CN103780137B - A kind of vibroswitch formula friction generator and triboelectricity method - Google Patents
A kind of vibroswitch formula friction generator and triboelectricity method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103780137B CN103780137B CN201310601281.1A CN201310601281A CN103780137B CN 103780137 B CN103780137 B CN 103780137B CN 201310601281 A CN201310601281 A CN 201310601281A CN 103780137 B CN103780137 B CN 103780137B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vibroswitch formula friction generator and triboelectricity method, this friction generator comprises: upper surface contact arranges the first frictional layer of the first electrode layer, lower surface contact arranges the second frictional layer and the vibration type switch of the second electrode lay, vibration type switch makes two electrode layers alternately form electric communication with equipotential, and the vibration of vibroswitch triggered by the mechanical movement of generator.Two frictional layers periodically contact/separation process in, two electrode layers produce to equipotential electromotive force, when two electrode layers are alternately communicated with equipotential by vibroswitch, produce alternating current.The frequency of output generator current is determined by the frequency of vibroswitch, and the vibration frequency improving vibroswitch can improve the output frequency of generator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of generator, particularly relate to friction generator and the electricity-generating method that Low-Frequency Mechanical can be converted into high frequency electrical signal.
Background technology
Friction generator is a kind of novel of recently invention is the mode of electric energy by changes mechanical energy, utilize the mutual friction between bi-material that receiving and losing electrons ability is different, generation surface charge shifts, the mechanical energy that can will extensively exist, as the kinetic energy of wave, wind energy, various moving object and physical activity as walking, run, the energy conversion of the form such as to beat is electric energy, for miniaturized electronic devices as portable equipment etc. provides power supply.But, at present, the frequency of supply that the power supply that industry and household electrical appliance are suitable for generally needs is 50-60Hz, and the output frequency of friction generator is by the control of applied external force change frequency, under the effect of low frequency external force, the electricity that cannot obtain high frequency exports, and can not meet the needs of electronic device high frequency electric source.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of utilize the friction generator of vibroswitch Low-Frequency Mechanical can be converted into high frequency electricity export generator and electricity-generating method, high frequency electric source can be provided for electronic device.
For achieving the above object, this method provides a kind of vibroswitch formula friction generator, comprising:
First frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described first frictional layer is provided with the first electrode layer;
Second frictional layer, the lower surface contact of described second frictional layer is provided with the second electrode lay;
Connector, described connector makes described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer arrange face-to-face, and described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface can be enable under external force to be contacting and separating;
Vibration type switch, described vibration type switch comprises an Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws and a trigger end, and wherein, two contact jaws are electrically connected with described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay respectively; Trigger end follows the first frictional layer and/or the first electrode layer is synchronized with the movement relative to the second frictional layer; Be separated after the lower surface of described first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of the second frictional layer, drive described trigger end to move and trigger the vibration of described Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws are alternately electrically connected with equipotential source by Elastic Oscillator, between described Elastic Oscillator and equipotential source, produce alternate electrical signal.
Preferably, described equipotential source is earth potential.
Preferably, the ultimate range that described first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer upper surface separate is greater than the distance between described two contact jaws.
Preferably, the ultimate range that described first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer upper surface separate is the half of the girth of contact surface.
Preferably, the initial vibration amplitude of described Elastic Oscillator is greater than the twice of the spacing of described two contact jaws; After nN vibration period, the decay of amplitude is less than 25%, and wherein, n is the frequency being applied to mechanical force on generator, and N is the resonance frequency of Elastic Oscillator.
Preferably, described connector is elastic construction, is connected between the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, or is connected between described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay.
Preferably, the trigger end of described vibration type switch is fixed on described first frictional layer or the first electrode layer.
Preferably, described generator also comprises first substrate, and described first electrode layer is fixed on described first substrate;
And/or described generator also comprises second substrate, described the second electrode lay is fixed on described second substrate.
Preferably, described connector is elastic construction, is connected between described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay or between described first substrate and second substrate.
Preferably, described connector is connected on described first substrate.
Preferably, the trigger end of described vibration type switch is fixed on described first substrate.
Preferably, described trigger end is made up of insulating material.
Preferably, there is friction electrode sequence difference between the material of described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface.
Preferably, described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface are insulating material, and described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene.
Preferably, the insulating material of described first frictional layer or the second frictional layer adopts metal or semi-conducting material; Described conductor is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy formed by above-mentioned metal; Described semi-conducting material is selected from SnO
2, ZnO, TiO
2, In
2o
3, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, GaN, Se, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, Si, Ge, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, PbTe, HgCdTe, PbSn, HgS, HgSe and HgTe.
Preferably, the lower surface of described first frictional layer and/or the upper surface of the second frictional layer is all or part of has the micro-structural of nanometer or micro-meter scale or interspersing or coating of nano material; Described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles and micron trenches.
Preferably, the lower surface of described first frictional layer and/or the upper surface of the second frictional layer through chemical modification, wherein,
In the easier betatopic functional group of material surface introducing that friction electrode sequence is positive relatively, or in friction electrode sequence relatively for negative material surface introduces the functional group of the electronics that is more easy to get;
Or being that positive material surface introduces positive charge in polarity, is that negative material surface introduces negative electrical charge in polarity.
Preferably, described first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are lamelliform, and thickness is 100nm-5mm.
Preferably, described first frictional layer lower surface is identical or complementary with described second frictional layer upper surface shape.
Preferably, the electric conducting material of described first electrode layer and/or the second electrode lay is selected from metal, alloy, conductive oxide or organic substance conductor; Wherein, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.
Preferably, the material selected from metal of described two contact jaws and Elastic Oscillator or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.
Preferably, described vibration type switch also comprises switch bracket, and one end, two contact jaws of Elastic Oscillator are fixed on described switch bracket.
Preferably, described first frictional layer, the first electrode layer, the second frictional layer, the second electrode lay, first substrate or second substrate are flexible material or elastomeric material.
Preferably, the setpoint distance between described two contact jaws is 2mm to 20mm.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of triboelectricity method, comprises step:
Upper surface is provided to contact the first frictional layer that the first electrode layer is set; Lower surface is provided to contact the second frictional layer that the second electrode lay is set.
There is provided vibration type switch, described vibration type switch comprises an Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws and a trigger end, and wherein, two contact jaws are electrically connected with described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay respectively; Trigger end follows the first frictional layer and/or the first electrode layer is synchronized with the movement; One end of Elastic Oscillator is electrically connected with equipotential source;
Be separated after the lower surface of described first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described second frictional layer, drive the edge of described trigger end impact resilience oscillator that Elastic Oscillator is vibrated, Elastic Oscillator alternately comes in contact with the first contact jaw and the second contact jaw, alternately exports AC signal at two between electrode layer and equipotential.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention forms electricity passage due to two electrode layers respectively by vibration type switch and equipotential source, and the quantity of electric charge of collection can be made to double.
2, vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention passes through the relative motion of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, drive the trigger end motion of vibration type switch, Elastic Oscillator is vibrated between two contact jaws, two electrode layers are alternately electrically connected with equipotential source, and the electricity that can produce high frequency under lower frequency external active force exports.
3, by the selection of vibroswitch, the electrical signal of low frequency can be regulated and controled to identical with frequency of supply, contribute to realizing the combination that triboelectricity and family expenses are powered.In addition, improve output frequency, more lasting electricity just can be provided to export, such as, during driving LED lamp, can light always.
4, vibroswitch formula friction generator structure of the present invention is simple, and preparation method is simple, and to material without particular/special requirement, the mechanical energy that wave, wind energy, plant equipment and human motion etc. can be produced is electric energy, has practical use widely.
5, vibroswitch formula friction generator can be carried out micro-, applied field or be carried out surface chemical modification on frictional layer surface, improves the electricity output characteristic of generator.
6, vibroswitch formula friction generator can be combined with full-bridge rectifier, change the ac signal of output into unidirectional pulse signal, not only can directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry as the pulse power, can also be capacitor or lithium ion cell charging, also can provide required high frequency electric source for various small-sized portable electronic device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.Reference numeral identical in whole accompanying drawing indicates identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on purport of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of connector generator when being connected to first substrate upper surface;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the first frictional layer employing electric conducting material of generator;
In Fig. 4, (a)-(h) is the operation principle schematic diagram of vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the scanning electron microscopic picture of the nanometer raised structures on the first frictional layer surface;
Fig. 6 is open circuit voltage measurement result in vibroswitch formula friction generator embodiment;
In Fig. 7, (a) and (b) is the output current curve of vibroswitch formula friction generator under 2M Ω load resistance;
Fig. 8 is the change curve of output frequency with Elastic Oscillator length of vibroswitch formula friction generator;
Fig. 9 is the change curve of output energy with load resistance of vibroswitch formula friction generator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the invention process example, the technical scheme in the invention process example is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described exemplifying embodiment is only the present invention's part exemplifying embodiment, instead of whole exemplifying embodiments.Based on the exemplifying embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other exemplifying embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Secondly, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with schematic diagram, and when describing the invention process example in detail, for ease of illustrating, described schematic diagram is example, should not limit the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention is based on and to be moved triggered vibration type switch by generator, make two electrode layers alternately form electric communication with equipotential source, produce the alternating current of high frequency, realizing the mechanical energy of low frequency is the electrical signal of high frequency.
The concrete structure of vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention is introduced in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the typical structure of vibroswitch formula friction generator, comprising: the upper surface contact of the first frictional layer 101, first frictional layer 101 arranges the first electrode layer 102; The lower surface contact of the second frictional layer 201, second frictional layer 201 is provided with the second electrode lay 202; Connector 301, makes the first frictional layer 103 and the second frictional layer 203 arrange face-to-face, and the first frictional layer 101 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface can be enable under external force to be contacting and separating.Vibration type switch, comprise an Elastic Oscillator 402, two contact jaws 403,404 and trigger end 405, wherein, two contact jaws 403 and 404 are not followed trigger end 405 and are moved, and are electrically connected respectively (being connected wire not shown in the drawings) with the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202; Trigger end 405 follows the first frictional layer 101 and/or the first electrode layer 102 is synchronized with the movement relative to the second frictional layer 201, be separated after the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 contacts with the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201, drive trigger end 405 to move and trigger Elastic Oscillator 402 to vibrate, two contact jaws 403 and 404 are alternately electrically connected with equipotential source 401 by Elastic Oscillator 402, between Elastic Oscillator 402 and equipotential source, produce alternate electrical signal.
In vibration type switch, trigger end 405 is used for triggering the vibration of Elastic Oscillator 402, and two contact jaws 403 and 404 are alternately electrically connected with equipotential source 401 by Elastic Oscillator 402.Equipotential source can be earth potential, also can be other equipotential sources, such as equipotential circuit.
Can be connected checkout equipment between Elastic Oscillator 402 with equipotential source and detect the alternating current or voltage signal that produce, the frequency of alternating current or voltage signal is determined by the vibration frequency of the Elastic Oscillator of vibration type switch.Load such as LED can be connected between the Elastic Oscillator 402 of vibration type switch and earth potential, also can be connected between the first electrode layer 102 and Elastic Oscillator 402 or between the second electrode lay 202 and Elastic Oscillator 402.
Elastic Oscillator 402, first contact jaw 403, second contact jaw 404 of vibration type switch, trigger end 405 be fixed with various ways, here be not particularly limited to, demand fulfillment two contact jaws do not follow the motion of described trigger end, trigger end 405 can trigger the vibration of Elastic Oscillator 402, and Elastic Oscillator 402 can replace come in contact with the first contact jaw 403 and the second contact jaw 404 when vibrating.In actual use, two of a vibration type switch contact jaw 403 and 404 can be fixed respectively, make generator operationally, only have trigger end 405 to follow the first electrode layer 102 in vibration type switch or the first frictional layer 101 moves relative to the second frictional layer 201, and two contact jaws 403 and 404 are relative to the second frictional layer 201 invariant position.The material of Elastic Oscillator 402 and two contact jaws 403 and 404 can be selected from metal or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.The selection of trigger end 405 material is according to the difference of trigger end fixed position; adaptability selection can be carried out; preferably when trigger end 405 contacts with Elastic Oscillator 402; first conductive layer 102 and Elastic Oscillator 402 not conducting; those skilled in the art can carry out suitable selection according to actual service condition, and the selection of concrete material should not limit protection scope of the present invention.Trigger end 405 material can select the insulating material with higher mechanical strength, such as: the inorganic material such as pottery, glass, and the organic polymer such as PTFE, PMMA.
Acting as of connector 301 makes the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 103 and the second frictional layer 203 arrange face-to-face, and under static state makes the first frictional layer 103 lower surface and the second frictional layer 203 upper surface keep certain distance; The lower surface of the first frictional layer 103 can be made to contact with each other with the upper surface of the second frictional layer 203 and be separated when being subject to External Force Acting.Therefore connector 301 can be connected between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode lay 202 (as shown in Figure 1), also can be connected between the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201, connector 301 adopts elastomeric material or elastic construction, preferably adopts insulating material.When External Force Acting is on generator time (on such as the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay), flexible connector is compressed, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 103 is contacted with the upper surface of the second frictional layer 203, when removing described external force, the elastic recovery effect due to the first connector makes the lower surface of the first frictional layer 103 be separated with the upper surface of the second frictional layer 203.
Flexible connector is preferably elastic construction, such as spring or shell fragment etc.Flexible connecting-piece structure has multiple, and can be that the arrangement of multiple spring unit is common be formed, and also can be an overall elastomeric element.
The principle of surface charge transfer is there is in vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention when make use of the frictional layer material with differentiated friction electrode sequence." friction electrode sequence " described here, refer to the sequence carried out according to the attraction degree of material to electric charge, the moment that bi-material is contacting with each other, positive charge is transferred to the material surface of friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity calibration from the material surface that friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity is comparatively born on the contact surface.Up to now, also do not have the mechanism of the explanation Charger transfer that a kind of unified theory can be complete, it is generally acknowledged, this Charger transfer is relevant with the surface work function of material, realizes Charger transfer by the transfer on the contact surface of electronics or ion.It should be noted that, friction electrode sequence is a kind of statistics based on experience, namely bi-material differs far away in the sequence, the probability that the positive negativity that after contact, institute produces electric charge and this sequence are consistent is larger, and the result of reality is subject to the impact of many factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether have Relative friction etc.If the present inventor finds that bi-material is in more close position in friction electrode sequence, after contact CHARGE DISTRIBUTION positive negativity may and do not meet the prediction of this sequence.Needing to further illustrate is that the transfer of electric charge does not need the Relative friction between bi-material, contacts with each other as long as exist, and therefore, strictly speaking, the statement of friction electrode sequence is inaccurate, but uses till today due to historical reasons always.
" triboelectric charge " described in the present invention or " contact electric charge ", refer to the material that there are differences two kinds of friction electrode sequence polarity contact and is separated afterwards its surperficial with electric charge, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, and distribution depth capacity is about 10 nanometers.Research finds, this electric charge can keep the longer time, the environmentally factor such as middle humidity, its retention time even reaches a couple of days in a few hours, and its quantity of electric charge disappeared can be supplemented by again contacting, therefore, the present inventor thinks, the electricity contacting electric charge in the present invention can be similar to thinks that maintenance is constant.It should be noted that, the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, namely may there is the aggregation zone of negative electrical charge in the some areas with the material surface just contacting electric charge, but the symbol of whole net surface charge is just.
In vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 demand fulfillment: the material of the first frictional layer 101 lower surface and the material of the second frictional layer 201 upper surface exist the electrode sequence difference that rubs.Certainly, the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer can entirety be single structure, as long as the material that can meet the surface that can contact with each other exists friction electrode sequence difference.
See Fig. 2, in other embodiments, can also comprise first substrate 103, can be fixed on first substrate 103 by the first electrode layer 102, arranging of first substrate 103 can make the first electrode layer 102 of generator be protected; Simultaneously, for the first frictional layer 101 and the thinner situation of the first electrode layer 102, the upper surface of the first electrode layer 102 is fixed on the lower surface of first substrate, first substrate can also increase the intensity of the first frictional layer, or makes the lower surface of the first frictional layer keep definite shape.Same, can also comprise second substrate 203, be fixed on second substrate by the second electrode lay 202, arranging of second substrate 203 can make the second electrode lay 202 of generator be protected; Simultaneously, for the second frictional layer 201 and the thinner situation of the second electrode lay 202, the upper surface of the second electrode lay 202 is fixed on the upper surface of second substrate, second substrate can also increase the intensity of the second frictional layer, or make the lower surface of the second frictional layer keep definite shape, can connector 301 be fixed on first substrate 103, by connector 301 drive the first frictional layer (trigger end) 101 relative to the second frictional layer 201 carry out near or away from motion.
Situation in similar Fig. 1, for the friction generator comprising first substrate 103 or second substrate 203, also can be connected between first substrate 103 and second substrate 203 by flexible connector 301,
See Fig. 2, the trigger end 405 of vibration type switch also can be fixed on first substrate 103, under external force, is followed the first frictional layer move by first substrate 103 drive.Vibration type switch can also comprise switch bracket 406, one end of Elastic Oscillator 402, two contact jaws 403 and 404 is fixed on switch bracket 406, makes two contact jaws 403 and 404 not follow trigger end 405 and move.
In other embodiments, one end of connector 301 can be connected on the upper surface of first substrate 101, the other end is connected with other devices, the motion of first substrate is controlled by the motion of other devices, shown in Figure 2, the distance of the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 is regulated by control connection part 301.
Insulating material, such as conventional high molecular polymer all has triboelectric characteristics, all can as preparation the present invention first frictional layer 101, the material of the second frictional layer 201, enumerates the macromolecule polymer material that some are conventional herein: polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, regenerated fiber sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, phenolic resins film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) film or polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon or polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride.
Relative to insulator, semiconductor and metal all have the triboelectric characteristics easily losing electronics.Therefore, semiconductor and metal also can as the raw materials of preparation first frictional layer 103 or the second frictional layer 203.Conventional semiconductor comprises: silicon, germanium; IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; IIth and the VIth compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution to be made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc., therefore the following semi-conducting material listed all can be used as the material of the first frictional layer in the present invention or the second frictional layer: SnO
2, ZnO, TiO
2, In
2o
3, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, GaN, Se, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, Si, Ge, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, PbTe, HgCdTe, PbSn, HgS, HgSe, HgTe etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have triboelectric characteristics, surface charge can be formed at friction process, therefore also frictional layer of the present invention can be used as, the such as oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO
2and Y
2o
3; Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy formed by above-mentioned metal.Certainly, other materials with conductive characteristic can also be used to serve as the frictional layer material easily losing electronics, such as indium tin oxide ITO.
Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list herein several specifically can be for reference as the material of the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of scope; because under the enlightenment of invention, those skilled in the art is easy to the material selecting other similar according to the triboelectric characteristics that these materials have.
Found through experiments, when the first frictional layer 101 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 top surface electronic capability differ larger (namely differing far away in the position in electrode sequence that rubs) time, the signal of telecommunication of generator output is stronger.So, according to actual needs, suitable material can be selected prepare the first frictional layer 101, second frictional layer 201, to obtain better output effect.There is the preferred polystyrene of material of negative polarity friction electrode sequence, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene, comprise Parylene C, Parylene N, Parylene D, Parylene HT or Parylene AF4, there is the preferred aniline-formaldehyde resin of friction electrode sequence material of positive polarity, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, copper, aluminium, gold, silver and steel.
First frictional layer or the second frictional layer can adopt electric conducting material to prepare, and can play the effect of electrode layer and frictional layer so simultaneously, and the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer replace the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay.Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the first frictional layer employing electric conducting material of generator, first frictional layer 101(or the first electrode layer) upper surface be set directly at the lower surface of first substrate 103, flexible connector 301 is fixed on the lower surface of first substrate 103 and the upper surface of second substrate 203, first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 are arranged face-to-face, and the distance between first substrate 103 and second substrate 203 can be made under external force to change, the first frictional layer 101 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface are contacting and separating.The trigger end 405 of vibroswitch is fixed on the edge of first substrate 103, and one end of Elastic Oscillator 402 is connected with earth potential.The miscellaneous part of generator and the identical of previous embodiment, no longer repeat at this.When the edge of trigger end 405 impact resilience oscillator 402, Elastic Oscillator 402 vibrates, and can alternately come in contact with the first contact jaw 403 and the second contact jaw 404, the first electrode layer 102 is alternately communicated with earth potential with the second electrode lay 202, exports alternation electrical signal.Described above is the electric generator structure that the first frictional layer adopts electric conducting material, the second frictional layer adopts non-conducting material, adopts the electric generator structure of non-conducting material, the second frictional layer employing electric conducting material similar, no longer repeat here for the first frictional layer.
In this exemplifying embodiment, except the first frictional layer or the second frictional layer need to use electric conducting material, the Material selec-tion of generator each several part and identical in Fig. 1 embodiment, here no longer repeat.Meanwhile, the first frictional layer of conduction or the second frictional layer serve the effect of the first electrode layer or the second electrode lay simultaneously.At the first frictional layer 101 of generator relative in the second frictional layer 201 reciprocating motion, the way of contact of vibration type switch, the electricity generating principle of generator are identical with foregoing teachings, no longer repeat here.
Below for the electric generator structure shown in Fig. 3, introduce the operation principle of vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention.In Fig. 4, (a)-(h) is the operation principle schematic diagram of vibroswitch formula friction generator.The conductive layer 111 being arranged on first substrate 103 lower surface is the first electrode layer is also the first frictional layer.At first, when first substrate 103 is subject to downward active force, drive the first frictional layer 111 to move towards the second frictional layer 201, when the first frictional layer/electrode layer 111 contacts with the second frictional layer 203, produce triboelectric charge on the surface of two frictional layers.Be in the position of the corrigendum of frictional series table with the material of the first frictional layer 111, the more negative position that the material of the second frictional layer 201 is in frictional series table is example.Therefore, when the first frictional layer 111 lower surface contacts with the second frictional layer 201 upper surface, the lower surface of the first frictional layer 111 produces positive contact electric charge, and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 produces negative contact electric charge.Now, because positive and negative contact electric charge is not separated in vertical direction, therefore in the position away from frictional layer contact-making surface, the electric field that positive and negative charge produces is cancelled out each other, first electrode layer 111(i.e. the first frictional layer) and the second electrode lay 202 between do not produce electrical potential difference, as shown in (a) in Fig. 4.Trigger end 405 moves together along with first substrate, and collides with Elastic Oscillator 402, makes it produce vibration.When external force is recalled, the first frictional layer 111 is separated with the second frictional layer 201, produces positive and negative potential to ground respectively poor at the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode lay 202.When Elastic Oscillator 402 contacts the first contact jaw 403, the first electrode layer 111 is communicated with the earth, and the positive charge on the first electrode layer 111 flows to the earth, produces positive current; Due to the negative potential that the negative electrical charge on the second frictional layer 201 produces, when reaching electricity balance, the first electrode layer 111 still has part positive charge, as shown in (b) in Fig. 4.When Elastic Oscillator 402 contacts the second contact jaw 404, the second electrode lay 202 is communicated with the earth, and the negative electrical charge on the second electrode lay 202 flows to the earth, produces negative current, makes the second electrode lay 202 produces positive charge; Due to the positive potential that the positive charge on the first frictional layer 111 produces, when reaching electricity balance, the quantity of electric charge of the second electrode lay 102 is less than the quantity of electric charge on the second frictional layer 201, as shown in (c) in Fig. 4.After this, along with Elastic Oscillator 402 replaces contact first contact jaw 403 and the second contact jaw 404, positive current and negative current alternately produce, after multiple-contact, reach final electricity balance, now, the quantity of electric charge on the first frictional layer 111 is zero, the quantity of the positive charge on the second electrode lay 202 is identical with the quantity of negative electrical charge on the second frictional layer 201, as shown in (d) in Fig. 4.Subsequently, when first substrate 103 is subject to downward active force, first substrate 103 moves downward, and the distance between the first frictional layer 111 and the second frictional layer 203 reduces gradually.Distance d between the first frictional layer 111 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface much larger than the second frictional layer 201 thickness d 1(second frictional layer upper and lower surface between distance) time, the potential to ground of the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode lay 202 is approximately zero, now, when Elastic Oscillator 402 contacts with 404 with two contact jaws 403, not generation current, as shown in (e) in Fig. 4.After the first frictional layer 111 contacts the second frictional layer 201, the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode lay 202 produce negative poor with positive potential to ground respectively.When Elastic Oscillator 402 contacts the first contact jaw 403, the first electrode layer 112 is communicated with the earth, produces negative current, as shown in (f) in Fig. 4.When Elastic Oscillator 402 contacts the second contact jaw 404, the second electrode lay 202 is communicated with the earth, produces positive current, as shown in (g) in Fig. 4.Along with Elastic Oscillator 402 replaces contact first contact jaw 403 and the second contact jaw 404, negative current and positive current alternately produce, and after multiple-contact, reach final electricity balance, as shown in (h) in Fig. 4.Arrive this, generator completes a generating cycle.Along with the effect of external periodic force, generator produces alternating current along the cyclic process shown in (a)-(h) in Fig. 4 and exports.
In vibroswitch formula friction generator provided by the invention, vibration type switch makes two electrode layers alternately form electric communication with equipotential, and the vibration of vibroswitch triggered by the mechanical movement of generator.Two frictional layers periodically contact/separation process in, two electrode layers produce to equipotential electromotive force, when two electrode layers are alternately communicated with equipotential by vibroswitch, produce alternating current.The frequency of output generator current is determined by the frequency of vibroswitch, and the vibration frequency improving vibroswitch can improve the output frequency of generator.
The thickness of the first frictional layer 101, second frictional layer 201 of the present invention has no special requirements, and the preferred frictional layer of the present invention is film, and thickness is 10nm-5mm, preferred 10nm-1mm, more preferably 100nm-500 μm.
Find in an experiment, the ultimate range d separated between the first frictional layer 111 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface is a half of the girth of contact surface, the output voltage of generator is substantially saturated, if the first frictional layer 111 lower surface and the second frictional layer 201 upper surface are the square surface of area equation, the length of side is A, and can contact completely under external force, and when d is 2A, the output voltage of generator is substantially saturated, therefore, ranging preferably from of d is less than 2A.When d continues to increase, raising is exported and does not significantly improve, mechanical energy can be consumed more on the contrary, and reduce output frequency.In addition, in order to ensure the stroke of the trigger end 405 of vibration type switch, d is preferably greater than the distance between two contact jaws 403 and 404.Be the rectangle of length of side 20mm for the first frictional layer lower surface, the scope of d can be 20-40mm, and the distance between two contact jaws can be 2-5mm.。The girth of the actual surf zone contacted when " girth of contact surface " described here refers to that the first frictional layer 111 lower surface contacts with each other with the second frictional layer 201 upper surface is not the girth of the first frictional layer 111 lower surface or the second frictional layer 201 upper surface.
The vibration frequency of Elastic Oscillator 402 is regulated by its length, and length is less, and the vibration frequency of oscillator is larger.Find in experiment, the length adjusting range of oscillator is preferably 5-50mm.During in order to ensure that Elastic Oscillator 402 vibrates can with two contact jaws 403 and 404 making contact, preferably, the initial vibration amplitude of Elastic Oscillator 402 is greater than the twice of the spacing of two contact jaws 403 and 404; After nN vibration period, (n is the frequency being applied to mechanical force on generator, N is the resonance frequency of Elastic Oscillator), the decay of amplitude is less than 25%, that is: after nN vibration period, the amplitude of Elastic Oscillator 402 is greater than 1.5 times of two contact jaw distances, to ensure in generator operation process, Elastic Oscillator 402 can contact with two contact jaws all the time.Preferably, the width of Elastic Oscillator 402 is 2-5mm, thickness 0.1-0.5mm.
In vibroswitch formula friction generator of the present invention, physical modification can also be carried out to the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and/or the second frictional layer 201, its part or all of surface is made to have the micro-structural of micron or sub-micrometer scale or interspersing or coating of nano material, to strengthen the contact area between the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201.Described micro-structural can be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.Be preferably and comprise at the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101, the upper surface of the second frictional layer 201 array that above-mentioned micro-, nanostructure formed.
In addition, chemical modification can also be carried out at the upper surface of the lower surface of the first frictional layer 101 and/or the second frictional layer 201, the transfer amount of electric charge at Contact can be improved further, thus improve the power output of contact charge density and generator.Chemical modification is divided into again the following two kinds type:
A kind of method is the first frictional layer for phase mutual friction and the second frictional layer, in the easier betatopic functional group of material surface introducing (namely strong to electron cloud) that friction electrode sequence is positive relatively, or in friction electrode sequence relatively for negative material surface introduces the functional group (strong electrophilic group) of the electronics that is more easy to get, the transfer amount of electric charge when contacting with each other can both be improved further, thus improve the power output of triboelectric charge density and generator.Comprise to electron cloud by force: amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.; Strong electrophilic group comprises: acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc.The introducing of functional group can the conventional method such as using plasma surface modification.The gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen such as can be made under certain power to produce plasma, thus introduce at frictional layer material surface amino.
Another method is the first friction frictional layer and the second frictional layer for phase mutual friction, is that positive material surface introduces positive charge, and is that negative material surface introduces negative electrical charge in polarity in polarity.Specifically can be realized by the mode of chemical bonding.Such as, the method for sol-gel can be utilized to modify tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) on polydimethylsiloxane frictional layer surface, and make it electronegative.Also the bond of gold-sulphur can be utilized on metallic gold thin layer to modify the golden nanometer particle of upper surface containing softex kw (CTAB), because softex kw is cation, therefore whole frictional layer can be made to become positively charged.Those skilled in the art can according to frictional layer or the receiving and losing electrons character of electrode layer material and the kind of surface chemistry key; select suitable decorative material bonded thereto; to reach object of the present invention, therefore such distortion is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Preferably, the first frictional layer 101 and the second frictional layer 201 select elastomeric material or flexible material, can increase contact area when being subject to External Force Acting.Equally, the first electrode layer 102, the second electrode lay 202, first substrate 103 or second substrate 203 can be also elastomeric material or flexible material, make generator of the present invention become a flexible device.
Although in the electric generator structure shown in accompanying drawing, the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the upper surface of the second frictional layer are plane, in reality, the lower surface of the first frictional layer and the upper surface of the second frictional layer can be curved surface or irregular relief structured surface, preferably, the lower surface of the first frictional layer is identical or complementary with the upper surface shape of the second frictional layer, make when there being external force to apply, the first frictional layer lower surface contacts completely with described second frictional layer upper surface.
The material of the first electrode layer 102, the second electrode lay 202 can select the electrode material commonly used, such as metal, alloy, conductive oxide or organic substance conductor etc., and wherein, metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium etc.; Alloy is selected from the alloy, stainless steel etc. that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.The selection of concrete electrode material is not as the factor limiting scope.In reality, those skilled in the art according to the selection of each frictional layer material, can determine the selection of respective electrode layer material and preparation method, and the selection of concrete electrode layer material is not as the condition limiting scope.Electrode layer and frictional layer can adopt the mode be directly superimposed together to be combined, and the various ways such as conducting resinl stickup also can be adopted to combine.
In the present invention, first substrate and second substrate are the parts that the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay provide support, and therefore, the Material selec-tion of first substrate and second substrate, without particular/special requirement, can be conductor, insulator or semiconductor, such as aluminium sheet or silicon chip.First substrate and second substrate can be flexible base, board also can be rigid substrate, such as rubber or glass plate.Between first electrode layer and first substrate, and fixing between the second electrode lay and second substrate can adopt the fixed forms such as conventional stickup.
For only playing support and the first substrate 103 of fixation, second substrate 203 and vibroswitch support 406 and trigger end 405, its Material selec-tion has no special requirements, and is preferably insulating material, can be selected from glass, polymethyl methacrylate, the insulating material such as polyethylene board or polyvinyl chloride.
Vibroswitch formula friction generator structure of the present invention is simple, preparation method is simple, to material without particular/special requirement, in actual use, only need simply fix and encapsulate, namely can be applicable to the mechanical energy that the motion of collecting wave, wind energy, machinery and human body etc. produces, there is practical use widely.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of triboelectricity method, comprises step:
There is provided upper surface to contact the first frictional layer that the first electrode layer is set, provide lower surface to contact the second frictional layer that the second electrode lay is set;
There is provided vibration type switch, described vibration type switch comprises an Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws and a trigger end, and wherein, two contact jaws are electrically connected with described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay respectively; Trigger end follows the first frictional layer and/or the first electrode layer is synchronized with the movement; One end of Elastic Oscillator is electrically connected with equipotential source;
Be separated after the lower surface of described first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described second frictional layer, drive the edge of described trigger end impact resilience oscillator that Elastic Oscillator is vibrated, Elastic Oscillator alternately comes in contact with the first contact jaw and the second contact jaw, alternately exports AC signal at two between electrode layer and equipotential.
By the cycle that the upper surface of the lower surface and described second frictional layer that control the first frictional layer is contacting and separating, continuous print high frequency electrical signal can be obtained.
In described triboelectricity method, the each several part of the first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay and vibration type switch, its Material selec-tion and structure can be identical with the materials and structures of each several part of aforementioned vibroswitch formula friction generator, here not in repetition.
Triboelectricity method provided by the invention, the frequency of output current is determined by the vibration frequency of the Elastic Oscillator of vibroswitch.When not changing external mechanical influence power frequency, the vibration frequency improving Elastic Oscillator can improve the output frequency of generator.Load can be connected between Elastic Oscillator and equipotential source, for load provides high frequency electrical signal.Equipotential source can selectively current potential, is connected to and realizes Elastic Oscillator between Elastic Oscillator and earth potential and be electrically connected with earthy, equipotential circuit also can be selected as equipotential source by load.
In above all examples, can pass through that micron is carried out to frictional layer surface, the structure of nanoscale is processed, material is modified to improve the contact area between two frictional layers.Below for an actual example, the preparation process of vibroswitch formula friction generator and the surface modification process of frictional layer are described.
First, the plastic resin layer of DVD CD is stripped down from CD, by the method processing first substrate 103 of laser cutting, then utilize the method for magnetron sputtering at the Al film that the lower surface evaporation of first substrate 103 is of a size of 5cm × 5cm, thickness is 100 nanometers as the first electrode layer, and utilize the first electrode layer as the first frictional layer 111 simultaneously.Fig. 5 is electronic scanner microscope (SEM) picture of the first electrode layer 111, and as shown in the figure, surface is made up of the bulge-structure be of a size of in 300-800 nanometer range.With polymethyl methacrylate PMMA for material, by method processing second substrate 203, vibroswitch support 406, the trigger end 405 of laser cutting.Then the method for magnetron sputtering is utilized at the Al film of upper surface evaporation 100 nano thickness of second substrate 203 as the second electrode lay 202.Utilize the method preparation size of spin-coating is 5cm × 5cm, thickness is 0.5mm dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) film as the second frictional layer 201 at the upper surface of the second electrode lay 202.The stainless steel thin slice of cutting strip is as Elastic Oscillator 402, utilize spherical stainless steel pearl as the first contact jaw 403 and the second contact jaw 404, two contact jaws are placed on the both sides of Elastic Oscillator, distance between two contact jaws is 5mm, and two contact jaws respectively with two electrode layers are electrically connected by wire.Two frictional layers periodically contact/separation process in, two electrode layers produce potential to ground, when two electrode layers by vibroswitch with the earth UNICOM time, produce alternating current.
Under generator is subject to the effect of external periodic force, can between the Elastic Oscillator of vibration type switch and earth potential output AC pulse signal.Below for the vibroswitch formula friction generator device prepared, show the output characteristic of vibroswitch formula friction generator.Fig. 6 is the open circuit voltage characteristic of generator, (the V of open circuit voltage over the ground of two electrode layers
oC-1and V
oC-2) there is contrary polarity and close absolute value (about 80V).In Fig. 7, (a) is generator loading multiply periodic output current curve when being 2M Ω, in Fig. 7, (b) is generator loading monocyclic output current curve when being 2M Ω, the motion frequency of generator is 2Hz.Curve shows, within a generating cycle, can export about 30 current peak, and positive current and negative current alternately occur, two equidirectional electric current peak-to-peak time intervals are 0.02s, and corresponding output current frequency is 50Hz.Fig. 8 is the relation curve between the output frequency of generator and 1/L, and wherein L is the length of Elastic Oscillator.Curve shows, output frequency linearly increases along with the increase of 1/L, and the excursion of output frequency is 25-50Hz.Fig. 9 is that generator exports the change curve of energy with load resistance in one-period, and curve shows, exports energy and slightly reduces with the reduction of load resistance.
The signal of telecommunication that the vibroswitch formula friction generator of each exemplifying embodiment of the present invention exports is the alternating-current pulse signal of telecommunication, can connect full-bridge rectifier at the output of generator (between vibroswitch and equipotential source), be the unidirectional pulse signal of telecommunication by the output signal rectification of generator.The unidirectional pulse signal of telecommunication that generator exports, not only can directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry as the pulse power, can also be used to charge to energy-storage travelling wave tube, such as capacitor or lithium ion battery etc., and the electric energy stored can be used for providing electric power for portable compact electronic equipment, be with a wide range of applications.
The above is only better exemplifying embodiment of the present invention, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing under technical solution of the present invention ambit, the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement all can be utilized to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the equivalent exemplifying embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification done above exemplifying embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (25)
1. a vibroswitch formula friction generator, is characterized in that, comprising:
First frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described first frictional layer is provided with the first electrode layer;
Second frictional layer, the lower surface contact of described second frictional layer is provided with the second electrode lay;
Connector, described connector makes described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer arrange face-to-face, and described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface can be enable under external force to be contacting and separating;
Vibration type switch, described vibration type switch comprises an Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws and a trigger end, and wherein, two contact jaws are electrically connected with described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay respectively; Trigger end follows the first frictional layer and/or the first electrode layer is synchronized with the movement relative to the second frictional layer; Be separated after the lower surface of described first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of the second frictional layer, drive described trigger end to move and trigger the vibration of described Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws are alternately electrically connected with equipotential source by Elastic Oscillator, between described Elastic Oscillator and equipotential source, produce alternate electrical signal.
2. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described equipotential source is earth potential.
3. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the ultimate range that described first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer upper surface separate is greater than the distance between described two contact jaws.
4. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the ultimate range that described first frictional layer lower surface and the second frictional layer upper surface separate is the half of the girth of contact surface.
5. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the initial vibration amplitude of described Elastic Oscillator is greater than the twice of the spacing of described two contact jaws; After nN vibration period, the decay of amplitude is less than 25%, and wherein, n is the frequency being applied to mechanical force on generator, and N is the resonance frequency of Elastic Oscillator.
6. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described connector is elastic construction, is connected between the first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, or is connected between described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay.
7. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the trigger end of described vibration type switch is fixed on described first frictional layer or the first electrode layer.
8. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described generator also comprises first substrate, and described first electrode layer is fixed on described first substrate;
And/or described generator also comprises second substrate, described the second electrode lay is fixed on described second substrate.
9. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described connector is elastic construction, is connected between described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer, between the first electrode layer and the second electrode lay or between described first substrate and second substrate.
10. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described connector is connected on described first substrate.
11. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 9 or 10, it is characterized in that, the trigger end of described vibration type switch is fixed on described first substrate.
12. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2 and any one of 9-10, it is characterized in that, described trigger end is made up of insulating material.
13. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2 and any one of 9-10, is characterized in that, there is friction electrode sequence difference between the material of described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface.
14. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described first frictional layer lower surface and described second frictional layer upper surface are insulating material, and described insulating material is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide nylon 11, polyamide nylon 66, wool and fabric thereof, silk and fabric thereof, paper, polyethylene glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and fabric thereof, polyurethane elastomer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, Styrene-Butadiene, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyisobutene, elastic polyurethane sponge, PETG, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-(2,6-dimethyl polyphenylene oxide), polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-diphenyl propane carbonic ester, PETG, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride, dimethyl silicone polymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and Parylene.
15. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 13, is characterized in that, the insulating material of described first frictional layer or the second frictional layer adopts metal or semi-conducting material; Described conductor is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy formed by above-mentioned metal; Described semi-conducting material is selected from SnO
2, ZnO, TiO
2, In
2o
3, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, GaN, Se, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, Si, Ge, PbS, InGaAs, PbSe, InSb, PbTe, HgCdTe, PbSn, HgS, HgSe and HgTe.
16. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, the lower surface of described first frictional layer and/or the upper surface of the second frictional layer is all or part of has the micro-structural of nanometer or micro-meter scale or interspersing or coating of nano material; Described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanometer rods, nanotube, nanocone, nano particle, nanometer channel, micro wire, micron bar, micron tube, micron cone, micron particles and micron trenches.
17. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, is characterized in that, the lower surface of described first frictional layer and/or the upper surface of the second frictional layer through chemical modification, wherein,
In the easier betatopic functional group of material surface introducing that friction electrode sequence is positive relatively, or in friction electrode sequence relatively for negative material surface introduces the functional group of the electronics that is more easy to get;
Or being that positive material surface introduces positive charge in polarity, is that negative material surface introduces negative electrical charge in polarity.
18. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, described first frictional layer and/or the second frictional layer are lamelliform, and thickness is 100nm-5mm.
19. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, described first frictional layer lower surface is identical or complementary with described second frictional layer upper surface shape.
20. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, the electric conducting material of described first electrode layer and/or the second electrode lay is selected from metal, alloy, conductive oxide or organic substance conductor; Wherein, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.
21. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, is characterized in that, the material selected from metal of described two contact jaws and Elastic Oscillator or alloy; Described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; Described alloy is selected from alloy, the stainless steel that gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium are formed.
22. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, described vibration type switch also comprises switch bracket, and one end, two contact jaws of Elastic Oscillator are fixed on described switch bracket.
23. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 9 or 10, it is characterized in that, described first frictional layer, the first electrode layer, the second frictional layer, the second electrode lay, first substrate or second substrate are flexible material or elastomeric material.
24. vibroswitch formula friction generator according to claim 1-2, any one of 9-10 and 14-15, it is characterized in that, the setpoint distance between described two contact jaws is 2mm to 20mm.
25. 1 kinds of triboelectricity methods, is characterized in that, comprise step:
Upper surface is provided to contact the first frictional layer that the first electrode layer is set; Lower surface is provided to contact the second frictional layer that the second electrode lay is set;
There is provided vibration type switch, described vibration type switch comprises an Elastic Oscillator, two contact jaws and a trigger end, and wherein, two contact jaws are electrically connected with described first electrode layer and the second electrode lay respectively; Trigger end follows the first frictional layer and/or the first electrode layer is synchronized with the movement; One end of Elastic Oscillator is electrically connected with equipotential source;
Be separated after the lower surface of described first frictional layer contacts with the upper surface of described second frictional layer, drive the edge of described trigger end impact resilience oscillator that Elastic Oscillator is vibrated, Elastic Oscillator alternately comes in contact with the first contact jaw and the second contact jaw, alternately exports AC signal at two between electrode layer and equipotential.
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| CN105490578B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2018-01-02 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | A kind of contact separation formula composite nano generator |
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