CN104876849B - 一种吲哚衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了通式I所示的一种吲哚衍生物,I其中:R1选自氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、甲基、乙基、甲氧基;X为-CH2-或-C(=O)-;R为环己基,苯基。本发明的化合物具有新颖的结构骨架,具有较好的抗HCMV病毒活性,可作为先导化合物用于抗HCMV药物的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吲哚衍生物及其应用,属于有机化合物合成与医药应用技术领域。
背景技术
人类巨细胞病毒(Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)是普遍存在于自然界的DNA 病毒,人体感染率高达50%~80%,初次感染可通过体液接触、输血或器官移植传播。它是一个重要的条件致病因子,在免疫功能正常的健康人群中常引起轻微或无症状感染,而对于免疫功能低下或缺陷的患者,原发感染或病毒潜伏感染后,可引起严重的甚至是致死性的疾病。孕妇原发或继发HCMV感染均可引起新生儿宫内感染或围产期感染,是目前引起胎儿出生缺陷的主要原因;在器官移植、骨髓移植、免疫缺陷患者以及免疫抑制剂治疗的患者中,HCMV感染是高发病率与致死率的重要原因,可引起视网膜炎、间质性肝炎、肺炎、器官移植物损伤等严重的HCMV疾病,如不及时治疗,可致盲或致死,死亡率高达70%以上。近年来的研究表明,人类巨细胞病毒与胃肠道疾病、动脉粥样硬化也有一定的关系。因此,研制一种可用于保护这些高危人群的抗HCMV病毒药物,具有重大的公共卫生学意义。
目前为止,还没有一种HCMV疫苗获准上市,临床治疗HCMV感染主要采用核苷类抗病毒药物如更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠和西多福韦等。虽然此类药物具有一定的疗效,但存在口服生物利用度低、毒副作用如肾毒性、肝毒性大,骨髓抑制、呼吸及神经系统紊乱等问题,尤其是耐药病毒株的出现,迫切需要研发出新型、高效低毒的抗HCMV抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种新型的吲哚衍生物,该类吲哚衍生物是具有如下结构通式的化合物:
其中:
R1选自氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、甲基、乙基、甲氧基;
X为-CH2-或-C(=O)-;
R为环己基或苯基。
本发明所述的吲哚类衍生物的制备方法如下:
以2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-取代苯乙酰胺(II)为原料,在适宜的溶剂和碱性条件下,分别与相应的RXX’(III)反应而获得本发明化合物(I),其反应式如下所示:
其中:R1选自氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、甲基、乙基、甲氧基;
X’为F、Cl、Br、I;
X为-CH2-或-C(=O)-;
R为环己基或苯基。
上述方法的具体操作如下:
(1)中间体2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-取代苯乙酰胺(II)用如下方法制备:
在干燥的三颈瓶中加入3-巯基吲哚(0.01mol,1.502g)、20ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和无水碳酸钾固体(K2CO3,0.01mol,1.3821g) ,搅拌片刻,加入α-溴代-N-取代苯基乙酰胺IV(0.01mol),加热至80℃下搅拌反应4-5小时,TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中搅拌析出沉淀物,抽滤,冰水洗涤,烘干得2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-取代苯乙酰胺(II)粗品,可不经纯化直接用于下一步;其反应式如下所示:
其中:取代的溴乙酰苯胺(IV)按照文献(Thomas J. Tucker, Sandeep Saggar.et.al. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2008,18,2959-2966)用如下方法制备,反应式如下所示:
;
(2)中间体2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-苯乙酰胺(Ⅱ)与RXX’反应而获得本发明化合物(I)时,按摩尔比为1:1~1:1.2混合,反应温度控制在25℃~100℃之间,反应时间为4~15小时,然后将反应液倒入冰水中,搅拌析出沉淀,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤沉淀,抽滤烘干,得粗品,粗产品经过柱层析或重结晶后,获得纯产品;
反应中所用的溶剂是二氯甲烷或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;碱是醇钠,碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、氢化钠、三乙胺等。
上述结构式中取代基如上所定义,R1选自氢、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、甲基、乙基或甲氧基;X为-CH2-或-C(=O)-;R为环己基或苯基。
本发明另一目的是将吲哚衍生物应用在制备治疗和预防人类巨细胞病毒感染药物中。
经生物活性测试表明,本发明所述的吲哚类衍生物,具有明显的抗HCMV病毒活性、较小的细胞毒性和较高的选择性指数,活性比现有药物如Ganciclovir(更昔洛韦)高。可应用于制备治疗和预防病毒性感染药物特别是HCMV病毒感染药物,也可作为新型抗HCMV先导化合物作进一步研究与开发。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容,本发明实施例中所用方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。
实施例1: 中间体2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)乙酰胺的合成,具体操作如下:
于干燥的三颈瓶中加入3-巯基吲哚(0.01mol),用20ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后加入无水碳酸钾固体(0.01mol),搅拌片刻,加入2-溴-N-(2-溴代苯基)乙酰胺(0.01mol),加热至80℃下搅拌反应5小时,TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中搅拌析出沉淀物,抽滤,冰水洗涤,烘干得2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)-巯基)-N-(2-溴代苯基)乙酰胺粗品,可不经纯化直接用于下一步。
实施例2:N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-((1-(环己基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)乙酰胺(Ia)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol, 0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入溴甲基环己烷(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌3小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 15:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 Ia纯品,检测结果如下:
收率:68.0%;熔点: 118.2-119.2℃;1HNMR(CDCl3, 300MHz), δ(ppm): 0.97-1.15(m, 5H, cyclohexyl), 1.53-1.64(m, 7H, cyclohexyl), 1.71-1.82(m, 1H,cyclohexyl),3.54(s, 2H, S-CH2), 3.84-3.89(d, 6H, 2CH3), 3.87-3.89(d, 2H, CH2-cyclohexyl),6.79-6.80(m, 2H, Ph-H), 7.17-7.36(m, 4H, Ph-H), 7.33-7.60(m, 1H,Ph-H), 7.75-7.77(m, 1H), 8.30(s, 1H, Ph-NH)
FT-IR(KBr), v(cm-1):1435.10, 1546.44, 1595.74 (Ar), 1683.68(C=O),2922.94(cyclohexyl), 3245.79(NH)。
实施例3:N-(2-溴苯基)-2-((1-(环己基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)乙酰胺(Ib)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol,0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入溴甲基环己烷(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌5小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 15:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 Ib纯品。检测结果如下:
Ib
收率:73.5% 熔点: 112.1-113.0℃1HNMR(CDCl3, 400MHz), δ(ppm): 0.85-0.92(m, 2H, cyclohexyl), 1.05-1.07(m, 3H, cyclohexyl), 1.49-1.78(m, 6H,cyclohexyl), 3.60(s, 2H, S-CH2), 3.84-3.86(d, 2H, CH2-cyclohexyl), 6.94-6.70(m, 1H, Ar), 7.16-7.32(m, 5H, Ar), 7.53,7.56(d, J=8.1Hz, 1H, Ar), 7.74,7.77(d, J=7.5Hz, 1H, Ar), 8.35,8.38(d, J=8.1Hz, 1H, Ar), 9.24(s, 1H, NH)
FT-IR(KBr), v(cm-1):1433.34, 1512.84, 1682.82(Ar), 1692.45(C=O),2840.70, 2920.80(cyclohexyl), 3308.47(NH)。
实施例4:N-(2-溴苯基)-2-((1-(甲基苯)-1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)乙酰胺(Ic)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)-N-(2-溴苯基)乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol,0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入苄溴(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌6小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 15:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 Ic纯品。检测结果如下:
Ic
收率:36.8% 熔点: 134.3-135.3℃1HNMR(CDCl3, 300MHz), δ(ppm): 3.61(s,2H, S-CH2), 5.23(s, 2H, CH2Ph), 6.95-8.36(m, 14H, Ar), 9.24(s, 1H, NH),
13CNMR(CDCl3, 75MHz), δ(ppm): 41.74(S-CH2), 50.37(s, 2H, CH2Ph), 102.54(C, Ar), 110.39(CH, Ar), 119.16(CH, Ar), 120.78(CH, Ar), 121.29(CH, Ar),122.89(CH, Ar), 125.20(CH, Ar), 127.02(CH, Ar),127.92(2CH, Ar), 128.40(CH,Ar), 128.85(CH, Ar), 129.17(2CH, Ar), 132.36(CH, Ar), 133.17(CH, Ar), 135.63(C, Ar), 136.28(C, Ar), 136.96(C, Ar), 152.66(CH-S),
FT-IR(KBr), v(cm-1):1438.13, 1516.36, 1588.77(Ar), 1682.97(C=O),3318.18(NH)。
实施例5:N-(2,5-二氟苯基)-2-((1-(环己基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)乙酰胺(Id)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)-N-(2,5-二氟苯基)乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol,0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入溴甲基环己烷(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌3小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 15:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 Id纯品。检测结果如下:
Id
收率:80.7% 熔点: 113.2-114.2℃1HNMR(CDCl3, 300 MHz), δ(ppm): 0.91-1.78(m, 11H, cyclohexane), 3.58(s, 2H, S-CH2), 3.87-3.90(d, 2H, CH2-cyclohexyl),6.82-6.88(m, 2H, Ph), 7.16-7.35(m, 4H, indole), 7.73-7.75(d, J=7.8Hz, 1H,indole), 8.19-8.23(m,1H, Ph), 8.71(s, 1H, NH)
FT-IR(KBr), v(cm-1): 3340.71 (NH), 2923.64-2852.87 (cyclohexyl),1682.81(C=O), 1534.82-1497.60 (Ar)。
实施例6:N-(2-氟苯基)-2-((1-(环己基甲基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)乙酰胺(Ie)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基)巯基)-N-(2-氟苯基)乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol,0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入溴甲基环己烷(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌9小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 15:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 Ie纯品。检测结果如下:
Ie
收率:78.1% 熔点:96.9-97.3℃;1HNMR(CDCl3, 400MHz),δ(ppm): 0.87-0.90(m,2H,cyclohexane), 1.06-1.10(m,3H, cyclohexane), 1.50-1.60(m, 5H, cyclohexane),1.74-1.75(t, 1H, cyclohexane), 3.56(s, 2H, S-CH2), 3.84,3.86(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H,CH2-cyclohexane), 7.02-7.32(m, 7H, Ar), 7.72-7.74(m, 1H, indole), 8.23-8.27(m, 1H, Ar), 8.83(s, 1H, NH)
FT-IR (KBr), v(cm-1):1450.63, 1531.98, 1610.85(Ar), 1664.95(C=O),3275.32(NH)。
实施例7:N-(3,4-二甲氧基)-2-((1-环己基甲酰基-1H-吲哚-3-基) 巯基))苯乙酰胺(If)的合成,具体操作如下:
在50mL烧瓶中加入2-((1H-吲哚-3-基) 巯基))-N-(3,4-二甲氧基)苯乙酰胺(2mmol)、用3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解后,置以冰浴中搅拌条件下分三次加入NaH(3mmol, 0.072g),搅拌片刻,加入环己基甲酰氯(3mmol,0.5312g),搅拌12小时。TLC跟踪反应至原料点消失,停止反应,将反应液倒入冰水中,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压蒸除乙酸乙酯得粗品。粗产品经过柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 = 16:1)纯化,得白色粉末固体 If纯品。检测结果如下:
If
收率:70.3% 熔点:128.1-130.0℃ 1HNMR(CDCl3, 300MHz), δ(ppm): 1.26-1.37(m, 3H, cyclohexyl)), 1.54-1.66(m, 3H, cyclohexyl), 1.74-1.91(m, 4H,cyclohexyl), 2.82(m, 1H, cyclohexyl), 3.61(s, 2H, S-CH2), 3.82-3.85(m, 6H,CH3), 6.75-6.83(m, 2H, Ar), 7.19-7.44(m, 3H, Ar), 7.62-7.69(m, 2H, Ar), 8.15-8.16(s, 1H, Ar), 8.50(s, 1H, NH)
FT-IR(KBr), v(cm-1):1449.51, 1516.21, 1608.93(Ar), 1695.59(C=O),2852.63, 2932.44(cyclohexyl), 3267.46(NH)。
实施例8:HCMV生物活性检测实验
体外细胞水平的抗HCMV病毒活性由比利时Katholleke大学的Rega药物研究所测定,主要包括:对HCMV感染的HEL细胞的抑制活性及细胞毒性两方面;方法如下:将化合物置于HCMV感染的HEL细胞中,处理不同时间,采用蚀斑降低法测定药物对HCMV诱变的细胞病变的保护作用,计算使50%的细胞免于HCMV诱导的细胞病变所需的浓度半数有效浓度IC50值,毒性测定与抗HCMV活性实验平行进行,本实施例中使用的材料与方法内容如下:
各化合物的抗HCMV活性由药物对HCMV在细胞中引起的细胞病变的抑制作用效率来监控,采用HEL细胞进行细胞培养,采用的病毒株有:AD-169病毒株及Davis病毒株。
具体操作如下:
抗病毒活性测试
将置于96孔板的HEL细胞接种100个蚀斑形成单位(PFU)病毒(毒株:AD-169或Davis),37℃培养吸附2h后,洗去残余病毒,被感染细胞加入含有梯度稀释待测化合物的Eagle’s MEM培养液(补充1% L-谷氨酰胺、10%灭活胎牛血清和0.3%碳酸氢钠),置于37℃5% CO2培养箱培养。7天后,用乙醇固定细胞,并用2.5%的Giemsa染液染色,随后用显微镜计数蚀斑。药物抑制浓度以药物对病毒细胞病变作用产生50%抑制作用(抑制50%蚀斑形成)的浓度(IC50)表示。
细胞毒性测试
细胞毒性测试基于化合物对HEL细胞增长的抑制作用。简而言之,取HEL细胞,以5×103 cells/well细胞铺于96孔板,培养2小时后,加不同浓度的化合物,置于37℃,5% CO2培养箱进行培养。3天后,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,并用Coulter计数器计数细胞。细胞毒性分别采用CC50及MCC表达,其中,CC50表示抑制50%细胞生长所需化合物的浓度,而MCC表示引起正常细胞形态病变的最低浓度。
以上测试均同时进行两次,取其平均值,并以此计算化合物选择性指数SI=CC50/IC50。
本实施例中使用市售的Ganciclovir(更昔洛韦)和Cidofovir(西多福韦)作对照品,目标化合物对HCMV的抑制活性结果见表1。
表1:不同化合物对HCMV的抑制活性结果
结果表明:化学结构通式中所包含的化合物普遍具有较好的抗HCMV病毒活性,较小的细胞毒性和较高的选择性指数。所有化合物的活性均高于上市药物Ganciclovir,可应用于制备治疗和预防病毒性感染药物特别是HCMV病毒感染药物,也可作为新型抗HCMV先导化合物作进一步研究与开发。
Claims (4)
1.一种吲哚衍生物,其特征在于具有如下结构通式:
其中: R1选自氢、卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基;
X为-CH2-时,R为环己基;
X为-C(=O)-时,R为环己基或苯基。
2.根据权利要求1所述吲哚衍生物,其特征在于:R1为氢、F、Cl、Br、I、甲基、乙基或甲氧基。
3.权利要求1所述的吲哚衍生物在制备治疗和预防HCMV病毒感染药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述吲哚衍生物在制备治疗和预防HCMV病毒感染药物中的应用,所述吲哚衍生物结构通式如下:
其中:R1选自氢、卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基;
X为-CH2-;
R为苯基。
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