CN104794740A - Method and system for processing OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) signal by using general purpose graphic processing unit - Google Patents
Method and system for processing OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) signal by using general purpose graphic processing unit Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
Abstract
The invention provides a method or processing an OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) signal in an OCT system by using a general purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU). The method comprises the following four steps: (1) acquiring data; (2) transmitting the data; (3) processing the data; and (4) transmitting the data to a graphic display library. When the data are transmitted, OCT original data which are transmitted to an equipment memory at the last time by the general purpose graphic processing unit are subjected to parallel processing; and the processed data are stored into the memory of the graphic display library. By virtue of the method, FD-OCT digital signal processing efficiency can be improved, and real-time processing and displaying of a graphic can be realized; the requirements and cost of digital signal processing equipment are reduced, the transportability of software is improved and the software development cost is reduced; and meanwhile, the method is in seamless combination with a current modern graphic display library so that the flexibility of software display is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medical instruments, in particular to being applied to optical coherence tomography scanning imagery image processing method, provide a kind of simple, efficient, transplantability is high and show data processing method and the system of storehouse (as OpenGL, DirectX) compatibility with popular image.
Background technology
Optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography, be called for short OCT), be widely used in ophthalmic diagnosis field, this technology is based upon on the basis of optics, electronics and computer technology science, it is the novel imaging technique that light harvesting electricity and the multinomial front subject such as high-speed data acquisition and image procossing are integrated, OCT relies on it have the advantage such as high resolving power, high speed imaging and enjoy the concern of people, and starts to be paid attention to and apply with clinical diagnosis field biomedical.
Compared with other imaging modes such as existing CT, ultrasonic, MRI, OCT has high resolution, and compared with traditional laser confocal microscope, the imaging depth of OCT has obvious advantage.The core technology of traditional optical probe mostly adopts fibre bundle to carry out light conduction and carries out imaging, or adopt CCD technology to carry out imaging, in this type of, pry head only can detect the pathology of tissue surface, but the symptom of early-stage cancer occurs in the degree of depth of below epidermis 1-3 millimeter, therefore in traditional optical, pry head just seems unable to do what one wishes.Also have at present and undertaken spying upon head in medical imaging by ultrasonic principle, although can obtain the darker organizational information in below biological tissue top layer, resolution is only a millimeter magnitude, easily causes fail to pinpoint a disease in diagnosis early stage cancer.
Spy OCT technology is born and a flourish OCT branch technique with OCT technology development for nearly ten years, its core objective is under the prerequisite not reducing resolution, OCT optical imaging apparatus is microminiaturized, provides inside of human body internal organs tube chamber high resolving power OCT image.This technology extends the application of OCT technology greatly, makes OCT check object develop into human body viscera by body surface organ or biopsy samples, as blood vessel, alimentary canal and respiratory tract etc.At present at clinicing aspect, OCT endoscopic technique is in inspection atherosclerotic and check that intravascular stent is laid in situation etc. and had preliminary application.
Traditional OCT system is time domain OCT system (TD-OCT), and the sweep velocity of time domain OCT system generally cannot exceed 2000 lines per second, thus limits image taking speed.In recent years, second generation frequency domain OCT (FD-OCT) due to its sweep velocity fast, detection sensitivity advantages of higher, obtains more and more general attention.
In FD-OCT, for obtaining deep image information, need to carry out multistep signal transacting to original signal.And digital resampling wherein and Fourier transform are all digital signal processings that calculated amount is very large.These digital signal processing for the original signal of FD-OCT are typical single-instruction multiple-data stream (SIMD) (SIMD) processing modes, and it is lower to utilize universal cpu to carry out treatment effeciency, cannot realize real time signal processing for high speed OCT system.
In order to carry out real time signal processing for high speed OCT system, usually needing to utilize special digital signal processing chip to realize this function, adopting the shortcoming of the method then to have: 1) hardware cost and cost of development high; 2) portable low and 3) signal after process still needs by bus transfer to image display, thus lowers efficiency, therefore still has the needs of improvement.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the efficiency of FD-OCT digital signal processing, realize real-time process and the display of image, reduce the requirement to digital signal processing appts and cost, and improve the portability of software and reduce software development cost, the invention provides a kind of general image processor that utilizes in OCT, peep in scanning imaging system the method processing OCT signal, the method is simple, efficient, transplantability is high and show storehouse (as OpenGL, DirectX) compatibility with popular image.
One provided by the invention utilizes general image processor (GPGPU) in OCT, peep in scanning imaging system the method processing OCT signal, data acquisition that the method comprises (1); (2) data transmission; (3) data processing; (4) image display four, storehouse step is passed to.
Wherein, (1) data acquisition, the present invention obtains FD-OCT raw data by outside collecting device;
(2) data transmission, the FD-OCT raw data obtained in data collection steps is placed in computer system or embedded system memory, these data are deposited in Installed System Memory in units of frame, after meeting certain condition (one frames as enough in data accumulation or multiframe), these data can be passed through data bus (as PCIExpress) and transfer in the device memory of general image processor; Because bus transfer speed is relatively slow, while transmission data, the OCT raw data that the last time transfers in device memory by general image processor carries out parallel processing.This kind of method has efficient Parallel signal processing ability, can realize Real-time digital signal processing, greatly improve transfer efficiency, save bus resource;
(3) data processing, the digital signal processing of carrying out in general image processor is divided into three steps: a dimension word resampling, one dimension fast fourier transform (FFT) and calculate amplitude normalization.Wherein realize a quick one dimension cubic interpolation to improve the precision of resampling by two sublinear texture lookups in a dimension word resampling steps;
(4) image display storehouse is passed to, the data placement handled well is in the internal memory in image display storehouse, image display storehouse can directly be called, without the need to passing through bus transfer again, greatly improve transfer efficiency, save bus resource, there is efficient Parallel signal processing ability, realize Real-time digital signal processing, portable high, can seamless combination owing to showing storehouse with popular image, also improve the dirigibility (such as: aftertreatment can also be carried out by general image processor to image) of software display, lower hardware and software cost of development can be realized.
Another object of the present invention is to provide in a kind of OCT and peeps scanning imaging system, comprise sweeping laser module, intervention module, detector module, data acquisition module, data processing module, image display, topworks, foley's tube, OCT miniature probe and inflation/deflation equipment, and a kind of method utilizing general image processor process OCT signal is provided.Wherein:
Described sweeping laser module comprises high speed frequency swept laser, fibre optic isolater and fiber coupler, the optical signalling exported and subsequent optical path is isolated from frequency swept laser, and the optical signalling interference laser preventing subsequent optical path from returning normally works; Described intervention module can adopt optical fiber type Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer (MZI) or optical fiber type Michelson (Michelson) interferometer structure.Wherein Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer structure is primarily of two fiber couplers, two optical fiber circulators and two optical fiber polarization controller compositions, wherein first fiber coupler generally adopts asymmetric fiber coupler, by most of Laser output to the miniature probe of sample arm; In reference arm and sample arm, all place an optical fiber circulator reflect or back scattered optical signalling from two arms to collect; Second fiber coupler can adopt symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler (namely splitting ratio is 50/50) to produce optical interference signal and to reduce DC common-mode signal, optical fiber polarization controller is placed symmetrically in reference arm and sample arm, for adjusting the polarization state of two arms to obtain best optical interference signal.Michelson interferometer structure is then made up of symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator and two optical Polarized Beam Controller, first sweeping laser is entering fiber coupler after optical fiber circulator, interference signal is being produced through same fiber coupler from reference arm and sample arm reflection or back scattered optical signalling, optical fiber polarization controller is placed symmetrically in reference arm and sample arm, for adjusting the polarization state of two arms to obtain best optical interference signal.The advantage of Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer (MZI) is that structural symmetry, dispersion management are simple, detection sensitivity is high.The advantage of Michelson (Michelson) interferometer is that structure is simple and can not introduces polarization modal dispersion (PMD), both something in commons are that the optical path difference in the middle of two arms determines the free spectral range (FSR) that optical clock occurs, and also finally determine the maximum imaging depth of OCT image; Detector module can adopt adjustment of balance photodetector, is mainly used in converting the interferometric optical signal exported from intervention module to electrical signal; Described data acquisition module is high speed analog-digital conversion capture card, is mainly used in converting simulation electrical signal to digital electrical signal, and digital signal is supplied to data processing module and carries out digital signal processing; Described data processing module is the chip (as CPU, GPGPU, DSP, FPGA etc.) with digital signal processing capability, is mainly used in processing original signal and being converted into final picture signal; Described image display is mainly used in display image signals and is responsible for aftertreatment and the surveying work of image; Described topworks is made up of fiber rotation connector, motor and motorized precision translation stage, electric rotating machine in topworks drives OCT miniature probe to carry out rotation sweep, motorized precision translation stage drives topworks to move toward a direction simultaneously, at this moment the rotation sweep data got and translation stage Mobile data are rebuild by software, namely produce 3D rendering; Described OCT miniature probe is mainly used in entering inside of human body internal organs to transmit sweeping laser and the optical signalling of collection backscattering from biological tissue; Described foley's tube, for expanding inside of human body internal organs pipeline, is eliminated gauffer and OCT miniature probe is stable at balloon center; Described inflation/deflation equipment is mainly used in expansion of balloon catheter.
Preferably, described OCT miniature probe comprises single-mode fiber, is enclosed within bourdon tube; Lens subassembly, make to be gathered in predetermined operating distance place by the light of spread fiber, described lens subassembly comprises glass bar and GRIN Lens, can be changed the operating distance of OCT miniature probe by the gummed distance changing glass bar and single-mode fiber; By the gummed of GRIN Lens and glass bar, increase the clear aperature of GRIN Lens, and then improve numerical aperture and the lateral resolution of OCT probe.Described OCT miniature probe also can comprise catoptron, support stainless-steel tube and fluting stainless-steel tube, and these optical element end face optical glue are glued together.
Wherein, described single-mode fiber one end is with sonet standard joint; this joint can be connected with the fiber spinning end of OCT system; described single-mode fiber is enclosed within bourdon tube and (is covered with PTFE film); bourdon tube can available protecting single-mode fiber; reduce resistance when probe rotates; make described OCT miniature probe entire scan more steady and smooth; described sonet standard joint is with support stainless-steel tube; this stainless-steel tube plays a supportive role when OCT miniature probe scans, more steady when making whole probe rotation sweep.The other end of described single-mode fiber is inclined-plane, also be that glass bar one end end face on inclined-plane glues together with same, the inclination of cemented surface effectively reduces the interference of reflected light to flashlight, can change the operating distance of OCT miniature probe to reach required expection operating distance by the gummed distance changing glass bar and single-mode fiber.The other end of described glass bar and described GRIN Lens are packaged in after gluing together with 0 ° of angle end face slots in stainless-steel tube, the use of glass bar not only increases the operating distance of miniature probe, and increase the numerical aperture of miniature probe, and the increase of numerical aperture also causes the raising of lateral resolution, this design simultaneously has also shortened the length of GRIN Lens greatly, ensure that the curved property of the mistake of miniature probe, make whole miniature probe can directly enter human body esophagus by endoscopic forceps channel together with conduit.Described GRIN Lens and described glass bar glue together, the face that wherein GRIN Lens contacts with air is coated with anti-reflection film, the reflection of light between optical surface can be reduced and increase light transmission, thus reduce because the reflected light of optical surface is on the impact of flashlight, improve the sensitivity of OCT miniature probe.The angle on the gummed inclined-plane of described single-mode fiber and glass bar is 4 °-12 °.The reflecting surface of described catoptron is packaged in stainless-steel tube towards stainless-steel tube otch, in order to reduce the astigmatism of light source by cylindrical interior pipe to the impact of imaging, catoptron herein can design cylindrical mirror according to the cylindrical internal-and external diameter of interior pipe and the refractive index of inner tube material, the astigmatism impact of pipe in offsetting, correct the shape of hot spot, reach the object improving image quality.
Preferably, described foley's tube comprises: handle, and an interface of described handle is host interface, and another interface is ventilation interface; Double lumen tube, described double lumen tube can allow OCT optic probe to pass through; Sacculus, the front end shutoff of described sacculus and sacculus has scale; Interior pipe, the concentricity of described interior pipe and described sacculus departs from and is no more than 200 microns under 3 atmospheric pressure; Soft head, described soft head is solid construction, and wherein, described double lumen tube one end is connected with described handle, and the other end is connected with described interior pipe and described sacculus, and described sacculus is connected with described soft head with the described interior pipe other end.
Traditional foley's tube needs seal wire to support and guiding, and seal wire diameter is generally 0.018in, 0.035in, 0.014in, 0.038in, and foley's tube of the present invention can by the OCT optics miniature probe of 0.055in.Described sacculus there is ink printing scale, line thickness≤0.1mm, the direction of scanning probe can be distinguished, the scanning that both can not affect normal picture judges also to tell scanning position on a display screen simultaneously, described sacculus front end shutoff, prevent from body fluid from entering to impact optical scanning, adopt flexible material again simultaneously, patient's esophagus can not be scratched.The use pressure of sacculus is 3 atmospheric pressure, can not damage normal esophageal at low pressures, simultaneously the heat setting process of sacculus and welding technology can ensure that the concentricity of pipe and sacculus under 3 atmospheric pressure in departs from and be no more than 200 microns, are convenient to optical imagery.Described soft head is solid construction, can prevent body fluid from entering.Described double lumen tube is connected with described handle by UV viscose glue, and other each parts all adopt welding technology to connect.Described inner tube length is according to the length fixed length of described sacculus, and it is shorter in length than described sacculus, when described sacculus welds with described soft head, certain distance is pushed away by under described sacculus, make it concordant with interior pipe and fixing after weld, make sacculus when full, have one to extend surplus, thus mate the stretching of interior pipe and keep with one heart.Because interior Guan Taihou can affect the sharpness of scan image, too thin, can affect rotation and the concentricity of probe, therefore described interior pipe is the design of OCT miniature probe specially, and inner tube diameter is 1.4mm, and external diameter is 1.65mm.In addition, in the present invention, handle material can adopt polycarbonate, and double lumen tube and soft head material can adopt block polyetheramides, and sacculus and inner tube material can adopt nylon and polymer-modified.
Preferably, automatic inflatable/air equipment is applied in described OCT and peeps scanning imaging system, namely comprise sweeping laser module, intervention module, detector module, data acquisition module, data processing module, image display, topworks, foley's tube, OCT miniature probe and inflation/deflation equipment, described inflation/deflation equipment comprises for automatic inflatable/air equipment described in automatic inflatable/air equipment: control and display module, air pump, inflation/deflation solenoid valve, pressure transducer, explosion-proof pressure sensor, mechanical pressure switches.Described automatic inflatable/air equipment achieves automatic inflating and air-breathing; and there is the function setting different pneumatic parameter; can carry out inflation/deflation to the sacculus of different size, equipment is stopping inflation after reaching the atmospheric pressure value of setting in inflated process, and has over-voltage protecting function.Its attainable effect is: first, eliminates the operation of doctor to the manual inflation/deflation of sacculus, shortens the time of doctor's inflation/deflation, and improve security, avoids the risk that sacculus overcharges blast; Secondly, accurate air pressure controls the shape coincidence after making inflated and is guaranteed, due to the shape sensitive of the scanned object that optical imagery is propped up for sacculus, this is just carried out the repeatability of Multiple-Scan better to same by sweep object, and doctor can compare for the view data after scanning; Again, when emergency condition process, while can realizing automatic deflation, doctor does other operation.
Preferably, peep scanning imaging system in described OCT and comprise the optical clock module be made up of described intervention module, described detector module and optical clock conversion circuit module, wherein, interferometer module can adopt all-fiber formula Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI) structure, form primarily of two fiber couplers, wherein second coupling mechanism is symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler, first two-way light is punished at the first fiber coupler, this two-way light, respectively through the first optical fiber of two sections of fixed light path differences and the second optical fiber, interferes at the second fiber coupler place.Detector module can adopt adjustment of balance photodetector, is mainly used in converting the interferometric optical signal exported from intervention module to electrical signal.After being converted to electrical signal from the optical interference signal of MZI generation by a balance photodetector, through optical clock conversion circuit module, to be namely converted to through wideband 90-degree phase shifter, zero-crossing comparator, XOR gate or door and optical clock signal output module successively on frequency domain evenly, at the optical clock signal of time domain up-conversion rate.Wherein, wideband 90-degree phase shifter is mainly used in the phase shifts 90 degree of MZI electrical signal, zero-crossing comparator is mainly used in the MZI electrical signal after to original MZI electrical signal and phase shift and carries out Zero-cross comparator to be converted to digital signal, and the zero point of MZI signal is uniformly distributed on frequency domain, rising edge or the negative edge of the digital signal therefore produced after Zero-cross comparator are also uniformly distributed on frequency domain, XOR gate is mainly used in two dagital clock signals to merge, in a free spectral range (FSR), two clock signals are produced to obtain, add the maximum imaging depth of OCT not increasing under FSR prerequisite like this, decrease the shake (jitter) produced by optical signalling.And between two adjacent scanning, always there are some free times due to frequency swept laser, optical clock signal also needs by one or inserts the clock signal of some vacations to ensure that high speed analog-digital conversion capture card can normally work in blank space, or door achieves the function merged with false clock signal by true optical clock signal, optical clock signal output module is mainly used in the true optical clock signal after by merging and is transported to data acquisition module with false clock signal.Described optical clock module is used by peeping in OCT in scanning imaging system, the requirement to data Collection & Processing System can be reduced, and reduce the collection of redundant information, alleviate the burden of storage system, thus improve the integrated level of whole OCT system, and then reduce system cost, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of picture signal can also be improved, reduce detection sensitivity decay, thus improve the sharpness of image.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is FD-OCT signal transacting step schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that GPGPU data of the present invention transmission, with signal transacting is parallel, schematic diagram occurs;
Fig. 3 is that of the present invention utilization in the OCT of general image processor process OCT signal peeps scanning imaging system schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is OCT miniature probe of the present invention component diagram in kind;
Fig. 5 is OCT miniature probe key position amplification profile of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is balloon catheter structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is automatic inflatable/air device structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is automatic inflatable/air equipment workflow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is optical clock module diagram of the present invention;
Figure 10 is optical clock signal generating process schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 peeps scanning imaging system schematic diagram in the OCT with optical clock module of the present invention;
Figure 12 is whole implementation structural drawing of the present invention;
Figure 13 is OCT miniature probe operating distance of the present invention, gummed distance and lateral resolution curve relation figure;
Figure 14 is healthy animal oesophagus scintigram of the present invention;
Figure 15 is healthy animal oesophagus scintigram partial enlarged drawing of the present invention;
Figure 16 is healthy animal oesophagus 3D rendering of the present invention.
drawing reference numeral explanation
1, single-mode fiber, 2, bourdon tube, 3, glass bar, 4, GRIN Lens, 5, catoptron, 6, fluting stainless-steel tube, 7, support stainless-steel tube, 8, soft head, 9, interior pipe, 10, sacculus, 11, double lumen tube, 12, handle, 13, ventilation interface, 14, host interface,
81, squamous epithelial layer (SE), 82, lamina propria (LP), 83, muscularis mucosae (MM), 84, submucosa (SM), 85, intrinsic basic unit (MP),
91, after wideband 90-degree phase shifter, there is the MZI electrical signal of 90 degree of phase shifts, 92, there is not the MZI electrical signal of phase shifts, 93, signal 91 carries out the digital signal after Zero-cross comparator, 94, signal 92 carries out the digital signal after Zero-cross comparator, 95, false clock signal, 96, the signal of digital signal 93 and 94 after XOR gate merges
101, air pump, 102, inflation solenoid valve, 103, pressure transducer, 104, throttling valve, 105, pressure transducer, 106, explosion-proof pressure sensor, 107, suction solenoid valve, 108, mechanical pressure switches.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is never limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the scheme of general image processor process OCT signal that utilizes of the present invention comprises (1) data acquisition be connected successively; (2) data transmission; (3) data processing and (4) are passed to the several step in image display storehouse.
Wherein when data are transmitted because bus transfer speed is relatively slow, transmission data while, the OCT raw data that the last time transfers in device memory by general image processor carries out parallel processing, and its parallel transmission and processing procedure are as shown in Figure 2; The process of data processing is divided into three steps: a dimension word resampling, one dimension fast fourier transform (FFT) and calculate amplitude normalization, wherein, a quick one dimension cubic interpolation is realized to improve the precision of resampling by two sublinear texture lookups in a dimension word resampling steps.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of scheme of general image processor process OCT signal that utilizes comprises (1) data acquisition be connected successively; (2) data transmission; (3) data processing and (4) are passed to the several step in image display storehouse.
Wherein, (1) data acquisition, the present invention obtains FD-OCT raw data by outside collecting device;
(2) data transmission, the FD-OCT raw data obtained in data collection steps is placed in computer system or embedded system memory, these data are deposited in Installed System Memory in units of frame, after meeting certain condition (one frames as enough in data accumulation or multiframe), these data can be passed through data bus (as PCIExpress) and transfer in the device memory of general image processor (GPGPU); Because bus transfer speed is relatively slow, while transmission data, the OCT raw data that the last time transfers in device memory by general image processor carries out parallel processing.
Such as: as shown in Figure 2, while the raw data of the n-th frame is transferred to general image processor device internal memory, the raw data of the (n-1)th frame is carried out digital signal processing simultaneously in general image processor, and frame synchronization is carried out after data transmission and process terminate, namely no matter be that data are transmitted or the reef knot Shu Houzai completed after wait is carried out the operation of next frame by the side that data processing completes, effectively can be improved the data processing speed of general image processor by this parallel signal transmission/transaction module.
(3) data processing, as shown in Figure 1, the digital signal processing of carrying out in general image processor is divided into three steps: a dimension word resampling, one dimension fast fourier transform (FFT) and calculate amplitude normalization.Wherein digital resampling can pass through the built-in texture lookups functional realiey of image processor (GPU), the built-in texture lookups function of image processor can realize two-dimensional linear interpolation automatically to interpolation, and the texture lookups module of image processor has special hardware optimization to interpolation, faster relative to general general image processor interpolation speed, particularly for the non-equidistant interpolation in OCT signal transacting; By accurately arranging a dimension search a little, can by the built-in texture lookups functional realiey one-dimensional linear interpolation of image processor.On this basis, a quick one dimension cubic interpolation is realized by two sublinear texture lookups, thus to improve the precision of resampling, because texture lookups module has carried out special optimization to non-equidistant interpolation, this method implements on general image processor than direct cubic interpolation that calculated amount is less, counting yield is higher; FFT can be realized by the numerical evaluation storehouse (cuFFT storehouse or OpenCL FFT storehouse as nVidia) of common commercialization based on image processor; Calculating amplitude normalization then can realize by oneself writing image processor program, and the CUDA storehouse that nVidia such as can be used to provide realizes the quick traversal of 2-D data to write corresponding kernel function (kernelfunction) to realize amplitude and normalization calculates.
(4) image display storehouse is passed to, the data placement handled well is in the internal memory in image display storehouse, image display storehouse can directly be called, without the need to passing through bus transfer again, greatly improve transfer efficiency, save bus resource, there is efficient Parallel signal processing ability, realize Real-time digital signal processing, portable high, can seamless combination owing to showing storehouse with popular image, also improve the dirigibility (such as: aftertreatment can also be carried out by general image processor to image) of software display, lower hardware and software cost of development can be realized.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, scanning imaging system is peeped in a kind of OCT, comprise sweeping laser module, intervention module, detector module, data acquisition module, data processing module, image display, topworks, foley's tube, OCT miniature probe and inflation/deflation equipment, wherein: peeping in scanning imaging system the method processing OCT signal in OCT is method described in embodiment 1, wherein:
Described sweeping laser module comprises high speed frequency swept laser, fibre optic isolater and fiber coupler, the optical signalling exported and subsequent optical path is isolated from frequency swept laser, and the optical signalling interference laser preventing subsequent optical path from returning normally works; Described intervention module can adopt optical fiber type Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer (MZI) or optical fiber type Michelson (Michelson) interferometer structure.Wherein Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer structure is primarily of two fiber couplers, two optical fiber circulators and two optical fiber polarization controller compositions, wherein first fiber coupler generally adopts asymmetric fiber coupler, by most of Laser output to the miniature probe of sample arm; In reference arm and sample arm, all place an optical fiber circulator reflect or back scattered optical signalling from two arms to collect; Second fiber coupler can adopt symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler (namely splitting ratio is 50/50) to produce optical interference signal and to reduce DC common-mode signal, optical fiber polarization controller is placed symmetrically in reference arm and sample arm, for adjusting the polarization state of two arms to obtain best optical interference signal.Michelson interferometer structure is then made up of symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler, an optical fiber circulator and two optical Polarized Beam Controller, first sweeping laser is entering fiber coupler after optical fiber circulator, interference signal is being produced through same fiber coupler from reference arm and sample arm reflection or back scattered optical signalling, optical fiber polarization controller is placed symmetrically in reference arm and sample arm, for adjusting the polarization state of two arms to obtain best optical interference signal.The advantage of Mach-Zeng Deer interferometer (MZI) is that structural symmetry, dispersion management are simple, detection sensitivity is high.The advantage of Michelson (Michelson) interferometer is that structure is simple and can not introduces polarization modal dispersion (PMD), both something in commons are that the optical path difference in the middle of two arms determines the free spectral range (FSR) that optical clock occurs, and also finally determine the maximum imaging depth of OCT image; Detector module can adopt adjustment of balance photodetector, is mainly used in converting the interferometric optical signal exported from intervention module to electrical signal; Described data acquisition module is high speed analog-digital conversion capture card, is mainly used in converting simulation electrical signal to digital electrical signal, and digital signal is supplied to data processing module and carries out digital signal processing; Described data processing module is the chip (as CPU, GPGPU, DSP, FPGA etc.) with digital signal processing capability, is mainly used in processing original signal and being converted into final picture signal; Described image display is mainly used in display image signals and is responsible for aftertreatment and the surveying work of image; Described topworks is made up of fiber rotation connector, motor and motorized precision translation stage, is mainly used in driving the scanning of OCT miniature probe mechanical spiral to obtain OCT image; Described OCT miniature probe is mainly used in entering inside of human body internal organs to transmit sweeping laser and the optical signalling of collection backscattering from biological tissue; Described foley's tube, for expanding inside of human body internal organs pipeline, is eliminated gauffer and OCT miniature probe is stable at balloon center; Described inflation/deflation equipment is mainly used in expansion of balloon catheter.
Embodiment 3
Scanning imaging system is peeped in a kind of OCT, similar to embodiment 2, difference be described OCT miniature probe as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5: single-mode fiber 1 is enclosed within bourdon tube 2, and bourdon tube 2, while the optical fiber of available protecting fragility, reduces resistance when probe rotates; Glass bar 3 one end and GRIN Lens 4 zero degree edged surface glue together, the other end and single-mode fiber 1 tilt to combine, the operating distance of OCT probe can be changed by the gummed distance changing glass bar 3 and single-mode fiber 1 two end faces to reach the operating distance required by expection, and then improve numerical aperture and the lateral resolution of OCT probe; Catoptron 5 is cylindrical mirror and is packaged in fluting stainless-steel tube 6, and the reflecting surface of catoptron 5, towards the otch of fluting stainless-steel tube 6, can reduce the astigmatism of light source by cylindrical interior pipe to the impact of imaging.
As Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, peep the OCT miniature probe of scanning imaging system in a kind of OCT, comprise single-mode fiber 1, bourdon tube 2, glass bar 3, GRIN Lens 4, catoptron 5, fluting stainless-steel tube 6 and support stainless-steel tube 7, these optical element end face optical glue are glued together.Specifically, catoptron 5 is loaded in fluting stainless-steel tube 6, be then placed in frock and put A/B glue, then put UV glue under the microscope, glass bar 3 and GRIN Lens 4 are assembled; Penetrated in bourdon tube 2 by optical fiber 1, then the glass bar 3 assembled and GRIN Lens 4, optical fiber 1 and bourdon tube 2 are used a UV glue assembling, finally put into by the bourdon tube assembly after assembling in fluting stainless-steel tube 6, edge voids place uses A/B glue to fill up.
Single-mode fiber 1 outer cover has stainless steel spring pipe 2 (being covered with PTFE film), while the optical fiber of available protecting fragility, reduces resistance when probe rotates, makes miniature probe scan more steady and smooth.Supporting the Main Function of stainless-steel tube 7 is play a supportive role when OCT probe scans, and more steady when making whole probe rotation sweep, the notch of fluting stainless-steel tube 6 can make light beam be irradiated on sample by this notch.
Anti-reflection film can reduce the reflection of light between optical surface and increase light transmission, thus reduce because the reflected light of optical surface is on the impact of flashlight, therefore, in the present embodiment, the face that GRIN Lens 4 contacts with air is coated with anti-reflection film, glass bar 3 and GRIN Lens 4 zero angle end face glue together simultaneously, improve sensitivity and the resolution of miniature probe.The other end of glass bar 3 and the cemented surface of single-mode fiber 1 have certain angle of inclination, in the present embodiment, the angle of inclination of cemented surface can be 8 ° herein, the inclination of cemented surface effectively reduces the interference of reflected light to flashlight, generally, the operating distance of OCT probe can be changed by the gummed distance changing these two end faces to reach the operating distance required by expection.Because 45° angle installs catoptron 5, make incident ray vertical with reflection ray thus cause light to disturb, in the present embodiment, 40 ° of corner reflectors 5 are installed in miniature probe front end, catoptron 5 to be packaged in fluting stainless-steel tube 6 and its reflecting surface towards the otch of fluting stainless-steel tube 6, simultaneously in order to reduce the astigmatism of light source by cylindrical interior pipe to the impact of imaging, in the present embodiment, catoptron herein designs cylindrical mirror according to the cylindrical internal-and external diameter of interior pipe and the refractive index of inner tube material.
Embodiment 4
Peep scanning imaging system in a kind of OCT, similar to embodiment 2 or 3, difference be described foley's tube as shown in Figure 6, comprise handle 12, an interface of handle 12 is host interface 14, and another interface is ventilation interface 13; Double lumen tube 11, can allow OCT optic probe to pass through; Sacculus 10, the front end shutoff of sacculus 10 and sacculus has scale; Interior pipe 9, interior pipe 9 departs from the concentricity of sacculus 10 and is no more than 200 microns under 3 atmospheric pressure; Soft 8 is solid construction, wherein, double lumen tube 11 one end is connected with handle 12, and the other end is connected with interior pipe 9 and sacculus 10, and sacculus 10 is connected with soft 8 with interior pipe 9 other end, double lumen tube 11 is connected with handle 12 by UV viscose glue, and other each several parts are all connected by the mode of welding.
Handle 12 material is polycarbonate, and double lumen tube 11 and soft 8 materials are block polyetheramides, and sacculus 10 and interior pipe 9 material are nylon and polymer-modified.
Sacculus 10 has ink printing scale, line thickness≤0.1mm, can distinguish the direction of scanning probe, the scanning that both can not affect normal picture judges also to tell scanning position on a display screen simultaneously.Double lumen tube 11 is printed on scale, and therefore, doctor can judge the position scanned.
Traditional foley's tube needs seal wire to support and guiding, and seal wire diameter is generally 0.018in, 0.035in, 0.014in, 0.038in, and in the present embodiment, the double lumen tube 11 of OCT foley's tube can by 0.055inOCT optic probe.Because interior Guan Taihou can affect the sharpness of scan image, too thin, can affect rotation and the concentricity of probe, in the present embodiment, pipe 9 internal diameter is 1.4mm, and external diameter is 1.65mm, is OCT probe designs specially.Described inner tube length is according to the length fixed length of described sacculus, and it is shorter in length than described sacculus, when described sacculus welds with described soft head, certain distance is pushed away by under described sacculus, make it concordant with interior pipe and fixing after weld, make sacculus when full, have one to extend surplus, thus mate the stretching of interior pipe and keep with one heart.
Embodiment 5
Scanning imaging system is peeped in a kind of OCT, to embodiment 2,3 or 4 similar, difference is described inflation/deflation equipment is automatic inflatable/air equipment, as shown in Figure 7, described automatic inflatable/air equipment comprises: power unit, control and display section and air pump and control system part thereof, described air pump and control system part thereof comprise: air pump, inflation/deflation solenoid valve, throttling valve, pressure transducer, explosion-proof pressure sensor, mechanical pressure switches.As shown in Figure 8, the use procedure of described automatic inflatable/air equipment comprises:
1) gas replenishment process: first user sets the parameters such as sacculus 10 air pressure, inflationtime, send inflation order, control system reads the data of pressure transducer 103,105, if be less than the air pressure of user's setting, then booster air pump 101, open inflation solenoid valve 102, throttling valve 104, the value of feedback of pressure transducer 103,105 is read in real time in gas replenishment process, until be charged to the atmospheric pressure value of setting, close air pump 101, close throttling valve 104, inflation solenoid valve 102;
2) deflation course: first user sets the parameters such as sacculus 10 air pressure, deflation time, control system reads the data of pressure transducer 105, if be greater than the air pressure of user's setting, then booster air pump 101, open suction solenoid valve 107, throttling valve 104, read the value of feedback of pressure transducer 105 in deflation course in real time, until be drawn onto the atmospheric pressure value of setting, holding one's breath 101 pumps in pass, closes throttling valve 104, suction solenoid valve 107.
In inflation/deflation process, system is monitored the value of feedback of explosion-proof pressure sensor 106 in real time, if exceed user's air pressure upper limit set value, then carries out software program protection immediately, closes air pump 101, and reports to the police; Mechanical pressure switches 108 is hardware protection, and as exceeded setting value, then switch opens, pressure release is protected.
Embodiment 6
As shown in Figure 9, a kind ofly in OCT, peep the optical clock module used in scanning imaging system, it comprises intervention module, detector module and optical clock conversion circuit module, and described optical clock conversion circuit module comprises circuit and the optical clock signal output module of wideband 90-degree phase shifter, zero-crossing comparator and XOR gate or door composition.Wherein, intervention module adopts all-fiber formula Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI) structure, form primarily of two fiber couplers, wherein second coupling mechanism is symmetrical expression 2 × 2 fiber coupler, first two-way light is punished at the first fiber coupler, this two-way light, respectively through the first optical fiber of two sections of fixed light path differences and the second optical fiber, interferes at the second fiber coupler place.Detector module is made up of adjustment of balance photodetector, is mainly used in converting the interferometric optical signal exported from intervention module to electrical signal.A MZI electrical signal part after detector module conversion is transferred to wideband 90-degree phase shifter, another part is transferred to zero-crossing comparator, the phase shifts of 90 degree that the electrical signal being transferred to wideband 90-degree phase shifter occurs, zero-crossing comparator is mainly used in carrying out Zero-cross comparator to be converted to digital signal to generation phase shifts and signal that phase shifts do not occur.XOR gate is mainly used in two dagital clock signals to merge, in a free spectral range (FSR), two clock signals are produced to obtain, add the maximum imaging depth of OCT not increasing under FSR prerequisite like this, decrease the shake (jitter) that optical signalling produces.Because frequency swept laser always exists some free times between two adjacent scanning, optical clock signal also needs by one or inserts the clock signal of some vacations to ensure that high speed analog-digital conversion capture card can normally work in blank space, or door achieves the function merged with false clock signal by true optical clock signal.Optical clock signal output module is mainly used in the true optical clock signal after by merging and is transported to data acquisition module with false clock signal.
As shown in Figure 10, 91 is the MZI electrical signal that 90 degree of phase shifts occur after wideband 90-degree phase shifter, 92 for there is not the MZI electrical signal of phase shifts, 93 carry out the digital signal after Zero-cross comparator for there is the MZI signal 91 of phase shifts, 94 carry out the digital signal after Zero-cross comparator for the MZI signal 92 that phase shifts do not occur, because the zero point of MZI signal is uniformly distributed on frequency domain, rising edge or the negative edge of the digital signal therefore produced after Zero-cross comparator are also uniformly distributed on frequency domain, 96 is the signal of digital signal 93 and 94 after XOR gate merges that frequency domain is evenly distributed, 95 is false clock signal, 95 and 96 form the optical clock signal after warp or door merging jointly.
As shown in figure 11, peep scanning imaging system in a kind of OCT, similar to embodiment 2-5, difference comprises sweeping laser module, optical clock module, data acquisition module, data processing module, image display, topworks, OCT miniature probe and foley's tube and inflation/deflation equipment, wherein: described optical clock module as shown in Figure 9, comprises intervention module, detector module and optical clock conversion circuit module, described optical clock conversion circuit module comprises wideband 90-degree phase shifter, zero-crossing comparator and XOR gate, or door composition circuit and optical clock signal output module, from MZI produce optical interference signal be converted to electrical signal by a balance photodetector after, through one by wideband 90-degree phase shifter, the circuit of zero-crossing comparator and XOR gate composition and to be converted on frequency domain evenly, at the optical clock signal of time domain up-conversion rate, or the true optical clock signal of goalkeeper merges the normal work with high speed analog-digital conversion capture card with false clock signal.
Described sweeping laser module includes high speed frequency swept laser, fibre optic isolater and fiber coupler, the optical signalling exported from frequency swept laser and subsequent optical path are isolated, the optical signalling interference laser preventing subsequent optical path from returning normally works, and the output of sub-fraction sweeping laser is separated to optical clock module, most of laser continues to export; Described optical clock module comprises intervention module, detector module and optical clock conversion circuit module, to be mainly used in obtaining on frequency domain evenly, at the optical clock signal of time domain up-conversion rate; Described data acquisition module can adopt high speed analog-digital conversion capture card, and the optical clock signal mainly exported with optical clock module gathers original image signal for benchmark, and is supplied to data processing module and processes; Described data processing module is the chip (as CPU, GPGPU, DSP, FPGA etc.) with digital signal processing capability, is mainly used in processing original signal and being converted into final picture signal; Described image display is mainly used in display image signals and is responsible for aftertreatment and the surveying work of image; Described topworks is made up of fiber rotation connector, motor and motorized precision translation stage, is mainly used in driving the scanning of OCT miniature probe mechanical spiral to obtain OCT image; Described OCT miniature probe is mainly used in entering inside of human body internal organs to transmit sweeping laser and the optical signalling of collection backscattering from biological tissue; Described foley's tube, for expanding inside of human body internal organs pipeline, is eliminated gauffer and OCT miniature probe is stable at balloon center; Described inflation/deflation equipment is mainly used in expansion of balloon catheter.
Embodiment 7
As shown in figure 12, a kind of miniature probe carrying out OCT image scanning for human body oesophagus, miniature probe is inserted until in sacculus pipe 9 from balloon proximal handle guidewire lumen, sacculus handle ventilation interface 13 is connected to automatic inflation pump (not shown), nominal pressure is inflated to by sacculus 10, so that extended by esophagus, described sacculus 10 and interior pipe 9 are all that optically transparent material is made, and have fabulous light transmission.The effect of sacculus 10 is that expansion esophagus is to reduce esophagus wrinkle and to be fixed within its operating distance scope by OCT miniature probe.The radius that sacculus 10 is expanded is greatly between 8-10mm, and this is also the radius after esophagus launches completely, and therefore, a relatively large operating distance (greatly about 8-10mm) is the characteristic that OCT miniature probe must have.
Glass bar 3 is devised especially in the present embodiment, mention in aforementioned that the gummed distance changing glass bar 3 and single-mode fiber 1 can change the operating distance of miniature probe, this routine miniature probe is used for human body esophagus, operating distance, greatly about 8-10mm, should be less than 0.3mm by the gummed distance on calculating and tested glass rod 3 and single-mode fiber 1 two sides.The design ap-plication of glass bar 3 not only makes OCT miniature probe can be operated within the scope of longer operating distance, can also change numerical aperture and the lateral resolution of miniature probe.
The clear aperature relation of numerical aperture and optical element is as follows:
Wherein, D is the clear aperature of optical element, W.D is operating distance, N.A is numerical aperture, and when operating distance W.D. mono-timing, numerical aperture is directly proportional to the clear aperature (D) of optical element, due to the defect of the processing technology of GRIN Lens own, clear aperature can only reach about 80% of its diameter, and leading portion plays the effect of expanding after adding glass bar, namely increases clear aperature.
The relation of resolution and numerical aperture is as follows:
Wherein, λ is lambda1-wavelength is definite value, and lateral resolution △ X is proportional to numerical aperture (N.A), and namely numerical aperture is larger, lateral resolution higher (numerical value is less).
In summary, the use of glass bar 3 not only increases the operating distance of miniature probe, and increase the numerical aperture of miniature probe, and the increase of numerical aperture also causes the raising of lateral resolution, this design simultaneously, also shortened the length of GRIN Lens greatly, ensure that the curved property of the mistake of miniature probe, whole like this miniature probe still can directly enter human body esophagus by endoscopic forceps channel together with foley's tube.This design effectively, make the lateral resolution of probe be about 10-30 micron, operating distance can reach 8-10 millimeter, and the relation of the lateral resolution of operating distance and miniature probe is as Figure 13.The diameter of whole miniature probe is less than 1.5 millimeters, and as adopted diameter 1.0 millimeters of GRIN Lens, the diameter of whole miniature probe is less than 1.3 millimeters; As adopted diameter 0.7 millimeter of GRIN Lens, the diameter of whole miniature probe is less than 1.0 millimeters; As adopted diameter 0.5 millimeter of GRIN Lens, the diameter of whole miniature probe is less than 0.7 millimeter.
Figure 14 is the one section of healthy animal oesophagus image obtained by OCT foley's tube endoscope, and picture size is 1200 transversal scanning number × 4096 longitudinal scannings, and sweep speed is 0.2cm/3s, and scale is 1mm.Figure 15 is the partial enlarged drawing of Figure 14 healthy animal oesophagus image, recognizable layer comprises, and 81: squamous epithelial layer (SE), 82: lamina propria (LP), 83: muscularis mucosae (MM), 84: submucosa (SM) and 85: intrinsic basic unit (MP).Scan-data, for carry out luminal surface and depth scan by peeping scanning imaging system in OCT, is then carried out the healthy animal oesophagus 3D rendering of software rebuild generation by Figure 16.
Be only the preferred implementation of the application described in upper, those skilled in the art understood or realizes the invention of the application.For these embodiments multiple amendment and combination will be apparent for a person skilled in the art, General Principle as defined herein when not departing from the spirit or scope of the application, can realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the application can not be limited in these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (6)
1. utilize general image processor in OCT system, process a method for OCT signal, the method comprises a, data acquisition; B, data are transmitted; C, data processing; With d, be passed to image display four, storehouse step, it is characterized in that, while transmission data, by general image processor by the last time OCT raw data transferred in device memory carry out parallel processing, and by the data placement handled well in the internal memory in image display storehouse.
2. the method utilizing general image processor to process OCT signal in OCT system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, data processing comprises the following steps:
C1, a dimension word resampling;
C2, one dimension fast fourier transform;
C3, calculate amplitude normalization.
3. the method utilizing general image processor to process OCT signal in OCT system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in a dimension word resampling steps, realize a quick one dimension cubic interpolation to improve the precision of resampling by two sublinear texture lookups.
4. peep scanning imaging system in an OCT, described OCT system comprises sweeping laser module, intervention module, detector module, data acquisition module, data processing module, image display, topworks, foley's tube, inflation/deflation equipment, it is characterized in that, peep scanning imaging system in OCT and carry out OCT signal transacting with the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. peep scanning imaging system in OCT according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described topworks drives OCT miniature probe to carry out rotation sweep, can produce 3D rendering.
6. peep scanning imaging system in OCT according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described inflation/deflation equipment is automatic inflatable/air equipment, and described automatic inflatable/air equipment comprises: control and display module, air pump, inflation/deflation solenoid valve, pressure transducer, explosion-proof pressure sensor, mechanical pressure switches.
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Application publication date: 20150722 |