CN104973929A - Biomass charcoal-enveloped controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal-enveloped controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass charcoal-enveloped controlled-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the raw materials of, by weight: 20-30 parts of rice husk, 45-70 parts of a 3-6wt% sodium hydroxide solution, 10-15 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of attapulgite, 10-15 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 4-6 parts of trace elements, 15-25 parts of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorous fertilizer, 6-8 parts of a binding agent and a proper amount of water. Specifically, the enveloped controlled-release fertilizer is prepared with a rice husk and plant straw sealed charring technology and with the binding agent prepared from polyvinyl alcohol. As a result of tests, the biomass charcoal-enveloped controlled-release fertilizer has a significant controlled release effect. According to different plant requirements, the controlled-release speed can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of the added enveloping agent. Most of the components in the enveloping agent is biomass charcoal, such that the pollution degree to the environment is almost zero. Also, a fertilizer dose is reduced, and fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Technology field of fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Slow release fertilizer can not only improve utilization rate of fertilizer, can also reduce the negative impact of fertilising to environment, cause the extensive concern of scholar in recent years.The research of current coated slow release fertilizer mainly concentrates on the selection of coated fertilizer and researches and develops, and organic high molecular polymer coated slow release fertilizer can slow down nutrients release, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, has obtained general approval.
But it mostly uses lipid-soluble substance in process of production, use rear easily to environment, the reason such as expensive, limits applying of this kind of fertilizer in addition.Therefore, seek environmental friendliness, mould material that is cheap, had good sustained release effect becomes the study hotspot in this field.Biomass charcoal has the pore texture of height, can increase soil porosity and strengthen retention capacity of soil, reducing soil bulk density, favourable plant root growth; Simultaneously containing the nutritive element needed for a large amount of plant, promote soil nutrient circulation and plant-growth; Also have higher biological stability, the ability of stronger opposing microbial decomposition, can strengthen the carbon solidification effect of soil, reduces the release of carbon to air.If biomass charcoal is prepared coated slow releasing fertilizer as mould material, fertilizer nutrient release rate can not only be slowed down, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, and good ecological environment benefit can be brought.Therefore, carbonization rice husk is utilized to prepare the coated slow releasing fertilizer of 3 kinds of different thickness for main membrane material herein, emphasis has inquired into the thickness of biomass charcoal to the impact of the Nutrient Release of coated slow releasing fertilizer, to providing foundation for the research and development of China's environment-friendly type slow release fertilizer and application.
Summary of the invention
A kind of biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: rice husk 20 ~ 30,3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution 45 ~ 70, maize straw 10 ~ 15, urea 20 ~ 30, attapulgite 15 ~ 25, bicarbonate of ammonia 10 ~ 15, potassium sulfate 8 ~ 12, trace element 4 ~ 6, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 25, binding agent 6 ~ 8 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 10 ~ 15, limestone powder 3 ~ 5, coal tar 4 ~ 7, sodium bicarbonate 1 ~ 2, chitin 2 ~ 4, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1 ~ 2.5, tributyl phosphate 0.5 ~ 2, ethanol 6 ~ 10 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
A preparation method for biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) preliminary crushing maize stalk and rice husk, add 3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal rear removal supernatant, obtains lower sediment and is divided into the cotton-shaped part of bottom particulate fraction and top layer;
(2) described to (1) bottom particulate fraction is dried to obtain pulvis, under air-proof condition, put into charring furnace, temperature 600 ~ 700 DEG C carries out heating charing 5 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixing urea, attapulgite, bicarbonate of ammonia, potassium sulfate, trace element, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) binding agent is added in the carbonizing production of (2), add water and be modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and stick with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is preheating to 80 DEG C, on particle, sprays thickener, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
The peplos composition coated carbamide that the present invention adopts the crude active charcoal components matching binding agent of charring rice husk to make, then probes into the release conditions of coated carbamide in soil.
Supply examination soil to be cinnamon soil, it is 46.2% that urea adopts oarse-grained diameter to be 3.0 ~ 4.0mm nitrogen content, and binding agent is the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of concentration 5.0%.
Encapsulation tool is the agent of rotary drum sugar-coat coating, high-pressure spray-painted rifle.Step is that the granular urea taking 1.0kg uniform particle sizes is poured in transferring shares of rotation, be heated to about 40 DEG C, according to the consumption of every kilogram of fertilizer 50ml binding agent, binding agent is sprayed on granular urea, a certain amount of charring rice husk is joined in rotary drum, sprays binding agent simultaneously, make material rolling granulating, repeatedly several times, until wrap up complete.Finally obtain lapping consumption account for be wrapped weight of fertilizer 10%, 15%, 20% ratio, altogether prepare 3 kinds of coated slow releasing fertilizers, be expressed as SRF10, SRF15, SRF20.
Adopt 200 object plastics filter clothes to internal diameter 4.72cm, high 15.24 pvc pipe back cover make drip washing post, take soil as drip washing medium, fertilizer amount adds in the ratio of N 0.6g/kg wind desiceted soil the coated slow releasing fertilizer developed voluntarily; Contrast (use the urea without parcel, CK represents) and blank totally 5 process are set simultaneously, each process repetition 3 times.The earth pillar having fertilizer to be mixed into first loads when loading the wind desiceted soil that 50g is not mixed into fertilizer, reinstalls in pvc pipe, a little quartz sand in its upper berth after remaining wind desiceted soil and test fertilizer fully mix.
Earth pillar is made rear 100ml distilled water and slowly and is in multiple times dripped earth pillar and make soil fully wetting, but unlikely excessive water oozes out from earth pillar, starts first time drip washing after leaving standstill 24h.When drip washing adds water, the volumetric flask that 100ml distilled water is housed is inverted in soil surface, makes water layer earth pillar being formed thick about 1.0cm, ensure that drip washing head is constant.Receive leacheate with triangular flask, each drip washing terminates rear thorn foraminate plastics film grave mound post mouth, and is placed in 30 DEG C of incubators and cultivates.After 3 days, take out earth pillar, carry out drip washing next time, altogether drip washing 8 times, leacheate azotometer (FOSS Kjeltec TM 8100) measures total nitrogen content.
The nutrients release process of coated slow releasing fertilizer can describe with Logistic curve, and the expression formula of this curve is such as formula (l).Y=k/1+e
a-Rt, y is Nitrogen Accumulation release rate, and k is nitrogen cumulative maximum burst size (generally getting k=l00%), a and R is constant, t be the drip washing time (my god).The Nitrogen Accumulation release rate of coated slow releasing fertilizer and control treatment is that the full nitrogen cumulative release amount of each fertilizer treatment accounts for the per-cent of each fertilizer treatment nitrogen total amount with the difference of the full nitrogen cumulative release amount of non-fertilizer treatment, the results are shown in Figure 1.
As can be seen from Figure 1, CK fertilizer just had the nutrients release of 50% at first 3 days, released the nutrient of about 90% the 10th day time.This accumulation Nitrogen releasing amount in time change procedure can be expressed with following formula: y=ke
b/t(k>0, b<0)
(2), in formula, k is the maximum Nitrogen Accumulation burst size of fertilizer; B is release rate constant.Carrying out numerical fitting result by the accumulation Nitrogen releasing amount of (2) formula to non-coated urea is: y=0.91165e
-0.9633/t, the relation conefficient of this formula is 0.95, reaches P<0.01 significant correlation level.
3 kinds of coated slow releasing fertilizers are compared with CK fertilizer, and Nitrogen Accumulation dispose procedure is relatively milder, and is about 80% in cultivation about the 30th day nutrients accumulation burst size, illustrates that this coated slow releasing fertilizer is applicable to the nutritional needs of shorter crop breeding time.
The rule of coated slow releasing fertilizer Nitrogen releasing can be described well with Logistic curve, for namely the Nitrogen Accumulation burst size fit equation differentiate of 2.2 slow release fertilizer release rate of nitrogen features to coated slow releasing fertilizer shown in Fig. 1 and CK be release rate of nitrogen curve, the results are shown in Figure 2.SRF20 initial stage release rate is significantly less than other two kinds of fertilizer, namely fertilizer integument is thicker, fertilizer is less at the nitrogen release rate of first day, illustrate and can be considered poroid material between integument particle and particle, water molecules is dissipated to fertilizer core by these holes, integument thickness increases, and it is long that moisture enters the fertile heart time, causes SRF20 to discharge nitrogen and causes initial stage nitrogen release rate minimum time lag.SRF10, SRF15, SRF20 nitrogen rate of release every day maximum value is respectively 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.95%, appear at respectively drip washing start after the 8th, 12 and 18 day.3 kinds of fertilizer rate of release maximum value differences are not obvious, but occur that the time of maximum value increases along with integument thickness and obviously extends.
(1) constant temperature indoor soil-column drip washing analog reslt shows, biomass charcoal (carbonization rice husk) is utilized to be lapping, the coating agent bundled slow-releasing fertilizer that binding agent prepared by the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 5.0% coordinates biomass charcoal to make is feasible, nutrient releasing speed thickens along with integument and diminishes, and can select suitable Jacket thickness according to the nutrient demand of different crops simultaneously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts rice husk, the technology of the airtight charing of straw, a kind of slow release fertilizer of Envelope type made by the binding agent coordinating polyvinyl alcohol to make, prove that the slow release fertilizer slow release effect of biomass charcoal coating is remarkable through overtesting, and can according to the different demands of plant, add the ratio difference adjustment slow release speed of coating dosage, most compositions of coating agent are biomass charcoals, so environmental pollution degree is almost nil, reduce Fertilizer application amount, fertilizer utilization efficiency improves greatly simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is coated slow releasing fertilizer Nitrogen Accumulation release rate (amount) curve over time;
Fig. 2 is the release rate of nitrogen curve over time of coated slow releasing fertilizer;
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part (Kg): rice husk 30,3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution 60, maize straw 10, urea 20, attapulgite 20, bicarbonate of ammonia 10, potassium sulfate 10, trace element 5, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 25, binding agent 8 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 14, limestone powder 4, coal tar 5, sodium bicarbonate 1, chitin 3, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1, tributyl phosphate 0.5, ethanol 6 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
A preparation method for biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
(1) preliminary crushing maize stalk and rice husk, add 3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal rear removal supernatant, obtains lower sediment and is divided into the cotton-shaped part of bottom particulate fraction and top layer;
(2) described to (1) bottom particulate fraction is dried to obtain pulvis, under air-proof condition, put into charring furnace, temperature 600 ~ 700 DEG C carries out heating charing 5 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixing urea, attapulgite, bicarbonate of ammonia, potassium sulfate, trace element, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) binding agent is added in the carbonizing production of (2), add water and be modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and stick with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is preheating to 80 DEG C, on particle, sprays thickener, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
Biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer of the present invention is used for plant common agricultural experiment; select 5 mu of planting bases; use fertilizer of the present invention; as experimental group; common fertilizer is executed in 5 mu of bases of control group routinely planting requirement; other condition is identical; experiment proves; when the farm crop of experimental group plantation reach equal agricultural output again, greatly reduce Fertilizer application amount, the raw material simultaneously preparing fertilizer is easy to get; raw materials cost is lower; save labour, protection of the environment, on year-on-year basis economic raising 22.1%.
Claims (2)
1. a biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: rice husk 20 ~ 30,3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution 45 ~ 70, maize straw 10 ~ 15, urea 20 ~ 30, attapulgite 15 ~ 25, bicarbonate of ammonia 10 ~ 15, potassium sulfate 8 ~ 12, trace element 4 ~ 6, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 25, binding agent 6 ~ 8 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: polyvinyl alcohol 10 ~ 15, limestone powder 3 ~ 5, coal tar 4 ~ 7, sodium bicarbonate 1 ~ 2, chitin 2 ~ 4, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1 ~ 2.5, tributyl phosphate 0.5 ~ 2, ethanol 6 ~ 10 and water 50; Preparation method is in a kettle., by ethanol and water mixed diluting, then coal tar, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium bicarbonate and tributyl phosphate is added, be heated to 70 ~ 80 DEG C, constant temperature stirs 30 ~ 40min with 350 ~ 600r/min rotating speed, to leave standstill after 20min to lather collapse under keeping warm mode, be finally blended into polyvinyl alcohol, limestone powder and chitin, under 60 ~ 75 DEG C of conditions, be stirred to uniform emulsion and get final product.
2. the preparation method of a kind of biomass charcoal coated slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) preliminary crushing maize stalk and rice husk, add 3 ~ 6wt% sodium hydroxide solution and soak vibration 8 ~ 10h, ball milling 10 ~ 15min becomes homogenate, centrifugal rear removal supernatant, obtains lower sediment and is divided into the cotton-shaped part of bottom particulate fraction and top layer;
(2) described to (1) bottom particulate fraction is dried to obtain pulvis, under air-proof condition, put into charring furnace, temperature 600 ~ 700 DEG C carries out heating charing 5 ~ 8h, obtains carbonizing production after being cooled to room temperature;
(3) mixing urea, attapulgite, bicarbonate of ammonia, potassium sulfate, trace element, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and other following remaining component do not related to, be crushed to 40 mesh sieves, and add water adjustment water content to 40% in right amount, makes the particle of 3 ~ 4mm particle diameter;
(4) be added to by binding agent in the carbonizing production of (2), adding water is modulated into water content 70 ~ 80% and sticks with paste uniformly, then the particle described in (3) is preheating to 80 DEG C, on particle, sprays thickener, 2 ~ 3 times repeatedly, finally logical hot-air seasoning.
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Application publication date: 20151014 |