound is through the chamber wall multiple reflections of acoustic resonance cavity, when the fundamental frequency of frequency of sound wave and resonant cavity or higher frequency match, sound wave forms standing wave, and converge in the elastic membrane structure of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, elastic membrane side is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealed cavity, it produces vibration under the effect of acoustic pressure difference, thus produces electric energy.This generator is utilized as sound transducer, without the need to providing power supply for transducer, to be a kind of self-driven sonic transducer.In addition, friction susceptance rice electrical generation components diverse location in acoustic resonance cavity, can respond the fundamental frequency in sound or other frequency multiplication energetic portions effectively.And generator, without the need to additionally arranging vibrating membrane, reduces unnecessary acoustical energy losses, improves acoustic energy utilization ratio.Meanwhile, by Application of micron in friction nanometer generating parts, the machinery utilizing nano material excellent and electrical characteristics, make generator have the conversion efficiency of high acoustic energy to electric energy.
Embodiments of the invention are introduced in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
The generator utilizing acoustic energy of the present embodiment, see Fig. 1, comprises acoustic resonance cavity and a friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, wherein, acoustic resonance cavity 105 is for having the conical shell shape cavity structure of opening, and inner cavity is frustum shape, see Fig. 1, the longitudinal section of acoustic resonance cavity is inverted trapezoidal; Friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is positioned at the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 105.Friction susceptance rice electrical generation components comprises the film of two-layer face-to-face setting, see Fig. 1, the edge of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is fixed by the inwall of supporting construction and resonant cavity 105, comprise the first electrode layer 101, the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102, wherein the lower surface of the first electrode layer 101 and the upper surface of frictional layer 102 are arranged face-to-face, and the lower surface contact of frictional layer 102 arranges the second electrode lay 103; The edge of the first electrode layer 101, the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 is all fixed by the inwall of supporting construction 104 with acoustic resonance cavity 105; First electrode layer 101 is non-elastomeric film, arranges several through holes, makes the pressure of non-elastomeric film both sides keep equal; The entirety that the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 are formed is elastic membrane, and the portion inner surface of elastic membrane and acoustic resonance cavity 105 outer wall forms sealed cavity 106; The gap that spacing is d is there is not by between the first electrode layer 101 during the reset condition of external force and frictional layer 102, the elastic membrane that under acoustic wave excitation, the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 are formed can produce elastic vibration, and the first electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 can contact with each other and the relative motion be separated.
In other embodiments of the invention, also can be the first electrode layer 101 be elastic membrane, the entirety that the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 are formed is non-elastomeric film, and in the non-elastomeric film that the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 are formed, be provided with several through holes, make the pressure of non-elastomeric film both sides keep equal.The two can certainly be elastic membrane.The elastic membrane of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components and a setting demand fulfillment non-elastomeric film of non-elastomeric film are positioned at the side away from sealed cavity 106.In other embodiments, can the entirety that formed of the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103 and frictional layer 102 be also all elastic membrane, one of them elastic membrane be the outer wall of sealed cavity 106, and another elastic membrane is positioned at the side away from sealed cavity 106.
A sealed cavity 106 is formed in the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 105, the side of elastic membrane is made to be the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, opposite side is sealed cavity, the portion inner surface being not limited to above-mentioned elastic membrane and acoustic resonance cavity 105 outer wall forms sealed cavity 106, and other forms also can be adopted flexibly to form described sealed cavity.Just such setting makes the structure of generator the simplest, is a kind of preferred electric generator structure.
The upper shed dimension D of conical shell shape cavity structure acoustic resonance cavity 105
1, under shed dimension D
2and height D
3common decision accepts the resonance frequency of sound wave; First electrode layer 101, frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 are arranged in the frustum shaped hollow of acoustic resonance cavity 105, especially the acoustic wave energy convergent point (the electromagnetic wave convergence point of similar plate-like antenna) of cavity, can be sound wave fundamental frequency convergent point, also can be sound wave frequency multiplication convergent point.The determination of fundamental frequency or other frequency multiplication convergent points needs upper shed size, the under shed size of acoustic resonance cavity 105 in basis and highly jointly determines, when the elastic membrane of the susceptance rice electrical generation components that rubs is arranged on fundamental frequency convergent point, fundamental frequency energetic portions in main response sound, be arranged on frequency multiplication convergent point, the frequency multiplication energetic portions in response sound.
Because the material of the lower surface of the first electrode layer 101 and the upper surface of frictional layer 102 exists the electrode sequence difference that rubs, namely there is receiving and losing electrons capacity variance when contacting with each other, bi-material is in the moment of phase mutual friction, and on rubbing surface, negative electrical charge is transferred to from the material surface of friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity calibration the material surface that friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity comparatively bears.When external voice acts on friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, because the part or all of structure in friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is elastic membrane, after external sound wave enters acoustic resonance cavity 105, sound wave is at frustum shape resonances cavity wall multiple reflections, when the fundamental frequency of frequency of sound wave and cavity or higher frequency match, major part sound wave forms standing wave, and converge in the side of described elastic membrane, there is acoustic pressure difference due to elastic membrane both sides, cause described the first electrode layer 101 of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components and being contacting and separating of frictional layer 102.
In friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, the difference of the electrode sequence that rubs between the frictional layer 102 that can contact with each other and the material of the first electrode layer 101 is the key producing the exportable signal of telecommunication, in the present invention, the material of preferred frictional layer 102 is insulating material, and the first electrode layer 101 lower surface or the first electrode layer 101 are all electric conducting material.As in the insulating material of frictional layer, preferred polymers insulating material.In following polymeric material frictional layer 102 all used in the present invention, and according to the order of arrangement, there is more and more stronger electronic capability: polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene.Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list several concrete polymeric material herein for people's reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of scope; because under the enlightenment of invention, those skilled in the art is easy to the material selecting other similar according to the triboelectric characteristics that these materials have.
Found through experiments, between the material and the material of the first electrode layer 101 lower surface of frictional layer 102 upper surface, obtain electronic capability differ larger, the signal of telecommunication that generator exports is stronger.So, can, according to order listed above and in conjunction with simple contrast experiment, select suitable polymeric material as frictional layer 102, to obtain best signal of telecommunication output performance.
The thickness of frictional layer 102 has no significant effect enforcement of the present invention, frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 are formed to the situation of elastic membrane, for ensureing to produce elastic vibration under acoustic wave excitation, the thickness range of elastic membrane is 0.01mm-0.1mm, is preferably 0.03mm-0.07mm.The second electrode lay 103 can make both combine by metal deposition with frictional layer 102, and the technology such as existing magnetron sputtering, evaporation and printing also can be adopted to make; Gap d is there is between frictional layer 102 and the first electrode layer 101, arranging of this distance size need ensure under acoustic wave energy excitation, frictional layer 102 and the first electrode layer 101 can contact preferably, and the span of d, at 0.3mm-1mm, is preferably 0.4mm-0.7mm.
First electrode layer 101 can be selected from conventional electric conducting material, and such as metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter etc., preferably have the metallic film material of excellent conductive capability, such as platinum film, aluminium film, golden film or copper film etc.Same, the second electrode lay 103 can adopt the film of the materials such as metal material, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter, such as platinum film, aluminium film, golden film or copper film etc.The thickness of the first electrode layer has no significant effect enforcement of the present invention, is the situation of elastic membrane for the first electrode layer, for ensureing to produce elastic vibration under acoustic wave excitation, the thickness range 0.1mm-0.5mm of elastic membrane, is preferably 0.12mm-0.2mm.
In friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, the through hole footprint area that non-elastomeric film is arranged is 0.1-0.5 with the ratio of the area of described non-elastomeric film.
In order to improve the output performance of generator, preferably at the upper surface of frictional layer 101, and/or, the lower surface of the first electrode layer 101, the all or part of micro-structural being distributed with nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension, to increase effective contact area of frictional layer and the first electrode layer, the surface charge density of both raisings.Described micro-structural is preferably nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer rods, nano flower, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic, and the array to be formed by one or more structures aforementioned, particularly by nano wire, the nano-array of nanotube or nanometer rods composition, can be pass through photoengraving, wire prepared by the methods such as plasma etching, cube, or the array of rectangular pyramid shape, in array the size of each this unit in nanometer to micron dimension, the cell size of concrete micro nano structure, shape should not limit the scope of this invention.The lower surface of the upper surface of frictional layer 101 and/or the first electrode layer 101 interspersing or the mode of coating by nano material, the micro-structural on surface can also be obtained.
In other embodiments, contact layer can also be set at the lower surface of the first electrode layer 101, the selection of contact layer material is identical with the range of choice of frictional layer 102, as long as ensure that contact layer lower surface (surface that can contact with frictional layer) exists with the material of frictional layer 102 the electrode sequence difference that rubs.When the first electrode layer 101 is elastic membrane, needing contact layer is also elastic membrane; When first electrode layer 101 arranges through hole, described through hole runs through described contact layer.Comprise in the friction susceptance rice electrical generation components of contact layer, make contacting with each other and being separated between contact layer with frictional layer by the driving of acoustic pressure, between the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103, produce electrical potential difference.Equally also at contact layer towards the surface portion of frictional layer or the micro-structural all arranging aforesaid nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension, can reach and increase the object that contact area improves the generating efficiency of generator.
Elastic membrane, the first electrode layer 101 is jointly formed for non-elastomeric film for frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103, the electrical power generators detailed process of the present embodiment is: after external sound wave enters acoustic resonance cavity 105, sound wave is at frustum shape cavity wall multiple reflections, when the fundamental frequency of frequency of sound wave and acoustic resonance cavity 105 or higher frequency match, major part sound wave forms standing wave, and converges on the first electrode layer 101.Because the first electrode layer 101 has some through holes, this convergence acoustic pressure same purpose is at frictional layer 102 and the integrally formed elastic membrane upper surface of the second electrode lay 103, simultaneously, due to frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 formed elastic membrane in addition one side (lower surface) be sealed cavity 106, it is poor to there is different acoustic pressures in the two sides therefore forming elastic membrane at frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103, and the existence of this acoustic pressure difference will make frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 produce elastic deformation; When converging acoustic pressure and being greater than cavity 106 inner acoustic pressure, frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 produce elastic deformation to cavity 106 direction, otherwise produce elastic deformation to the first electrode layer 101 direction, the elastic deformation of different directions makes the first electrode layer 101 produce contact with frictional layer 102, be separated and contact again.When dynamic first electrode layer 101 of acoustic pressure difference band and frictional layer 102 produce in separation process, because the upper opposite polarity electric charge that contacts of the first electrode layer 101 and the respective surface of frictional layer 102 exists, when occurring between bi-material to be separated, on the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103, potential difference is there is in the contact electric charge of positively charged with the electronegative electric charge that contacts, when there being applied load, this electrical potential difference will cause free electron to redistribute between the first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103, to balance this electrical potential difference, thus form the electric current by load; When acoustic pressure official post first electrode layer 101 and frictional layer 102 are replied in contact process, because the relative displacement between frictional layer 102 and the first electrode layer 101 is changed again, electrical potential difference between first electrode layer 101 and the second electrode lay 103 occurs again, the CHARGE DISTRIBUTION reaching balance is changed, and the electric charge of redistribution causes again by the electric current of applied load.When load accesses, produce contrary electrical potential difference between frictional layer 102 and the first electrode layer 101 in relative displacement increase and reduction process, therefore, the current direction in two processes is contrary.Noticeable, form standing wave acoustic pressure larger, the elastic membrane shock range that frictional layer 102 and the second electrode lay 103 are formed is larger, and the voltage of generation is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, thus carries out sound sensing while realizing collecting acoustic energy.
When first electrode layer or the first electrode layer and contact layer form the elastic membrane of the susceptance rice electrical generation components that rubs jointly, electricity generating principle is identical with above-mentioned situation.Generator of the present invention can collect acoustic energy, is changed into electric energy.The opening shape of conical shell shape acoustic resonance cavity 105 can be the shape such as square, circular or oval.
Embodiment two:
The generator utilizing acoustic energy of the present embodiment, see Fig. 2, comprise acoustic resonance cavity and at least one friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, wherein, the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204 has at least one opening 205, all friction susceptance rice electrical generation components are positioned at the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 204.Opening 205 is the gap on post shell outer wall, and gap opening is square, circular or oval etc., is beneficial to sound wave and enters in post shell acoustic resonance cavity 204 cavity.The structure of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is substantially identical with embodiment one, difference is only, first electrode layer 201 of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, the second electrode lay 203 and frictional layer 202 are not fixed with the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204, but the edge of each layer is fixed on sealed cavity 206, the material, thickness, structure etc. of each layer are all identical with embodiment one.First electrode layer 201, frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 can be planar structure (see corresponding part in Fig. 1), also can be the globoidal structure identical with acoustic resonance cavity 204 inner surface radian, see Fig. 2.Wherein, the elastic membrane lower surface of the second electrode lay 203 is the outer wall of sealed cavity 206, preferably, multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components arranges along the cylinder that acoustic resonance cavity 204 inner surface is coaxial, preferably, the elastic membrane of multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is the outer wall of the different sealing cavity 206 in acoustic resonance cavity.In the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity 204, form one or more sealed cavity 206, make the side of elastic membrane be the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, opposite side is sealed cavity, and such setting makes the structure of generator the simplest, is a kind of preferred electric generator structure.Preferably, the elastic membrane one_to_one corresponding of multiple sealed cavities 206 and multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, namely the outer wall of each sealed cavity 206 only includes the elastic membrane of a friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, and the elastic membrane of a friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is only the outer wall of a sealed cavity 206.
Acoustic resonance cavity 204 can be cylindrical shell shape, also can be prismatic shell shape.
Generator radius shown in Fig. 2 is R
1cylinder shelly acoustic resonance cavity 204 outer wall on be evenly provided with 3 gaps as opening, and corresponding generator comprises three friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, the gap of cylinder different directions is beneficial to the sound collecting different directions, and certain gap quantity decides according to different directions sound wave quantity.Therefore, the generator of the present embodiment can arrange multiple opening on the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity, equally also can arrange multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components.Preferably, the opening number that the number of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components and the outer wall of acoustic resonance cavity 204 are arranged matches, and can equally also can not wait, preferably identical.
Cavity 206 can be R for radius
2cylinder cavity, acoustic resonance cavity 204 radius R
1, cavity 206 radius R
2, gap 205 width w and open amount determine that generator accepts the resonance frequency of sound wave jointly.
The electrical power generators detailed process of the present embodiment is: when external sound wave is entered after in post shell acoustic resonance cavity 204 cavity by gap, sound wave is at cavity wall multiple reflections, when frequency of sound wave and described cavity frequency match, major part sound wave forms standing wave, and converge on the first electrode layer 201, because the first electrode layer 201 has through hole, this convergence acoustic pressure same purpose is formed on the upper surface of elastic membrane at friction material layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203, simultaneously, the other one side forming elastic membrane due to frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 103 is cavity 206, it is poor to there is different acoustic pressures in the two sides therefore forming elastic membrane at frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203, the existence of this acoustic pressure difference will make frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 produce elastic deformation.When converging acoustic pressure and being greater than cavity 206 inner acoustic pressure, frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 produce elastic deformation to cavity 206 direction, otherwise produce elastic deformation to the first electrode layer 201 direction, the elastic deformation of different directions makes the first electrode layer 201 produce contact with frictional layer 202, be separated and contact again.When dynamic first electrode layer 201 of acoustic pressure difference band and frictional layer 202 produce in separation process, because the upper opposite polarity electric charge that contacts of the first electrode layer 201 and the respective surface of frictional layer 202 exists, when occurring between bi-material to be separated, on the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode lay 203, potential difference is there is in the contact electric charge of positively charged with the electronegative electric charge that contacts, when there being applied load, this electrical potential difference will cause free electron to redistribute between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode lay 203, to balance this electrical potential difference, thus form the electric current by load; When acoustic pressure official post first electrode layer 201 and frictional layer 202 are replied in contact process, because the relative displacement between frictional layer 202 and the first electrode layer 201 is changed again, electrical potential difference between first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode lay 203 occurs again, the CHARGE DISTRIBUTION reaching balance is changed, and the electric charge of redistribution causes again by the electric current of applied load.When load accesses, produce contrary electrical potential difference between frictional layer 202 and the first electrode layer 201 in relative displacement increase and reduction process, therefore, the current direction in two processes is contrary.
Noticeable, form standing wave acoustic pressure larger, the elastic membrane shock range that frictional layer 202 and the second electrode lay 203 are formed is larger, and the voltage of generation is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, thus carries out sound sensing while realizing collecting acoustic energy.
Embodiment one is with embodiment two, and the structure of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components only lists preferred structure, and all other known structural friction susceptance rice electrification structures also can be applied in the present invention.
Embodiment three:
In embodiment one and embodiment two, form standing wave acoustic pressure larger, rub in susceptance rice electrical generation components, the elastic membrane shock range that frictional layer and the second electrode lay are formed is larger, the voltage produced is higher, and voltage is directly proportional to acoustic pressure, thus carries out sound sensing while realizing collecting acoustic energy.The size of acoustic resonance cavity, structure, opening diameter determine response sound wave frequency jointly, can by the parameter adjustment generator of adjustment acoustic resonance cavity to the response of sound frequency.The determining positions generator of friction nanometer generating parts (particularly elastic membrane) in acoustic resonance cavity absorbs the energy of fundamental frequency or frequency multiplication sound wave.Therefore, the generator of collection acoustic energy of the present invention, can carry out the response of acoustic pressure, frequency, adopts multiple transducer can also carry out the mensuration of sound source position.
In generator of the present invention, the hollow cavity of acoustic resonance cavity has the effect of converging acoustic energy, the setting of friction susceptance rice electrical generation components Elastic film, without the need to additionally arranging vibrating membrane, reduce unnecessary acoustical energy losses, improve acoustic energy utilization ratio, even if under more weak sound field conditions, also the first electrode layer in friction susceptance rice electrical generation components can be driven to produce with frictional layer and to be separated the motions such as contact, electricity can be produced without the need to providing power supply and export.
Generator of the present invention and transducer can apply talk in daily life, the collection of the sound such as noise or music and utilization and sensing.Equally, extensively can collect the acoustic energy of the environment such as road, bridge and railway, for electronics such as various detection sensings or carry out sensing to sound.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing under technical solution of the present invention ambit, the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement all can be utilized to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (23)
1. one kind utilizes the generator of acoustic energy, it is characterized in that, comprise acoustic resonance cavity and friction susceptance rice electrical generation components, wherein, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is arranged in the cavity of described acoustic resonance cavity, the elastic membrane side of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is the cavity of acoustic resonance cavity, and opposite side is sealed cavity; Described elastic membrane is vibrated under the effect of acoustic pressure difference, makes friction susceptance rice electrical generation components produce electric energy.
2. generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components comprises the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay and frictional layer, wherein,
The described lower surface of the first electrode layer and the upper surface of frictional layer are arranged face-to-face, and between described first electrode layer and frictional layer, setting space is the gap of d;
The lower surface contact of described frictional layer arranges the second electrode lay;
When described sound converges through described acoustic resonance cavity, under acoustic pressure drives, the lower surface of described first electrode layer can contact with each other with the upper surface of described frictional layer and be separated, between described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay, form electrical potential difference.
3. generator according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described first electrode layer is elastic membrane, and the entirety that described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is non-elastomeric film;
Or described first electrode layer is non-elastomeric film, the entirety that described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is elastic membrane;
Or the entirety that described first electrode layer and described the second electrode lay and frictional layer are formed is elastic membrane;
Described non-elastomeric film is provided with several through holes.
4. the generator according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that, described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is arranged on fundamental frequency convergent point or the frequency multiplication convergent point of described acoustic resonance cavity.
5. the generator according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, comprises a described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components; Described acoustic resonance cavity is conical shell shape.
6. generator according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the portion inner surface of described elastic membrane and described acoustic resonance cavity outer wall forms described sealed cavity.
7. the generator according to claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that, the opening of described acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or oval.
8. the generator according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, comprises the susceptance rice electrical generation components that to rub described at least one; Described acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly, outer wall has at least one opening.
9. generator according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the opening of described acoustic resonance cavity is square, circular or oval.
10. generator according to claim 8 or claim 9, is characterized in that, multiple described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components is along the coaxial cylinder arrangement of described acoustic resonance cavity inner surface; Described elastic membrane is the outer wall of described sealed cavity.
11. generators according to claim 10, is characterized in that, form one or more described sealed cavity in the cavity of described acoustic resonance cavity, the elastic membrane one_to_one corresponding of multiple described sealed cavity and multiple friction susceptance rice electrical generation components.
12. generators according to Claim 8 described in-11 any one, it is characterized in that, described acoustic resonance cavity is cylinder shelly or prism shelly.
13. generators according to Claim 8 described in-12 any one, is characterized in that, the opening number that the number of described friction susceptance rice electrical generation components and the outer wall of described acoustic resonance cavity are arranged matches.
14. generators as described in any one of claim 2-13, is characterized in that, the material of described first electrode layer lower surface and described frictional layer upper surface has friction electrode sequence difference.
15. generators according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, described frictional layer material is one or more in following polymers insulating material: polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, polychlorobutadiene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene.
16. generators according to any one of claim 2-15, it is characterized in that, the material of described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay is metal material, metal alloy compositions, conductive oxide or conductive organic matter.
17. generators according to any one of claim 2-16, it is characterized in that, the spacing range arranging gap between described first electrode layer and frictional layer is 0.3mm-1mm.
18. generators according to any one of claim 2-17, it is characterized in that, described frictional layer and the second electrode lay form elastic membrane, and the thickness range of described elastic membrane is 0.01mm-0.1mm.
19. generators according to any one of claim 2-18, it is characterized in that, described first electrode layer is elastic membrane, and the thickness range of described elastic membrane is 0.1mm-0.5mm.
20. generators according to any one of claim 3-19, it is characterized in that, the through hole footprint area that described non-elastomeric film is arranged is 0.1-0.5 with the ratio of the area of described non-elastomeric film.
21. generators according to any one of claim 2-20, it is characterized in that, the inner surface of described first electrode layer is provided with contact layer, and the driving of acoustic pressure makes described contact layer can contact with each other with between frictional layer and be separated.
22. generators according to any one of claim 2-21, it is characterized in that, in all or part of micro-structural being distributed with nanometer, micron or secondary micron dimension of lower surface of the upper surface of described frictional layer, the lower surface of described first electrode layer and/or described contact layer.
23. 1 kinds of sound transducers, is characterized in that, comprise the generator described in any one of claim 1-22.
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