CN104905759B - 一种内窥镜的核心光学系统 - Google Patents

一种内窥镜的核心光学系统 Download PDF

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CN104905759B
CN104905759B CN201410094291.5A CN201410094291A CN104905759B CN 104905759 B CN104905759 B CN 104905759B CN 201410094291 A CN201410094291 A CN 201410094291A CN 104905759 B CN104905759 B CN 104905759B
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辜长明
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QINGDAO AOMEIKE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内窥镜核心光学系统，尤其涉及一种在可见光和近红外光齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统，属于微创医疗的技术领域。采用的方法是：物镜组具有正离焦和正场曲，转向组具有负离焦和负场曲，同时，在物镜组和转向组之间加入场镜组，场镜组位于物镜组的焦点附近，场镜组与物镜组组合后，具有与转向组的负离焦和负场曲相匹配的正离焦和正场曲。本发明的技术方案有效解决了物镜组和转向组独自在宽光谱范围内校正像差难以实现的缺点，采用的转向组结构与传统HOPKINS转向系统相比，具有加工更简单，精度更好控制，成本更低等优点，特别适宜用于红外荧光微创手术，解决此类手术采用传统内窥镜需要反复调焦的问题。

Description

一种内窥镜的核心光学系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内窥镜的核心光学系统，尤其涉及一种在可见光和近红外光齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统，属于微创医疗的技术领域。
背景技术
医用内窥镜作为微创手术的重要组成部分，得到了越来越广泛的应用，由于微创手术技术的不断进步，对内窥镜也提出了更高的技术要求，比如，目前一种比较有前景的应用是在微创手术过程中加入近红外荧光分析技术，这就要求内窥镜系统必须具备宽光谱成像的能力，要求同时在可见光(400nm-700nm)和近红外(700nm-900nm)成像，且保证可见光和近红外的成像齐焦。目前，传统的内窥镜系统虽然可以在可见光和近红外成像，但近红外的成像位置与可见光的成像位置之间一般有0.3mm-0.5mm的离焦，导致在观察红外荧光图像时需要重新调焦，由于手术过程中医生会反复切换可见光图像和近红外的荧光图像,每次重新调焦会严重影响医生手术操作效率，因此，需要具备在可见光和近红外齐焦成像的内窥镜系统以满足医生手术过程的操作要求。
内窥成像系统主要由内窥镜光学系统、摄像机适配器光学系统以及图像传感器构成，内窥镜光学系统由内窥镜核心光学系统和目镜光学系统组成, 内窥镜核心光学系统由物镜组和转向组组成，内窥镜的成像质量主要由核心光学系统的成像质量决定，物镜组将术野成像到物镜组焦面上，转向组由奇数组放大倍率为-1倍的HOPKINS棒镜系统组成，转向组的目的是将物镜组所成的像1:1传递到转向组最后的像面上，以保证内窥镜具有足够的工作长度。内窥镜核心光学系统所成的术野的像，经过目镜光学系统后成虚像，摄像机适配器光学系统将此虚像成像到图像传感器上，并通过电路和软件处理将术野图像实时送到监视器上，供医生观察。
要实现齐焦,要求整个内窥镜成像系统的各组成部分对可见光和近红外光都齐焦,具体的说,要求内窥镜核心光学系统,目镜光学系统以及摄像机适配器光学系统都齐焦。判断是否齐焦，用离焦量来衡量。针对此应用，近红外光和可见光的离焦量可以这样定义：近红外850nm波长的中心视场的成像位置相对于可见光550nm波长处的中心视场的成像位置的轴向距离即为850nm的离焦量。为简化描述，后面所述的离焦量均指近红外光850nm和可见光550nm之间的中心视场的离焦量。分析发现，当内窥镜核心光学系统同时实现离焦量小于0.05mm，边缘视场场曲小于0.1mm，目镜光学系统和摄像机适配器光学系统的离焦量都小于0.02mm，边缘视场场曲小于0.02时，整个内窥镜系统可以实现齐焦成像。
实现目镜光学系统和摄像机适配器光学系统离焦量小于0.02mm和边缘视场场曲小于0.02mm相对比较容易，但内窥镜核心光学系统要同时实现离焦量小于0.05mm，边缘视场场曲小于0.1mm非常困难，目前尚未发现有报道达到此
要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种在可见光（400nm-700nm）和近红外光（700nm-900nm）齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统，采用的方法是：物镜组具有正离焦和正场曲，转向组具有负离焦和负场曲，同时，在物镜组和转向组之间加入场镜组，场镜组位于物镜组的焦点附近，场镜组与物镜组组合后，具有与转向组匹配的正离焦和正场曲，使内窥镜核心光学系统的850nm离焦量小于0.05mm，边缘视场场曲<0.1mm，系统成像良好。
现结合附图详细说明本发明的技术方案：
一种在可见光（400nm-700nm）和近红外光（700nm-900nm）齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统结构，含物镜组1，转向组2，场镜组3，其特征在于，物镜组1是光学透镜组，在物镜组1的成像面上，波长 850nm具有正场曲和正离焦，离焦量小于0.5mm，场镜组3置于物镜组1和转向组2之间，位于物镜组1的像面附近，形成物镜组1的像的远心虚像，在虚像位置，波长850nm具有小于物镜组1的正离焦量，边缘视场具有小于物镜组1的场曲，转向组2是无焦系统，由3组或5组结构完全一致的-1倍棒镜转向系统21组成，-1倍棒镜转向系统21由3个三胶合透镜组成，包括前组棒镜211，中间棒镜212，后组棒镜213，中间棒镜212由正透镜2121，负棒镜2122和正透镜2123胶合构成，正透镜2121和正透镜2123都是双凸正透镜，正透镜2121与正透镜2123具有完全相同的材料，结构和尺寸，负棒镜2122是双凹负透镜，两个球面的曲率半径相等，也与正透镜2121和正透镜2123的胶合面的曲率半径相等，后组棒镜213和前组棒镜211具有完全相同的材料，结构和尺寸，相对于中间棒镜212对称布置，前组棒镜211，中间棒镜212，后组棒镜213以共轴的方式依次排列，前组棒镜211与中间棒镜212之间的距离与中间棒镜212和后组棒镜213之间的距离相等，-1倍棒镜转向系统21的物距与像距相等，3组或5组-1倍棒镜转向系统21以相邻两组-1倍棒镜转向系统21的物面和像面重合的方式依次排列，构成转向组2，转向组2具有负的离焦量和负场曲，离焦量的数值大于0.1mm，场曲的数值大于物镜组1，场镜组3和转向组2组合构成的内窥镜核心光学系统，具有较小的离焦量和边缘视场较小的场曲，离焦量小于0.05mm，场曲小于0.1mm，中心视场传递函数MTF值在150对线/mm大于0.3，边缘视场传递函数MTF值在150对线/mm大于0.2。
本发明的技术方案的进一步技术特征在于，所述的场镜组3是双胶合弯月透镜。
本发明的技术方案的进一步技术特征在于，所述的-1倍棒镜转向系统21的前组棒镜211，含正透镜2111，负棒镜2112，正透镜2113，正透镜21是双凸正透镜，负棒镜2112是双凹负透镜，正透镜2113具有与正透镜2111完全相同的材料，结构和尺寸，负透镜2112两个球面的曲率半径相同，与正透镜2111和2113的胶合面的曲率半径相同。
本发明的优点在于：1、通过物镜组，场镜组和转向组离焦量和场曲正负相互抵消以达到控制红外光与可见光波段的离焦量和场曲，保证内窥镜核心光学系统的成像质量，有效解决了物镜组和转向组独自在宽光谱范围内校正像差难以实现的缺点；2、所采用的转向组结构与传统HOPKINS转向系统相比，具有加工更简单，精度更好控制，成本更低等优点。
附图说明
图1： 本发明的内窥镜核心光学系统结构示意图。
图2： -1倍棒镜转向系统21结构示意图。
图3： 实施例的物镜结构及成像原理示意图。
图4： 实施例-1倍棒镜转向系统21成像原理示意图。
图5： 实施例物镜组1的离焦量和场曲示意图。
图6：物镜组1和场镜组3组合后的离焦量和场曲示意图。
图7：实施例转向组2的离焦量和场曲示意图。
图8：实施例内窥镜核心光学系统离焦量和场曲示意图。
图9：实施例内窥镜核心光学系统成像传递函数。
具体实施方式
实施例以一款视场角75°，像方数值孔径为0.12的10mm腹腔内窥镜的核心光学系统为例说明本发明的技术方案和工作原理。实施例具有与发明内容所述结构完全相同的结构，为避免重复，仅罗列关键数据。
物镜组1的结构示意如图3所示，含5组透镜，场镜组3是双胶合弯月透镜，转像组2由3组-1倍棒镜转向系统构成，-1倍棒镜转向系统21的结构示意如图4所示，前组棒镜211含正透镜2111，负棒镜2112，正透镜2113，正透镜2111是双凸正透镜，负棒镜2112是双凹负透镜，正透镜2113具有与正透镜2111完全相同的材料，结构和尺寸，负透镜2112两个球面的曲率半径相同，与正透镜2111和2113的胶合面的曲率半径相同，物镜组1的离焦量及场曲曲线如图5所示，物镜组1和场镜组2组合的离焦及场曲曲线如图6所示，转向组3的离焦量及场曲曲线如图7所示，内窥镜核心光学系统成像的离焦量和场曲曲线如图8所示，内窥镜核心光学系统的传递函数如图9所示。
工作原理为：物镜组将术野成像到物镜组的后焦面上，此成像具有正的离焦量和正的场曲，场镜组将此像又成一远心的虚像到转像组的物面上，此虚像位置与转向组的物面重合，并且离焦量和场曲都减小，-1倍棒镜转向系统的成像原理如图所示，经过3组-1倍棒镜转向系统后，最后术野将成像到最后一组-1倍棒镜转向系统的成像面上。 棒镜转向系统具有负的离焦量和负的场曲，由于当光学系统组合时，同向像差会相互叠加，反向像差会相互抵消，因此由物镜组，场镜组和转像组组合后的系统，离焦量和场曲都将相互抵消内窥镜核心光学系统具有较小的离焦量和场曲，从内窥镜核心光学系统的离焦量和场曲曲线及传递函数图可以看出，本实施例具有较小的离焦量和场曲，离焦量小于0.04mm，场曲小于0.08mm，从传递函数曲线可以看出本系统达到了高清内窥镜系统的成像要求。
本发明的技术方案，特别适宜用于红外荧光微创手术，解决此类手术采用传统内窥镜需要反复调焦的问题。

Claims (3)

1.一种在可见光和近红外光齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统结构，含物镜组（1），转向组（2），场镜组（3），其特征在于，物镜组（1）是光学透镜组，在物镜组（1）的成像面上，波长850nm的光成像具有正场曲和正离焦，离焦量小于0.5mm，场镜组（3）置于物镜组（1）和转向组（2）之间，位于物镜组（1）的像面附近，形成物镜组（1）的像的远心虚像，转向组（2）是无焦系统，由3组或5组结构完全一致的-1倍棒镜转向系统（21）组成，-1倍棒镜转向系统（21）由3个三胶合透镜组成，包括前组棒镜（211），中间棒镜（212），后组棒镜（213），中间棒镜（212）是由两个完全相同的双凸正透镜（2121）、（2123）和一个双凹负棒镜（2122）胶合而成，双凹负棒镜（2122）两个球面的曲率半径相等，也与两个双凸正透镜（2121）、（2123）的胶合面的曲率半径相等，后组棒镜（213）和前组棒镜（211）具有完全相同的材料，结构和尺寸，相对于中间棒镜（212）对称布置，前组棒镜（211），中间棒镜（212），后组棒镜（213）以共轴的方式依次排列，前组棒镜（211）与中间棒镜（212）之间的距离与中间棒镜（212）和后组棒镜（213）之间的距离相等，-1倍棒镜转向系统（21）的物距与像距相等，3组或5组-1倍棒镜转向系统（21）以相邻两组-1倍棒镜转向系统（21）的物面和像面重合的方式依次排列，构成转向组（2），转向组（2）具有负的离焦量和负场曲，离焦量的数值大于0.1mm，物镜组（1），场镜组（3）和转向组（2）组合构成的内窥镜核心光学系统，具有较小的离焦量和边缘视场较小的场曲，离焦量小于0.05mm，场曲小于0.1mm，中心视场传递函数MTF值在150对线/mm大于0.3，边缘视场传递函数MTF值在150对线/mm大于0.2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种在可见光和近红外光齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统结构，其特征在于，所述的场镜组（3）是双胶合弯月透镜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种在可见光和近红外光齐焦成像的内窥镜核心光学系统结构，其特征在于， 所述的-1倍棒镜转向系统的前组棒镜（211）由两个完全相同的双凸正透镜（2111）、（2113）和一个双凹负棒镜（2112）胶合而成，双凹负棒镜（2112）两个球面的曲率半径相等，也与两个双凸正透镜（2111）、（2113）的胶合面的曲率半径相等。
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