CN104934651B - 具有柔性囊的牵引电池热板 - Google Patents

具有柔性囊的牵引电池热板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104934651B
CN104934651B CN201510121458.7A CN201510121458A CN104934651B CN 104934651 B CN104934651 B CN 104934651B CN 201510121458 A CN201510121458 A CN 201510121458A CN 104934651 B CN104934651 B CN 104934651B
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flexible pocket
cell array
hot plate
fluid
traction battery
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CN104934651A (zh
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王永才
帕特里克·丹尼尔·玛古尔
布莱恩·尤特利
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

公开了一种具有柔性囊的牵引电池热板。牵引电池热板组件可包括：具有限定空腔的边缘部并被构造为支撑电池单元阵列的结构。柔性囊可设置在位于所述结构与电池单元阵列之间的空腔中。柔性囊可被构造为用流体填充，使得柔性囊接触电池单元阵列以在电池单元阵列与流体之间传递热。牵引电池热板组件可包括框架，框架具有容纳柔性囊的尺寸并被构造为支撑柔性囊。进入口可与柔性囊和泵流体连通，并可被构造为以泵输出流量向柔性囊输送流体。柔性囊可包括肋，在肋之间限定有通道。通道被构造为引导流体沿着电池单元阵列的至少一个表面流动。

Description

具有柔性囊的牵引电池热板
技术领域
本公开涉及在车辆中使用的用于高电压电池的热管理系统。
背景技术
诸如电池电动车辆(BEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)或全混合动力电动车辆(FHEV)的车辆包含牵引电池(诸如，高电压(HV)电池)，以用作车辆的推进源。HV电池可包括用于辅助管理车辆性能和操作的组件和系统。HV电池可包括电池单元端子之间相互电连接的一个或更多个电池单元阵列和互连器汇流条。HV电池和周围环境可包括用于辅助管理HV电池组件、系统和各个电池单元的温度的热管理系统。
发明内容
一种牵引电池热板组件，包括：具有限定空腔的边缘部并被构造为支撑电池单元阵列的结构；柔性囊，设置在位于所述结构与电池单元阵列之间的空腔中。柔性囊被构造为用流体填充，使得柔性囊接触电池单元阵列以在电池单元阵列与流体之间传递热。柔性囊可由具有绝缘特性的材料制成，从而柔性囊的内容物与电池单元电绝缘。发热模块可被封装在牵引电池热板附近，并且柔性囊的一部分可在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。牵引电池热板组件还可包括框架，框架具有容纳柔性囊的尺寸并被构造为支撑柔性囊。进入口可与柔性囊和泵流体连通，并可被构造为以泵输出流量向柔性囊输送流体。缩窄器可被布置在进入口与柔性囊之间，并且可被构造为调节进入柔性囊的流体的流体体积流量。柔性囊还可被构造为引导热流体沿着电池单元阵列的底表面流动。
一种车辆，包括：电池单元阵列，限定至少一个表面；支撑结构，被构造为支撑电池单元阵列，从而在电池单元阵列和支撑结构之间限定空腔；热板，被构造为用于与电池单元阵列热连通。热板遍布空腔并沿着所述电池单元阵列的表面延伸，并包括被构造为在第一体积与第二体积之间调节的柔性囊，并且所述热板限定被构造为当柔性囊具有第一体积或第二体积时大体上适应电池单元阵列的表面配合的囊表面。进入口可与柔性囊和泵流体连通，所述泵被构造为引导流体流到进入口，从而柔性囊在第一体积与第二体积之间膨胀或收缩。发热模块可被封装在热板的附近，柔性囊的一部分在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。柔性囊还可包括肋，在肋之间限定有通道，通道可被构造为引导流体沿着电池单元阵列的所述至少一个表面流动。肋还可限定所述支撑结构，使得肋承受电池单元阵列的负荷。所述至少一个表面可以是电池单元阵列的底表面。
一种牵引电池组件，包括：电池单元阵列，限定底表面；支撑结构，被构造为支撑电池单元阵列，使得在电池单元阵列与支撑结构之间限定空腔；热板，包括具有肋的框架，在肋之间限定有通道。热板被构造为引导热流体在其中流动并且还包括柔性囊，柔性囊固定在框架的一些部分之间以及在其之间限定囊腔的肋之上。牵引电池组件还包括进入口，被构造为向囊腔输送热流体。柔性囊被构造为响应于热流体流的压力增大而膨胀，使得柔性囊的表面接触电池单元阵列的表面。另一进入口可位于热板的与上述进入口相对的端部上，并且被构造为向囊腔输送热流体。所述进入口与所述另一进入口可被布置为相对于彼此按照不同的流动方向向分开的通道输送流体。柔性囊可由具有绝缘性能的材料制成。柔性囊还可被构造为引导流体在囊腔中沿着底表面流动。发热模块可被封装在热板的附近，柔性囊的一部分在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。缩窄器可被布置在进入口与囊腔之间，并可被构造为调节进入囊腔的流体的流体体积流量。热板可以至少部分地支撑电池单元阵列。
附图说明
图1是电池电动车辆的示意图。
图2是用于图1中的车辆的牵引电池的热管理系统的一部分的透视图。
图3A是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
图3B是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
图3C是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
图4是电池单元阵列、具有柔性囊的热板和支撑结构的正视图。
图5是图4中的具有柔性囊的热板的透视图。
图6A是电池单元阵列、具有柔性囊的热板和支撑结构的截面形式的正视图。
图6B是图6A中的具有柔性囊的热板的截面形式的详细的正视图。
图6C是图6A中的电池单元阵列、具有柔性囊的热板和支撑结构的透视图。
图6D是具有柔性囊的另一热板的俯视图。
图7A是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了热板的柔性囊弥补电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
图7B是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了热板的柔性囊弥补电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
图7C是电池单元阵列和热板的正视图，示出了热板的柔性囊弥补电池单元阵列与热板之间的接触缺陷。
具体实施方式
在此描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应理解的是，公开的实施例仅为示例并且其它实施例可采用多种和替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定部件的细节。因此，在此所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式使用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的，参照任一附图示出和描述的多个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的多种组合和变型可期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
图1描绘了典型的插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)的示意图。典型的插电式混合动力电动车辆12可包括机械地连接到混合动力传动装置16的一个或更多个电机14。电机14能够作为马达或发电机运转。此外，混合动力传动装置16机械地连接到发动机18。混合动力传动装置16还机械地连接到驱动轴20，驱动轴20机械地连接到车轮22。当发动机18开启或关闭时，电机14能够提供推进和减速能力。电机14还用作发电机，并且能够通过回收在摩擦制动系统中通常将作为热损失掉的能量而提供燃料经济效益。由于混合动力电动车辆12可在一定条件下按照电动模式运转，因此电机14还可减少污染物排放。
牵引电池或电池包(battery pack)24储存可以被电机14使用的能量。牵引电池24通常从牵引电池24中的一个或更多个电池单元阵列(有时称为电池单元堆)提供高电压直流(DC)输出。电池单元阵列可包括一个或更多个电池单元。牵引电池24通过一个或更多个接触器(未示出)电连接到一个或更多个电力电子模块26。所述一个或更多个接触器在断开时使牵引电池24与其它组件隔离，并在闭合时将牵引电池24连接到其它组件。电力电子模块26还电连接到电机14，并且在牵引电池24和电机14之间提供双向传输电能的能力。例如，典型的牵引电池24可以提供DC电压，而电机14可能需要三相交流(AC)电压来运转。电力电子模块26可以将DC电压转换为电机14所需要的三相AC电压。在再生模式下，电力电子模块26可以将来自用作发电机的电机14的三相AC电压转换为牵引电池24所需要的DC电压。在此的描述同样适用于纯电动车辆。对于纯电动车辆，混合动力传动装置16可以是连接到电机14的齿轮箱并且发动机18会不存在。
牵引电池24除了提供用于推进的能量之外，还可以提供用于其它车辆电气系统的能量。典型的系统可包括将牵引电池24的高电压DC输出转换为与其它车辆负载兼容的低电压DC供应的DC/DC转换器模块28。其它高电压负载(例如，压缩机和电加热器)可直接连接到高电压而不使用DC/DC转换器模块28。在典型的车辆中，低电压系统电连接到辅助电池30(例如，12V电池)。
电池电控制模块(BECM)33可与牵引电池24通信。BECM 33可用作牵引电池24的控制器，并且还可包括管理每个电池单元的温度和荷电状态的电子监控系统。牵引电池24可具有温度传感器31，例如，热敏电阻或其它温度表。温度传感器31可与BECM 33通信，以提供关于牵引电池24的温度数据。
例如，车辆12可以是牵引电池24可通过外部电源36进行再充电的电动车辆，例如，插电式混合动力车辆或电池电动车辆。外部电源36可以连接到电源插座。外部电源36可电连接到电动车辆充电设备(electric vehicle supply equipment(EVSE))38。EVSE 38可提供电路和控制以调节并管理电源36与车辆12之间的电能的传输。外部电源36可向EVSE 38提供DC电或AC电。EVSE 38可具有用于插入到车辆12的充电端口34中的充电连接器40。充电端口34可以是被构造为将电力从EVSE 38传输到车辆12的任何类型的端口。充电端口34可电连接到充电器或车载电力转换模块32。电力转换模块32可以调节从EVSE 38供应的电力，以向牵引电池24提供合适的电压水平和电流水平。电力转换模块32可与EVSE 38交互，以协调向车辆12的电力传递。EVSE连接器40可具有与充电端口34的对应的凹入匹配的插脚。
所讨论的各种组件可具有控制并监视组件的运转的一个或更多个相关联的控制器。控制器可经由串行总线(例如，控制器局域网(CAN))或经由离散的导体进行通信。
电池单元(例如，棱柱形的电池单元)可包括将储存的化学能转换为电能的电化学电池单元。棱柱形的电池单元可包括壳体、正极(阴极)和负极(阳极)。电解质可允许离子在放电期间在阳极和阴极之间运动，然后在再充电期间返回。端子可允许电流从电池单元流出以被车辆使用。当多个电池单元按照阵列定位时，每个电池单元的端子可与彼此相邻的相对的端子(正和负)对齐，汇流条可辅助便于多个电池单元之间串联连接。电池单元还可并联布置，从而类似的端子(正和正或者负和负)彼此相邻。例如，两个电池单元可被布置为正极端子彼此相邻，紧挨着的两个电池单元可被布置为负极端子彼此相邻。在该示例中，汇流条可接触所有的四个电池单元的端子。
可使用液体热管理系统、空气热管理系统或本领域公知的其它方法加热和/或冷却牵引电池24。现在参照图2，在液体热管理系统的一个示例中，牵引电池24可包括电池单元阵列88，电池单元阵列88被示出为由热板90支撑以通过热管理系统被加热和/或冷却。电池单元阵列88可包括彼此相邻地定位的多个电池单元92。在特定的运转状况下，DC/DC转换器模块28和/或BECM 33也可能需要冷却和/或加热。热板91可支撑DC/DC转换器模块28和BECM 33并辅助其进行热管理。例如，DC/DC转换器模块28可在电压转换期间产生可能需要被消散的热。可选地，热板90和热板91可以彼此流体连通以共用共同的流体进入口和共同的排出口。
在一个示例中，电池单元阵列88可安装到热板90，使得每个电池单元92只有一个表面(例如，底表面)接触热板90。热板90与各个电池单元92可在彼此之间传递热，以在车辆运转期间辅助管理电池单元阵列88的热工况(thermal conditioning)。为了提供电池单元阵列88及其它周围组件的有效的热管理，均匀的热流体分布和高的热传递能力是热板90的两个考虑因素。由于经由传导和对流在热板90和热流体之间传递热，因此对于有效的热传递(移除热和预热处于低温的电池单元92两者)来说，热流体流场的表面面积是重要的。例如，如果不移除电池单元充电和放电所产生的热，则会对电池单元阵列88的性能和寿命产生负面影响。可选择地，当电池单元阵列88经受低温时，热板90还可提供热，以预热电池单元阵列88。
热板90可包括一个或更多个通道93和/或空腔，以分配通过热板90的热流体。例如，热板90可包括可与通道93连通的进入口94和排出口96，用以提供热流体并使热流体循环。进入口94和排出口96相对于电池单元阵列88的位置可变化。例如，如图2中所示，进入口94和排出口96可相对于电池单元阵列88位于中央。进入口94和排出口96还可位于电池单元阵列88的侧部。可选地，热板90可限定空腔(未示出)，该空腔与进入口94和排出口96连通，用于提供热流体并使热流体循环。热板91可包括进入口95和排出口97以传送和移除热流体。可选地，热界面材料片(未示出)可分别应用到在电池单元阵列88之下的热板90和/或在DC/DC转换器模块28和BECM 33之下的热板91。热界面材料片可增强电池单元阵列88和热板90之间的热传递。热界面材料还可在电池单元阵列88和热板90之间提供电绝缘。电池托盘98可支撑热板90、热板91、电池单元阵列88和其它组件。电池托盘98可包括用于容纳热板的一个或更多个凹入。
可提供不同的电池包结构来应对包括封装约束和功率要求的各个车辆变量。电池单元阵列88可被容纳在外罩或壳体(未示出)中，以保护并围住电池单元阵列88及其它周围组件(例如，DC/DC转换器模块28和BECM 33)。电池单元阵列88可位于若干不同的位置，这些位置包括(例如)前座椅之下、后座椅之下或车辆的后座椅之后。然而，预期电池单元阵列88可位于车辆12中的任何合适的位置。
热板与电池单元的表面之间的配合表面的接触是可能影响电池热管理系统内的热传递(具体地，关于热板与电池单元之间的传导)的因素。配合表面由于表面公差、组件不平整和/或可能导致配合表面之间的间隙的碎屑而可能是不平坦的。此外，电池单元阵列的变形(例如，弯曲和/或扭曲)可导致电池单元与电池单元的定位公差(placementtolerance)。例如，图3A至图3C示出了配合表面接触缺陷的三个示例。在图3A中，电池单元150在电池单元150的底部不平整导致在电池单元150与热板154之间仅部分接触，如由空隙152所示。该空隙152可能是由于(例如)导致电池单元150的底部不平整的生产差异(production variation)造成的。在图3B中，电池单元160是倾斜的，导致电池单元160与热板164之间的部分接触和空隙162。该空隙162可能是由于(例如)电池单元160在操作期间的运动和/或电池单元160的不当安装造成的。在图3C中，示出了电池单元170是被抬高的，导致电池单元170与热板174之间无接触和空隙172。该空隙172还可能是由于(例如)电池单元170的生产差异、不当安装和/或在操作期间出现的振动造成的。在空隙存在于各个热板的配合表面与电池单元的底表面之间的情况下，涉及电池单元冷却的热传递可能是较低效率的。一些热管理系统可使用热界面层来辅助填充空隙，然而，热界面层可能不能弥补某些接触缺陷。可期望消除这些接触缺陷和/或获得配合表面之间的齐平接触以在热管理系统内提供更增强的热传递。
图4和图5示出了牵引电池组件的一部分的示例，牵引电池组件可包括与用于热管理系统的热板188热连通的电池单元阵列186。热板188和电池单元阵列186可由支撑结构189支撑。热板188可被设置在由支撑结构189的边缘部限定的空腔中并位于电池单元阵列186之下。在本示例中，热板188可包括柔性囊190，柔性囊190可被构造为用于使热流体流过。柔性囊190可作为用于柔性囊190中的热流体的薄膜。柔性囊190可被安置在盘192内，盘192可提供用于支撑柔性囊190的框架并还可辅助防止柔性囊190被(例如)支撑结构189刺破。热板188的尺寸可根据热管理系统的期望的热传递性能而改变。例如，图4和图5示出了沿着电池单元阵列186的底部并在电池单元阵列186的底部之下延伸的热板188。根据支撑结构189的构造，热板188还可延伸到电池单元阵列186的外边缘或超过该外边缘。支撑结构189可适应于相对应尺寸的热板188，以辅助热板188相对于电池单元阵列186定向和定位。
柔性囊190和盘192所使用的材料的某些特性可有助于促进热板188与电池单元阵列186之间的热连通。柔性囊190可被构造为在柔性囊190的第一体积与第二体积之间膨胀或收缩。柔性囊190可由能够响应于热流体压力水平而膨胀或收缩使得柔性囊190适应电池单元阵列186的底表面的材料制成，因此可改善电池单元阵列186与热板188之间的配合接触。柔性囊190的膨胀量可以是热流体压力的函数。有时可期望较高的压力以改善配合表面之间的接触，然而，较高的压力可导致体积流量比期望的体积流量高。可包括诸如喷嘴或孔的缩窄器(constrictor)(未示出)以提供关于体积流量的控制选择，这样，可辅助保持恒定的压力和较高的压力同时具有期望的体积流量。
例如，柔性囊190可以由具有柔性和/或弹性特性的材料(例如，硫化橡胶)制成。某些塑料可提供材料的其它示例，例如，聚乙烯。被改善的配合接触可正面地影响电池单元阵列186的性能和电池单元阵列186中的电池单元的寿命。这种被改善的配合接触还可消除对热界面层的需要，热界面层可用于填充电池单元阵列与热板之间的气隙和空隙。柔性囊190的材料还可具有绝缘属性，以辅助使电池单元阵列186绝缘。根据在不同的热管理系统之间变化封装约束，可获得不同形状和尺寸的柔性囊190。盘192可使用不同的适合的材料，例如，可比柔性囊190的材料的硬度和/或刚度大的硬度和/或刚度的某些类型的塑料或金属。适合的塑料的示例可包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate)、聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
如上所述，热管理系统可包括热板188并可被构造为使热流体通过热板188循环。驱动机构可运转而引导热流体流动并还可增大和/或减小流体系统中的热流体流的压力。虽然驱动机构的一个示例包括与马达(未示出)机械连接的泵(未示出)，但是其它示例也是可适用的。进入口可辅助向柔性囊190输送流体，排出口可辅助从柔性囊190移除热流体。进入口腔、排出口腔和歧管还可随进入口、排出口和柔性囊190布置，以辅助在柔性囊190中获得期望的流体流动。例如，进入口194可与柔性囊190流体连通。进入口腔195可以可选择地布置在进入口194与柔性囊190之间。虽然示出了进入口194位于柔性囊190的一个侧部的中央位置，但是预期进入口194可位于其它位置并可能存在一个以上的进入口194。排出口196可与柔性囊190流体连通。排出口腔197可被布置在柔性囊190与排出口196之间。虽然示出了排出口196位于柔性囊190的另一个侧部的中央位置，但是预期排出口196可位于其它位置并可能存在一个以上的排出口196。
图6A至图6C示出了牵引电池组件的另一示例，牵引电池组件可包括与电池单元阵列201热连通的用于热管理系统的热板198。热板198和电池单元阵列201可由支撑结构203支撑。热板198可包括柔性囊199。盘200可作为用于柔性囊199的框架并限定一个或更多个肋202，所述一个或更多个肋202可限定或部分限定用于使流体在肋202之间流动并在整个柔性囊199中流动的通道。在本示例中，可考虑柔性囊199是如下面进一步描述的部分囊。盘200可由塑料制成并可限定热板198的底部和侧部。预期肋202可根据相对于电池单元阵列201的期望方位而限定不同的通道构造。例如，通道可相对于电池单元阵列201纵向定位(如图6A至图6C所示)或可相对于电池单元阵列201横向定位(未示出)。在另一示例中，通道可采用蛇形路径。不同类型的通道构造可与被包括在电池单元阵列201中的电池单元的类型相对应和/或可与热管理系统的某些封装约束相对应。柔性囊199的内部和/或通道的表面区域还可包括表面增强部和/或特征，表面增强部和/或特征用于增强热传递(可包括产生紊流)和/或改变通道与柔性囊199内的表面面积。通道和柔性囊199的至少一些表面可包括被构造为增大有效的表面面积的流动特征。例如，该流动特征可包括钎焊分流式翅片(brazed split fins)、钎焊金属泡沫(例如，铝)、挤出物(extrusions)、凹处或立柱。这些特征还可辅助向热板198的底部传递更多的热。除了提供额外的表面面积以辅助热传递以外，这些特征还可调节热流体流的速率。
柔性囊199可以由弹性、柔性和/或可膨胀的材料(例如，热固塑料)制成。适合的材料的其它示例可包括硫化橡胶和某些塑料(例如，聚乙烯)。热固塑料的填料可以被绕轴线204旋转成型，使得柔性囊199在盘200的外侧部分之间延伸。在旋转成型的一个示例中，盘200可被布置在被加热的中空模具中，中空模具可填充有材料的填料。来自中空模具的热可使材料变软。然后模具可绕轴线204旋转，使得变软的材料分散并固定到中空模具的壁和盘200的壁，以提供柔性囊199。改变模具旋转的速度和轴线的位置可提供固定到壁的材料的厚度和材料所固定到的壁上的位置的不同变化。在本示例中，热固塑料还可作为热板198内的绝缘阻挡件，如下面所述。绝缘阻挡件可作为电绝缘件，以保持电池单元阵列201、各个电池单元与可能导热的流体之间的电绝缘的程度。可调节轴线204以为柔性囊199提供不同的壁厚。例如，将轴线204靠近热板198的下部定位可使柔性囊199在热板198的上部处较厚而在热板198的侧部处较薄。柔性囊199可固定到热板198的侧部，如图6A和图6B所示。还预期柔性囊199可以用各种粘合剂固定到热板198内的其它位置。生产具有柔性囊199和肋202的热板198的其它方法可包括注射成型、热板粘接或激光焊接。这些方法中的每个还可提供柔性囊199与肋202之间的连接。例如，使柔性囊199的一个或更多个部分连接到肋202可防止热流体在相邻的通道之间溢流。
如上所述，热管理系统可包括热板198并可被构造为用于使热流体通过热板198循环。柔性囊199的膨胀量可以是热流体压力的函数。有时可期望较高的压力以改善表面之间的接触，然而，较高的压力可导致比期望的体积流量高的体积流量。可包括诸如喷嘴或孔的缩窄器(未示出)以提供关于体积流量的控制选择，这样，可辅助保持恒定的和较高的压力同时具有期望的体积流量。
驱动机构可操作以引导热流体流动并还增大和/或减小系统中的热流体流的压力。虽然驱动机构的一个示例包括与马达(未示出)机械连接的泵(未示出)，但是其它示例也是可用的。进入口可辅助向柔性囊199输送流体，排出口可辅助从柔性囊199移除热流体。进入口腔、排出口腔和歧管还可随进入口、排出口和柔性囊199布置，以辅助在柔性囊199中获得期望的流体流动。例如，进入口220可与柔性囊199流体连通。进入口腔222可以可选择地布置在进入口220与柔性囊199之间。虽然示出了进入口220位于柔性囊199的一个侧部的中央位置，但是预期进入口220可被布置在其它位置并可能存在一个以上的进入口220。排出口224可与柔性囊199流体连通。排出口腔226可被布置在柔性囊199与排出口224之间。虽然示出了排出口224位于柔性囊199的另一个侧部的中央位置，但是预期排出口224可被设置在其它的位置并可能存在一个以上的排出口224。进入口和排出口可成型到盘200或柔性囊199中。
可使用柔性囊199的其它构造。例如，图6D示出了按如下方式构造的柔性囊199：由肋202限定的通道可考虑像波浪一样。在本示例中，通道可在电池单元阵列201的封装(footprint)的外部延伸，并可为其它组件提供冷却(例如，发热模块240)。发热模块240的示例可包括DC/DC转换器模块和BECM。预期柔性囊199及其通道根据封装约束和期望性能可具有其它形状。
如图6A至图6C所示，热板198可位于由支撑结构203的边缘部和电池单元阵列201的底部限定的空腔中。柔性囊199可被设置在支撑结构203与电池单元阵列201之间的空腔中。柔性囊199可被构造为用热流体填充，使得柔性囊199接触电池单元阵列201，以在电池单元阵列201与热流体之间传递热。在一个示例中，热板198的体积可比由支撑结构203和电池单元阵列201的底部限定的空腔的体积小。这样，除了柔性囊199之外，支撑结构203还可承受电池单元阵列201的负荷。可选地，热板198的肋202或其它部分可支撑池单元阵列201。另外，如上所述，一旦电池单元阵列201安装到支撑结构203且用热流体填充柔性囊199，柔性囊199就可膨胀为促进与电池单元阵列201的期望接触。
这样，带柔性囊190的热板188以及带柔性囊199的热板198可辅助解决上述的接触配合缺陷。图7A至图7C示出了可如何使用热板188和热板198来解决图3A至图3C中描述的配合缺陷的示例。在图7A中，柔性囊190或柔性囊199可膨胀为填充与图3A中的空隙152类似的空隙，使得柔性囊190和199的配合表面分别与电池单元阵列186和201的配合表面匹配。在图7B中，柔性囊190和199可膨胀为填充与图3B中的空隙162类似的空隙，使得柔性囊190和199的配合表面分别与电池单元阵列186和201的配合表面匹配。在图7C中，柔性囊190和199可膨胀为填充与图3C中的空隙172类似的空隙，使得柔性囊190和199的配合表面分别与电池单元阵列186和201的配合表面匹配。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例，但是并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所包含的所有可能的形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性的词语而不是限制性的词语，并且应该理解的是，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变。如前面所描述的，可以对各个实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或说明的进一步的实施例。虽然关于一个或更多个期望的特性，各个实施例已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域的普通技术人员意识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，可以折衷一个或更多个特点或特性，以实现期望的整体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、维修保养方便性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。这样，关于一个或更多个特性，被描述为不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式合意的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且可以期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (17)

1.一种牵引电池热板组件，包括：
具有限定空腔的边缘部的结构，所述结构被构造为支撑位于所述结构上的电池单元阵列；
柔性囊，设置在位于所述结构与电池单元阵列之间的空腔中，并且柔性囊被构造为用流体填充，使得柔性囊沿着电池单元阵列延伸并且仅接触电池单元中的每个的底表面以在电池单元阵列与流体之间传递热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池热板组件，其中，柔性囊由具有绝缘特性的材料制成，从而柔性囊的内容物与电池单元电绝缘。
3.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池热板组件，还包括被封装在柔性囊附近的发热模块，其中，柔性囊的一部分在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池热板组件，还包括框架，框架具有容纳柔性囊的尺寸并被构造为支撑柔性囊。
5.根据权利要求1所述的牵引电池热板组件，还包括与柔性囊和泵流体连通的进入口，进入口被构造为以泵输出流量向柔性囊输送流体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的牵引电池热板组件，还包括被布置在进入口与柔性囊之间的缩窄器，并且缩窄器被构造为调节进入柔性囊的流体的流体体积流量。
7.一种车辆，包括：
电池单元阵列，限定包括底表面的表面；
支撑结构，被构造为支撑位于支撑结构上的电池单元阵列，使得在电池单元阵列和支撑结构之间限定空腔；
热板，被构造用于与电池单元阵列热连通，遍布空腔并沿着电池单元阵列的底表面延伸，热板包括柔性囊，所述柔性囊被构造为在第一体积与第二体积之间进行调节并限定囊表面，所述囊表面被构造为当柔性囊具有第一体积或第二体积时仅接触电池单元阵列的底表面并大致与电池单元阵列的底表面的形状相适应。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，还包括进入口，所述进入口与柔性囊和泵流体连通，所述泵被构造为引导流体流到进入口，使得柔性囊在第一体积与第二体积之间膨胀或收缩。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，还包括发热模块，所述发热模块被封装在热板附近，其中，柔性囊的一部分在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。
10.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，柔性囊还包括肋，在肋之间限定有通道，其中，通道被构造为引导流体沿着所述电池单元阵列的底表面流动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆，其中，所述肋限定所述支撑结构，使得所述肋承受电池单元阵列的负荷。
12.一种牵引电池组件，包括：
电池单元阵列，限定包括底表面的表面；
支撑结构，被构造为支撑电池单元阵列，使得在电池单元阵列与支撑结构之间限定空腔；
热板，包括框架和柔性囊，所述框架具有肋，在肋之间限定有通道，并且所述肋被构造为引导热流体在通道中流动，所述柔性囊沿着电池单元阵列的底表面延伸，并固定在框架的一些部分之间以及所述肋之上，在所述肋之间限定所述柔性囊的腔；
进入口，被构造为向柔性囊的腔输送热流体，
其中，柔性囊被构造为响应于热流体的压力增大而膨胀，使得柔性囊的表面仅接触电池单元阵列的底表面。
13.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池组件，还包括另一进入口，所述另一进入口位于热板的与所述进入口相对的端部上，并且被构造为向柔性囊的腔输送热流体，其中，所述进入口与所述另一进入口被布置为相对于彼此按照不同的流动方向向分开的通道输送热流体。
14.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池组件，其中，柔性囊由具有绝缘性能的材料制成。
15.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池组件，还包括发热模块，所述发热模块被封装在热板的附近，其中，柔性囊的一部分在电池单元阵列的封装的外部并接近发热模块延伸。
16.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池组件，还包括缩窄器，所述缩窄器被布置在进入口与柔性囊的腔之间，并被构造为调节进入柔性囊的腔的热流体的流体体积流量。
17.根据权利要求12所述的牵引电池组件，其中，热板至少部分地支撑电池单元阵列。
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