CN104808073A - Single-particle transient pulse width measuring circuit - Google Patents
Single-particle transient pulse width measuring circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路,包括控制信号产生电路及至少一级双延时比较电路;其中控制信号产生电路具有复位输入端,单粒子脉冲接收端、脉冲开始输出端和脉冲结束输出端;每级双延时比较电路具有复位输入端,第一延时输入端、第二延时输入端、第一延时输出端、第二延时输出端和比较输出端。第一级中第一延迟输入端连接脉冲开始输出端,第二延迟输入端连接脉冲结束输出端,从第二级开始,每级中第一延迟输入端连接上一级第一延迟输出端,第二延迟输入端连接上一级第二延迟输出端。本发明实现的测量电路,能够测量单粒子瞬态脉冲的高电平脉冲宽度,可测范围大,测量精度高。
The invention discloses a single-event transient pulse width measurement circuit, which includes a control signal generating circuit and at least one stage of double-delay comparison circuit; wherein the control signal generating circuit has a reset input end, a single-event pulse receiving end, and a pulse start output end and pulse end output terminals; each stage of double-delay comparison circuit has a reset input terminal, a first delay input terminal, a second delay input terminal, a first delay output terminal, a second delay output terminal and a comparison output terminal. In the first stage, the first delay input terminal is connected to the pulse start output terminal, and the second delay input terminal is connected to the pulse end output terminal. From the second stage, the first delay input terminal in each stage is connected to the first delay output terminal of the previous stage, The second delay input terminal is connected to the second delay output terminal of the upper stage. The measurement circuit realized by the invention can measure the high-level pulse width of the single particle transient pulse, has a large measurable range and high measurement precision.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电脉冲宽度测量技术领域,特别涉及一种单粒子瞬态脉冲信号的高电平脉冲宽度测量电路。The invention relates to the technical field of electric pulse width measurement, in particular to a high-level pulse width measurement circuit of a single-event transient pulse signal.
背景技术Background technique
随着航天电子器件集成度的不断提高,空间辐射已经成为影响航天器可靠性和运行寿命的重要因素。辐射对集成电路的影响主要分为两大类:单粒子效应和总剂量效应。总剂量效应是集成电路长期处在辐射环境中,辐射效果积累所产生的效应;单粒子效应是辐射能量粒子进入集成电路后,辐射效果即时作用所产生的效应。其中单粒子效应可细分为三类:With the continuous improvement of the integration of aerospace electronic devices, space radiation has become an important factor affecting the reliability and operating life of spacecraft. The effects of radiation on integrated circuits fall into two main categories: single event effects and total dose effects. The total dose effect is the effect produced by the accumulation of radiation effects after the integrated circuit has been in the radiation environment for a long time; the single event effect is the effect produced by the immediate radiation effect after the radiation energy particles enter the integrated circuit. Single event effects can be subdivided into three categories:
1、单粒子软错误效应:包括单粒子翻转效应,单粒子瞬变效应,单粒子多翻转效应等,在短时间内对电路节点产生干扰。1. Single event soft error effect: including single event flip effect, single event transient effect, single event multiple flip effect, etc., which will interfere with circuit nodes in a short time.
2、具有潜在危险性的效应:如单粒子闩锁效应,如不加以控制,可能会导致芯片发生单粒子烧毁。2. Potentially dangerous effects: such as single event latch-up effect, if not controlled, may lead to single event burning of the chip.
3、单粒子硬错误效应,如位移损伤等,会使得芯片中的晶体管彻底不能工作。3. The single event hard error effect, such as displacement damage, will completely disable the transistors in the chip.
其中,单粒子瞬变效应是常见的影响芯片性能的主要因素,当芯片放置在辐射环境中,周围能量粒子会注入到芯片内部,通过电离辐射在能量粒子的运动轨迹上产生一定数目的电子、空穴对,这些电子、空穴对会在电场的作用下被电路节点吸收,改变节点电平,如果没有反馈回路,那么当单粒子作用的时间结束后,该节点电平又会恢复回原来的值,从而在电路中产生一个脉冲信号。Among them, the single event transient effect is a common main factor affecting the performance of the chip. When the chip is placed in a radiation environment, the surrounding energy particles will be injected into the chip, and a certain number of electrons will be generated on the trajectory of the energy particles through ionizing radiation. Hole pairs, these electron and hole pairs will be absorbed by the circuit nodes under the action of the electric field, changing the node level, if there is no feedback loop, then when the time of single particle action ends, the node level will return to the original value, thus generating a pulse signal in the circuit.
为了深入研究单粒子效应的发生机理、规律,测量各种星载电子元器件和集成电路的辐射敏感参数,评价其抗单粒子效应的水平和故障风险,为器件选型和抗辐射加固措施提供依据,需要搭建有效的测量环境,对瞬态脉冲信号宽度等特征进行准确测量。其中测量环境往往选择地面辐照实验,通过模拟产生宇宙射线粒子对待测芯片进行轰击试验,模拟真实的宇宙空间辐射环境。在对脉冲信号宽度进行测量时,根据入射粒子种类、能量等不同,产生的单粒子脉冲信号电平维持时间也不同,脉冲宽度可以从几十皮秒到一千皮秒以上。如果采用传统的示波器或逻辑分析仪等检测设备测量单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度,要求测量设备的频率必须非常高,这样的高频设备往往国内不能生产,国外也禁止输出,这使得测量成本非常高,实现难度大。如果采用片上电路进行测量,现有的脉冲宽度测量方法往往通过外部输入高频信号对脉冲信号采样来进行测量,因此捕获精度受采样信号的频率和波形影响,实际测量中也难以提供频率极高,波形特点又十分优良的采样信号,使得电路可测范围小,测量精度低。In order to study the occurrence mechanism and law of single event effects in depth, measure the radiation sensitive parameters of various spaceborne electronic components and integrated circuits, evaluate their anti-single event effect level and failure risk, and provide support for device type selection and anti-radiation hardening measures Based on this, it is necessary to build an effective measurement environment to accurately measure characteristics such as the width of transient pulse signals. Among them, the measurement environment often chooses the ground irradiation experiment, and the bombardment test of the chip to be tested is performed by simulating cosmic ray particles to simulate the real space radiation environment. When measuring the width of the pulse signal, depending on the type and energy of the incident particle, the level maintenance time of the generated single-particle pulse signal is also different, and the pulse width can range from tens of picoseconds to more than a thousand picoseconds. If a traditional oscilloscope or logic analyzer is used to measure the transient pulse width of a single event, the frequency of the measurement equipment must be very high. Such high-frequency equipment is often not produced in China, and its output is prohibited abroad, which makes the measurement cost very high. , it is very difficult to realize. If the on-chip circuit is used for measurement, the existing pulse width measurement method often samples the pulse signal through an external input high-frequency signal, so the capture accuracy is affected by the frequency and waveform of the sampling signal, and it is difficult to provide extremely high frequency in actual measurement. , The waveform characteristics are very good sampling signals, which makes the circuit measurable range small and the measurement accuracy low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路,可以通过改变电路级数,改变电路测量范围,可以通过改变双延迟比较电路中两个延迟电路的延迟之差,调节测量精度。The invention provides a single-event transient pulse width measurement circuit, which can change the circuit measurement range by changing the circuit stages, and can adjust the measurement accuracy by changing the delay difference between two delay circuits in a double-delay comparison circuit.
根据本发明的一个实施例,单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路包括:According to an embodiment of the present invention, the single event transient pulse width measurement circuit includes:
控制信号产生电路,具有复位信号输入端,单粒子脉冲接收端、脉冲开始信号输出端和脉冲结束信号输出端。其中单粒子脉冲接收端连接待测010型单粒子脉冲信号。The control signal generating circuit has a reset signal input terminal, a single event pulse receiving terminal, a pulse start signal output terminal and a pulse end signal output terminal. The single event pulse receiving end is connected to the 010 type single event pulse signal to be tested.
至少一级双延时比较电路,每级双延时比较电路具有复位输入端,第一延时输入端、第二延时输入端、第一延时输出端、第二延时输出端和比较输出端。第一级双延时比较电路的第一延时输入端连接控制信号产生电路的脉冲开始信号输出端,第二延时输入端连接控制信号产生电路的脉冲信号结束输出端。从第二级双延时比较电路开始,每级双延时比较电路的第一延时输入端连接上一级双延时比较电路的第一延时输出端,第二延时输入端连接上一级双延时比较电路的第二延时输出端。At least one stage of double-delay comparison circuit, each stage of double-delay comparison circuit has a reset input terminal, a first delay input terminal, a second delay input terminal, a first delay output terminal, a second delay output terminal and a comparison output. The first delay input terminal of the first-stage double-delay comparison circuit is connected to the pulse start signal output terminal of the control signal generation circuit, and the second delay input terminal is connected to the pulse signal end output terminal of the control signal generation circuit. Starting from the second-stage double-delay comparison circuit, the first delay input terminal of each double-delay comparison circuit is connected to the first delay output terminal of the upper-stage double-delay comparison circuit, and the second delay input terminal is connected to the The second delay output terminal of the first-stage double delay comparison circuit.
控制信号产生电路和各级双延时比较电路的复位输入端均连接复位信号,控制信号产生电路的脉冲开始信号输出端out1同各级双延时比较电路的比较输出端out2/…/out3共同构成单粒子脉冲宽度测量电路的输出信号。实际测量中可根据out1,…,outn的输出电平反推出待测单粒子信号脉冲宽度。The control signal generation circuit and the reset input terminals of the double-delay comparison circuits at all levels are connected to the reset signal, and the pulse start signal output terminal out1 of the control signal generation circuit is in common with the comparison output terminals out2/.../out3 of the double-delay comparison circuits at all levels. Constitutes the output signal of the single event pulse width measurement circuit. In the actual measurement, the pulse width of the single event signal to be tested can be inversely deduced according to the output levels of out1, ..., outn.
采用本发明实现的单粒子脉冲宽度测量电路,其测量原理如下:Adopt the single event pulse width measuring circuit realized by the present invention, its measuring principle is as follows:
通过控制信号产生电路产生脉冲开始信号out1,脉冲结束信号end。在测量开始时,复位信号reset为高电平,使得out1为低电平,end为高电平,out2,…,outn为低电平;当待测单粒子脉冲信号input由低电平变为高电平时,将使得out1信号由低电平变为高电平,end信号保持高电平不变。而后当input由高电平变为低电平时,out1信号高电平保持不变,而end信号由高电平变为低电平;由此可知end信号由高电平变为低电平的时刻比out1信号由低电平变为高电平的时刻晚,该时间差(即end信号同out1信号均为高电平的时间)约等于input脉冲宽度。而各级双延迟比较电路中,通过延迟电路1对out1信号逐级延迟,通过延迟电路2对end信号逐级延迟,由于电路设计过程中,要求当输入信号相同时,延迟电路1的延迟时间必须大于延迟电路2的延迟时间,因此每添加一级双延迟比较电路,该级第一延迟输出端同第二延迟输出端均为高电平的时间比该级第一延迟输入端同第二延迟输入端均为高电平的时间短,短的数值约等于t1-t2。The pulse start signal out1 and the pulse end signal end are generated by the control signal generating circuit. At the beginning of the measurement, the reset signal reset is high level, so that out1 is low level, end is high level, out2,..., outn are low level; when the single event pulse signal input to be measured changes from low level to When the level is high, the out1 signal will change from low level to high level, and the end signal will remain high level. Then when the input changes from high level to low level, the high level of the out1 signal remains unchanged, and the end signal changes from high level to low level; it can be seen that the end signal changes from high level to low level The time is later than the time when the out1 signal changes from low level to high level, and the time difference (that is, the time when the end signal and the out1 signal are both high level) is approximately equal to the input pulse width. In the dual-delay comparison circuits at all levels, the out1 signal is delayed step by step through the delay circuit 1, and the end signal is delayed step by step through the delay circuit 2. Since the circuit design process requires that when the input signals are the same, the delay time of the delay circuit 1 must be greater than the delay time of the delay circuit 2, so each time a double-delay comparison circuit is added, the time when the first delay output terminal and the second delay output terminal of the stage are both high is higher than the first delay input terminal of the stage and the second delay input terminal The time that the delay input terminals are all high level is short, and the shortest value is approximately equal to t1-t2.
由此可知,对于固定宽度的单粒子脉冲信号,经过若干级双延迟电路后,第一延迟输出端同第二延迟输出端均为高电平的时间将为零,或虽为正值,但该值过小(同为高电平的时间过短),以致不足以驱动三输入或非门RS锁存器翻转。综上可知,待测单粒子脉冲信号脉冲宽度越宽,能够翻转的锁存器数目越多,即out1,…,outn中高电平的数目越多。因此可根据out1,…,outn的输出情况反推出待测单粒子脉冲宽度。It can be seen that, for a single-event pulse signal with a fixed width, after several stages of double-delay circuits, the time when the first delay output terminal and the second delay output terminal are both high will be zero, or although it is a positive value, but This value is too small (the same high level time is too short), so that it is not enough to drive the three-input NOR gate RS latch to flip. It can be seen from the above that the wider the pulse width of the single event pulse signal to be tested, the more the number of latches that can be flipped, that is, the more the number of high levels in out1,..., outn. Therefore, the pulse width of the single event to be measured can be inversely deduced according to the output of out1, ..., outn.
采用本方法其测试精度约等于延迟电路1同延迟电路2的延迟能力之差,即延迟电路1的延迟时间减去延迟电路2的延迟时间。但从实际使用角度出发,为减小其他因素的影响,提高测量精度,最好事先根据仿真情况或应用其它仪器的测试情况,列出out1,…,outn输出情况同输入脉冲宽度范围对应表格,在实际测量时,根据实际输出情况,找到该表格中该种输出情况对应输入脉冲宽度范围,实现测量的目的。Using this method, the test accuracy is approximately equal to the difference between the delay capabilities of the delay circuit 1 and the delay circuit 2, that is, the delay time of the delay circuit 1 minus the delay time of the delay circuit 2. But from the point of view of actual use, in order to reduce the influence of other factors and improve the measurement accuracy, it is best to list out1,..., outn output conditions corresponding to the input pulse width range according to the simulation situation or the test situation of other instruments in advance. In the actual measurement, according to the actual output situation, find the input pulse width range corresponding to the output situation in the table to achieve the purpose of measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明的一个实施例提供的单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single event transient pulse width measurement circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明的一个实施例提供的控制信号产生电路结构示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a control signal generation circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明的一个实施例提供的三输入或非门RS锁存器结构示意图;FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-input NOR gate RS latch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明的一个实施例提供的控制信号产生电路工作波形示意图;FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a working waveform of a control signal generating circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明的一个实施例提供的延时比较电路的结构示意图;FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a delay comparison circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明的一个实施例提供的延时比较电路的工作波形示意图;FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of working waveforms of a delay comparison circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明的一个实施例提供的单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路测量一个单粒子瞬态脉冲的整体工作波形示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall working waveform of a single event transient pulse measured by the single event transient pulse width measurement circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
附图中相同或相似的附图标记代表相同或相似的部件。The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar components.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1所示为本发明的一个实施例提供的单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路结构示意图,包括控制信号产生电路101及至少一级延时比较电路102。图1中示出延时比较电路102有n级(例如,可以由8级电路构成)。下文中在测量特定宽度范围的单粒子脉冲信号时,采用8级延时比较电路,当然根据测量需要,不限于此。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single event transient pulse width measurement circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including a control signal generation circuit 101 and at least one stage of delay comparison circuit 102 . It is shown in FIG. 1 that the delay comparison circuit 102 has n stages (for example, it may be composed of 8 stages). In the following, when measuring the single event pulse signal with a specific width range, an 8-stage delay comparison circuit is used, of course, according to the measurement requirements, it is not limited thereto.
采用本发明的一个实施例,其控制信号产生电路(101),具有复位信号输入端,单粒子脉冲接收端、脉冲开始信号输出端(out1)和脉冲结束信号输出端(end)。其中单粒子脉冲接收端连接待测010型单粒子脉冲信号(input)。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control signal generating circuit (101) has a reset signal input terminal, a single event pulse receiving terminal, a pulse start signal output terminal (out1) and a pulse end signal output terminal (end). The single event pulse receiving end is connected to the 010 type single event pulse signal (input) to be tested.
采用本发明的一个实施例,其具有8级双延时比较电路(102),每级双延时比较电路(102)具有复位输入端,第一延时输入端、第二延时输入端、第一延时输出端、第二延时输出端和比较输出端(out2/…/outn)。第一级双延时比较电路的第一延时输入端连接控制信号产生电路(101)的脉冲开始信号输出端(out1),第二延时输入端连接控制信号产生电路(101)的脉冲信号结束输出端(end)。从第二级双延时比较电路开始,每级双延时比较电路的第一延时输入端连接上一级双延时比较电路的第一延时输出端,第二延时输入端连接上一级双延时比较电路的第二延时输出端。Adopt an embodiment of the present invention, it has 8 stages of double time-delay comparison circuits (102), every stage of double-delay comparison circuits (102) has reset input terminals, the first time delay input end, the second time delay input end, The first delayed output terminal, the second delayed output terminal and the comparison output terminal (out2/.../outn). The first delay input terminal of the first stage double delay comparison circuit is connected to the pulse start signal output terminal (out1) of the control signal generation circuit (101), and the second delay input terminal is connected to the pulse signal of the control signal generation circuit (101). End the output terminal (end). Starting from the second-stage double-delay comparison circuit, the first delay input terminal of each double-delay comparison circuit is connected to the first delay output terminal of the upper-stage double-delay comparison circuit, and the second delay input terminal is connected to the The second delay output terminal of the first-stage double delay comparison circuit.
控制信号产生电路和各级双延时比较电路的复位输入端均连接复位信号(reset),控制信号产生电路的脉冲开始信号(out1)同各级双延时比较电路的比较输出端(out2/…/out3)共同构成单粒子脉冲宽度测量电路的输出信号。实际测量中根据out1/…/outn的输出电平反推出待测单粒子信号脉冲宽度。The control signal generation circuit and the reset input terminals of the double-delay comparison circuits at all levels are connected to the reset signal (reset), and the pulse start signal (out1) of the control signal generation circuit is the same as the comparison output terminals (out2/ .../out3) together constitute the output signal of the single event pulse width measurement circuit. In the actual measurement, the pulse width of the single event signal to be tested is deduced according to the output level of out1/.../outn.
在本实施例中,设计了如图2所示的控制信号产生电路,包括或非门基本RS锁存器201,反相器202,带与门功能的三输入RS锁存器203。In this embodiment, a control signal generation circuit as shown in FIG. 2 is designed, including a basic NOR gate RS latch 201, an inverter 202, and a three-input RS latch 203 with an AND gate function.
其中三输入或非门RS锁存器包括R输入端,S1输入端和S2输入端以及Q输出端和输出端。复位信号(reset)连接或非门基本RS锁存器的R输入端和三输入或非门RS锁存器的R输入端。待测010型单粒子脉冲信号(input)连接或非门基本RS锁存器的S输入端,或非门基本RS锁存器的Q输出端即为控制信号产生电路的脉冲开始信号输出端(out1),Q输出端同时连接三输入或非门RS锁存器的S1输入端,input同时连接反向器的输入端,反向器的输出端连接三输入或非门RS锁存器的S2输入端,三输入或非门RS锁存器的输出端即为控制信号产生电路的脉冲结束信号输出端(end)。The three-input NOR gate RS latch includes R input, S1 input and S2 input, and Q output and output. The reset signal (reset) is connected to the R input terminal of the basic RS latch of the NOR gate and the R input terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch. The 010-type single-event pulse signal (input) to be tested is connected to the S input terminal of the basic RS latch of the NOR gate, and the Q output terminal of the basic RS latch of the NOR gate is the pulse start signal output terminal of the control signal generating circuit ( out1), the Q output terminal is connected to the S1 input terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch at the same time, the input is connected to the input terminal of the inverter at the same time, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to the S2 of the three-input NOR gate RS latch Inputs of the three-input NOR gate RS latch The output terminal is the pulse end signal output terminal (end) of the control signal generating circuit.
在本发明的实施例中,所用三输入或非门RS锁存器203的电路结构如图3所示,该电路由CMOS电路构成,其S1输入端同S2输入端可互换。其中301,302,305,306,307为PMOS管,衬底均接电源,PMOS管宽/长均为2.3微米/0.18微米;303,304,308,309,310为NMOS管,衬底均接地,NMOS管宽/长均为0.89微米/0.18微米。In the embodiment of the present invention, the circuit structure of the used three-input NOR gate RS latch 203 is shown in FIG. 3 , the circuit is composed of a CMOS circuit, and its S1 input terminal is interchangeable with the S2 input terminal. Among them, 301, 302, 305, 306, and 307 are PMOS tubes, and the substrates are all connected to the power supply. The width/length of the PMOS tubes are both 2.3 microns/0.18 microns; 303, 304, 308, 309, and 310 are NMOS tubes, and the substrates are all grounded. , NMOS tube width/length are both 0.89 microns/0.18 microns.
其中301栅端接三输入或非门RS锁存器R输入端,301源端接电源,漏端接302源端;302栅端接三输入或非门RS锁存器输出端,漏端接三输入或非门RS锁存器Q输出端;303和304的源端均接三输入或非门RS锁存器Q输出端,栅端分别接R输入端和输出端,漏端均接地;305和306的源端均接电源,栅端分别接三输入或非门RS锁存器S1输入端和S2输入端,漏端均接307源端;307栅端接Q输出端,漏端接输出端;308漏端接Q输出端,栅端接Q输出端,源端接地;309漏端接输出端,栅端接S1输入端,源端接310漏端;310栅端接S2输入端,源端接地。Among them, the gate terminal of 301 is connected to the R input terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch, the source terminal of 301 is connected to the power supply, and the drain terminal is connected to the source terminal of 302; the gate terminal of 302 is connected to the three-input NOR gate RS latch The output terminal and the drain terminal are connected to the Q output terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch; the sources of 303 and 304 are connected to the Q output terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch, and the gate terminals are respectively connected to the R input terminal and Both the output terminal and the drain terminal are grounded; the source terminals of 305 and 306 are connected to the power supply, the gate terminal is respectively connected to the three-input NOR gate RS latch S1 input terminal and the S2 input terminal, and the drain terminal is connected to the 307 source terminal; 307 grid terminal Connect to Q output terminal, drain terminal Output terminal; 308 drain terminal is connected to Q output terminal, gate terminal is connected to Q output terminal, source terminal is grounded; 309 drain terminal is connected The output terminal, the gate terminal is connected to the S1 input terminal, the source terminal is connected to the drain terminal of 310; the gate terminal of 310 is connected to the S2 input terminal, and the source terminal is grounded.
三输入或非门基本RS锁存器,当R端为高电平,S1和S2端不全为高电平时,Q端输出低电平,端输出高电平;当R端为低电平时,S1和S2均为高电平时,Q端输出高电平,端输出低电平;当R端为低电平时,且S1和S2不全为高电平时,Q端和端输出保持不变。The basic RS latch of the three-input NOR gate, when the R terminal is high, and the S1 and S2 terminals are not all high, the Q terminal outputs a low level, Terminal output high level; when R terminal is low level, when both S1 and S2 are high level, Q terminal output high level, terminal output low level; when R terminal is low level, and S1 and S2 are not all high level, Q terminal and The terminal output remains unchanged.
控制信号产生电路工作波形示意图如图4所示,为便于清晰看出波形变化,此处将待测单粒子脉冲信号input脉冲宽度设为5纳秒(实际单粒子脉冲信号往往不超过1纳秒)。当测量开始时,2纳秒时,复位信号reset变为高电平,待测单粒子脉冲为低电平,此时RS锁存器复位,脉冲开始信号out1为低电平,脉冲结束信号end为高电平;6纳秒时复位信号变为低电平,此时待测单粒子脉冲信号也为低电平,脉冲开始信号保持低电平,脉冲结束信号保持高电平;10纳秒时,待测单粒子脉冲信号由低电平变为高电平时,脉冲开始信号由低电平变为为高电平,脉冲结束信号保持高电平不变;当15纳秒时,待测单粒子脉冲信号由高电平恢复为低电平时,脉冲开始信号保持高电平,脉冲结束信号由高电平变为低电平。The schematic diagram of the working waveform of the control signal generation circuit is shown in Figure 4. In order to clearly see the waveform changes, the input pulse width of the single event pulse signal to be tested is set to 5 nanoseconds here (the actual single event pulse signal is often not more than 1 nanosecond ). When the measurement starts, at 2 nanoseconds, the reset signal reset becomes high level, the single event pulse to be tested is low level, at this time the RS latch is reset, the pulse start signal out1 is low level, and the pulse end signal end is high level; the reset signal becomes low level at 6 nanoseconds, at this time the single event pulse signal to be tested is also low level, the pulse start signal remains low level, and the pulse end signal remains high level; 10 nanoseconds , when the single event pulse signal to be tested changes from low level to high level, the pulse start signal changes from low level to high level, and the pulse end signal remains high level; when it is 15 nanoseconds, the When the single event pulse signal is restored from high level to low level, the pulse start signal remains high level, and the pulse end signal changes from high level to low level.
在本实施例中,各级延时比较电路均采用相同的电路结构尺寸,如图5所示,其中401,402,403,404为反相器,203为三输入或非门RS锁存器。401的输入端连接双延迟比较电路的第一延迟输入端(b_in_1),401的输出端连接402的输入端,402的输出端即为双延迟比较电路的第一延迟输出端(b_out_1);403的输入端连接双延迟比较电路的第二延迟输入端(b_in_2),403的输出端连接404的输入端,404的输出端即为双延迟比较电路的第二延迟输出端(b_out_2);402和404的输出端分别连接三输入或非门RS锁存器203的S1输入端和S2输入端,203的R输入端连接双延迟比较电路的复位输入端(reset),203的Q输出端连接双延迟比较电路的比较输出端(out)(如out2/out3/…/outn);401中PMOS管宽/长为6.9微米/0.18微米,NMOS管宽/长为2.67微米/0.18微米。402,403,404中PMOS管宽/长均为2.3微米/0.18微米,NMOS管宽/长均为0.89微米/0.18微米。即401和402构成第一延迟电路,403和404构成第二延迟电路,由于401中PMOS管和NMOS管宽度和长度较大,通过仿真可知,第一延迟电路的延迟时间大于第二延迟电路的延迟时间。In this embodiment, the delay comparison circuits at all levels adopt the same circuit structure size, as shown in Figure 5, wherein 401, 402, 403, 404 are inverters, and 203 is a three-input NOR gate RS latch . The input end of 401 is connected to the first delay input end (b_in_1) of the double delay comparison circuit, the output end of 401 is connected to the input end of 402, and the output end of 402 is the first delay output end (b_out_1) of the double delay comparison circuit; 403 The input end of 403 is connected to the second delay input end (b_in_2) of the double delay comparison circuit, the output end of 403 is connected to the input end of 404, and the output end of 404 is the second delay output end (b_out_2) of the double delay comparison circuit; 402 and The output terminal of 404 is respectively connected to the S1 input terminal and the S2 input terminal of the three-input NOR gate RS latch 203, the R input terminal of 203 is connected to the reset input terminal (reset) of the double-delay comparison circuit, and the Q output terminal of 203 is connected to the dual delay comparison circuit. The comparison output terminal (out) of the delay comparison circuit (such as out2/out3/.../outn); the PMOS tube width/length in 401 is 6.9 microns/0.18 microns, and the NMOS tube width/length is 2.67 microns/0.18 microns. In 402, 403, and 404, the width/length of the PMOS tubes are both 2.3 microns/0.18 microns, and the width/length of the NMOS tubes are both 0.89 microns/0.18 microns. That is, 401 and 402 constitute the first delay circuit, and 403 and 404 constitute the second delay circuit. Since the width and length of the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor in 401 are relatively large, it can be known through simulation that the delay time of the first delay circuit is longer than that of the second delay circuit. delay.
在本实施例中,延时比较电路工作波形示意图如图6所示,从上到下依次为第二延时输出端的输出信号b_out_2,第二延时输入端的输入信号b_in_2,第一延时输出端的输出信号b_out_1,第一延时输入端的输入信号b_in_1,复位信号reset,翻转输出端的输出信号out的电压波形。结合图5可知,在仿真时刻2纳秒时,reset信号变为高电平,b_in_1信号为低电平,b_in_2信号为高电平,此时203复位,out信号为低电平。在5.64纳秒时,b_in_1信号由低电平变为高电平,在5.76纳秒时(5.76-5.64=0.12纳秒后),b_out_1信号变为高电平,在5.77纳秒时,b_in_2信号由高电平变为低电平,在5.87纳秒时(0.1纳秒后),b_out_2信号变为低电平,即b_out_1信号的延迟时间(5.76-5.64=0.12纳秒)要大于b_out_2信号延迟时间(5.87-5.77=0.1纳秒),在这一过程中,b_out_1信号和b_out_2信号同为高电平的时间约为(5.87-5.76)=0.11纳秒,能够驱动503翻转,使得out信号变为高电平。每级测试精度约等于0.12-0.1=0.02纳秒。In this embodiment, the schematic diagram of the working waveform of the delay comparison circuit is shown in Figure 6. From top to bottom, it is the output signal b_out_2 of the second delay output terminal, the input signal b_in_2 of the second delay input terminal, and the first delay output signal b_in_2. The output signal b_out_1 of the terminal, the input signal b_in_1 of the first delay input terminal, the reset signal reset, and the voltage waveform of the output signal out of the output terminal are reversed. Combining with Figure 5, it can be seen that at the simulation time of 2 nanoseconds, the reset signal becomes high level, the b_in_1 signal is low level, and the b_in_2 signal is high level, at this time 203 is reset, and the out signal is low level. At 5.64 nanoseconds, the b_in_1 signal changes from low level to high level, at 5.76 nanoseconds (5.76-5.64=0.12 nanoseconds later), the b_out_1 signal becomes high level, and at 5.77 nanoseconds, the b_in_2 signal From high level to low level, at 5.87 nanoseconds (after 0.1 nanoseconds), the b_out_2 signal becomes low level, that is, the delay time of the b_out_1 signal (5.76-5.64=0.12 nanoseconds) is greater than the b_out_2 signal delay Time (5.87-5.77=0.1 nanoseconds), in this process, the b_out_1 signal and the b_out_2 signal are at the same high level time is about (5.87-5.76)=0.11 nanoseconds, which can drive 503 to flip, so that the out signal becomes is high level. Each level of test accuracy is approximately equal to 0.12-0.1=0.02 nanoseconds.
由于b_out_1信号的延时时间长于b_out_2信号的延时时间,因此使得各级输出b_out_1信号同b_out_2信号均为高电平的时间逐级递减,对于固定宽度的单粒子脉冲信号,经过若干级双延迟电路后,第一延迟输出端同第二延迟输出端均为高电平的时间将为零,或虽为正值,但该值过小(同为高电平的时间过短),以致不足以驱动三输入或非门RS锁存器翻转。因此只要延时比较电路的数目足够多,待测单粒子脉冲就只能驱动有限个延时比较电路翻转。并且单粒子脉宽越宽,驱动翻转的延时比较电路数目就越多,因此可根据各级输出端的输出电平反推待测单粒子脉宽。Since the delay time of the b_out_1 signal is longer than the delay time of the b_out_2 signal, the time at which the b_out_1 signal and the b_out_2 signal are both high at all levels is gradually reduced. For a fixed-width single-event pulse signal, after several stages of double delay After the circuit, the time when the first delay output terminal and the second delay output terminal are both high level will be zero, or although it is a positive value, the value is too small (the time for the same high level is too short), so that it is not enough To drive the three-input NOR gate RS latch to flip. Therefore, as long as the number of delay comparison circuits is large enough, the single event pulse to be tested can only drive a limited number of delay comparison circuits to flip. And the wider the pulse width of the single event, the more the number of delay comparison circuits for driving the reversal, so the pulse width of the single event to be measured can be inversely deduced according to the output levels of the output terminals of each level.
在实际应用过程中,可以根据待测单粒子脉宽的特点,增加或减少各级缓冲器的尺寸或级数,调节延时电路1和延迟电路2的延时时间之差,控制每级的测量精度。也可以通过增加双延时比较电路的级数,扩大测试范围。In the actual application process, according to the characteristics of the pulse width of the single event to be measured, the size or number of stages of the buffers at each level can be increased or decreased, the delay time difference between the delay circuit 1 and the delay circuit 2 can be adjusted, and the delay time of each stage can be controlled. measurement accuracy. It is also possible to expand the test range by increasing the number of stages of the double-delay comparison circuit.
如图7所示为本实施例中单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度测量电路测量一个单粒子瞬态脉冲的整体工作波形示意,从上至下依次为各级延时比较电路翻转输出端输出信号out9/…/out1,脉冲结束信号end,单粒子脉冲信号input和复位信号reset的电压波形。其中out2/…/out9、分别为第1至第8级延时比较电路的翻转输出端输出信号。在本实施例中,电源电压为1.8V,待测input信号高电平脉冲宽度为240ps。As shown in Figure 7, it is a schematic diagram of the overall working waveform of a single-event transient pulse measured by the single-event transient pulse width measurement circuit in this embodiment. From top to bottom, the output signals out9/ …/out1, voltage waveforms of pulse end signal end, single event pulse signal input and reset signal reset. Wherein out2/.../out9 are the output signals of the inversion output terminals of the first to eighth stage delay comparison circuits respectively. In this embodiment, the power supply voltage is 1.8V, and the high-level pulse width of the input signal to be tested is 240 ps.
仿真时刻2纳秒时,reset信号变为1(0代表低电平,1代表高电平),控制信号产生电路和各级延时比较电路复位,end信号为1,输出信号out1至out9为0。仿真时刻4纳秒时,reset信号变为0,测量开始。仿真时刻5纳秒时,input信号产生一个脉冲宽度为0.24纳秒的高电平脉冲,由于d_out_1同d_out_2均为高电平的时间逐级变短,因此如仿真结果所示,当输入为240ps时,可以驱动out2/…/out5翻转,而out6/…/out9无法翻转。When the simulation time is 2 nanoseconds, the reset signal becomes 1 (0 represents low level, 1 represents high level), the control signal generation circuit and the delay comparison circuits at all levels are reset, the end signal is 1, and the output signals out1 to out9 are 0. When the simulation time is 4 nanoseconds, the reset signal becomes 0, and the measurement starts. When the simulation time is 5 nanoseconds, the input signal generates a high-level pulse with a pulse width of 0.24 nanoseconds. Since the time when d_out_1 and d_out_2 are both high-level gradually becomes shorter, as shown in the simulation results, when the input is 240ps , it can drive out2/…/out5 to flip, but out6/…/out9 cannot flip.
从上述测量过程可以看出,输入脉冲宽度越宽,所能驱动翻转的延时比较电路数目越多。在设计电路时,可以通过重复改变输入脉冲宽度,得到脉冲宽度与延时比较电路翻转个数对应表格,如下表所示,其中0表示输出低电平,即输出不翻转,1表示输出高电平,即输出发生翻转。据此即可根据实际延时比较电路输出端输出情况,反推出所测脉冲宽度的范围。It can be seen from the above measurement process that the wider the input pulse width, the more the number of delay comparison circuits that can be driven to flip. When designing the circuit, you can obtain the corresponding table of the pulse width and the number of inversions of the delay comparison circuit by repeatedly changing the input pulse width, as shown in the following table, where 0 means the output is low, that is, the output is not inverted, and 1 means the output is high Flat, that is, the output is flipped. Accordingly, the range of the measured pulse width can be inversely deduced according to the actual delay comparison circuit output condition.
在实际电路设计过程中,可以根据测量范围和测量精度要求,通过尝试不同的电路尺寸和电路级数使得各级延时比较电路的输出翻转情况同脉冲宽度之间的对应关系更加符合设计要求。In the actual circuit design process, according to the measurement range and measurement accuracy requirements, by trying different circuit sizes and circuit stages, the corresponding relationship between the output reversal of the delay comparison circuits at all levels and the pulse width can be more in line with the design requirements.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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CN106569041A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Single-event transient pulse width measuring circuit, integrated circuit and electronic device |
CN106569042A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Single-event transient pulse width measuring circuit, integrated circuit and electronic device |
CN106569040A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Single-event transient pulse width measuring circuit, integrated circuit and electronic device |
CN106569042B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Single Event Transient Pulse Width Measurement Circuits, Integrated Circuits and Electronic Devices |
CN106569041B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Single Event Transient Pulse Width Measurement Circuits, Integrated Circuits and Electronic Devices |
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