CN104426415A - Pulse generator, generating set, and energy harvesting device - Google Patents
Pulse generator, generating set, and energy harvesting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pulse generator, a generating set, and an energy harvesting device. The pulse generator comprises a cylindrical base body whose inner side wall is formed by four inner surfaces. The angle between two adjacent inner surfaces of the base body can change under the action of external forces. The four inner surfaces are respectively provided with an electrode layer. The upper surface of each electrode layer is provided with a friction layer in a contact manner. With the action of the external forces, the four inner surfaces drive the friction layers to contact or separate in a pairwise manner. The electrode layer which is arranged contact with the friction layer can output electric signals to external circuits. Corresponding, the invention also provides a generating set comprising a plurality of the pulse generators, and an energy harvesting device applying the generator or the generating set. The generator or the generating set is simple in structure, and can convert vibration formed by pedestrian walking, expressways, and bridges, and other mechanical energy to electric energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano generator field, particularly relating to can be impulse generator and the generating set of electric energy by changes mechanical energy.
Background technology
Vibration mechanical energy is the form of energy extensively existed, comprise the form such as vibration, the vibration of automobile through out-of-date highway, bridge and tunnel of wave, engine, and human motion as walking, run, the form such as twisting, capital produces vibration mechanical energy, although these vibration mechanical energies extensively exist, but usually out in the cold, do not have effective collect means to be used, be usually wasted.
At present, the principle that the generator that changes mechanical energy is electric energy utilizes mainly contains electrostatic induction, the piezoelectric property, electrostatic pulse generator etc. of electromagnetic induction and special material.But the electrostatic induction electricity generator invented, there is the shortcomings such as volume is large, applicability is narrow, induction generator and piezoelectric generator then ubiquity complex structure, has particular/special requirement and the more high defect of cost to material.Electrostatic pulse generator is not enough to some extent in miniaturization and lightweight, and output power density is less, can not meet the needs collected various vibration mechanical energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of simple impulse generator of structure that the vibration mechanical energy of wave, highway, bridge etc. form can be converted into electric energy, can for microelectronic device as navigation mark, road sign, warning sign etc. provide the power supply of coupling.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of impulse generator, comprising:
Cylindrical base body, the madial wall of described matrix is surrounded by four inner surfaces, and the angle between adjacent two described inner surfaces can change under external force;
Four inner surfaces are respectively arranged with successively the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay, third electrode layer and the 4th electrode layer, the upper surface contact of described first electrode layer is provided with the first frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described the second electrode lay is provided with the second frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described third electrode layer is provided with the 3rd frictional layer, and the upper surface contact of described 4th electrode layer is provided with the 4th frictional layer; Described first electrode layer, the first frictional layer, the second electrode lay and the second frictional layer form the first triboelectricity unit, and described third electrode layer, the 3rd frictional layer, the 4th electrode layer and the 4th frictional layer form the second triboelectricity unit,
Along with the effect of described external force, described four inner surfaces drive described first frictional layer upper surface and the second frictional layer upper surface to be contacting and separating, and drive described 3rd frictional layer upper surface and the 4th frictional layer upper surface to be contacting and separating; Described first triboelectricity unit and the second triboelectricity unit export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit.
Preferably, the space that the madial wall of described matrix surrounds is quadrangular, the right prism of described quadrangular to be bottom surface be rhombus.
Preferably, there is the electrode sequence difference that rubs in the material of described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer; There is electrode sequence difference in the material of described 3rd frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer.
Preferably, the material of described first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the 3rd frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer adopts insulating material.
Preferably, described insulating material is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, regenerated fiber sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, phenolic resins film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) film or polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon or polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.
Preferably, the insulating material that described first frictional layer and/or the 4th frictional layer adopt is substituted by electric conducting material, described electric conducting material is selected from the semiconductor of metal, alloy, indium tin oxide, organic substance conductor or doping, wherein, metal, the alloy being selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium and being formed by two or more material; Organic substance conductor is selected from from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
Preferably, the all or part of upper surface of described first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the 3rd frictional layer and/or the 4th frictional layer arranges the micro-structural of micron or secondary micron dimension or interspersing or coating of nano material, and described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.
Preferably, the upper surface of described first frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer has nano-pore or nanometer hole array microstructure; The upper surface of described second frictional layer and the 3rd frictional layer has the nano-wire array micro-structural perpendicular to surface.
Preferably, described cylindrical base body adopts elastomeric material.
Preferably, described cylindrical base body is formed in one the tubular of deformable structure formed;
Or cylindrical base body is connected to form deformable structure tubular by four laminated structures by the mode of stickup or grafting mutually.
Preferably, described first triboelectricity unit is in parallel with between the second triboelectricity unit or be connected in series.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of impulse generator group, comprise multiple above-mentioned impulse generator, the space that the outer surface of matrix of each described impulse generator surrounds is quadrangular, multiple described impulse generator is along stacking mutually perpendicular to cylindrical base body length direction, wherein, the grid-like framework of the mutual stacking formation generating set of the cylindrical base body of multiple described impulse generator.
Preferably, the shape and size of the cylindrical base body of each described impulse generator are all identical, and the space that described matrix four outer surfaces surround is quadrangular, and the cross section perpendicular to described quadrangular axis is rhombus.
Preferably, m × n described impulse generator arranges stacking according to the capable n of m, and the matrix with two impulse generators adjacent in a line or same row shares a sidewall.
Preferably, the output of multiple described impulse generator is in parallel or be connected in series.
Preferably, described grid-like framework is formed by the mutual grafting of multiple sheet-like substrates.
Preferably, the material of described sheet-like substrates is plastics.
Preferably, the output of multiple described impulse generator is connected in parallel, and the material of described sheet-like substrates is electric conducting material, comprises insulating material make to insulate between the sheet-like substrates of mutual grafting during grafting at the mutual splicing position of described sheet-like substrates.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of energy collecting device, comprises support, weight and above-mentioned generator or generating set, wherein,
Described generator or generating set and described support are fixedly installed; Described weight is connected with described support and can moves relative to described support, and enable described weight apply periodic external force when being subject to External Force Acting to described generator or generating set, make the matrix generation deformation of generator or the framework generation deformation of generating set, the signal of telecommunication is exported to external circuit.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, impulse generator provided by the invention, between adjacent two inner surfaces of cylindrical base body, the change of angle drives being contacting and separating of two frictional layers of triboelectricity unit, making not need between two frictional layers other syndeton of bamboo product, is the simple impulse generator of a kind of structure.And on four inner surfaces of cylindrical base body, frictional layer is set respectively, form two triboelectricity unit, two triboelectricity unit can be made under external force simultaneously to work, higher power output can be obtained.
2, nano-pore micro-structural and nano wire micro-structural are set respectively at the upper surface of two frictional layers contacted with each other, not only can increase the contact area between two frictional layers, and the triboelectrification effect of the slip intensifier pulse generator of nano wire outer wall and nano-pore inwall, hydridization contact electrification effect and triboelectrification effect, thus greatly increase the power output of impulse generator.
3, by stacking for multiple impulse generator formation impulse generator group, the mutual left-hand thread of sheet-like substrates is adopted to form cellular network lattice frames, m × n impulse generator can be integrated formation generating set, comprising 2m × n triboelectricity unit, all triboelectricity unit is in parallel, the electric current that effectively can increase impulse generator group exports, thus is electric energy by mechanical energy such as vibrations effectively.
4, adopt there is certain mechanical strength, the matrix of polymer plastic tablet as impulse generator of insulation property or the framework of generating set, not only with low cost, and the electric field influence between adjacent pulse generator can be offset.In addition, if multiple impulse generator is for being connected in parallel, sheet-like substrates can adopt electric conducting material, the electrode layer that same position place in different impulse generator in same a line or same row is arranged is connected directly between together, serve as the effect connecting wire, the quantity of the connecting line between the different impulse generators that arrange in generating set can be reduced, simplify the structure of generating set.
5, impulse generator of the present invention and generator unit structure simple, preparation method is simple, to material without particular/special requirement, the vibration mechanical energy can collecting the generations such as human body walking, wave, highway, bridge, plant equipment and human motion changes electric energy into, has practical use widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will be more clear.Reference numeral identical in whole accompanying drawing indicates identical part.Deliberately do not draw accompanying drawing by actual size equal proportion convergent-divergent, focus on purport of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the power generation process schematic diagram of impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of impulse generator group of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the sheet-like substrates structural representation that grafting forms impulse generator group;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation and the pictorial diagram that are formed impulse generator group by sheet-like substrates grafting;
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is the surface topography map arranging micro structure array decorative layer on frictional layer surface;
Fig. 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11 are respectively and comprise 1 × 1, the open circuit voltage measurement result of the generating set of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 impulse generators;
Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14 are respectively and comprise 1 × 1, the short circuit current measurement result of the generating set of 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 impulse generators;
Figure 15 and Figure 16 is the structural representation of energy collecting device of the present invention;
Figure 17 and Figure 18 is the pictorial diagram that energy collecting device of the present invention is applied on school bag.
Embodiment
In today of the microelectronic component fast development of Highgrade integration, the research of corresponding energy supply system but relatively lags behind.In order to adapt to miniaturization, portability, the demand such as multi-functional, the energy of these microelectronic components is all directly or indirectly from this traditional energy supply device of battery.And battery is owing to self being difficult to the limitation overcome, comprise larger volume and weight, limited useful life, to the potential hazard etc. of environment and human body, be difficult to adapt to the requirements such as sustainable, low cost, environmental protection.Therefore, develop the alternative energy-provision way satisfied the demands to be significant.If can change the vibration mechanical energy that human motion, wave, highway, bridge and tunnel etc. exist naturally into electric energy is electronics, the defect that conventional power source such as using battery is brought can be solved.
The invention provides a kind of simple impulse generator of the structure vibration mechanical energy that human motion, wave, highway, bridge and tunnel etc. exist naturally being converted into electric energy, the power supply of coupling can be provided for microelectronic device.The technical scheme of generator of the present invention is, the cylindrical base body adopting madial wall to be surrounded by four inner surfaces is as the supporting construction of two triboelectricity unit, when generator is subject to external periodic force effect, two of triboelectricity unit frictional layers are enable to contact with each other and be separated along with the change of angle between adjacent two inner surfaces, select the material of two frictional layers that there is friction electrode sequence difference, different the moment that frictional layer contacts with each other can by electronics or ion generation surface charge transfer, frictional layer rear triboelectricity unit disconnected from each other can export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit.And by being integrated by multiple generator, form the generating set with the matrix of honeycomb fashion keel frame structure, higher generator can be obtained and export.
The principle of surface charge transfer is there is in impulse generator of the present invention when make use of the frictional layer material with differentiated friction electrode sequence." friction electrode sequence " described in the present invention, refer to the sequence carried out according to the attraction degree of material to electric charge, the moment that bi-material is contacting with each other, positive charge is transferred to the material surface of friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity calibration from the material surface that friction electrode sequence Semi-polarity is comparatively born on the contact surface.Up to now, also do not have the mechanism of the explanation Charger transfer that a kind of unified theory can be complete, it is generally acknowledged, this Charger transfer is relevant with the surface work function of material, realizes Charger transfer by the transfer on the contact surface of electronics or ion.It should be noted that, friction electrode sequence is a kind of statistics based on experience, namely bi-material differs far away in the sequence, the probability that the positive negativity that after contact, institute produces electric charge and this sequence are consistent is larger, and the result of reality is subject to the impact of many factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and whether have Relative friction etc.If the present inventor finds that bi-material is in more close position in friction electrode sequence, after contact CHARGE DISTRIBUTION positive negativity may and do not meet the prediction of this sequence.Needing to further illustrate is that the transfer of electric charge does not need the Relative friction between bi-material, contacts with each other as long as exist, and therefore, strictly speaking, the statement of friction electrode sequence is inaccurate, but uses till today due to historical reasons always.
" contact electric charge " described in the present invention, refer to the material that there are differences two kinds of friction electrode sequence polarity contact and is separated afterwards its surperficial with electric charge, it is generally acknowledged, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, and distribution depth capacity is only about 10 nanometers.Research finds, this electric charge can keep the longer time, the environmentally factor such as middle humidity, its retention time even reaches a couple of days in a few hours, and its quantity of electric charge disappeared can be supplemented by again contacting, therefore, the present inventor thinks, the electricity contacting electric charge in the present invention can be similar to thinks that maintenance is constant.It should be noted that, the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, namely may there is the aggregation zone of negative electrical charge in the some areas with the material surface just contacting electric charge, but the symbol of whole net surface charge is just.
The embodiment of impulse generator of the present invention is introduced in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section of impulse generator typical structure of the present invention, and impulse generator comprises cylindrical base body 100, and the madial wall of described matrix 100 is surrounded by four inner surfaces, and the angle between adjacent two described inner surfaces can change under external force; Four inner surfaces are respectively arranged with successively the first electrode layer 10, the second electrode lay 20, third electrode layer 30 and the 4th electrode layer 40, the upper surface contact of the first electrode layer 10 is provided with the first frictional layer 11, the upper surface contact of the second electrode lay 20 is provided with the second frictional layer 21, the upper surface of third electrode layer 30 contacts the upper surface contact being provided with the 3rd frictional layer the 31, four electrode layer 40 and is provided with the 4th frictional layer 41; Wherein, first electrode layer 10, first frictional layer 11, the second electrode lay 20 and the second frictional layer 21 form the first triboelectricity unit A1, and third electrode layer 30, the 3rd frictional layer 31, the 4th electrode layer 40 and the 4th frictional layer 41 form the second triboelectricity unit A2.Along with the effect of described external force, four inner surfaces drive the first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface to be contacting and separating, and drive the 3rd frictional layer 31 upper surface and the 4th frictional layer 41 upper surface to be contacting and separating; First triboelectricity unit A1 and the second triboelectricity unit A2 exports the signal of telecommunication to external circuit.Fig. 2 is that impulse generator is subject to External Force Acting, first frictional layer 11 upper surface contacts with the second frictional layer 21 upper surface, meanwhile, and schematic diagram when the 3rd frictional layer 31 upper surface contacts with the 4th frictional layer 41 upper surface, when removing described external force, the structure recovery of impulse generator is to shown in Fig. 1.
Cylindrical base body 100 is critical components of friction generator work of the present invention, its typical structure is the cylindrical base body that madial wall is surrounded by four inner surfaces, the space that matrix medial surface surrounds is quadrangular, preferably, the right prism of described quadrangular to be bottom surface be rhombus, such as, by four identical dull and stereotyped end to end tubulars surrounded of strip.In order to meet matrix adjacent two inner surfaces between angle can change under external force, matrix can adopt elastomeric material to prepare, the variable angle made between adjacent two inner surfaces can be out of shape under described External Force Acting, make the frictional layer being attached to adjacent two inner surfaces can contact with each other under external periodic force effect and be separated.Matrix can be formed in one the tubular of deformable structure formed, also can for by four laminated structures by paste or the mode such as mutual grafting is connected to form deformable structure tubular.Preferred, described matrix adopts elastomeric material, and can restore to the original state when removing external force after deforming under external force, the material of such as matrix is elastoplast.
The inner surface of matrix is provided with multiple electrode layer, and therefore, the material of the material of matrix, particularly base inner surface is preferably insulating material, such as, can be the conducting base that plastics or inner surface are attached with insulating barrier.
Generator in Fig. 1, be equivalent on the inner surface of cylindrical base body, be provided with two triboelectricity unit, wherein, first electrode layer 10, first frictional layer 11, the second electrode lay 20 and the second frictional layer 21 are formed shown in the first triboelectricity unit A1(dotted line frame), under two adjacent inner surface of matrix drive, the upper surface of the first frictional layer 11 and the upper surface of the second frictional layer 21 can be contacting and separating; Third electrode layer 30, the 3rd frictional layer 31, the 4th electrode layer 40 and the 4th frictional layer 41 are formed shown in the second triboelectricity unit A2(dotted line frame), under two other adjacent inner surface of matrix drives, the upper surface of the 3rd frictional layer 31 and the upper surface of the 4th frictional layer 41 can be contacting and separating; When external periodic force acts in friction generator of the present invention, alternately there is the state in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in impulse generator, between first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 21, between the 3rd frictional layer 31 and the 4th frictional layer 41, there is the electrode sequence difference that rubs, between the first electrode layer 10 and the second electrode lay 20 and or the signal of telecommunication can be exported to external circuit between third electrode layer 30 and the 4th electrode layer 40.Parallel connection can be carried out, to improve the power output of impulse generator between first friction nanometer power generator and the second friction nanometer power generator.
In generator of the present invention, the Material selec-tion of the first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the 3rd frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer, as long as meet: the first frictional layer material and the second frictional layer material exist the electrode sequence difference that rubs, and the 3rd frictional layer material and the 4th frictional layer material exist the electrode sequence difference that rubs.Here it should be noted that, the upper surface of the frictional layer mentioned in the present invention refers to the surface of the electrode layer that frictional layer is in direct contact with it dorsad, it is not the upper surface in strict spatial sense, also the surface that namely two frictional layers can contact with each other is called the upper surface of each frictional layer, and the surface that such as the first frictional layer 11 contacts with the second frictional layer 21 is called the upper surface of the first frictional layer.
Insulating material, such as conventional high molecular polymer all has triboelectric characteristics, all can as preparation the present invention four frictional layers (11, 21, 31 and 41) material, enumerates the macromolecule polymer material that some are conventional herein: polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, regenerated fiber sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, phenolic resins film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) film or polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon or polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.Reason as space is limited; can not carry out exhaustive to all possible material; only list several concrete polymeric material herein for reference; but obviously these concrete materials can not become the restrictive factor of scope; because under enlightenment of the present invention, those skilled in the art is easy to the material selecting other similar according to the triboelectric characteristics that these materials have.
Relative to insulator, semiconductor and metal all have the triboelectric characteristics easily losing electronics, in the list of friction electrode sequence, be often positioned at end place.Therefore, semiconductor and metal also can replace insulator as the raw material of preparation first frictional layer 11 or the second frictional layer 21, and the raw material of the 3rd frictional layer 31 or the 4th frictional layer 41.Conventional semiconductor comprises: silicon, germanium; IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.; IIth and the VIth compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.; And the solid solution to be made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc.Except above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also have amorphous glass semiconductor, organic semiconductor etc.Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have triboelectric characteristics, surface charge can be formed at friction process, therefore also frictional layer of the present invention can be used as, the such as oxide of manganese, chromium, iron, copper, also comprises silica, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, BiO2 and Y2O3; Conventional metal comprises gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy formed by above-mentioned metal.Certainly, other materials with conductive characteristic can also be used to serve as the frictional layer material easily losing electronics, such as indium tin oxide ITO.
Found through experiments, when the first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 21(or the 3rd frictional layer 31 and the 4th frictional layer 41) material electronic capability when differing larger (namely differing far away in the position in electrode sequence that rubs), the signal of telecommunication that the first triboelectricity unit (or second triboelectricity unit) exports is stronger.So, can according to actual needs, select suitable material to prepare four frictional layers to obtain better output effect.
In two frictional layers that can contact with each other, the insulating material of a frictional layer can be substituted by electric conducting material, such as, in the first triboelectricity unit, first frictional layer adopts electric conducting material, the material of the first electrode layer can be substituted with the first frictional layer, the structure of the first triboelectricity unit can be simplified; Equally, in the second triboelectricity unit, the 4th frictional layer adopts electric conducting material, can substitute the material of the 4th electrode layer, can simplify the structure of the second triboelectricity unit with the 4th frictional layer.Below for the impulse generator of this structure, by reference to the accompanying drawings, the operation principle of impulse generator is introduced.
Fig. 3 is the course of work schematic diagram of impulse generator of the present invention, and the second triboelectricity unit is identical with the power generation process of the first triboelectricity unit, only introduces the power generation process of the first triboelectricity unit here.First frictional layer 11(is also the first electrode layer) and the second frictional layer 21 are 2 kinds of materials that there are friction electrode sequence differences, in an initial condition, because two adjacent inner surface angle theta of cylindrical base body are less, first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface are contacted with each other, so there is surface charge transfer when contacting, form layer of surface contact electric charge (see (a) figure in Fig. 2).Because the first frictional layer 11 is different with the position of material in friction electrode sequence of the second frictional layer 21, second frictional layer 21 upper surface produces negative electrical charge, and the first frictional layer 11 upper surface produces positive charge, the electricity size of two kinds of electric charges is identical, therefore at the first frictional layer 11(i.e. the first electrode layer) and the second electrode lay 20 between there is no electrical potential difference, just there is no flow of charge yet.Once be subject to External Force Acting, the angle between adjacent two inner surfaces of cylindrical base body increases, and drives the angle between the first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 21 to increase to θ gradually
1the bottom surface of the right prism that inner surface is surrounded is rhombus, now the first frictional layer 11 has clean surplus positive charge, and the entirety that the second electrode lay 20 and the second frictional layer 21 are formed has clean surplus negative electrical charge, therefore at the first frictional layer 11(i.e. the first electrode layer) and the second electrode lay 20 between create electrical potential difference.For balancing this electrical potential difference, electronics flows into the first frictional layer 11 by external wire by the second electrode lay 20, thus produce by the instant pulse current (see Fig. 3 in (b) figure) of the first frictional layer to the second electrode lay at external circuit, the angle theta between the first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 21 reaches maximum θ
2time, the electric charge of the two all reaches balance, between the first frictional layer 11 and the second electrode lay 20, do not have electrical potential difference, does not also just have electric current to produce (in see Fig. 3 (c) figure) at external circuit.When angle between two inner surfaces of cylindrical base body is contracted to again, angle theta between first frictional layer 11 and the second frictional layer 21 reduces again gradually, due to the first frictional layer 11 and the pitch smaller of the second electrode lay 20, the negative electrical charge on the second frictional layer 21 surface strengthens the repulsive interaction of negative electrical charge in the first frictional layer 11, the positive charge on the first frictional layer 11 surface also strengthens the sucking action of negative electrical charge in the second electrode lay 20 simultaneously, causes the electrical potential difference between the first frictional layer 11 and the second electrode lay 104 to reduce thus.For balancing this electrical potential difference further, electronics flows into the second electrode lay 20 by external circuit by the first frictional layer 11, thus produces the instant pulse current (see Fig. 3 in (d) figure) contrary with first time direction at external circuit.When the angle of adjacent two inner surfaces of matrix is minimum, after the first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface are come in contact, repeat the situation of a-d step above.As can be seen here, when external force (effect of vibration) acts on impulse generator, the variable angle of adjacent two inner surfaces of matrix can be impelled, thus make two processes that are constantly contacting and separating of the first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface, produce the contrary pulse current in direction respectively, realize at the first frictional layer 11(i.e. the first electrode layer) and the second electrode lay 21 between pulse generating.The electrode layer of two triboelectricity unit can be carried out parallel connection or series connection, particularly be connected in parallel the output current that can strengthen whole impulse generator, can the power output of amplification generator.
In impulse generator of the present invention, first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface (or the 3rd frictional layer 31 upper surface and the 4th frictional layer 41 upper surface) separate completely after can contact completely, also can separate after part contact, namely along with the change of angle between matrix adjacent inner surface, the contact area of the first frictional layer 11 upper surface and the second frictional layer 21 upper surface (or the 3rd frictional layer 31 upper surface and the 4th frictional layer 41 upper surface) is made to occur constantly to change.
In impulse generator of the present invention, the thickness of four frictional layers has no special requirements, and is preferably 0.01-0.8 millimeter in the present invention.
In generator of the present invention, the material of frictional layer can select rigid or flexible material, preferred flexible material as the material of frictional layer, with improve two frictional layers upper surface contact time contact area.Physical modification can also be carried out to frictional layer upper surface, make its all or part of upper surface have the micro-structural of micron or secondary micron dimension or interspersing or coating of nano material, contact area when contacting with the upper surface improving two frictional layers.Described micro-structural can be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.Be preferably all or part of array comprising above-mentioned micro-structural and formed of the upper surface at the first frictional layer 11, second frictional layer 21, the 3rd frictional layer 31 and the 4th frictional layer.Preferably, the height of described micro structure array or the degree of depth are 200 nanometers to 2 micron.
Preferably, the upper surface that the upper surface of the first frictional layer 11 and the 4th frictional layer 41 has the micro-structural of nano-pore or nanometer hole array, the second frictional layer 21 and the 3rd frictional layer 31 has the nano-wire array micro-structural perpendicular to surface, contact area when being subject to External Force Acting can be increased, simultaneously the friction of nano-pore inner surface and nano wire can the contact electrification effect of hydridization generator and triboelectrification effect, can improve the power output of impulse generator further.Preferably, the first frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer adopt conductor material as aluminium, copper, nickel etc., have nano-pore or nanometer hole array at the upper surface of described conductor material.Can prepare nano-pore or nanometer hole array by methods such as electrochemical anodic oxidations on metal material top layer, can be the nano-wire array of surface preparation perpendicular to organic substance surface of frictional layer at organic substance by methods such as plasma etchings.
In impulse generator of the present invention, the material of four electrode layers 10,20,30 and 40 can select the electric conducting material commonly used, described electric conducting material can be selected from the semiconductor of metal, alloy, indium tin oxide, organic substance conductor or doping, electrode layer 20 can be flat board, thin slice or film, wherein the range of choices of film thickness is 10nm-5mm, the selection of concrete electrode layer material is not as the factor limiting scope, the material that this area is commonly used is: metal, is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium; The alloy formed by two or more material in gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium and selenium; Conductive oxide, such as tin indium oxide ITO; Organic substance conductor is generally conducting polymer, is selected from from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.In reality, those skilled in the art can according to the selection of each frictional layer material, determine the selection of respective electrode layer material and preparation method, such as directly the usual manner such as laminating or deposition arranges electrode layer at the lower surface of frictional layer material, forms close contact to guarantee the excellent electric contact of electrode layer and corresponding frictional layer (such as the first electrode layer 10 and the first frictional layer 11).The selection of concrete electrode layer material is not as the condition limiting scope.Fixing between four electrode layers and matrix 100 inner surface, can adopt material to paste fixing mode, and the mode preparing electrode layer at the inner surface of matrix 100 also can be adopted to arrange.Preferably, each electrode layer is close with the shape contacting the frictional layer arranged or identical, and the lower surface of best frictional layer contacts with electrode layer completely, and the thickness of the two can be identical or different.Electrode layer 20 is by directly laminating or the usual manner such as deposition are fitted in the lower surface of frictional layer 10.The common method of preparation electrode layer material comprises magnetron sputtering, evaporation and printing technology etc.
Impulse generator structure of the present invention is simple, preparation method is simple, to material without particular/special requirement, in actual use, only need simply fix and encapsulate, namely can be applicable to human motion, collect the vibration mechanical energy of the generations such as wave, highway, bridge, plant equipment, there is practical use widely.
Embodiment two:
In embodiment one, the basic structure of impulse generator is be attached with two triboelectricity unit at the inner surface of cylindrical base body, drives the frictional layer of two triboelectricity unit to be contacting and separating by the change of base inner surface angle, is electric energy by mechanical energy.The space surrounded for the madial wall of cylindrical base body is right prism, the bottom surface of right prism is the impulse generator of rhombus, impulse generator in multiple embodiment one can be carried out be integrated into impulse generator group, impulse generator adjacent in described impulse generator group can a sidewall of matrix in common generator, under external force, there is deformation in the matrix of all friction generator in generating set, export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit simultaneously.Be connected in parallel between all impulse generators, triboelectricity unit can obtain higher power output.
In the present embodiment, the typical structure of impulse generator group is see Fig. 4, comprise impulse generator M1, M2, the M3 in multiple embodiment one ... each impulse generator comprises cylindrical base body, the space that the outer surface of cylindrical base body surrounds is quadrangular, multiple impulse generator is along perpendicular to the mutual stacking formation generating set of cylindrical base body length direction, the grid-like framework of the mutual stacking formation generating set of cylindrical base body of multiple like this impulse generator, the similar honeycomb of this grid-like framework.Preferably, the shape and size of the cylindrical base body outer surface of each described impulse generator are all identical, and especially, the space that described matrix four outer surfaces surround is quadrangular, and the cross section perpendicular to this quadrangular axis is rhombus.The cylindrical base body of this spline structure is the cylindrical base body be made up of four tabular sidewalls.Can carry out between adjacent impulse generator pasting etc. and fix, when triboelectricity unit is subject to External Force Acting, the matrix of multiple impulse generator can deform simultaneously, for impulse generator M1, make to be arranged on the first frictional layer 11 of impulse generator M1 inner surface and the second frictional layer 21 can be contacting and separating the generation signal of telecommunication, therefore, multiple impulse generator can export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit simultaneously.
Preferably, the output of multiple impulse generator is carried out parallel connection or is connected in series, the power output of impulse generator group can be improved.
In order to simplify the structure of impulse generator group further, the impulse generator that the size and dimension of matrix is all identical can be selected, multiple (m × n) impulse generator arranges stacking according to the capable n of m, the matrix of two impulse generators adjacent in same a line or same row can be made like this to share a sidewall, as in Fig. 4, impulse generator M1 and M2 shares a sidewall of impulse generator M1 matrix, namely be all provided with a frictional layer at the surfaces externally and internally of the sidewall shared, belong to respectively in impulse generator M1 and M2.
The framework of impulse generator group provided by the invention, can adopt and the matrix of multiple impulse generator is directly carried out stacking fixing mode be formed, the mode that the mutual grafting of multiple sheet-like substrates also can be adopted to form grid-like framework forms the framework of generating set, the impulse generator group of such formation, comprise m × n impulse generator, wherein m and n is natural number, and as m=n=1,2 or 3, impulse generator group comprises 2m × n triboelectricity unit.See Fig. 5, according to the size of the impulse generator group preset, and the size of the impulse generator comprised and number, 2 × 2 generators are comprised for generating set, choose the sheet-like substrates of 6 appropriate length L and width W, according to the size of impulse generator, sheet-like substrates alongst makes three otch C1, C2 and C3, incision length is the half of substrate width W, sees (b) figure in Fig. 5.Six substrates are divided into two groups, then prepare the first frictional layer two the first electrode layers and the first electrode layer contacting setting at the upper surface of three sheet-like substrates of first group, lower surface prepares third electrode layer and the 3rd frictional layer third electrode layer contacting setting; Prepare the second frictional layer two the second electrode lays and the second electrode lay contacting setting at the upper surface of three sheet-like substrates of second group, lower surface prepares two the 4th electrode layers and the 4th frictional layer the 4th electrode layer contacting setting.By arranged in parallel for first group three substrates, three substrates of second group are also arranged in parallel, the mutual left-hand thread of otch of first group of substrate and second group of substrate, form the graphics of the latticed triboelectricity unit of 2 × 2 of (b) figure in Fig. 6 and actual figure, the structure that four substrates surround forms an impulse generator, and this generating set comprises the impulse generator in 2 × 2 embodiments one.
Equally, in Fig. 5, (a) figure and Fig. 6 (a) figure also show graphics and the reality figure that impulse generator group comprises 1 impulse generator, and in Fig. 5, (c) figure and Fig. 6 (c) figure also show graphics and the reality figure that impulse generator group comprises 3 × 3 impulse generators.Obviously, the framework comprising the impulse generator group of m × n impulse generator is formed by the grafting of m+n+2 sheet substrate, adopts the impulse generator group that can obtain in this way and comprise any m × n impulse generator.Here m and n is natural number, can be equal, also can not wait.
Adopt the method for similar Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 that multiple substrates grafting is formed impulse generator framing, the space that the lateral surface of whole generating set surrounds is still quadrangular, the rib relative along two of quadrangular applies external force or vibration, impulse generator group is out of shape, the triboelectricity unit in m × n impulse generator can be made simultaneously to work, the signal of telecommunication is exported to external circuit.
The sheet-like substrates forming the matrix of impulse generator group of the present invention should select to have the material of certain elasticity and mechanical strength, is preferably flexible insulating material, as polymer plastic tablet etc.The thickness of sheet-like substrates has no special requirements, and is preferably 100-5000 micron.
In other embodiments of the invention, when multiple impulse generator is carried out parallel connection, the material of sheet-like substrates also can select electric conducting material, such as Cu sheet, Al sheet etc., when multiple such conductive sheet substrate is carried out grafting, insulating material such as plastics, rubber etc. can be set at splicing position, make to realize insulation between the sheet-like substrates of mutual grafting.The electrode layer that same position place in different impulse generator in same a line or same row is arranged is connected directly between together by such sheet-like substrates, serve as the effect connecting wire simultaneously, the quantity of the connecting line between the different impulse generators that arrange in generating set can be saved, simplify the structure of generating set.
Here the structure of an impulse generator group is specifically introduced.See Fig. 7, the first frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer (i.e. the first electrode layer and the 4th electrode layer) adopt finishing to be that the aluminium of nano-pore is thin.See Fig. 8, the second frictional layer and the 3rd frictional layer adopt finishing to have the PTFE film material of nano-array, and its thickness is 25-50 micron, at the another side plated with copper film of PTFE film material as the second electrode lay and third electrode layer.Take thickness as the macromolecule PET sheet of 500-1000 micron be backing material, arranging finishing in the lower surface contact of high score material PET is that the aluminium of nano-pore is thin; At the upper surface of high score material PET, Cu film is set as second and third electrode layer, Cu film arranges the polytetrafluoroethylene film that finishing has nano-array, wherein, the thickness of polytetrafluoroethylene film is about 50 microns, and the height of nano wire is about 1.5 microns.8 above-mentioned PFT sheet grafting prepared are formed the impulse generator group with cellular network lattice frames shown in Fig. 4.
If generating set comprises 10 × 10 impulse generators, then the triboelectricity unit number comprised reaches 200, will increase the output current of generating set significantly.See Fig. 6, the size of each impulse generator is set to 5 cm x 5 centimetres, effective contact area is 4.6 cm x 4.6 centimetres, can ensure the contact area of two frictional layers and the amount of surface charge in each triboelectricity unit.
In the impulse generator of embodiment one and embodiment two, the output signal of telecommunication of impulse generator group is the alternating-current pulse signal of telecommunication, not only can directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry as the pulse power, can also be used to charge to energy-storage travelling wave tube, such as capacitor or lithium ion battery etc., and the electric energy stored can be used for providing electric power for portable compact electronic equipment, be with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment three:
The output signal of telecommunication of the present embodiment to the impulse generator group in embodiment two is measured, and the output of wherein all impulse generators is in parallel.
Under the effect of external periodic force, the measurement of open circuit voltage and short circuit current has been carried out to the honeycomb fashion impulse generator group of Fig. 6 in the present embodiment two, result is respectively as shown in Fig. 9-11 and Figure 12-14, Fig. 9-11 is the open circuit voltage measurement result of honeycomb fashion impulse generator group under external periodic force effect, and Figure 12-14 is the short circuit current measurement result of honeycomb fashion impulse generator group under external periodic force effect.Can see from experimental result, the open circuit voltage of impulse generator group is almost constant with the increase of impulse generator number, and short circuit current maximum increases along with impulse generator number and significantly increases, and maximum reaches 1395 microamperes.
Find in the research process of inventor, at the generator of various embodiments of the present invention or generating set in the middle of real work, the resistance value of applied load has a great impact real output.Along with the increase of load resistor value, the voltage at load two ends increases, and is reduced by the electric current of load, and real output first increases and then decreases, and there is maximum.The present inventor finds through many experiments, and the resistance value corresponding to power output maximum is in megaohm magnitude, and therefore, the present invention can at utmost play its effect when the resistance value of load is megaohm magnitude.It should be noted that, " power output " used herein, refer to the product of the maximum of pulse current and the maximum in the pulse voltage of load two ends formation, namely instantaneous pole is high-power.
The power output of generator of the present invention is except being subject to outside environmental elements, the size of involving vibrations frequency, outside the impact such as the resistance value of applied load, also be subject to the Design and manufacture of impulse generator or generating set itself, comprise the selection of frictional layer and electrode layer material, and the size of each several part, and the impact of the physics and chemistry character of frictional layer material surface etc.
The signal of telecommunication that the generator of various embodiments of the present invention exports is the alternating-current pulse signal of telecommunication, and can connect full-bridge rectifier at the output of generator, be the DC pulse signal of telecommunication by the output signal rectification of generator.The pulse electrical signal that generator exports, not only can directly apply to the fields such as electrochemistry as the pulse power, can also be used to charge to energy-storage travelling wave tube, such as capacitor or lithium ion battery etc., and the electric energy stored can be used for providing electric power for portable compact electronic equipment, be with a wide range of applications.
Embodiment four:
The generator that embodiment one and embodiment two provide and generating set, can collect the vibration mechanical energy that human motion, wave, highway, bridge, plant equipment etc. produce.
In the present embodiment, a kind of energy collecting device comprising the generator of embodiment one or the generating set of embodiment two is provided, this device typical structure is shown in Figure 15, comprise the generator of embodiment one or the generating set 1 of embodiment two, support 2 and weight 3, wherein, generator or generating set 1 are fixedly installed with support 2, weight 3 is connected with support 2 and can moves relative to support 2, and enable weight apply periodic external force when being subject to External Force Acting to generator or generating set, make the matrix generation deformation of generator or the framework generation deformation of generating set, the signal of telecommunication is exported to external circuit.
In the present invention, support 2 is the elements for weight 3 provides support, make energy collecting device when being subject to external force as effect of vibration, weight 3 can relative to support 2 reciprocating motion under self gravitation effect, and to the effect of the periodic applying power of generator or generating set 1, making the angle of two of impulse generator matrix adjacent inner surface periodically change and externally export the signal of telecommunication, is electric energy by mechanical energy.Material, the shape and size of support 2 and weight 3 are not particularly limited, and weight 3 can be the structures such as spherical, tabular, and the material of employing can be glass, organic substance etc.; The shape of support 2 can be frame form, also can for the housing closed generator or generating set 1 and weight 3 surrounded completely.The connection of weight 3 and support 2, can two kinds of modes be passed through, see Figure 15, by Flexible Connector 4, weight 3 is fixed on support 2 and make weight 3 can do rectilinear motion at vertical direction relative to support 2, the length of Flexible Connector 4 can change, and can be one or more spring.Also the mode in Figure 16 can be adopted, by flexible connecting member 5, weight 3 is suspended on support 2, weight can be swung in any direction, when energy collecting device waves, weight 3 swings under gravity, periodically collide generator or generating set 1, flexible connecting member 5 can be steel wire, nylon rope etc.
The energy collecting device that the present embodiment provides can be arranged on vibration mechanical energy knapsack etc. applied to when collecting human body walking, as shown in figure 17, support 2 and weight 3 are the acrylic resin plastic sheet preparation of 6 centimetres with thickness, impulse generator 1 in embodiment one is fixed on the bottom of support 2, be the top that weight 3 to be connected to support by the spring 4 of 585.68N/kg with four stiffness factors, weight is made to be positioned at directly over impulse generator 1, be combined into the energy collecting device being of a size of 5 cm x 7.5 cm x 20 centimetres, its weight only has 400 grams.When energy collecting device is subject to the effect such as vibration, the matrix of impulse generator 1 can compress at self gravitation moved downward by weight 3, then move upward under the action of the spring and leave the matrix of impulse generator 1, move and so forth, make impulse generator 1 export the signal of telecommunication.The features such as this energy collecting device structure is simple, has with low cost, practical.When school bag uses this energy collecting device, can also increase connecting rod 6 on weight 3, the upper end of connecting rod 6 is connected on weight, and lower end is connected on school bag through support, and the braces of school bag is connected on support 2, see Figure 18.Carry and comprise in the school bag walking process of this energy collecting device, the vibrational energy produced in the process of walking can be collected.School bag bears a heavy burden 2 kilograms, and lighted 40 business LED, its transformation efficiency is up to 10.63%.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention.Any those of ordinary skill in the art, do not departing under technical solution of the present invention ambit, the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement all can be utilized to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (19)
1. an impulse generator, is characterized in that, comprising:
Cylindrical base body, the madial wall of described matrix is surrounded by four inner surfaces, and the angle between adjacent two described inner surfaces can change under external force;
Four inner surfaces are respectively arranged with successively the first electrode layer, the second electrode lay, third electrode layer and the 4th electrode layer, the upper surface contact of described first electrode layer is provided with the first frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described the second electrode lay is provided with the second frictional layer, the upper surface contact of described third electrode layer is provided with the 3rd frictional layer, and the upper surface contact of described 4th electrode layer is provided with the 4th frictional layer; Described first electrode layer, the first frictional layer, the second electrode lay and the second frictional layer form the first triboelectricity unit, and described third electrode layer, the 3rd frictional layer, the 4th electrode layer and the 4th frictional layer form the second triboelectricity unit;
Along with the effect of described external force, described four inner surfaces drive described first frictional layer upper surface and the second frictional layer upper surface to be contacting and separating, and drive described 3rd frictional layer upper surface and the 4th frictional layer upper surface to be contacting and separating; Described first triboelectricity unit and the second triboelectricity unit export the signal of telecommunication to external circuit.
2. generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the space that the madial wall of described matrix surrounds is quadrangular, the right prism of described quadrangular to be bottom surface be rhombus.
3. generator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the material of described first frictional layer and the second frictional layer exists the electrode sequence difference that rubs; There is electrode sequence difference in the material of described 3rd frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer.
4. the generator according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, the material of described first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the 3rd frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer adopts insulating material.
5. generator according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described insulating material is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyimide film, aniline-formaldehyde resin film, polyformaldehyde film, ethyl cellulose film, polyamide film, melamino-formaldehyde film, polyethylene glycol succinate film, cellophane, cellulose acetate film, polyethylene glycol adipate film, polydiallyl phthalate film, regenerated fiber sponge films, elastic polyurethane body thin film, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer copolymer film, styrene-butadiene-copolymer film, staple fibre film, poly-methyl film, methacrylic acid ester film, polyvinyl alcohol film, polyester film, polyisobutene film, polyurethane flexible sponge films, pet film, polyvinyl butyral film, phenolic resins film, neoprene film, butadiene-propylene copolymer film, natural rubber films, polyacrylonitrile film, poly-(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) film or polyethylene third diphenol carbonate thin film, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon or polymeric liquid crystal copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, polyacrylonitrile, poly-biphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.
6. the generator according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, the insulating material that described first frictional layer and/or the 4th frictional layer adopt is substituted by electric conducting material, described electric conducting material is selected from the semiconductor of metal, alloy, indium tin oxide, organic substance conductor or doping, wherein, metal, the alloy being selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminium, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium and being formed by two or more material; Organic substance conductor is selected from from polypyrrole, polyphenylene sulfide, poly-phthalocyanine-like compound, polyaniline and/or polythiophene.
7. the generator according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, the all or part of upper surface of described first frictional layer, the second frictional layer, the 3rd frictional layer and/or the 4th frictional layer arranges the micro-structural of micron or secondary micron dimension or interspersing or coating of nano material, and described micro-structural is selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.
8. generator according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the upper surface of described first frictional layer and the 4th frictional layer has nano-pore or nanometer hole array microstructure; The upper surface of described second frictional layer and the 3rd frictional layer has the nano-wire array micro-structural perpendicular to surface.
9. the generator according to any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that, described cylindrical base body adopts elastomeric material.
10. the generator according to any one of claim 1-9, is characterized in that, described cylindrical base body is formed in one the tubular of deformable structure formed;
Or cylindrical base body is connected to form deformable structure tubular by four laminated structures by the mode of stickup or grafting mutually.
11. generators according to any one of claim 1-11, it is characterized in that, described first triboelectricity unit is in parallel with between the second triboelectricity unit or be connected in series.
12. 1 kinds of impulse generator groups, it is characterized in that, comprise multiple impulse generator as described in any one of claim 1-11, the space that the outer surface of matrix of each described impulse generator surrounds is quadrangular, multiple described impulse generator is along stacking mutually perpendicular to cylindrical base body length direction, wherein, the grid-like framework of the mutual stacking formation generating set of the cylindrical base body of multiple described impulse generator.
13. generating sets according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the shape and size of the cylindrical base body of each described impulse generator are all identical, and the space that described matrix four outer surfaces surround is quadrangular, and the cross section perpendicular to described quadrangular axis is rhombus.
14. generating sets according to claim 13, is characterized in that, m × n described impulse generator arranges stacking according to the capable n of m, and the matrix with two impulse generators adjacent in a line or same row shares a sidewall.
15. generating sets according to any one of claim 12-14, is characterized in that, the output of multiple described impulse generator is in parallel or be connected in series.
16. generating sets according to any one of claim 12-15, it is characterized in that, described grid-like framework is formed by the mutual grafting of multiple sheet-like substrates.
17. generating sets according to claim 16, is characterized in that, the material of described sheet-like substrates is plastics.
18. generating sets according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, the output of multiple described impulse generator is connected in parallel, and the material of described sheet-like substrates is electric conducting material, comprises insulating material make to insulate between the sheet-like substrates of mutual grafting during grafting at the mutual splicing position of described sheet-like substrates.
19. 1 kinds of energy collecting devices, is characterized in that, comprise support, weight and the generator described in any one of claim 1-11 or the generating set described in any one of claim 12-18, wherein,
Described generator or generating set and described support are fixedly installed; Described weight is connected with described support and can moves relative to described support, and enable described weight apply periodic external force when being subject to External Force Acting to described generator or generating set, make the matrix generation deformation of generator or the framework generation deformation of generating set, the signal of telecommunication is exported to external circuit.
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