CN104973930A - Biomass charcoal-enveloped water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal-enveloped water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104973930A CN104973930A CN201510223851.7A CN201510223851A CN104973930A CN 104973930 A CN104973930 A CN 104973930A CN 201510223851 A CN201510223851 A CN 201510223851A CN 104973930 A CN104973930 A CN 104973930A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass charcoal-enveloped water-retaining controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of, by weight, 25-40 parts of corn straw, 20-35 parts of musa basjoo tree wood chips, 100-140 parts of a 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 10-15 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 20-26 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12-16 parts of calcium phosphate, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-10 parts of magnesium chloride, 3-6 parts of zinc sulfate, 5-7 parts of a binding agent and a proper amount of water. According to the invention, straw is soaked with the low-concentration alkali liquor before charring. After ball milling, the material is divided into a floccule part and a woody part, and the woody part with a high charcoal yield is used for charring. Excellent biomass charcoal has high adsorption capacity, and has water retention and fertilizer retention capacities. The fertilizer is pollution-free, and has an excellent sustained-release effect. With the fertilizer, fertilizer usage frequency can be reduced, and cost can be saved in various aspects of production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Technology field of fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Slow release fertilizer can not only improve utilization rate of fertilizer, can also reduce the negative impact of fertilising to environment, cause the extensive concern of scholar in recent years.The research of current coated slow release fertilizer mainly concentrates on the selection of coated fertilizer and researches and develops, and organic high molecular polymer coated slow release fertilizer can slow down nutrients release, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, has obtained general approval.
But it mostly uses lipid-soluble substance in process of production, use rear easily to environment, the reason such as expensive, limits applying of this kind of fertilizer in addition.Therefore, seek environmental friendliness, mould material that is cheap, had good sustained release effect becomes the study hotspot in this field.Biomass charcoal has the pore texture of height, can increase soil porosity and strengthen retention capacity of soil, reducing soil bulk density, favourable plant root growth; Simultaneously containing the nutritive element needed for a large amount of plant, promote soil nutrient circulation and plant-growth; Also have higher biological stability, the ability of stronger opposing microbial decomposition, can strengthen the carbon solidification effect of soil, reduces the release of carbon to air.If biomass charcoal is prepared coated slow releasing fertilizer as mould material, fertilizer nutrient release rate can not only be slowed down, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, and good ecological environment benefit can be brought.Therefore, carbonization rice husk is utilized to prepare the coated slow releasing fertilizer of 3 kinds of different thickness for main membrane material herein, emphasis has inquired into the thickness of biomass charcoal to the impact of the Nutrient Release of coated slow releasing fertilizer, to providing foundation for the research and development of China's environment-friendly type slow release fertilizer and application.
Summary of the invention
A kind of biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: maize straw 25 ~ 40, plantain tree wood chip 20 ~ 35,5wt% sodium hydroxide solution 100 ~ 140, Kiselgel A 10 ~ 15, bicarbonate of ammonia 20 ~ 26, calcium phosphate 12 ~ 16, potassium sulfate 10 ~ 15, magnesium chloride 6 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 3 ~ 6, binding agent 5 ~ 7 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 10 ~ 15, limestone powder 3 ~ 5, coal tar 4 ~ 7, sodium bicarbonate 1 ~ 2, chitin 2 ~ 4, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1 ~ 2.5, tributyl phosphate 0.5 ~ 1, ethanol 6 ~ 10 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
A preparation method for biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) tentatively pulverize slagging by after maize straw and the mixing of plantain tree wood chip, add 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal segregation upper strata floss, and wooden for bottom part is dried into pulvis;
(2) (1) gained pulvis is put into charring furnace under air-proof condition, temperature 600 ~ 800 DEG C carries out heating charing 6 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixed carbonic acid hydrogen ammonium, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, added Kiselgel A, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) binding agent is added in the carbonizing production of (2), add water and be modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and stick with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is put into coating machine and be preheating to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, on particle, thickener is sprayed at interval, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
The peplos composition coated carbamide that the present invention adopts the crude active charcoal components matching binding agent of charring rice husk to make, then probes into the release conditions of coated carbamide in soil.
Supply examination soil to be cinnamon soil, it is 46.2% that urea adopts oarse-grained diameter to be 3.0 ~ 4.0mm nitrogen content, and binding agent is the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 5.0%.
Encapsulation tool is the agent of rotary drum sugar-coat coating, high-pressure spray-painted rifle.Step is that the granular urea taking 1.0kg uniform particle sizes is poured in transferring shares of rotation, be heated to about 40 DEG C, according to the consumption of every kilogram of fertilizer 50ml binding agent, binding agent is sprayed on granular urea, a certain amount of charring rice husk is joined in rotary drum, sprays binding agent simultaneously, make material rolling granulating, repeatedly several times, until wrap up complete.Finally obtain lapping consumption account for be wrapped weight of fertilizer 10%, 15%, 20% ratio, altogether prepare 3 kinds of coated slow releasing fertilizers, be expressed as SRF10, SRF15, SRF20.
Adopt 200 object plastics filter clothes to internal diameter 4.72cm, high 15.24 pvc pipe back cover make drip washing post, take soil as drip washing medium, fertilizer amount adds in the ratio of N 0.6g/kg wind desiceted soil the coated slow releasing fertilizer developed voluntarily; Contrast (use the urea without parcel, CK represents) and blank totally 5 process are set simultaneously, each process repetition 3 times.The earth pillar having fertilizer to be mixed into first loads when loading the wind desiceted soil that 50g is not mixed into fertilizer, reinstalls in pvc pipe, a little quartz sand in its upper berth after remaining wind desiceted soil and test fertilizer fully mix.
Earth pillar is made rear 100ml distilled water and slowly and is in multiple times dripped earth pillar and make soil fully wetting, but unlikely excessive water oozes out from earth pillar, starts first time drip washing after leaving standstill 24h.When drip washing adds water, the volumetric flask that 100ml distilled water is housed is inverted in soil surface, makes water layer earth pillar being formed thick about 1.0cm, ensure that drip washing head is constant.Receive leacheate with triangular flask, each drip washing terminates rear thorn foraminate plastics film grave mound post mouth, and is placed in 30 DEG C of incubators and cultivates.After 3 days, take out earth pillar, carry out drip washing next time, altogether drip washing 8 times, leacheate azotometer (FOSS Kjeltec TM 8100) measures total nitrogen content.
The nutrients release process of coated slow releasing fertilizer can describe with Logistic curve, and the expression formula of this curve is such as formula (l).Y=k/1+e
a-Rt, y is Nitrogen Accumulation release rate, and k is nitrogen cumulative maximum burst size (generally getting k=l00%), a and R is constant, t be the drip washing time (my god).The Nitrogen Accumulation release rate of coated slow releasing fertilizer and control treatment is that the full nitrogen cumulative release amount of each fertilizer treatment accounts for the per-cent of each fertilizer treatment nitrogen total amount with the difference of the full nitrogen cumulative release amount of non-fertilizer treatment, the results are shown in Figure 1.
As can be seen from Figure 1, CK fertilizer just had the nutrients release of 50% at first 3 days, released the nutrient of about 90% the 10th day time.This accumulation Nitrogen releasing amount in time change procedure can be expressed with following formula: y=ke
b/t(k>0, b<0)
(2), in formula, k is the maximum Nitrogen Accumulation burst size of fertilizer; B is release rate constant.Carrying out numerical fitting result by the accumulation Nitrogen releasing amount of (2) formula to non-coated urea is: y=0.91165e
-0.9633/t, the relation conefficient of this formula is 0.95, reaches P<0.01 significant correlation level.
3 kinds of coated slow releasing fertilizers are compared with CK fertilizer, and Nitrogen Accumulation dispose procedure is relatively milder, and is about 80% in cultivation about the 30th day nutrients accumulation burst size, illustrates that this coated slow releasing fertilizer is applicable to the nutritional needs of shorter crop breeding time.
The rule of coated slow releasing fertilizer Nitrogen releasing can be described well with Logistic curve, for namely the Nitrogen Accumulation burst size fit equation differentiate of 2.2 slow release fertilizer release rate of nitrogen features to coated slow releasing fertilizer shown in Fig. 1 and CK be release rate of nitrogen curve, the results are shown in Figure 2.SRF20 initial stage release rate is significantly less than other two kinds of fertilizer, namely fertilizer integument is thicker, fertilizer is less at the nitrogen release rate of first day, illustrate and can be considered poroid material between integument particle and particle, water molecules is dissipated to fertilizer core by these holes, integument thickness increases, and it is long that moisture enters the fertile heart time, causes SRF20 to discharge nitrogen and causes initial stage nitrogen release rate minimum time lag.SRF10, SRF15, SRF20 nitrogen rate of release every day maximum value is respectively 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.95%, appear at respectively drip washing start after the 8th, 12 and 18 day.3 kinds of fertilizer rate of release maximum value differences are not obvious, but occur that the time of maximum value increases along with integument thickness and obviously extends.
Constant temperature indoor soil-column drip washing analog reslt shows, biomass charcoal (carbonization rice husk) is utilized to be lapping, the coating agent bundled slow-releasing fertilizer that binding agent prepared by the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 5.0% coordinates biomass charcoal to make is feasible, nutrient releasing speed thickens along with integument and diminishes, and can select suitable Jacket thickness according to the nutrient demand of different crops simultaneously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention utilizes the technology of the airtight charing of stalk, a kind of fertilizer slow release coating agent is efficiently made in conjunction with polyvinyl alcohol etc., prove that there is excellent slow release effect through test, difference is, the alkali lye of the present invention first with lower concentration before charing soaks stalk, cotton-shaped part and wooden part is divided into after ball milling, here choose the high xylem of char yield rate to divide and carbonize, excellent biomass charcoal not only high adsorption capacity, there is water conservation simultaneously, the ability of fertilizer conservation, pollution-free, outstanding slow release effect reduces fertilizer and frequently uses, cut down expenses in each side of producing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is coated slow releasing fertilizer Nitrogen Accumulation release rate (amount) curve over time;
Fig. 2 is the release rate of nitrogen curve over time of coated slow releasing fertilizer;
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: maize straw 30, plantain tree wood chip 30,5wt% sodium hydroxide solution 100, Kiselgel A 10, bicarbonate of ammonia 26, calcium phosphate 16, potassium sulfate 15, magnesium chloride 10, zinc sulfate 3, binding agent 5 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 15, limestone powder 3, coal tar 4, sodium bicarbonate 1, chitin 2, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 2, tributyl phosphate 0.5, ethanol 6 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
A preparation method for biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) tentatively pulverize slagging by after maize straw and the mixing of plantain tree wood chip, add 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal segregation upper strata floss, and wooden for bottom part is dried into pulvis;
(2) (1) gained pulvis is put into charring furnace under air-proof condition, temperature 600 ~ 800 DEG C carries out heating charing 6 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixed carbonic acid hydrogen ammonium, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, added Kiselgel A, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) binding agent is added in the carbonizing production of (2), add water and be modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and stick with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is put into coating machine and be preheating to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, on particle, thickener is sprayed at interval, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
Biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material of the present invention is used for plant common agricultural experiment; select 5 mu of planting bases; use fertilizer of the present invention; as experimental group; common fertilizer is executed in 5 mu of bases of control group routinely planting requirement; other condition is identical, and experiment proves, when using identical amount fertilizer; the farm crop of experimental group plantation; its stalk and branches and leaves more sturdy, growing way is obviously better than control group, and output obviously promotes; save labour simultaneously; protection of the environment, water retention property significantly improves, and economy comparatively improves 22.1% former years.
Claims (2)
1. a biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: maize straw 25 ~ 40, plantain tree wood chip 20 ~ 35,5wt% sodium hydroxide solution 100 ~ 140, Kiselgel A 10 ~ 15, bicarbonate of ammonia 20 ~ 26, calcium phosphate 12 ~ 16, potassium sulfate 10 ~ 15, magnesium chloride 6 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 3 ~ 6, binding agent 5 ~ 7 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 10 ~ 15, limestone powder 3 ~ 5, coal tar 4 ~ 7, sodium bicarbonate 1 ~ 2, chitin 2 ~ 4, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1 ~ 2.5, tributyl phosphate 0.5 ~ 1, ethanol 6 ~ 10 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
2. the preparation method of a kind of biomass charcoal coated water-retaining sustained-release fertilizer material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) tentatively pulverize slagging by after maize straw and the mixing of plantain tree wood chip, add 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal segregation upper strata floss, and wooden for bottom part is dried into pulvis;
(2) (1) gained pulvis is put into charring furnace under air-proof condition, temperature 600 ~ 800 DEG C carries out heating charing 6 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixed carbonic acid hydrogen ammonium, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, added Kiselgel A, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) binding agent is added in the carbonizing production of (2), add water and be modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and stick with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is put into coating machine and be preheating to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, on particle, thickener is sprayed at interval, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108569940A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-25 | 罗富均 | A kind of desert water retention organic fertilizer and its preparation and application |
| CN108911877A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-30 | 广西大学 | A kind of method of filter mud of sugar refinery charing production sugarcane charcoal slow-release fertilizer |
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| CN103772021A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-05-07 | 凤台县珠莹葡萄种植专业合作社 | Disease and pest preventive EM (Effective Microorganism) fermented compound fertilizer for seedless grape |
| CN104446935A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水稻研究所 | Production method of biological carbon coated controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN104478536A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-04-01 | 合肥智上农业开发有限公司 | A microorganism composite ecological fertilizer and a preparing method thereof |
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2015
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103772021A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-05-07 | 凤台县珠莹葡萄种植专业合作社 | Disease and pest preventive EM (Effective Microorganism) fermented compound fertilizer for seedless grape |
| CN104478536A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-04-01 | 合肥智上农业开发有限公司 | A microorganism composite ecological fertilizer and a preparing method thereof |
| CN104446935A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水稻研究所 | Production method of biological carbon coated controlled-release fertilizer |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108569940A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-25 | 罗富均 | A kind of desert water retention organic fertilizer and its preparation and application |
| CN108911877A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-30 | 广西大学 | A kind of method of filter mud of sugar refinery charing production sugarcane charcoal slow-release fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20151014 |