CN104812923B - 制造具有ZnAl涂层和优化擦拭的金属板的方法，相应的金属板、部件和车辆 - Google Patents

制造具有ZnAl涂层和优化擦拭的金属板的方法，相应的金属板、部件和车辆 Download PDF

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CN104812923B
CN104812923B CN201480003066.4A CN201480003066A CN104812923B CN 104812923 B CN104812923 B CN 104812923B CN 201480003066 A CN201480003066 A CN 201480003066A CN 104812923 B CN104812923 B CN 104812923B
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metal coating
less
metallic plate
equal
coating
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CN104812923A (zh
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让-米歇尔·马泰格纳
迪迪埃·多谢勒
弗洛伦斯·波特兰德
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D8/0252—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with application of tension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

在本方法中，实现了式(A、B)中的至少之一， 其中：Z为Z为金属板(1)和喷嘴(17)之间沿主排出方向(E)的距离，Z以mm表示；d为喷嘴(17)的出口(25)的沿金属板(1)在喷嘴(17)前面的行进的方向(S)的平均高度，d以mm表示；V为金属板(1)在喷嘴(17)前面的行进的速度，V以m·s‑1表示；P为喷嘴(17)中的吹干气体的压强，P以N·m‑2表示；以及fO2为吹干气体中的氧气的体积分数。

Description

制造具有ZnAl涂层和优化擦拭的金属板的方法，相应的金属 板、部件和车辆
本发明涉及制造包括钢基板的金属板的方法，该钢基板的至少一面涂覆有包含Al的金属涂层，金属涂层的剩余物为Zn、不可避免的杂质以及可选地选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的一种或多种附加元素，在金属涂层中的每种附加元素的重量含量小于0.3％，金属涂层具有0.2％至0.7％的铝重量含量，该方法包括至少如下步骤：
-提供基板；
-通过将基板浸入浴中在至少一面上沉积金属涂层以获得金属板；
-利用至少一个喷嘴通过至少一个出口喷射用于擦拭金属涂层的气体来擦拭金属涂层，金属板在喷嘴前面行进，擦拭气体沿着主喷吹方向从喷嘴喷吹；
-固化金属涂层。
这种金属板更特别地旨在用于制造陆地机动车辆例如汽车的车身部件。
然后将金属板切开并变形以形成车身部件或车身。
然后使该车身涂覆有涂料(或涂料体系)的膜，该膜确保了表面的良好外观并且与基于锌的金属涂层一起参与对腐蚀的防护。
金属板的基于锌的涂层具有所谓的其外表面的波纹度，所述外表面的波纹度目前只能通过显著厚度的涂料来弥补，由于所谓的“橘皮”外观的不利后果，该外表面的波纹度对于车身部件是不可接受的。
涂层的外表面的波纹度W是一种具有相当长的波长(0.8mm至10mm)的平滑的伪周期性几何不规则性，其不同于对应于具有短波长的几何不规则性的粗糙度R。
在本发明中，采用以μm表示的波纹度轮廓的算术平均值Wa来表征金属板涂层的外表面的波纹度，并且波纹度通过0.8mm的取样长度阈值来测量并且表示为Wa0.8。
波纹度Wa0.8的减小可以使得用于实现给定性质的涂饰外观的涂膜的厚度减小，实现涂膜的恒定厚度，提升涂饰外观的质量。
因此本发明的目的是提供一种制造包括基板的金属板的方法，该基板的至少一面通过浸涂被涂覆有基于锌并且包含按重量计0.2％至0.7％的Al的金属涂层，金属涂层的外表面具有减小的波纹度Wa0.8。
为此，本发明的目标是一种制造包括钢基板(3)的金属板(1)的方法，所述钢基板(3)的至少一面(5)涂覆有包含Al的金属涂层(7)，所述金属涂层(7)的剩余物为Zn、不可避免的杂质和可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的一种或更多种附加元素，在所述金属涂层(7)中的每种附加元素的重量含量小于0.3％，所述金属涂层(7)具有0.2％至0.7％的铝重量含量，所述方法包括至少如下步骤：
-提供所述基板(3)；
-通过将所述基板(3)浸入浴中在至少一面(5)上沉积金属涂层(7)以得到所述金属板(1)；
-利用至少一个喷嘴(17)通过至少一个出口(25)将擦拭气体喷射在所述金属涂层(7)上来擦拭所述金属涂层(7)，所述金属板(1)在喷嘴前面行进，所述擦拭气体沿着主喷吹方向(E)从所述喷嘴(17)喷吹；
-固化所述金属涂层(7)；
-在固化之后并在可选的光整冷轧操作之前，所述金属涂层(7)的外表面(21)具有小于或等于0.55μm的波纹度Wa0.8，
在方法中，符合下式中至少之一：
其中：
Z为所述金属板(1)和所述喷嘴(17)之间沿着所述主喷吹方向(E)的距离，Z以mm表示，
d为所述喷嘴(17)的所述出口(25)的沿着所述金属板(1)在所述喷嘴(17)前面的行进方向(S)的平均高度，d以mm表示，
V为所述金属板(1)在所述喷嘴(17)前面的行进速度，V以m·s-1表示，
P为所述喷嘴(17)中的所述擦拭气体的压强，P以N·m-2表示，以及
fO2为所述擦拭气体中的氧气的体积分数。
该方法还可以单独地或组合地包括如下特征：
在固化之后并在可选的光整冷轧操作之前所述金属涂层(7)的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.35μm；
在所述沉积步骤之前的冷轧所述金属板(1)的步骤，至少最后道次利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5小于或等于0.5μm的经矫正的且未蚀刻的工作辊来实现；
利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.05μm至2.95μm的EDT工作辊对所述金属板(1)进行光整冷轧的步骤；
利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.90μm至4.10μm的EBT工作辊的所述金属板(1)的光整冷轧步骤；
在所述方法中，符合下式中的至少之一：
所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.6％。
本发明的目标还是一种可由根据前述方法得到的金属板(1)，所述金属板(1)包括钢基板(3)，所述钢基板(3)的至少一面(5)涂覆有包含Al的金属涂层(7)，所述金属涂层(7)的剩余物为Zn、不可避免的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的一种或更多种附加元素，在所述金属涂层(7)中的每种附加元素的重量含量小于0.3％，所述金属涂层(7)具有0.2％至0.7％的铝重量含量，所述金属涂层(7)的外表面在可选的光整冷轧操作之前具有小于或等于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
该金属板还可以单独地或组合地包括如下特征：
所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.6％。
所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.5％。
本发明的目标还是一种通过使根据上述金属板变形得到的部件，其中所述金属涂层的外表面具有小于或等于0.43μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
该部件还可以单独地或组合地包括如下特征：
所述金属涂层的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.41μm；
所述金属涂层的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.37μm；
还包括在所述金属涂层(7)上的涂膜；
所述涂膜的厚度小于或等于120μm；
所述涂膜的厚度小于或等于100μm。
本发明的目标还是一种包括车身的陆地机动车辆，所述车身包括前述部件。
将通过给出作为示意而非作为限制的实施例并且参照附图来对发明进行说明，在附图中：
-图1为示出根据本发明的金属板的结构的示意截面图；
-图2为示出用于制造图1的金属板的槽和擦拭喷嘴的示意性侧视图；
-图3为图2的圈出部分III的局部示意性放大图；以及
-图4为图3的沿着箭头IV截取的示意图，并且示出了图3的喷嘴的出口的形状。
图1的金属板1包括钢基板3，在钢基板3两面5中的每个面上涂覆有金属涂层7。
应指出，为了便于说明，在图1中没有表现出基板3与涂覆其上的不同层的相对厚度。
存在于两个面5上的涂层7是相似的，并且后面将仅详细描述一个涂层。可替代地(未示出)，面5中的仅一个面具有涂层7。
涂层7通常具有小于或等于25μm的厚度并且目的在于防止基板3被腐蚀。
涂层7含有锌和铝。金属涂层7的铝重量含量占0.2％至0.7％，优选0.2％至0.6％，以及更优选0.2％至0.5％。如下所示，这些铝含量范围的界限比用于制造涂层7的浴中的铝含量范围的界限大。这通过如下来解释：在基板3和涂层7之间的接合处形成金属间物质，这导致涂层7中铝含量的增加。
对于制造金属板1，例如可以如下进行。
使用例如通过热轧然后冷轧的方法得到作为带的基板3。
优选地，对于冷轧，首先通过以通常60％至85％的压下率对基板3进行冷轧，以得到厚度为例如0.2mm至2mm的基板3。
在优选实施方案中，确保利用所谓的“光滑”工作辊(即，经矫正的且未蚀刻的辊)进行至少最后的冷轧道次，该工作辊的工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5(即，利用2.5mm的取样长度阈值测量)小于0.5μm。
应强调，工作辊是轧机的直接接触基板3以确保基板3变形的辊。术语工作表面是指工作辊的接触基板3的表面。
在考虑基板3在轧机中的行进方向时，至少在轧机的最后一个腔或最后多个腔中将存在光滑的工作辊。
至少对于最后道次使用光滑的工作辊使得一方面可能更好地控制金属板1的波纹度Wa0.8，另一方面可能更好地控制部件的波纹度Wa0.8，所述金属板1后续通过基板3的涂覆而得到，部件可以通过使金属板1变形来制造。
特别地，与仅凭借通过喷砂、或通过放电(所谓的电子放电毛化(EDT)辊)或者进一步通过电子束(所谓的电子束毛化(EBT)辊)而蚀刻的具有较大粗糙度的辊进行轧制相比，这样的冷轧使得波纹度Wa0.8减小。
然后可以使经冷轧的基板3在还原气氛下在退火炉中经受以常规方式进行的退火，目的在于使在冷轧操作期间已经经历的工件硬化之后进行再结晶。
再结晶退火还可以活化基板3的面5以提升后续浸涂操作所需的化学反应性。
根据钢的品级，在650℃至900℃的温度下执行再结晶退火，维持使钢再结晶以及使面5活化所需的一段时间。
然后将基板3冷却至与包括在槽15中的浴13的温度接近的温度。
浴13的组分基于锌并且包含按重量计0.1％至0.5％、优选0.1％至0.4％，更优选0.1％至0.3％的铝。
浴13的组分还包含按重量计最高达0.3％的可选添加元素例如Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Ni、Zr或Bi。
特别是，这些不同元素可以使得例如对涂层腐蚀的耐受性、抑或其脆性或其粘附力得以改善。
明白这些不同元素对涂层特性的影响的本领域技术人员将知道如何根据所追求的附加目的来使用这些不同元素。还确定的是，这些元素没有妨碍通过根据本发明的方法获得的对波纹度的控制。
最后，浴13可能包含来自提供给槽的锭料的不可避免的杂质抑或还包括由于使基板3在浴13中通过而引起的不可避免的杂质。因而，该杂质尤其涉及铁。
在在浴13中通过之后，基板3在其两面5上涂覆有涂层7以得到金属板1。
如图2所示，然后借助于放置在金属板1的任一侧并且朝着涂层7的外表面21喷射擦拭气体(例如空气或惰性气体)的喷嘴17来使金属板1经历擦拭。擦拭气体沿着主喷吹方向E从每个喷嘴17喷吹。在图2和图3中用点线示出每个喷嘴17的主喷吹方向E。
在所示出的实例中，方向E为水平的，并垂直于金属板1。在其他实施方案中，方向E可以具有相对于金属板1的其他倾角。
基板3在所使用的生产线上以及由此在喷嘴17前面的行进速度V通常为8m/分钟至300m/分钟，并且其优选大于120m/分钟、或甚至大于150m/分钟。
为了限制涂层7的氧化，可以提供用于封闭在喷嘴17的下游的金属板1周围的气氛的封闭箱23。这里，术语下游在此指的是相对于面向喷嘴17的金属板1的行进方向S。
封闭箱23可以可替代地向上游延伸直至浴13的表面或者直至喷嘴17和浴13的表面之间的中间位置。
在某些替代方案中，设备可以不包括任何封闭箱。
在上述实例中，喷嘴17具有相似的结构、相对于金属板1的位置，并且利用相似的调节装置(adjustment)操作。因而，下面将参照图3描述图2的仅右面的喷嘴17。
可替代地，喷嘴17可以具有不同结构、不同位置和/或利用不同的调节装置操作。还可以仅在金属板1的一侧提供喷嘴。
喷嘴17具有出口25，擦拭气体通过出口25朝着相对设置的涂层7的外表面21喷吹。喷嘴17可以考虑使用各种外形。
喷嘴17的出口25位于沿着主喷吹方向E距金属板1距离Z处。如图4所示，出口25通常呈现为狭缝(slot)，所述狭缝垂直于行进方向S并垂直于图3的平面延伸过至少等于金属板1的宽度的宽度L。
通常，如图4所示，出口25的高度(即，其平行于金属板1在喷嘴17前面的行进方向S的维度)恒定。在某些替代方案中，情况可以为该高度可以在出口25的宽度的范围内变化。因而，出口25可以具有例如朝着其端部稍展开的形状(蝴蝶结的形状)。
为了将这些可能的高度变化和不同的可能实施方案考虑在内，后续将考虑出口25在其宽度L上的平均高度d。
将喷嘴17中的擦拭气体的压强标注为P并且将擦拭气体中的氧气的体积分数标注为fO2。
根据发明，遵守下式中的至少之一：
其中：
Z以mm表示
d以mm表示
V以m·s-1表示
P以N·m-2表示
换言之，如果不遵守式(A)，则必须遵守式(B)，反之亦然。也可以同时遵守式(A)和式(B)。
通常，参数V和d是所使用的生产线赋予的。因此，还只剩下调整Z和P或者甚至fO2以满足以上要求。
如此设定的参数使得能够实现(在涂层7固化之后并且在可能的光整冷轧(skin-pass)之前)使波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于如下面的实施例1所示的0.55μm。
又更有利地，遵守下式中至少之一：
其中：
Z以mm表示
d以mm表示
V以m·s-1表示
P以N·m-2表示
换言之，如果不遵守式(C)，则必须遵守式(D)，反之亦然。也可以同时遵守式(C)和式(D)。
然后，如果在涂层7固化之后并且在可能的光整冷轧之前，参数Z、d、V、P和fO2满足式(C)和/或式(D)，则实现了小于或等于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
然后使涂层7以受控的方式冷却以使其固化。
如前所述，在该冷却操作7结束时，涂层7的外表面21具有小于0.55μm或甚至小于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
可替代地，为了去除沉积在一个面5上的涂层7使得基板3的面5中的仅一个面将最终涂覆有涂层7，可以进行刷光。
在涂层7完全冷却的情况下，可以使金属板1经历光整冷轧操作以赋予涂层7的外表面21纹理，有利于金属板1的后续成型过程。
其实，光整冷轧操作使得能够向金属板1的涂层7的外表面21转移足够的粗糙度以使其成型过程恰当地执行，同时促进了施加在金属板1上的油在金属板1成型之前的良好保留。金属板1在光整冷轧操作期间的伸长率通常为0.5％至2％。
优选地，光整冷轧操作将使得涂层7的外表面21能够保持小于0.55μm并优选地小于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
在第一替代方案中，光整冷轧操作将利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.05μm至2.95μm的EDT工作辊来执行。如果在光整冷轧操作期间的伸长率小于或等于1.1％，则EDT工作辊的工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5将优选为2.50μm至2.95μm。如果在光整冷轧操作期间的伸长率大于或等于1.1％，则EDT工作辊的工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5将优选为2.05μm至2.50μm。
在另一替代方案中，光整冷轧操作将利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.90μm至4.10μm的EBT工作辊来执行。如果在光整冷轧操作期间的伸长率小于或等于1.1％，则EBT工作辊的工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5将优选为3.50μm至4.10μm。如果在光整冷轧操作期间的伸长率大于或等于1.1％，则EBT工作辊的工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5将优选为2.90μm至3.50μm。
通常对旨在用于制造汽车车身部件的金属板1执行光整冷轧操作。
在金属板1旨在用于制造例如家用电器的情况下，不执行该附加操作。
然后可以将经过光整冷轧或没有经过光整冷轧的金属板1切开，并且然后例如通过拉伸、弯曲或仿形切削(profiling)进行成型过程，以形成部件，然后可以对该部件进行涂饰以在每个涂层7上形成涂膜(或涂料体系)。
在用于家用电器的部件的情况下，还可以可能地利用本身已知的物理和/或化学方法使涂膜退火。
为此，可以使经涂饰的部件穿过热风烘箱或感应炉，或者另外的处于UV灯下或者处于发射电子束的装置下。
在变形之后，部件的涂层7的外表面具有小于或等于0.60μm、或者甚至小于或等于0.45μm、或者甚至小于或等于0.43μm、或者甚至小于或等于0.41μm、或者甚至还小于或等于0.37μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
该波纹度可以例如在3.5％的等双轴变形之后测量。
如上所述将在可能的光整冷轧之前以及在可能的光整冷轧之后的波纹度Wa0.8控制为小于或等于0.55μm、个别地小于或等于0.35μm的值使得能够将变形之后的波纹度Wa0.8控制为小于或等于0.60μm、个别地小于或等于0.45μm、0.43μm、0.41μm或甚至0.37μm的值。
对于汽车应用，在磷酸盐涂层处理之后，将每个部件浸在电泳槽中，并且依次施加底层涂层(primer paint layer)、基础涂层(base paint layer)以及可选的罩面清漆层(finishing varnish layer)。
在将电泳层施加在部件上之前，先对部件进行脱脂并且然后进行磷酸盐涂层处理以确保电泳(cataphoresis)的粘附。
电泳层给部件提供了对腐蚀的额外防护。通常利用喷枪施加的底层涂层为部件的最终外观做准备并且保护其免受碎石屑和UV影响。基础涂层给予部件其颜色和其最终外观。清漆层赋予部件的表面良好的机械强度、对腐蚀性化学试剂的耐受性和良好的表面外观。
通常，磷酸盐涂层的重量为1.5g/m2至5g/m2。
例如，被施加来保护和确保部件的最佳表面外观的涂膜包括厚度在15μm至25μm的电泳层、厚度在35μm至45μm的底层涂层、以及厚度在40μm至50μm的基础涂层。
在涂膜还包括清漆层的情况下，不同涂料层的厚度通常如下：
电泳层：在15μm和25μm之间，优选地小于20μm；
底层涂层：小于45μm；
基础涂层：小于20μm；以及
清漆层：小于55μm。
涂膜还可以不包括任何电泳层，而是仅包括底层涂层和基础涂层以及可选的清漆层。
优选地，涂膜的总厚度将小于120μm或甚至小于100μm。
现在将通过作为示例而非限制的试验来对发明进行说明。
实施例1-体积分数fO 2 的影响
在该实施例中进行的试验目的在于示出遵守式(A)和/或式(B)、或者甚至式(C)和/或式(D)的积极影响。
下面的表I详细列出具有不同的Z、d、V、P和fO2值的情况下进行的一系列试验的条件并且提供了在光整冷轧之前所测量的波纹度Wa0.8，NSKP的意思是没有经过光整冷轧。
测量波纹度Wa0.8的程序包括通过机械探针(没有任何端头(shoe)的情况下)在与轧制方向成45°的情况下获得长度为50mm的金属板形貌。根据通过探针得到的信号，减去其总体形状的至少5阶多项式近似。然后通过应用0.8mm的取样长度借助高斯滤波器分离出波纹度Wa和算术平均粗糙度Ra。
对于每个实验，右边的列指出了参数是否符合了式(A)、式(B)、式(C)和式(D)。
表I
因而，使用满足式(A)和/或式(B)的参数可以实现在光整冷轧之前的小于0.55μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
使用满足式(C)和/或式(D)的参数可以实现在光整冷轧之前仍然较小并且小于或等于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
如下所述，在某些实例中，可以在不遵守式(C)和/或式(D)、显著地通过遵守式(A)和/或式(B)并且通过使用用于冷轧和/或用于光整冷轧的特定粗糙度的光滑工作辊来实现小于或等于0.35μm的在任何光整冷轧之前的波纹度Wa0.8。
实施例2-通过光滑工作辊进行冷轧的影响
在该实施例中进行的试验目的在于示出：与利用工作表面具有更大的粗糙度的EDT工作辊执行的轧制相比，利用光滑工作辊执行的冷轧的积极影响。
为此，通过使用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为0.5μm的所谓的光滑工作辊或工作表面的粗糙Ra2.5为3μm的EDT工作辊使钢基板经受冷轧以得到0.8mm的厚度。然后在温度为460℃的包含按重量计0.18％的铝的锌浴中通过热浸涂使基板3涂覆锌涂层，并且利用氮气进行擦拭以形成厚度为6.5μm的锌涂层。
在完成由此得到的金属板1的冷却之后，在切开并通过拉伸成型之前，使金属板1经受利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为5μm的EBT蚀刻工作辊进行的光整冷轧操作。
在该方法的步骤中的每个步骤结束时，即，在冷轧(CR)之后、在光整冷轧操作(SKP)之后并且在成型(DEF)之后，测量涂层7的外表面21的波纹度值Wa0.8。所述成型通过借助Marciniak工具以3.5％的等双轴变形量来执行。
Wa0.8的测量结果归纳在表II中。
如可以看到的，使用光滑轧制使得波纹度Wa0.8减小，不论光滑轧制是否是在冷轧结束时、是否是光整冷轧结束时或是否是在成型步骤结束时均如此。
表II
实施例3-光整冷轧的影响
在该实施例中执行的实验目的在于确认通过使用工作表面具有特定粗糙度Ra2.5的工作辊执行的光整冷轧的积极影响。
为此，使钢基板3经受冷轧以用于形成厚度为0.7mm的冷轧基板。
然后在温度为460℃的包含按重量计0.18％的铝的锌浴中通过热浸涂使基板3涂覆锌涂层，并且通过氮气进行干燥以形成厚度为6.5μm的锌涂层。
将由此得到的金属板1分为两批。
在借助Marciniak工具以3.5％的等双轴变形量来进行成型之前，使来自第一批的金属板1经受利用EDT工作辊并且以1.4％的伸长率执行的光整冷轧。工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.20μm。
使来自第二批的金属板1经受以相同伸长率但利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.60μm的EDT蚀刻工作辊执行的光整冷轧操作。
试验的结果归纳在表III中。
表III

Claims (21)

1.一种制造包括钢基板(3)的金属板(1)的方法，所述钢基板(3)的至少一面(5)涂覆有包含Al的金属涂层(7)，所述金属涂层(7)的剩余物为Zn、不可避免的杂质和可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的一种或更多种附加元素，在所述金属涂层(7)中的每种附加元素的重量含量小于0.3％，所述金属涂层(7)具有0.2％至0.7％的铝重量含量，所述方法包括至少如下步骤：
-提供所述基板(3)；
-通过将所述基板(3)浸入浴中在至少一面(5)上沉积金属涂层(7)以得到所述金属板(1)；
-利用至少一个喷嘴(17)通过至少一个出口(25)将擦拭气体喷射在所述金属涂层(7)上来擦拭所述金属涂层(7)，所述金属板(1)在喷嘴前面行进，所述擦拭气体沿着主喷吹方向(E)从所述喷嘴(17)喷吹；
-固化所述金属涂层(7)；
-在固化之后并在可选的光整冷轧操作之前，所述金属涂层(7)的外表面(21)具有小于或等于0.55μm的波纹度Wa0.8，
在方法中，符合下式中至少之一：
其中：
Z为所述金属板(1)和所述喷嘴(17)之间沿着所述主喷吹方向(E)的距离，Z以mm表示，
d为所述喷嘴(17)的所述出口(25)的沿着所述金属板(1)在所述喷嘴(17)前面的行进方向(S)的平均高度，d以mm表示，
V为所述金属板(1)在所述喷嘴(17)前面的行进速度，V以m·s-1表示，
P为所述喷嘴(17)中的所述擦拭气体的压强，P以N·m-2表示，以及
fO2为所述擦拭气体中的氧气的体积分数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，符合下式中至少之一：
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括：在所述沉积步骤之前的冷轧所述金属板(1)的步骤，至少最后道次利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5小于或等于0.5μm的经矫正的且未蚀刻的工作辊来实现。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述方法包括：在所述沉积步骤之前的冷轧所述金属板(1)的步骤，至少最后道次利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5小于或等于0.5μm的经矫正的且未蚀刻的工作辊来实现。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，在固化之后并在可选的光整冷轧操作之前所述金属涂层(7)的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.35μm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，在固化之后且在可选的光整冷轧操作之前所述金属涂层(7)的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.35μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法包括利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.05μm至2.95μm的EDT工作辊对所述金属板(1)进行光整冷轧的步骤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法包括利用工作表面的粗糙度Ra2.5为2.90μm至4.10μm的EBT工作辊的所述金属板(1)的光整冷轧步骤。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.6％。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.5％。
11.一种包括钢基板(3)的金属板(1)，所述钢基板(3)的至少一面(5)涂覆有通过将所述基板浸入浴中而沉积的金属涂层(7)，所述涂层包含按重量计0.2％至0.7％的Al，所述金属涂层(7)的剩余物为Zn、不可避免的杂质以及可选的选自Si、Sb、Pb、Ti、Ca、Mn、Sn、La、Ce、Cr、Zr或Bi的一种或更多种附加元素，在所述金属涂层(7)中的每种附加元素的重量含量小于0.3％，所述金属涂层(7)的外表面在可选的光整冷轧操作之前具有小于或等于0.35μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
12.根据权利要求11所述的金属板，其中，所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.6％。
13.根据权利要求12所述的金属板，其中，所述金属涂层(7)的铝重量含量小于或等于0.5％。
14.根据权利要求11所述的金属板，其通过根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法获得。
15.一种通过使根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的金属板变形得到的部件，其中所述金属涂层的外表面具有小于或等于0.43μm的波纹度Wa0.8。
16.根据权利要求15所述的部件，其中，所述金属涂层的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.41μm。
17.根据权利要求16所述的部件，其中，所述金属涂层的外表面的波纹度Wa0.8小于或等于0.37μm。
18.根据权利要求15所述的部件，所述部件还包括在所述金属涂层(7)上的涂膜。
19.根据权利要求18所述部件，其中，所述涂膜的厚度小于或等于120μm。
20.根据权利要求19所述部件，其中，所述涂膜的厚度小于或等于100μm。
21.一种包括车身的陆地机动车辆，所述车身包括根据权利要求15所述的部件。
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