CN104920363B - 黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ在防治植物线虫病害上的应用 - Google Patents
黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ在防治植物线虫病害上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ在防治植物线虫病害上的应用,黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的结构如式(1)所示。黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对孢囊线虫、根结线虫、短体线虫、水稻干尖线虫均有强毒杀活性,特别是对孢囊线虫的毒力非常强。含有黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的油茶籽饼粉大田试验表明,对大豆孢囊线虫病害的防治效果与目前常用化学杀线虫剂噻唑磷的药效相当。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ(分子式C33H42O19)在防治植物线虫病害上的用途。
背景技术
植物线虫是植物重要病原生物之一,随着农业向产业化,基地化发展,长期大面积种植单一农作物,以及常年连作及土地重复利用率的提高,线虫在土壤中的数量迅速累积,线虫病害问题日益突出。在我国北方地区,小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera.avenarea,H.filipjevi)、大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)普遍发生且危害严重,对我国小麦和大豆的生产造成重大损失和影响(彭德良,张东升,齐淑华,陈品三.小麦禾谷孢囊线虫最佳调查时期和方法.植物保护,1993,19(5):48;彭德良,李惠霞,王锡锋,Ian Relay,JulieNicol,候生英,欧师琪.我国小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的新发生分布地区.中国线虫学研究(第二卷),2008,2:344-345;彭德良,黄文坤,孙建华,刘崇俊,张辉民.我国天津发现小麦禾谷孢囊线虫.中国线虫学研究(第四卷),2012,4:162-163;冯志新.植物线虫学〔M〕.北京:中国农业出版社,2001),南方地区的蔬菜、果树上根结线虫(Meloidogyne)发生普遍而且相当严重,北方地区现在采用大棚生产蔬菜,根结线虫病害也相当普遍而严重。杀线剂是目前防治线虫病害的有效措施之一,但当前的化学杀线剂均为高毒高残留农药,极易造成对农作物及生态环境的污染,而目前毒性较低的生物农药阿维菌素也在生产上出现了抗药性问题。因此寻求新的,多种类型的生物防治杀线剂,是目前防治农作物线虫病害的研究热点之一。
植物是生物活性化合物的的天然宝库,直接将天然产物(如植物的全株或某部分)加工成制剂用以控制害虫(如鱼藤酮,印楝素),或在充分研究植物天然杀虫活性成分、构效关系、毒杀机理的基础上,模拟合成新的高效低毒杀虫剂,这在植物杀虫剂方面已经有很成功的先例(如拟除虫菊酯类农药的研发),与此相比,植物源杀线剂的研究相对落后,直到20世纪80年代以后,从植物中寻找天然杀线虫活性物质的研究才开始受到关注(文艳华,冯志新,徐汉虹.植物粗提物对几种植物病原线虫的杀线活性筛选[J].华中农业大学学报,2001,20(3):235-238.),公开号为CN201210050127.5的中国发明专利公开了茶皂素对蔬菜根结线虫的防治方法,申请号为2014103322825的专利申请公开了茶皂素在防治大豆孢囊线虫病害上的应用;公开号CN1660848的中国发明专利公开了三尖杉酯类生物碱防治植物线虫病害的应用,但目前还未见黄酮类化合物对植物线虫防治应用的专利。
黄酮类(flavonoid)化合物广泛存在于自然界的多种植物和浆果中,泛指两个具有酚羟基的苯环(A、B环)通过中央三碳原子相互连结而成的一系列化合物,其基本母核为2-苯基色原酮。目前分离出的黄酮类化合物已超过4000种,少数以游离态存在,大多与糖结合以黄酮苷的形式存在(杨红.中药化学实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004)。根据中央三碳链的氧化程度,B环连接位置(2或3位)以及三碳链是否构成环状等特点,可将黄酮类化合物分为黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、花色素、查耳酮、黄烷醇及异黄酮、二氢异黄酮类等十五种。
黄酮类化合物具有保护心脑血管、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎抗菌抗病毒、清除氧自由基、降低胆固醇及调节免疫力等药理活性(Bent H,Havsteen.The bioehemistry andmedieal signifieanee of the flavonoids[J].Pharmacology&TheraPeuties,2002,96:67-202),且毒性较低,因此近年来,黄酮类化合物成为国内外天然药物、天然添加剂、保健品开发等领域的开发利用研究热点(董彩军,李锋.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].农产品加工,2010,2(2):65-69.)。油茶籽中的黄酮具有许多药用活性。张乃锋等在多赛特羊的精料补充料中添加300mg/kg的茶粕黄酮,与对照组相比,实验组羔羊的增重提高了9.8个百分点,且呼吸道疾病减少了64%;实验组育成羊的增重提高了6.1个百分点,呼吸道疾病减少了50%(张乃锋,张仲伦,刁其玉等.茶黄酮对羔羊增重和健康状况的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2005,8:18-19.);冯猛等在蛋鸡词料中添加藤茶黄酮,长期食用没有副作用,没有药残,并具有抑菌杀菌的作用,且能提高蛋鸡的成活率及产蛋率(冯猛,周健,黄业咸.藤茶黄酮对海兰蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2008,40(1):48-50)。本发明中的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ(分子式C33H42O19)是本实验室从山茶科(Camelliaceae)植物油茶(Camefera Oleifera))的种子中提取分离纯化而得到的,该化合物于2007年首次由LiNing等从山茶花(Camellia sinensis)的种子中提取得到并报道(LiN,Morikawa T,Matsuda H,et al.New flavanone oligoglycosides,theaflavanosides I,II,III,andIV,with hepatoprotective activity from the seeds of tea plant(Camelliasinensis)[J].Heterocycles.2007,71(5):1193-1201.)。该黄酮类化合物还未见有对线虫的作用研究。该化合物的结构式见(1)所述:
该化合物的制备是以山茶科植物的种子为材料,采用常规的已知方法,即有机溶剂提取,大孔树脂、硅胶柱层析分离,高效液相色谱分离纯化,同时进行杀线虫活性生测,从而得到具有强杀线虫活性的黄酮类单体化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于开发上述化合物(1)的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的新用途,即在防治植物线虫病害中的新用途。
黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ(分子式C33H42O19)作为杀线虫有效成分在防治植物线虫病害中的应用,黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的结构如式(1)所示。
所述植物线虫为孢囊线虫、根结线虫、短体线虫、水稻干尖线虫。
所述孢囊线虫为小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera.avenarea)或大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)。
所述的应用是将黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ制成农药施于发病植物表面或根部。
所述的防治植物线虫病害为抑制线虫卵孵化或杀死植物线虫及有效减少线虫侵染。
本发明化合物(1)所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ作为有效成分,添加到农药用载体或组合物中,制成农药,可以采用通常的农药剂型和使用方法,用于防治植物线虫病害。或者将含有这种成分的茶籽提取物、部位提取物(如茶籽黄酮)、分离部位添加到农药用载体或组合物中,制成农药制剂,用于防治植物线虫病害。可以采用通常的农药剂型和使用方法。
化合物(1)所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对植物线虫具有强毒杀活性,对小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera.avenarea)室内毒杀活性生测结果表明,处理36h,对小麦孢囊线虫的致死中浓度为LC50=4.326μg/ml,处理36h,对大豆孢囊线虫(Heteroderaglycines)的致死中浓度为LC50=90.275μg/ml,说明化合物(1)所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对孢囊线虫的毒杀活性很强;室内生测,处理南方根结线虫二龄幼虫24h和48h的致死中浓度分别为LC50=105.38μg/ml和LC50=81.25μg/ml,说明对根结线虫也具有强毒杀活性。含有化合物(1)所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的油茶籽饼粉田间防治大豆孢囊线虫病害,其防效与化学杀线剂噻唑磷的药效相当。
本发明的优点:
1)本发明所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ来源于山茶科的种子,在茶叶中也有少量存在,证明是对人体比较安全的。
2)室内生测及大田防治研究结果表明,黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对孢囊线虫、根结线虫、短体线虫、水稻干尖线虫均有强毒杀活性,特别是对孢囊线虫的毒力非常强。含有黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的油茶籽饼粉大田试验表明,对大豆孢囊线虫病害的防治效果与目前常用化学杀线虫剂噻唑磷的药效相当。
3)本发明所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ来源于天然植物中,在环境中易于降解,因此与化学杀线剂相比,具有低毒低残留的特性,更加环保,符合绿色植保和可持续农业生产和发展的需要。
具体实施方式
以下试验及操作是对本发明的进一步说明,而不应该当做对本发明的限制。
实施例1:化合物(1)所述的黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的制备
油茶籽经榨油后的残渣(茶籽饼)用植物粉粹机粉粹,过40目筛,以样品量的8倍(w/v)95%的食用乙醇浸泡,置于阴凉处,期间时常搅拌。5-7d后过滤,残渣再添加乙醇浸泡,反复两次,合并滤液。将乙醇滤液在旋转蒸发仪上减压,45℃以下浓缩,然后用石油醚萃取3次,去掉材料中的多余的油脂。在萃取脱脂后的溶液中加入量为3%的双氧水,调节PH值为10,放入60℃的水浴锅中,脱色90min。脱色后的溶液在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩至膏状,真空干燥,得粗提物。以粗提物为材料,采用大孔树脂吸附、乙醇水梯度洗脱的方法进行成分分离,通过室内杀线虫活性生测追踪,对杀线虫活性较强的馏分,采用正相硅胶及ODS反相硅胶柱进一步分离纯化,经高效液相色谱分离纯化制备,得到单体化合物,将有杀线虫活性的单体化合物进行各种光谱数据测定,将所得数据与有关资料进行比较,鉴定为化合物(1)黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ(分子式C33H42O19)。化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的光谱数据如下:1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ.12.05(1H,br s,5-OH),9.62(1H,4'-OH),7.34,6.80(各2H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-3',5'和H-2',6'),6.16,6.09(各1H,d,br s,H-6,8),5.51(1H,m,H-2),5.25(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,H-Glc-1-1),5.15(1H,d,J=5.0Hz,H-Rha-1),4.31(1H,d,J=7.6Hz,H-Glc-2-1),3.35(1H,overlapped,H-3a),2.72(1H,br d,J=14.6Hz,H-3b),1.18(3H,d,J=5.5Hz,H-Rha-6);ESI-MS显示其准分子离子峰为m/z 765[M+Na]+和m/z 741[M–H]–。
[α]27 D–45.4°(c 0.20,MeOH)
实施例2:对植物线虫的卵孵化抑制活性测定
对卵孵化抑制活性生测:用24孔生物培养板(在底部画好线),每孔加入0.5mL的1mg/mL的药液(加入卵粒后溶液最终浓度为0.83%),再加入0.1mL浓度为1000粒/mL的卵液,每处理设4次重复,以无菌水为对照,置25℃恒温箱,分别于第3、5、7d在倒置显微镜下记录孵出的二龄幼虫数,并计算卵孵化抑制率:
卵孵化抑制活性测定表明,以0.83mg/ml浓度处理南方根结线虫卵粒3、5、7d,对南方根结线虫卵孵化抑制率分别为80%、90%和94%,详见表1。
表1 theaflavanoside Ⅲ对南方根结线虫卵孵化抑制活性
注:1)表中数据格式为: 代表4次重复平均值,S.E为标准误;
2)表中数据为4次重复平均值,同列数据后标有相同字母表示在5%差异不显著(DMRT)
实施例3:对植物线虫的毒杀活性测定
称取0.05g化合物(1)黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ,溶于10mL的灭菌纯水中(样品先用少量50℃左右的灭菌水助溶,然后在定容至10mL),得到浓度为5mg/mL的浓度,然后依次用灭菌纯水稀释成所需梯度浓度。用24孔生物培养板,每孔加入0.5mL的各浓度梯度的药液,再加入0.5mL的二龄幼虫悬浮液(约100-200条),每个处理设4次重复,以无菌水做为对照,置25℃恒温箱,分别在24h、36h、48h、72h、96h(清水复苏24h),观察计数,在倒置显微镜下记录线虫死活数据,并计算校正死亡率:
生测结果表明,处理36h,对小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)的致死中浓度为LC50=4.326μg/ml,处理36h,对大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)的致死中浓度为LC50=90.275μg/ml,处理南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)二龄幼虫24h、48h的致死中浓度分别为LC50=105.38μg/ml及LC50=81.25μg/ml,说明对孢囊线虫有非常强的毒力,对根结线虫也有强毒杀活性,详见表2。
以0.83mg/ml浓度处理短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)(混合虫龄)和水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides bessryi)(混合虫龄)96h,清水复苏24h的校正死亡率分别达到79%和86%,详见表3。
表2 黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对孢囊线虫和根结线虫的毒杀活性测定
表3 0.83mg/mL黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ对短体线虫和水稻干尖线虫的毒杀活性测定
注:1)表中数据格式为: 代表4次重复平均值,S.E为标准误;
2)表中数据为4次重复平均值,同列数据后标有相同字母表示在5%差异不显著(DMRT)
实施例4:含有化合物(1)黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的油茶籽饼粉大田防治大豆孢囊线虫病害
2013年5月至6月,在中国农科院植保所廊坊基地大豆孢囊线虫感染地,进行了油茶籽饼粉防治大豆孢囊线虫病大田小区试验,每小区面积为15m2,设油茶籽饼粉每小区250g,360g,540g三种浓度处理,对照药剂为每小区10%噻唑磷颗粒剂50g,设不施药空白对照(CK),每种处理3次重复,随机排列。5月17日,将地耙匀后起跬,15m2一个小区,小区内开出4条小沟,将处理油茶籽饼粉均匀撒施在沟内,然后将大豆种子撒播在施了药剂的沟内,最后覆土并踩实,翌日浇水。一个月后,即6月20日进行取样调查,每个小区随机取10株,记录单株孢囊数,并进行统计分析,计算防效。试验结果表明,250g茶枯饼粉/小区的防效为43.7%,略差于化学杀线剂噻唑磷的48.8%,而360g油茶籽饼粉/小区的防效为47.6%,与化学杀线剂噻唑磷的药效相当,详见表4。
表4 油茶籽饼粉防治大豆孢囊线虫病害大田小区试验
Claims (5)
1.黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ作为杀线虫有效成分在防治植物线虫病害中的应用,黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ的结构如式(1)所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述植物线虫为孢囊线虫、根结线虫、短体线虫、水稻干尖线虫。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,所述孢囊线虫为小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,是将黄酮类化合物theaflavanoside Ⅲ制成农药施于发病植物根部或者土层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述的防治植物线虫病害为抑制线虫卵孵化或杀死植物线虫的幼虫或成虫及减少线虫的侵染。
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大豆不同品种根内类黄酮提取物对大豆胞囊线虫的抑制作用;段玉玺等;《大豆科学》;20141031;第33卷(第5期);第724-727页 * |
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