CN104798711A - Method for accelerating artificial breeding speed of horseshoe crabs of China - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for accelerating the embryonic development speed of horseshoe crabs of China by controlling the environmental factors. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of culturing fertilized eggs produced after copulation of the horseshoe crabs of China in a rectangular mesh basket under the conditions that the water temperature is 27.5-31 DEG C, the pH value is 7.8-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is 6.3-7.0, the illumination is 60-3000 lx and the salinity is 32-35 per thousand; putting the rectangular mesh basket into a culture pond, wherein the water depth of the culture pond is 0.5-2.0m. After the method for accelerating the embryonic development speed of the horseshoe crabs of China by controlling the environmental factors is used for culturing the horseshoe crabs of China, the horseshoe crabs of China generally begin to take off the membrane and are incubated from about the thirtieth day, so that time is shorter; therefore, the breeding time is shortened, the survival rate is improved, and the breeding cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relate to a kind of method being improved Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus speed by the factor that controls environment.
Background technology
Tachypleus tridentatus (Tachypleus tridentatus), be subordinate to Arthropoda (Arthropoda), have huge legendary turtle limb subphylum (Chelieerta), Merostomata (Merostomata), Xiphosura (Xiphosura), king crab section (Limulidae).In the embryo of king crab and early stage larval development, have the trilobita stage, it is close relative that it and early Cambrian period (before about 5.7 hundred million years) occur to the trilobita that the late Permian Period (before 2.5 hundred million years) dies out.Present king crab is the animal that Merostomata is only deposited, and Merostomata starts from the Cambrian, is tending towards flouring when the Silurian Period, the devonian period (4.35-3.6 is before 100000000 years), starts decline Mesozoic Era (before about 2.4 hundred million years), only deposits king crab so far.Class king crab (Merostomata xiphosuran) fossil the earliest sees the late Ordovician period (before about 4.5 hundred million years), and the form of king crab is at that time just very similar to modern king crab.Existing king crab has experienced the very long course of about several hundred million years, and morphosis does not have large change, so king crab is genuine " living fossil ".
King crab is the important materials of research organic evolution, animal physiological and bionic, so it is a member indispensable in the Nature, is also the important component part of ecological chain.King crab plays an important role in the scientific research fields such as zoology, organic evolution, ecology, modern medicine and bionics, for the mankind have made outstanding contributions, is precious, irreplaceable natural resources.In the history of evolution of the earth, once there is more than 100 kind of king crab.But now, the earth only deposits four kinds: a kind of limulus polyphemus is distributed in East Coast of North America; Other three kinds of king crabs are distributed in east Asia and Southeast Asia one with narrow marine site.King crab is a kind of precious marine medicinal animals resource, can not only TAL processed, also can be separated the antibacterial peptide of AntiHIV1 RT activity, fungi, Gram-negative bacteria from king crab.
Tachypleus tridentatus is individual the maximum in present four kinds of king crabs, and its meat and ovum can eat, and its meat, shell and tail are the medicines controlling traumatic injury, high heat, can also chitin extraction.In view of this Tachypleus tridentatus has important economy and researching value.In recent years, the population quantity of Tachypleus tridentatus is fewer and feweri, has now taken turns as animals on the brink of extinction.Do be the sharply minimizing of Tachypleus tridentatus quantity that human behavior causes, or whole world change causes? people also have a lot of arguement.After all, why Tachypleus tridentatus is only distributed in north to north, Japanese Kyushu Island bank, reaches the west and south, Indonesia Su Mendala island in the south, to the east of Philippine, is still a fan in the narrow marine site of South East Asia Mainland concerning the mankind.
Liang Guangyao (1987) reports that the king crab ovum of Tachypleus tridentatus takes 36 days from by precise and penetrating hatching in the artificial breeding research of king crab, and in the test-tube experiment of the king crab that Li Feng etc. do, the fertilized egg of king crab will be arrived 40-43 days and could be hatched, Wang Yuanyuan, Zheng Jinbao (1984) propose probably through 52 days, fertilized egg to be cultivated into the trilobita young in young king crab grows, and they are the fertilized eggs of picking up on sandy beach.The length of the seedling raise period of king crab, had both affected the survival rate of king crab, had also affected seedling cost.Seedling raise period is shorter, and nursery survival rate is higher, and seedling cost is lower.In prior art, lack a kind of method that can shorten the raising Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus speed of seedling raise period.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method being improved Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus speed by the factor that controls environment is provided.
Improve a method for Tachypleus tridentatus artificial breeding speed, adopt following technical scheme:
By the fertilized egg that Tachypleus tridentatus post-coitum produces, be placed in basket, basket is positioned over to cultivate in pond again and cultivates, and cultivates pond control water temperature 27.5-31 DEG C, pH value 7.8-8.0, dissolved oxygen 6.3-7.0, illumination 60-3000lx, salinity 32-35 ‰, cultivates pond depth of water 0.5-2.0m.
Further preferably, described basket is rectangle, is of a size of 45cm × 32cm × 17cm.
Further preferably, described cultivation pond is of a size of 8m × 2m × 1m.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The method that the present invention improves Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus speed by the factor that controls environment cultivates Tachypleus tridentatus embryo, Tachypleus tridentatus within general about the 30th day, just start demoulding hatching, time shorter, can seedling raise period be saved like this, improve survival rate, save seedling cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that envirment factor affects result to embryo's shell shortest time.
Fig. 2 is that envirment factor affects result to embryo's shell maximum duration.
What Fig. 3 was envirment factor on embryo's shell average time affects result.
Fig. 4 is that envirment factor affects result to embryo's shell rate.
Fig. 5 is that envirment factor affects result to the embryo hatching shortest time.
Fig. 6 is that envirment factor affects result to embryo hatching maximum duration.
Fig. 7 is the statistics of envirment factor to embryo hatching average time.
Fig. 8 is that envirment factor affects result to embryonic hatching.
embodiment:
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment:
1, material:
Fertilized egg is that the Tachypleus tridentatus self-copulation of Tachypleus tridentatus spawning pond between this seedling culturing vehicle is laid eggs and obtained.Embryo breeding container is white rectangles plastics basin (hereinafter referred to as basin), 17cm × 7cm round plastic basket (hereinafter referred to as little basket), the rectangle pannier (hereinafter referred to as pannier) of 45cm × 32cm × 17cm, the black plastic basket (hereinafter referred to as basket) of 40cm × 30cm × 12cm of specification 36cm × 28cm × 13.5cm.
2, method:
Nursery pond 6 kinds of varying environment factor pair king crab embryo breedings impacts such as sand of basket and three kinds of thicknesses in basin, water in basin, water are on the bank set.
The fertilized egg of same a pair king crab with a collection of output is put in the basin of white, little basket respectively.Put 100 ovum in each white basin, the depth of water is 2.5-3.5cm, altogether 6 basins, and 3 are placed in nursery pond, bubble through the water column; 3 are placed on the table top of nursery pond.Little basket three altogether, eachly puts 100 ovum, be then placed in float on the nursery pond water surface pannier in, the little like this basket depth of water is about 7cm.The environment of the ovum in little basket is exactly the environment of whole nursery pond.Observe the developmental state of embryo every day, reject once dead ovum every day.
Fertilized egg with a pair same batch of king crab output is put in basket, the bottom gauze seam of basket gets up to ensure not leak sand, and then spread the different sand of particle diameter in basket, husky thickness is 5-6cm, the scope of burying ovum is general long 15cm, wide 10cm in the middle of basket.Rough sand (particle diameter 0.5-4mm), middle rough sand (0.4-2mm), fine sand (0.1-0.2mm) respectively fill 3 baskets, and each basket puts 100 ovum, and every morning to be immersed in nursery pond 2 hours these baskets.Push sand every day aside and check embryonic development situation.
3, data processing method
The data one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) of Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0 processes, and carries out Multiple range test by Duncan method, and setting p < 0.05 is significant difference.
4, results and analysis
4.1 envirment factors are on the impact of Tachypleus tridentatus embryo shell
The temperature floating on ovum in the little basket of the nursery pond water surface and basin is 29-30.5 DEG C; Temperature on the table top being placed on nursery pond in basin is 29-32 DEG C.
4.2 envirment factors slough off the impact of exochorion shortest time to embryo
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 1 to embryo's shell shortest time.
Fig. 1 is visible, and there is remarkable impact (F the shortest time of envirment factor on embryo's shell
(5,12)=524.100, p < 0.05): the shortest time of the embryo's shell in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; Between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the embryonic development of water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, the embryo that the slowest is in fine sand.
4.3 envirment factors slough off the impact of exochorion maximum duration to embryo
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 2 to embryo's shell maximum duration.
As seen from Figure 2, the maximum duration of envirment factor on embryo's shell has remarkable impact (F
(5,12)=281.921, p < 0.05): the maximum duration of the embryo's shell in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, on the bank basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in water, there were significant differences for fine sand group; There is no significant difference between basin in basin and water on the bank, but and rough sand, middle rough sand, there were significant differences between fine sand group.This illustrates, the embryonic development in water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, the embryo that the slowest is in fine sand.
4.4 envirment factors slough off the impact of exochorion average time to embryo
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 3 to embryo's shell average time.
As seen from Figure 3, envirment factor has remarkable impact (F to embryo's shell average time
(5,12)=415.562, p < 0.05): the average time of the embryo's shell in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; Between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the embryonic development of water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, the embryo that the slowest is in fine sand.
4.5 envirment factors are on the impact of embryo's shell rate
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 4 to embryo's shell rate.
Fig. 4 is visible, and envirment factor has remarkable impact (F to embryo's shell rate
(5,12)=610.402, p < 0.05): the embryo's shell rate in water in basket is maximum, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in basin, water on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; In basin, water, between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand group, there were significant differences on the bank; Difference is not had between middle rough sand and fine sand.This illustrates, water surface basket embryo shell rate is maximum, is secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in basin, in water, embryo's shell rate of basin is maximum, is secondly the embryo on the bank in basin; Secondly embryo in sand, rough sand embryo shell rate is maximum, is the embryo in middle rough sand and fine sand.
4.6 envirment factors are on embryo hatching impact
Envirment factor is on the impact of embryo hatching shortest time
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 5 to the embryo hatching shortest time.
As seen from Figure 5, envirment factor has remarkable impact (F to the embryo hatching shortest time
(5,12)=661.518, p < 0.05): the embryo hatching shortest time in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in basin, water on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; In basin, water, between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the embryonic development of water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in basin, in water, the embryonic development of basin is maximum, is secondly the embryo on the bank in basin; Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, and growing the slowest is embryo in fine sand.
4.7 envirment factors are on the impact of embryo hatching maximum duration
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 6 to embryo hatching maximum duration.
As seen from Figure 6, envirment factor has remarkable impact (F to embryo hatching maximum duration
(5,12)=494.881, p < 0.05): the embryo hatching maximum duration in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in basin, water on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; In basin, water, between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the embryonic development of water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in basin, in water, the embryonic development of basin is maximum, is secondly the embryo on the bank in basin; Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, and growing the slowest is embryo in fine sand.
4.8 envirment factors are on the impact of embryo hatching average time
Envirment factor to the statistics of embryo hatching average time as Fig. 7.
As seen from Figure 7, envirment factor is on there being remarkable impact (F embryo hatching average time
(5,12)=889.371, p < 0.05): the embryo hatching average time in water in basket is the shortest, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in basin, water on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; In basin, water, between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the embryonic development of water surface basket is the fastest, and being secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in basin, in water, the embryonic development of basin is maximum, is secondly the embryo on the bank in basin; Embryo in sand, rough sand embryonic development is the fastest, is secondly middle rough sand, and growing the slowest is embryo in fine sand.
4.9 envirment factors are on the impact of embryonic hatching
Envirment factor affects result as Fig. 8 to embryonic hatching.
As seen from Figure 8, envirment factor has remarkable impact (F to embryonic hatching
(5,12)=747.160, p < 0.05): the embryonic hatching in water in basket is maximum, and with basin, rough sand, middle rough sand in basin, water on the bank, there were significant differences for fine sand group; In basin, water, between basin, rough sand, middle rough sand, fine sand group, there were significant differences on the bank.This illustrates, the incubation rate of water surface basket is maximum, is secondly the embryo in basin, is thirdly the embryo in sand.Embryo in basin, in water, the embryonic hatching of basin is maximum, is secondly the embryo on the bank in basin; Embryo in sand, secondly rough sand embryonic hatching is maximum, is middle rough sand, incubation rate be embryo in fine sand.
4.10 envirment factors are on the impact of Tachypleus tridentatus embryo breeding
The brooding time of diverse location on embryo that the basin cultivating Tachypleus tridentatus embryo is put has impact, although basin temperature is on the bank higher than the temperature of basin in water, but its fluctuation is also stronger, be unfavorable for the growth of embryo, this illustrates that Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus is suitable for comparing stationary temperature.
Husky thickness not only affects laying eggs of close king crab and effect of being fertilized, and has certain influence to the embryonic development of fertilized egg.The experiment that husky thickness affects embryonic development and hatching has been done in this experiment, be that the shell of embryo in the rough sand of 0.5-4mm and hatching are all fast than the embryo in the sand of all the other two kinds of particle diameters at the particle diameter of sand, and shell rate and incubation rate also high than other sand of two kinds.
The present invention adopts different environment of hatching to test the impact of each phase embryonic Development Time, to select in husky, water basket three kinds in basin and water to hatch environment, sees that ovum in them is to the time required for each embryonic period, embryonic phase.Although Liang Guangyao (1987) had been this contrast experiment, he does not specifically note the size in grains of sand footpath, the specification of net cage and size and the size in pond.In view of this, invention has been improvement, husky particle diameter, and the concrete specification of basin and the specification of basket all very explicit, last experimental result of the present invention be Tachypleus tridentatus embryo each phase in pond in basket shortest time, hatch the fastest, in water in basin secondly, and the slowest in sand.In testing with Liang Guangyao (1987), in sand, the hatching of fertilized egg is more not identical than the fast result in water.
Applicant analyzes, sandy beach area is in the wild larger, sunshine is also more sufficient, every day, tide bulge and fall dissolved oxygen also can be more sufficient, and the sand of indoor is because be in the little basket of area, indoor sunlight is sufficient not, and soaks every day dissolved oxygen within 2 hours, may be caused not enough, thus make the embryonic development in sand not have in water fast.Fast why than in water of embryonic development in basket, because it is in the nursery pond of 8m × 2m × 1m that basket is placed on specification, dissolved oxygen is more sufficient, and the basin specification size in water body is 36cm × 28cm × 13.5cm, smaller, dissolved oxygen is not enough, so do not have the embryonic development speed in nursery pond in basket fast.
The above, be only best mode for carrying out the invention, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. improve a method for Tachypleus tridentatus artificial breeding speed, it is characterized in that: adopt following technical scheme:
By the fertilized egg that Tachypleus tridentatus post-coitum produces, be placed in basket, basket is positioned over to cultivate in pond again and cultivates, and cultivates pond control water temperature 27.5-31 DEG C, pH value 7.8-8.0, dissolved oxygen 6.3-7.0, illumination 60-3000lx, salinity 32-35 ‰, cultivates pond depth of water 0.5-2.0m.
2. a kind of method improving Tachypleus tridentatus artificial breeding speed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basket is rectangle, is of a size of 45cm × 32cm × 17cm.
3. a kind of method improving Tachypleus tridentatus artificial breeding speed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cultivation pond is of a size of 8m × 2m × 1m.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN107509665A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-26 | 钦州学院 | A kind of method by controlling metrifonate concentration to improve Tachypleus tridentatus larvae survival rate |
| CN111567448A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-08-25 | 广西蓝桂水产科技有限公司 | Method for artificial cultivation of Tachypleus tridentatus |
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Application publication date: 20150729 |