CN104869926A - 骨锚组件 - Google Patents

骨锚组件 Download PDF

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CN104869926A
CN104869926A CN201380050720.2A CN201380050720A CN104869926A CN 104869926 A CN104869926 A CN 104869926A CN 201380050720 A CN201380050720 A CN 201380050720A CN 104869926 A CN104869926 A CN 104869926A
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bone anchor
compression element
screw
arm
receptor component
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CN104869926B (zh
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F.斯普拉特
E.奎恩塔尼哈
T.钱丹森
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Medos International SARL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped

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  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种骨锚组件，所述骨锚组件包括骨锚、用于接收待联接到所述骨锚的脊柱固定元件的接收器构件、定位在所述接收器构件内的压缩构件、以及包括外定位螺钉和内定位螺钉的闭合机构。所述外定位螺钉将向远侧力传递到所述压缩构件以相对于所述接收器构件固定所述骨锚。所述压缩构件的所述近侧表面具有被配置成限制所述压缩构件臂的变形的形状，所述变形包括所述压缩构件臂相对于彼此的运动。所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面具有与所述压缩构件的所述近侧表面的形状互补的形状。

Description

骨锚组件
背景技术
骨锚可用于整形外科手术中，以在愈合或融合过程期间固定骨。在脊柱外科手术中，骨锚可与脊柱固定元件诸如脊柱杆一起使用，以便刚性地稳定多个椎骨以期望椎骨之间没有相对运动，或动态地稳定椎骨以期望椎骨之间具有有限的受控运动。闭合机构通常用于将脊柱固定元件固定在骨锚的接收器构件的两个间隔开的臂之间。在某些骨锚组件中，还将脊柱固定元件设置在定位于接收器构件内的压缩构件的间隔开的臂之间。扣紧闭合机构可导致骨锚组件的部件的变形，所述骨锚组件包括例如接收器构件或压缩构件。这种变形可使得接收器机构的臂或压缩构件的臂分离或张开，这可导致闭合机构随时间推移而变松，并且在最坏情况下，可导致脊柱固定元件与骨锚组件分离。
因此，需要改进的骨锚组件，以使得该组件的部件在扣紧期间的变形最小化。
发明内容
本文公开了改进的骨锚组件，具体地讲，公开了结合脊柱固定元件使用以固定多个椎骨的改进的骨锚组件。
根据一个方面，骨锚组件包括具有近侧头部和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴的骨锚、用于接收待联接到骨锚的脊柱固定元件的接收器构件、被定位在接收器构件的中心通道内的压缩构件、外定位螺钉、以及内定位螺钉。
接收器构件具有近侧端部、远侧端部和中心通道。接收器构件的近侧端部具有一对间隔开的接收器构件臂，所述接收器构件臂在两者间限定凹陷部，并且接收器构件臂可包括内螺纹。接收器构件的远侧端部具有限定开口的远侧端部表面，骨锚中的至少一部分延伸穿过所述开口。中心通道在近侧端部和远侧端部之间延伸，并且在远侧端部表面中与开口连通。中心通道具有在近侧端部和远侧端部之间延伸的中心纵向轴线。
压缩构件具有近侧端部和远侧端部。压缩构件的近侧端部具有一对间隔开的压缩构件臂，所述压缩构件臂限定用于接收杆的U形座。每个压缩构件臂具有近侧表面。压缩构件的远侧端部具有能够与骨锚的近侧头部接合的远侧表面。
外定位螺钉包括用于接合接收器构件臂的第一内螺纹的第一外螺纹。外定位螺钉具有能够与压缩构件臂的近侧表面接合的远侧表面，以及从外定位螺钉的顶部表面到外定位螺钉的底部表面的定位螺钉中心通道。定位螺钉中心通道具有第二内螺纹。
内定位螺钉能够被定位在定位螺钉中心通道内并且具有用于接合外定位螺钉的第二内螺纹的第二外螺纹。内定位螺钉能够操作以作用于脊柱杆以相对于接收器构件固定脊柱杆。
外定位螺钉与接收器构件臂的接合导致外定位螺钉的远侧表面接合压缩构件臂的近侧表面，并且导致外定位螺钉从而将向远侧力传递到压缩构件以相对于接收器构件固定骨锚。压缩构件臂的近侧表面具有被配置成抵抗压缩构件臂的变形的形状，并且具体地讲，具有被配置成限制压缩构件臂两者朝向彼此和远离彼此的相对运动的形状。外定位螺钉的远侧表面具有与压缩构件臂的近侧表面的形状互补的形状。
附图说明
参照结合附图的下列具体实施方式，将更充分地理解本文所公开的装置和方法的这些和其它特征和优点，其中在不同的视图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。附图示出了本文所公开的装置和方法的原理，并且尽管未按比例绘制但示出了相对尺寸。
图1为骨锚组件的示例性实施例的分解透视图；
图2为图1的骨锚组件的横截面的分解图；
图3为图1的骨锚组件的横截面的侧视图；
图4为图1的骨锚组件的压缩构件的透视图；
图5为图1的骨锚组件的压缩构件的剖视图；
图6为骨锚组件的另一个示例性实施例的横截面的分解图；
图7为图6的骨锚组件的横截面的侧视图；
图8为图6的压缩构件的透视图；
图9为图6的压缩构件的横截面的侧视图；
图10为骨锚组件的另一个示例性实施例的横截面的分解图；
图11为图6的骨锚组件的横截面的侧视图；
图12为图6的压缩构件的透视图；
图13为图6的压缩构件的横截面的侧视图；
图14为骨锚组件的另一个示例性实施例的横截面的侧视图；
图15-25为骨锚组件的其它示例性实施例的横截面的侧视图；和
图26为现有技术的骨螺钉组件的横截面的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将描述某些示例性实施例，以从整体上理解本文所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造和用途。这些实施例的一个或多个实例在附图中示出。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，文中具体描述并示出于附图中的装置和方法均为非限制性的示例性实施例，并且本发明的范围仅由权利要求书限定。就一个示例性实施例进行图解说明或描述的特征，可与其它实施例的特征进行组合。这种修改形式和变化形式旨在包括在本发明的范围之内。
本文所用冠词“一个”和“一种”是指一个或不止一个(即，至少一个)冠词的语法对象。以举例的方式，“元件”是指一个元件或多于一个元件。
本文所用术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”及其衍生词可作为综合的可广泛解释的术语互换使用。例如，使用“包含”、“包括”或“具有”表示所包含、具有或包括的任何元件不是含有该动词的从句的主语所涵盖的唯一元件。
图1-5示出了骨锚组件10的示例性实施例，该骨锚组件包括骨锚12、用于接收待联接到骨锚12的脊柱固定元件(诸如脊柱杆22)的接收器构件14、以及用于将脊柱固定元件捕获在接收器构件14内并将脊柱固定元件相对于接收器构件14固定的闭合机构16。骨锚12包括近侧头部18和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴20。接收器构件14具有近侧端部26和远侧端部32，所述近侧端部26具有其间限定凹陷部30的一对间隔开的接收器构件臂28A、28B，所述远侧端部32具有限定开口33的远侧端部表面34，骨锚12的至少一部分延伸穿过该开口33。闭合机构16可被定位在臂28A、28B之间并可接合臂28A、28B，以将脊柱固定元件例如脊柱杆22捕获在接收器构件14内并将脊柱固定元件相对于接收器构件14固定。
继续参考图1-5，在示例性实施例中，骨锚12的近侧头部16大体为截顶球体，该截顶球体具有平坦的近侧表面36和大致球形的远侧表面38。示例性骨锚组件为多轴骨螺钉，其被设计用于后期植入椎骨的椎弓根或侧块中。就这一点而言，骨锚12的近侧头部18以球窝状构造接合接收器构件14的远侧端部32，其中近侧头部18并因而远侧轴20可相对于接收器构件14枢转。骨锚12的近侧头部18的远侧表面38和接收器构件14的远侧端部32内的配合面可具有有利于该球窝状布置的任何形状，包括例如球形(如图所示)、环形、锥形、截头圆锥形以及这些形状的任何组合。
骨锚12的远侧轴20可被配置为接合骨并且在例示的实施例中包括外部骨接合螺纹40。远侧轴20的螺纹形式(包括螺纹扣数、节距、大直径和小直径、以及螺纹形状)可被选定以有利于与骨连接。示例性螺纹形式的例子在2011年5月18日提交的美国专利申请公开2011-0288599和2012年8月22日提交的美国专利申请公开US 2013-0053901中有所公开。作为另外一种选择，远侧轴20可包括用于接合骨的其它结构，包括钩。骨锚12的远侧轴20可为中空的，具有将骨锚的长度延伸的中心通道或插管，以有利于在例如微创手术中通过导丝传递骨锚。骨锚组件的其它部件，包括闭合构件16、接收器构件14和压缩构件60(将在下文讨论)可为中空的，或换句话讲具有开口，以允许相应的部件通过导丝被递送。远侧轴20还可包括与插管连通的一个或多个侧壁开口或穿孔，以允许骨向内生长或者允许将骨粘固剂或其他材料通过骨锚组件10进行分配。侧壁开口可从插管径向地延伸穿过远侧轴20的侧壁。用于将骨粘固剂递送到骨锚组件10的示例性系统，以及有利于粘固剂递送的可供选择的骨锚构型在美国专利申请公开2010/0114174中有所描述。骨锚12的远侧轴20还可涂覆有用于允许骨生长的材料，诸如例如羟基磷灰石，并且骨锚组件10可全部或部分地涂覆有抗感染材料，例如例如二氯苯氧氯酚(tryclosan)。
继续参考图1-5，示例性骨锚组件10的接收器构件14的近侧端部26包括一对间隔开的臂28A、28B，在所述臂之间限定U形凹陷部30以用于接收脊柱固定元件，例如脊柱杆。接收器构件14的近侧端部26的每个接收器构件臂28A、28B从接收器构件14的远侧端部32延伸至自由端。每个臂28A、28B的外表面可包括诸如凹陷部、凹坑、凹口、突出等结构，以利于将接收器构件14并因而骨锚组件10连接到器械。例如，每个臂28A、28B的外表面可在臂的相应自由端处包括弧形沟槽35。美国专利7,179,261对此类沟槽进行了更详细的描述。接收器构件12的近侧端部表面48的至少一部分限定平面Y，如图3所示。
接收器构件14的远端32包括远侧端部表面34，该远端表面通常为环形形状并限定圆形开口，骨锚12的至少一部分延伸穿过该圆形开口。例如，骨锚12的远侧轴20可延伸穿过该开口。远侧端部表面34的至少一部分限定平面X。
接收器构件14包括在近侧端部26和远侧端部32之间延伸的中心通道37。中心通道37与接收器构件14的远侧端部32的远侧端部表面34中的开口33连通。中心通道37和接收器构件14具有共同的中心纵向轴线L，该中心纵向轴线L在接收器构件14的近侧端部26和远侧端部32之间延伸。
示例性骨锚组件为刚性的多轴螺钉，其中可选择性地相对于接收器构件14固定骨锚12。在固定之前，骨锚12能够相对于接收器构件14在有角度的圆锥内运动，所述有角度的圆锥大体由接收器构件的远侧端部32和骨锚12的近侧头部18的几何结构限定。示例性骨锚为优势角多轴螺钉，其中沿一个方向偏置有角度的圆锥。这样，骨锚12能够相对于接收器构件14沿由图3中的箭头A指示的至少第一方向运动，并且骨锚12还能够沿图3中的箭头B指示的至少第二方向运动。相比于沿箭头B指示的方向，骨锚12的轴20能够更多地沿箭头A指示的方向运动。骨锚12的远侧轴20限定相对于接收器构件14的中性轴。在示例性优势角多轴螺钉实施例中，中性轴被取向成垂直于由远侧端部表面34限定的平面X，并且与远侧端部表面34中的开口的中心点相交，骨锚12的远侧轴20延伸穿过所述远侧端部表面。以与接收器构件14的中心纵向轴线L所成的角度、以提供骨锚12的偏置角度的一个示例性方式取向中性轴。以提供偏置角度的一个示例性方式，由接收器构件14的近侧端部表面48的至少一部分限定的平面Y与由接收器构件12的远侧端部表面34的至少一部分限定的平面X相交。此外(或作为另外一种选择)，接收器构件14的近侧端部26可包括与第一中心纵向轴线N(该第一中心纵向轴线N与纵向轴线L一致)同轴的近侧第一镗孔和与第二中心纵向轴线(该第二中心纵向轴线与中性轴一致)同轴的远侧第二镗孔，并且第一中心纵向轴线N和第二中心纵向轴线可彼此相交。可选定平面X和平面Y之间的角度以及第一中心纵向轴线N和第二纵向轴线之间的角度以提供所需的偏置角度数。美国专利申请公开2003/0055426和美国专利6,736,820更详细地描述了成优势角度的多轴螺钉的例子。在另选的实施例中，骨锚组件可为常规的(非偏置)多轴螺钉，其中骨锚以相同量沿每一方向枢转并且具有与接收器构件的中心纵向轴线L一致的中性轴。
脊柱固定元件(例如图3中的脊柱杆22)与定位在接收器构件14的中心通道37内并且置于脊柱杆22和骨锚12的近侧头部18之间中间元件(例如压缩构件60)接触，以将近侧头部18的远侧外表面38压缩成与接收器构件18的远侧内表面进行直接的、固定的接合。在示例性实施例中，压缩构件60包括一对间隔开的压缩构件臂62A和62B，所述压缩构件臂限定用于接收脊柱杆22的U形座64以及用于接合骨锚12的近侧头部18的远侧表面66，如图3-5所示。每个压缩构件臂62A和62B包括外壁65A、B和内壁67A、B，并且每个压缩构件臂62A、62B的近侧表面74A、74b连接相应的外壁65A、65B和相应的内壁67A、67B。压缩构件60的每个压缩构件臂62A、62B从压缩构件60的远侧端部61延伸至终止于相应的近侧表面74A和74B的自由端。压缩构件60的远侧端部通常为环形形状，并且具有中心开口61，所述中心开口具有当压缩构件60被定位在接收器构件14的中心通道37内时与中心通道67的中心纵向轴线L一致的中心纵向轴线。远侧表面66围绕中心通道67中的远侧开口，并且在从压缩构件60的底部观察时通常为环形形状。
接收器构件14的近侧端部26可被配置成接收闭合机构16，该闭合机构能够被定位在接收器构件14的接收器构件臂28A和28B之间并且能够接合接收器构件14的接收器构件臂28A和28B，以将脊柱固定元件例如脊柱杆22捕获在接收器构件14内、相对于接收器构件14固定脊柱杆22、并且相对于接收器构件14固定骨锚12，如图3所示。在某些示例性实施例中，闭合机构16可为单个定位螺钉，该定位螺钉具有用于接合设置在接收器构件14的接收器构件臂28A和28B上的内螺纹42的外螺纹。在示例性实施例中，闭合机构16包括外定位螺钉70和内定位螺钉72，该外定位螺钉能够被定位在接收器构件的接收器构件臂28A和28B之间并且能够接合接收器构件14的接收器构件臂28A和28B，该内定位螺钉能够被定位在外定位螺钉70内。外定位螺钉70能够操作以作用于压缩构件60用以相对于接收器构件14固定骨锚12。内定位螺钉72能够操作以作用于脊柱杆22用以相对于接收器构件14固定脊柱杆22。这样，闭合机构16允许相对于接收器构件14固定骨锚12，与将脊柱杆22固定到接收器构件14无关。具体地讲，外定位螺钉70的远侧表面100可接合压缩构件60的压缩构件臂62A和62B的近侧端部表面74A和74B，以迫使压缩构件60的远侧表面66与骨锚12的近侧头部18接触，继而迫使近侧头部18的远侧表面38与接收器构件14的远侧内表面固定地接合。内定位螺钉72可接合脊柱杆22以迫使脊柱杆22与压缩构件60的杆座64固定地接合。
示例性闭合机构16的外定位螺钉70包括用于接合接收器构件14的接收器构件臂28A和28B上的互补内螺纹42的第一外螺纹76。第一外螺纹76和内螺纹42的螺纹形式(包括螺纹扣数、节距、大直径和小直径、以及螺纹形状)可被选定以有助于部件之间的连接并且有助于转移所需的轴向扣紧力。在例示的实施例中，例如，第一外螺纹76和内螺纹42为矩形螺纹。另外的示例性螺纹形式在2012年10月9日提交的共同共有的美国专利申请公开2013-0096618中有所描述。
外定位螺钉70可具有从外定位螺钉70的近侧表面98到外定位螺钉74的远侧表面100的用于接收内定位螺钉72的中心通道96。中心通道96可具有用于接合内定位螺钉72的互补的外螺纹104的内螺纹102。内螺纹102和外螺纹104的螺纹形式(包括螺纹扣数、节距、大直径和小直径、以及螺纹形状)可被选定以有助于部件之间的连接并且有助于转移所需的轴向扣紧力。在例示的实施例中，例如，内螺纹102和外螺纹104为M7×1公制螺纹。
外定位螺钉70的近侧表面98可具有一个或多个驱动特征以有助于相对于接收器构件14旋转和推进外定位螺钉74。在示例性实施例中，驱动特征为围绕顶部表面98的周边间隔开的多个开孔。内定位螺钉72可包括驱动特征，该驱动特征用于接收器械以相对于外定位螺钉74旋转和推进内定位螺钉72。在例示的实施例中，例如，内定位螺钉72包括中心通道108，该中心通道具有用于将互补的特征接合到器械上的多个间隔开的纵向取向的开孔。
示例性骨锚组件10可与脊柱固定元件例如刚性脊柱杆22一起使用。脊柱杆22可由钛、钛合金、不锈钢、钴铬合金、PEEK或适于刚性固定的其他材料构造而成。作为另外一种选择，脊柱固定元件可为动态的稳定构件，其允许在机械装备的椎骨之间具有受控运动。
如上文所述，外定位螺钉70与接收器构件臂28A和28B的接合导致外定位螺钉70的远侧表面100接合压缩构件臂62A和62B的近侧表面74A和74B。外定位螺钉70从而将通过压缩构件60传输的向远侧力传递到压缩构件60，以相对于接收器构件14固定骨锚12。压缩构件臂62A和62的近侧表面74A和74B可具有形状，所述形状被配置成在扣紧期间或由于扣紧，通过从压缩构件沿平行于中心纵向轴线的方向L首要地引导向远侧力并且抑制向远侧力沿不平行于中心纵向轴线L的方向(具体地讲沿远离中心纵向轴线L的方向)的传输，来限制压缩构件臂62A和62B的变形，具体地讲，限制压缩构件臂62A和62B的分离或张开(即，臂彼此远离的运动)或者限制压缩构件臂62A和62彼此靠近的运动。外定位螺钉70的远侧表面66可具有与压缩构件臂62A和62B的近侧表面74A和74B的形状互补的形状。在图1-5所示的示例性实施例中，每个压缩构件臂62A和62B的近侧表面74A和74B为凸形形状，并且外定位螺钉70的远侧表面66为凹形形状。在示例性实施例中，凸形近侧表面74A和74B具有与相应的外表面65A和65B以及相应的内表面67A和67B不同的单个恒定半径，并且凹形远侧表面66具有与凸形近侧表面74A和74B的半径相等的恒定半径。
在现有技术中的骨锚组件设计中，如图26所示，外定位螺钉904的远侧表面902以及压缩构件臂910A和910B的近侧表面908A和908B都为平坦的表面。远侧表面902与近侧表面908A和908B之间的界面未能限制或最小化轴向扣紧力沿非轴向方向的传输，因此未能最小化或限制变形，具体地讲，轴向扣紧外定位螺钉904期间压缩构件臂910A和910B的分离或张开。相比之下，图1-5中所示的示例性实施例的凹形和凸形界面有效地限制压缩构件60的变形，具体地讲，压缩构件臂62A和62B相对于彼此的运动(例如，两者朝向彼此和远离彼此)。如此做，缓解了闭合机构16随时间变松的情况。
图6-9示出了另一个示例性骨锚组件210，其中压缩构件260的每个压缩构件臂262A和262B的近侧表面274A和274B具有峰形形状。每个峰形近侧表面274A和274B具有与第二成角表面277A和277B相交在峰279A和279B处的第一成角表面275A和275B。在示例性实施例中，外定位螺钉270的远侧表面300包括第三成角表面302，所述第三成角表面302与第四成角表面304相交以限定与峰形近侧表面274A和274B在形状上互补的V形远侧表面300。例如，第一成角表面275A和275B相对于压缩构件210的中心纵向轴线(该中心纵向轴线在将压缩构件260定位在接收器构件14的中心通道37内时与接收器构件14的中心纵向轴线L一致)的角度与第三成角表面302相对于外定位螺钉270的中心纵向轴线的角度相等，并且第二成角表面277A和277B相对于压缩构件260的中心纵向轴线的角度与第四成角表面304相对于外定位螺钉270的中心纵向轴线的角度相等。压缩构件臂262A和262B的近侧表面274A和274B与外定位螺钉的远侧表面300之间的峰形界面，类似于上文所述的凹形/凸形界面，有效地限制压缩构件260的变形，具体地讲，压缩构件臂262A和262B相对于彼此的运动。
图10-12示出了另一个示例性骨锚组件410，其中压缩构件460的每个压缩构件臂462A和462B的近侧表面474A和474B从相应的外壁465A和467B至相应的内壁467A和467B成角度。外定位螺钉470的远侧表面500为锥形形状，具有与成角近侧表面474A和474B的角度互补的角度。压缩构件臂462A和462B的近侧表面474A和474B与外定位螺钉的远侧表面506之间的峰形界面，类似于上文所述的凹形/凸形界面，有效地限制压缩构件460的变形，具体地讲，压缩构件臂462A和462B相对于彼此的运动。
图14示出了另一个示例性骨锚组件610，其中压缩构件660的每个压缩构件臂662A和662B的近侧表面674A和674B为阶梯形状并且具有中心凸起表面681A和681B。外定位螺钉670的远侧表面包括在尺寸和方向上与近侧表面674A和674B的中心凸起表面681A和681B互补的环形凹陷部671。近侧表面674A和674B的中心凸起表面681A和681B位于环形凹陷部671内，从而限制压缩构件660的变形，具体地讲，压缩构件臂662A和662B相对于彼此的运动。
图15-25示出了其它示例性骨锚组件，其中压缩构件臂的近侧表面和外定位螺钉的远侧表面被互补地配置成限制压缩构件的变形，具体地讲，压缩构件臂相对于彼此的运动。
在图15的示例性骨锚组件1010中，外定位螺钉1070的远侧表面1000为凸形形状并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1074A和1074B为凹形形状。在示例性实施例中，凸形远侧表面1000和相应的凹形近侧表面1074A和1074B各自具有跨过整个表面(当在图15所示的横截面中观察时)从表面的外边缘延伸到表面的内边缘的恒定半径。在示例性实施例中，凸形远侧表面1000的半径与相应的凹形近侧表面1074A和1074B的半径为相等的。示例性骨锚组件1010还包括拖曳构件，所述拖曳构件为分离的弹性环995的形式，所述弹性环995被定位在形成于接收器构件14的内壁中的沟槽997内。沟槽997以及环995被定位在接收器构件14内使得环995将骨锚12的近侧头部18接合在头部18的中心点CP之上或者线1002之上，所述线1002在骨锚12处于中间位置时与中心点CP相交并且被取向成正交于接收器构件14的纵向轴线，如图15所示。
在图16的示例性骨锚组件1110中，外定位螺钉1170的远侧表面1100包括凸形形状的突出部，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1174A和1174B每个均包括互补形状的凹形凹陷部，外定位螺钉的远侧表面1100上的凸形突出部可位于所述凹形凹陷部中。
在图17的示例性骨锚组件1210中，压缩构件臂的近侧表面1274A和1274B每个均包括凸形突出部，并且外定位螺钉1270的远侧表面1200包括互补形状的凹形凹陷部或沟槽，近侧表面1274A和1274B上的凸形突出部可位于所述凹形凹陷部或沟槽中。
在图18的示例性骨锚组件1310中，外定位螺钉1370的远侧表面1300包括凸形形状的突出部，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1374A和1374B各自具有直线形状的沟槽(当在图18的横截面中观察时)，所述沟槽接收外定位螺钉1370的远侧表面1300的凸形突出部。
在图19的示例性骨锚组件1410中，压缩构件臂的近侧表面1474A和1474B每个均包括凸形突出部，并且外定位螺钉1470的远侧表面1400包括V形凹陷部或沟槽，所述V形凹陷部或沟槽接收近侧表面1474A和1474B上的凸形突出部。
在图20的示例性骨锚组件1510中，外定位螺钉1570的远侧表面1500为峰形的，并具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1574A和1574B为凹形形状。
在图21的示例性骨锚组件1610中，外定位螺钉1670的远侧表面1600包括凸形形状的突出部，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1674A和1674B各自具有V形沟槽(当在图21的横截面中观察时)，所述V形沟槽接收外定位螺钉1670的远侧表面1600的凸形突出部。
在图22的示例性骨锚组件1710中，外定位螺钉1770的远侧表面1700包括直线形状的突出部，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1774A和1774B各自具有互补形状的直线沟槽(当在图22的横截面中观察时)，所述直线沟槽接收外定位螺钉1770的远侧表面1700的直线突出部。
在图23的示例性骨锚组件1810中，外定位螺钉1870的远侧表面1800具有峰形突出部，所述峰形突出部具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1874A和1874B各自具有互补形状的V形沟槽(当在图23的横截面中观察时)，所述V形沟槽接收外定位螺钉1870的远侧表面1800的峰形突出部。
在图24的示例性骨锚组件1910中，外定位螺钉1970的远侧表面1900为峰形的，并具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面，并且压缩构件臂的近侧表面1974A和1974B为V形的(当在图24的横截面中观察时)。
在图25的示例性骨锚组件2010中，压缩构件臂的近侧表面2084A和2084B各自具有峰形突出部，所述峰形突出部具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面，并且外定位螺钉2070的远侧表面2000具有互补形状的V形沟槽(当在图25的横截面中观察时)，所述V形沟槽接收近侧表面2084A和2084B的峰形突出部。
虽然本发明的装置和方法已经结合其示例性实施例具体加以示出和描述，但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的前提下，可以按照本文所述形式和细节进行各种修改。仅仅采用常规实验，本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到或能够确定本文具体所描述的示例性实施例的许多等同形式。此类等同形式旨在由本发明和所附权利要求的范围涵盖。

Claims (23)

1.一种骨锚组件，包括：
骨锚，所述骨锚具有近侧头部和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴，
接收器构件，所述接收器构件用于接收待联接到所述骨锚的脊柱固定元件，所述接收器构件具有
近侧端部，所述近侧端部具有一对间隔开的接收器构件臂，所述接收器构件臂在两者间限定凹陷部，所述接收器构件臂包括内螺纹，
远侧端部，所述远侧端部具有限定开口的远侧端部表面，所述骨锚的至少一部分延伸穿过所述开口，以及
中心通道，所述中心通道在所述近侧端部和所述远侧端部之间延伸，所述中心通道与所述远侧端部表面中的开口连通，所述中心通道具有在所述近侧端部和所述远侧端部之间延伸的中心纵向轴线，
压缩构件，所述压缩构件被定位在所述接收器构件的所述中心通道内，所述压缩构件具有近侧端部和远侧端部，所述压缩构件的所述近侧端部具有一对间隔开的压缩构件臂，所述压缩构件臂限定用于接收杆的U形座，每个压缩构件臂具有近侧表面，所述压缩构件的所述远侧端部具有能够与所述骨锚的所述近侧头部接合的远侧表面，
外定位螺钉，所述外定位螺钉能够被定位在所述压缩构件臂之间并且接合所述压缩构件臂，所述外定位螺钉包括用于接合所述第一内螺纹的第一外螺纹，所述外定位螺钉具有能够与所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面接合的远侧表面，所述外定位螺钉具有从所述外定位螺钉的顶部表面至所述外定位螺钉的底部表面的定位螺钉中心通道，所述定位螺钉中心通道具有第二内螺纹，以及
内定位螺钉，所述内定位螺钉能够被定位在所述定位螺钉中心通道内，所述内定位螺钉具有用于接合所述第二内螺纹的第二外螺纹，所述内定位螺钉能够操作以作用于所述脊柱杆以相对于所述接收器构件固定所述脊柱杆；
其中所述外定位螺钉与所述接收器构件臂的接合导致所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面接合所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面，并且所述外定位螺钉从而将向远侧力传递到所述压缩构件以相对于所述接收器构件固定所述骨锚，所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面具有形状，所述形状被配置成限制所述压缩构件臂两者朝向彼此和远离彼此的相对运动，并且所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面具有与所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面的形状互补的形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂包括外壁和内壁，所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面连接所述外壁和所述内壁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面为凸形形状。
4.根据权利要求3所述的骨锚组件，其中每个凸形近侧表面具有恒定的半径。
5.根据权利要求3所述的骨锚组件，其中所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面为凹形形状。
6.根据权利要求5所述的骨锚组件，其中每个凸形近侧表面具有恒定的半径并且所述凹形远侧表面具有与所述凸形近侧表面的半径相等的恒定半径。
7.根据权利要求2所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面为峰形的，每个峰形表面具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面。
8.根据权利要求7所述的骨锚组件，其中所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面包括第三成角表面，所述第三成角表面与第四成角表面相交以限定V形表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的骨锚组件，其中所述第一成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度等于所述第三成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度，并且所述第二成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度等于所述第四成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度。
10.根据权利要求2所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面从所述外壁至所述内壁成角度。
11.根据权利要求2所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件的所述近侧表面为阶梯形的，并具有中心凸起表面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其中所述骨锚能够相对于所述接收器构件运动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的骨锚组件，其中所述骨锚能够相对于所述接收器构件沿至少第一方向以相对于中心纵向轴线的第一角度运动，并且沿至少第二方向以相对于所述中心纵向轴线的第二角度运动，所述第二角度大于所述第一角度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的骨锚组件，其中所述接收器构件的所述近侧端部包括限定第一平面的近侧端部表面，并且其中所述远侧端部表面限定第二平面，所述第一平面和所述第二平面彼此相交。
15.一种骨锚组件，包括：
骨锚，所述骨锚具有近侧头部和被配置成接合骨的远侧轴，
接收器构件，所述接收器构件用于接收待联接到所述骨锚的脊柱固定元件，所述接收器构件具有
近侧端部，所述近侧端部具有近侧端部表面和一对间隔开的接收器构件臂，所述接收器构件臂在它们之间限定凹陷部以用于接收脊柱杆，所述臂包括第一内螺纹，所述近侧端部表面限定第一平面，
远侧端部，所述远侧端部具有限定开口的远侧端部表面，所述骨锚的至少一部分延伸穿过所述开口，所述骨锚能够相对于所述接收器构件运动，所述远侧端部表面限定第二平面，所述第一平面和所述第二平面彼此相交，
压缩构件，所述压缩构件被定位在所述接收器构件的中心通道内，所述压缩构件具有近侧端部和远侧端部，所述压缩构件的所述近侧端部具有一对间隔开的压缩构件臂，所述压缩构件臂限定用于接收所述杆的U形座，每个所述压缩构件臂包括外壁、内壁、以及连接所述外壁和所述内壁的近侧表面，所述压缩构件的所述远侧端部具有能够与所述骨锚的所述近侧头部接合的远侧表面，
外定位螺钉，所述外定位螺钉能够被定位在所述压缩构件臂之间并且接合所述压缩构件臂，所述外定位螺钉包括用于接合所述第一内螺纹的第一外螺纹，所述外定位螺钉具有能够与所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面接合的远侧表面，所述外定位螺钉具有从所述外定位螺钉的顶部表面至所述外定位螺钉的底部表面的定位螺钉中心通道，所述定位螺钉中心通道具有第二内螺纹，以及
内定位螺钉，所述内定位螺钉能够被定位在所述定位螺钉中心通道内，所述内定位螺钉具有用于接合所述第二内螺纹的第二外螺纹，所述内定位螺钉能够操作以作用于所述脊柱杆以相对于所述接收器构件固定所述脊柱杆；
其中所述外定位螺钉与所述接收器构件臂的接合导致所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面接合所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面，并且所述外定位螺钉从而将向远侧力传递到所述压缩构件以相对于所述接收器构件固定所述骨锚，所述压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面具有形状，所述形状被配置成限制所述压缩构件臂两者朝向彼此和远离彼此的相对运动，所述外定位螺钉的远侧表面具有与所述压缩构件臂的近侧表面的形状互补的形状。
16.根据权利要求15所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面为凸形形状。
17.根据权利要求16所述的骨锚组件，其中每个凸形近侧表面具有恒定的半径。
18.根据权利要求16所述的骨锚组件，其中所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面为凹形形状。
19.根据权利要求18所述的骨锚组件，其中每个凸形近侧表面具有恒定的半径并且所述凹形远侧表面具有与所述凸形近侧表面的半径相等的恒定半径。
20.根据权利要求15所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件臂的所述近侧表面为峰形的，每个峰形表面具有与第二成角表面相交于峰处的第一成角表面。
21.根据权利要求20所述的骨锚组件，其中所述外定位螺钉的所述远侧表面包括第三成角表面，所述第三成角表面与第四成角表面相交以限定V形表面。
22.根据权利要求21所述的骨锚组件，其中所述第一表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度等于所述第三成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度，并且所述第二表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度等于所述第四成角表面相对于所述中心纵向轴线的角度。
23.根据权利要求15所述的骨锚组件，其中每个压缩构件的所述近侧表面为阶梯形的，并具有中心凸起表面。
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