CN104936844B - 自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱的控制方法 - Google Patents

自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN104936844B
CN104936844B CN201380054215.5A CN201380054215A CN104936844B CN 104936844 B CN104936844 B CN 104936844B CN 201380054215 A CN201380054215 A CN 201380054215A CN 104936844 B CN104936844 B CN 104936844B
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T·赫克斯韦勒
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PSA Automobiles SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/14—Adaptive cruise control
    • B60W30/143—Speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/10—Controlling shift hysteresis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50—Signals to an engine or motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
    • B60W2530/16—Driving resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/087—Interaction between the driver and the control system where the control system corrects or modifies a request from the driver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/14—Cruise control
    • B60Y2300/143—Speed control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/14—Cruise control
    • B60Y2300/143—Speed control
    • B60Y2300/146—Speed limiting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/60—Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
    • F16H59/66—Road conditions, e.g. slope, slippery
    • F16H2059/663—Road slope
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0216—Calculation or estimation of post shift values for different gear ratios, e.g. by using engine performance tables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0234—Adapting the ratios to special vehicle conditions

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在车辆上升情况下使用车辆上配备的速度调整器对自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱进行控制的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将速度调整至由车辆驾驶员固定的设定值；获取速度和发动机扭矩的即时值；根据速度值和发动机转速表估算阻力；根据阻力估算值和热发动机的最大扭矩计算接合传动比上级的变速箱的上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度；根据所述上级传动比上的最大可用加速度分别是负值还是正值，来激活或者不激活车辆速度限制功能(BVV)，所述车辆速度限制功能将车辆速度限制到与热发动机的最大可用转速对应的速度设定值。

Description

自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱的控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在车辆上升情况下使用车辆上配备的速度调整器对自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱进行控制的方法。
背景技术
机动车辆的速度调整器是用于自动稳定机动车辆的速度和/或固定最大极限速度(称为速度限制器)的系统。驾驶员将速度固定在其想要行驶的速度，然后自动性确保对由此限定的速度进行中继(relais)和保持。该系统在长距离上受到好评，并且通常能够最佳化的利用燃料消耗。该系统还能够避免由于疏忽而造成速度过快。在现有技术中已知能够跟随由驾驶员固定的速度设定值的传动机构操控方法。
在某些情况下，例如猛烈上升或者在大负载下上升，车辆不能保持速度。当车辆充分地降低速度时，会切换到下级传动比同时确保发动机转速低于最大可用转速(断路值)。使用这种新的接合传动比，车辆将能够再次加速以便尝试重新达到由驾驶员限定的速度设定值。然而，发动机转速会很快地接近最大转速，对发动机的保护将会强制使提升传动比。车辆将再次降低速度，变速箱换抵挡，然后车辆将再次加速由此开始一个新的循环。当发动机组GMP不再能够确保跟随驾驶员限定的速度设定值时，也将这种现象称为传动比摆动(pompage de rapport)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改善该种现象并且提供一种使用速度调整器对自动变速箱或者手动操控变速箱进行控制的方法，所述速度调整器能够避免传动比的摆动并且比所需更频繁的传动比切换。
为了解决上面提到的问题，本发明提供一种在车辆上升情况下使用车辆上配备的速度调整器对自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱进行控制的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将速度调整至由车辆驾驶员固定的设定值，获取速度和发动机扭矩的即时值，根据速度值和发动机转速表估算阻力，根据阻力估算值和热发动机的最大扭矩计算接合传动比上级的变速箱的上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度，当所述上级传动比上的最大可用加速度是负值时，激活车辆速度限制功能BVV，所述车辆速度限制功能将车辆速度限制到与热发动机的最大可用转速对应的速度设定值，当上级传动比上的最大可用加速度是正值时，不激活车辆速度限制功能BVV。
根据一个优选实施例，上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度Avehmax根据以下公式计算：
M表示车辆的质量，R表示车轮的半径，CGMP表示发动机组的扭矩，以及Fres表示阻力的和，例如滚动阻力、空气阻力以及坡度阻力的和。
根据一个优选实施例，速度限制功能确定发动机扭矩以便将车辆速度限制至速度限制设定值。
有利地，所述速度限制设定值对应于车辆速度限制的即时功能，所述即时功能确定最大可用发动机扭矩，以便规范借助速度调整器要调整的最大速度。
附图说明
通过阅读附图1和对优选实施例的说明本发明的其它特征和优点将更加清楚，所述附图1展示了在上陡坡期间的坡度参数、发动机转速、变速箱传动比和速度。
具体实施方式
在唯一的附图下方的图表示出车辆在500秒的时间中经过的道路的坡度。选择该时间区间具有偶然性，应当理解该时间区间可以不同。在第一个100秒中，坡度连续上升。然后坡度在100秒期间保持不变，然后缓慢地下降直到时间区间结束。
车辆驾驶员在开始该行程的同时激活速度调整器。将速度固定至设定值，即130km/h。
车辆驾驶员踩下油门，这使得自动变速箱改变传动比以便使发动机转速保持在预先确定的范围中。
在大约50秒以后，达到由驾驶员固定的速度设定值，然而，坡度然后一直上升，发动机组(GMP)不再能够维持速度设定值。速度降低，自动变速箱在所示示例中通过降低(在所示示例中为三个)传动比使接合传动比换抵挡。在坡度保持不变的时间段期间，不应用根据本发明的自动变速箱控制方法的车辆经受以上描述的传动比摆动效应，即自动变速箱换抵挡传动比，车辆加速重新赶上速度定值，接近最大转速并且对发动机的保护强制提高传动比。这发生的频率相当高并且表现为令人厌恶的速度摆动，如附图上方的图表所示。
根据本发明的控制方法应用车辆速度限制(bridage)功能，所述功能将车辆速度限制至比与对于接合传动比的热发动机来说的最大可用转速对应的速度要低的速度。
为了应用这种限制功能，根据本发明的控制方法在第一步骤获得即时速度值和即时发动机扭矩值。然后，该方法根据速度值和发动机扭矩值估算阻力。根据阻力的估算值和热发动机的最大扭矩，车辆的车载计算机计算接合传动比上级的变速箱传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度。
当上级传动比上的最大可用加速度为负值时，限制功能，即车辆速度限制到与热发动机的最大可用转速对应的速度设定值的功能BVV被激活。
当上级传动比上的加速度再次允许正加速度时，车辆速度限制功能将停止。
阻力是空气阻力、坡度阻力和滚动阻力以及发动机组本身的阻力的和。
根据阻力的估算值和热发动机的最大扭矩，确定在变速箱的上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度。
基本动力学原理：
M.Aveh＝∑forces，其中M是车辆的质量，Aveh是车辆的加速度，forces是施加在车辆系统上的力。
M.Aveh＝FGMP+F滚动+F空气+F坡度
或者Fres＝F滚动+F空气+F坡度
M.Aveh＝FGMP+Fres
其中，CGMP是GMP的扭矩，R是车轮的半径
且
车辆速度限制功能BVV确定发动机扭矩以便将车辆速度限制至速度限制设定值。该功能对应于确定车辆速度限制的当前功能，为驾驶员确定最大可用发动机扭矩以便确保规范最大速度(速度限制设定值)。
可以在唯一附图的图表上观察到根据本发明的控制方法的结果。因此，在根据本发明的控制方法的情况下，在大约100秒至250秒之间的时间段中不应用速度限制设定值，齿轮比摆动表现出来，在该时间段开始时由自动变速箱选择传动比，在这种情况下保持不变地接合第三变速比，而非持续性地在第三和第四变速比之间摆动。
同样，发动机圈数基本上保持不变而非具有锯齿状轮廓。
在200秒之后，坡度缓慢减小一直到观察时间段结束，当根据控制方法计算到上级传动比上的加速度为正时，车辆速度限制功能不被激活，速度调整器操控自动变速箱以便达到速度设定值。
针对速度调整和限制功能对变速箱切换规则的调整被大大地简化了，这是因为得益于对阻力的估算该功能自动地进行调适，本技术方案能够彻底地调整陡坡上的摆动问题。

Claims (5)

1.一种在车辆上升情况下使用车辆上配备的速度调整器对自动变速箱或手动操控变速箱进行控制的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将速度调整至由车辆驾驶员固定的设定值，
-获取速度和发动机扭矩的即时值，根据速度值和发动机转速表估算阻力，
-根据阻力估算值和热发动机的最大扭矩计算：比接合传动比上级的变速箱的上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度，
-激活车辆速度限制功能，所述车辆速度限制功能将车辆速度限制到与当所述上级传动比上的最大可用加速度为负值时对于热发动机来说的最大可用转速对应的速度设定值，
-当所述上级传动比上的最大可用加速度为正值时，不激活车辆速度限制功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，上级传动比上的最大可用车辆加速度Avehmax根据以下公式计算：
<mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>max</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>M</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>max</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>.</mo> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>M</mi> </mfrac> </mrow>
其中，
M表示车辆的质量，
R表示车轮的半径，
CGMP表示发动机组的扭矩，以及
Fres表示阻力的和。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制方法，其特征在于，速度限制功能确定发动机扭矩以便将车辆速度限制至速度限制设定值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述速度限制设定值对应于车辆速度限制的即时功能，所述即时功能确定最大可用发动机扭矩，以便规范借助速度调整器要调整的最大速度。
5.根据权利要求2所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述阻力的和是滚动阻力、空气阻力以及坡度阻力的和。
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