CN104523239A - Full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method - Google Patents
Full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2576/00—Medical imaging apparatus involving image processing or analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method. The full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device comprises a light source, an optical fiber type Michelson interference system, a spectrograph and a signal processing system which are sequentially arranged along the optical path, light emitted by the wideband light source passes through a 2*2 optical fiber coupler, a reference arm and a sample arm, then returns, is split by the spectrograph and is focused on a linear array CCD, and an interference spectrum is obtained. Interference spectrum signals pre-stored in a computer under different optical path differences are used for processing the obtained interference spectrum of a sample to obtain a two-dimensional image. Compared with a traditional Fourier transform algorithm, an image reconstruction algorithm prevents the longitudinal resolution from changing along with the depth. A series of reconstructed two-dimensional images are used for synthesizing a three-dimensional structural image of the sample, and micrometer-level measurement on the sample is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique field, particularly a kind of full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device and method.
Background technology
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the undamaged optical image technology of a kind of high-resolution proposed in 1991 by people such as Huang, its imaging process is similar to ultra sonic imaging, by the backscattering of sample diverse location or back-reflection light with reference to interference of light, obtain the structural information of sample, then obtained the cross sectional image of sample by the transversal scanning of light beam.Due to the employing of OCT system is wideband light source, so its coherence length is shorter, in order to the imaging of sample depth direction, needs to introduce scanning means at reference arm and carries out depth scan thus the signal obtaining different depth place.So early stage OCT is referred to as time domain OCT.First OCT technology is applied to ophthalmology after proposing, the people such as Huang in 1991 first obtain human eye retina at body tomographic map, the people such as Fercher in 1993 obtain the OCT image of optic disk, and the same year, the people such as Swanson obtained the OCT image of human eye macula lutea.The people such as nineteen ninety-five Tearney obtain the OCT image of human body skin and measure skin corium epidermal area and cuticular refractive index, and OCT technology is widely used in clinical medicine gradually.
Nineteen ninety-five, the people such as Fercher propose domain optical coherence chromatographic technique (FDOCT).FDOCT utilizes spectrogrph to instead of photodetector in TDOCT at feeler arm, realizes Polaroid in the depth direction by detection interference spectrum signal.FDOCT is that reference arm does not need motion to carry out axial scan compared to the distinguishing feature of TDOCT, and the depth information of sample is obtained by Fourier transformation by the interference spectrum information detected.So FDOCT has the higher signal to noise ratio of speed faster.Domain optical coherence tomography technology is divided into again spectral coverage OCT (SDOCT) system and frequency sweep OCT (SSOCT) system according to its light source from the different of detection mechanism.What SDOCT adopted is wideband light source and rapid multi-channel spectrogrph, and SSOCT employing is fast tunable laser instrument and single-point photodetector.Have higher signal to noise ratio because SDOCT compares TDOCT, SDOCT is widely used in ophthalmology, department of dermatologry, cardiovascular, each field such as blood flow.The people such as nineteen ninety-five Fercher achieve the one dimension range finding of eye model inside and the measurement of eye cornea thickness.The carrier that the people such as G.Hausler in 1998 achieve human body skin structure is measured, and simultaneous quantitative demonstrates melanomatous skin and has stronger back scattering.Within 2002, M.Wojtkowski achieves human body retina image-forming first.By combining with Doppler effect, the people such as Z.Chen achieve the quantitative measurement to blood flow rate, thus have developed spectral domain Doppler OCT (SD-DOCT).R。The people such as Wang utilize supper-fast SDOCT to achieve three-dimensional visualization to retinal vessel, and develop into optical coherence angiography (OCA).The people such as J.Welzel utilize SDOCT to non-melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, scytitis, parasitic disease, and the aspects such as fingernail and supervision therapeutic effect are studied.
Although spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique is used widely, it also also exists some problem, affects image quality.Such as owing to being obtained by Fourier transformation the process of signal, Fourier transform pairs real number signal also exists the problem of conjugate image, and Fourier transformation requires the uniform sampling of signal.The existence of complex conjugate picture can make the sample structure rebuild produce aliasing.The interference spectrum signal obtained in reality is in addition uniform sampling at wavelength domain, at wave-number domain nonuniform sampling really.And the image reconstruction of spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique is that interference spectrum is fourier transformed into spatial domain from wave-number domain.So because interference spectrum is at the nonuniform sampling of wave-number domain, directly Fourier transformation is carried out to interference spectrum and longitudinal resolution can be caused to be deteriorated with the increase of the degree of depth.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can to the spectral domain optical coherence tomography device of the three-dimensional full Depth Imaging of biological tissue and method, and longitudinal resolution can be kept not change with the change of the degree of depth.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device, comprise the light source set gradually along optical path direction, fiber coupler, first collimating lens, first condenser lens, plane mirror, second collimating lens, X scanning galvanometer, Y scanning galvanometer, second condenser lens, object stage, 3rd collimating lens, diffraction grating, 3rd condenser lens, line array CCD 14, computer and linear displacement platform, wherein plane mirror to be fixed on linear displacement platform and plane mirror is positioned at the focal plane of the first condenser lens, line array CCD is located at the focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens, the outfan access computer of line array CCD, all optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour,
The light that described light source sends is divided into two-way by fiber coupler: the focus that wherein a road light is placed in the first collimating lens produces collimated light, after this collimated light focuses on plane mirror by the first condenser lens, the reflected light of plane mirror returns through the first collimating lens again coupled into optical fibres bonder along original optical path; Another road light is placed in the focus place of the second collimating lens, collimated light is formed after the second collimating lens, this collimated light focuses on the sample on object stage successively after X scanning galvanometer, Y scanning galvanometer through the second condenser lens, the light through sample back scattering or retroreflection returns through the second collimating lens again coupled into optical fibres bonder along original optical path; Again the two-way light of coupled into optical fibres bonder interferes, the interference light produced is placed in the focus place of the 3rd collimating lens through the outfan of fiber coupler, the collimated light produced through the 3rd collimating lens is incident to diffraction grating, the 3rd condenser lens is incident to after diffraction grating light splitting, 3rd condenser lens focuses the light on the photo-sensitive cell of line array CCD, and optical signal is converted to process in signal of telecommunication input computer and obtains OCT image by line array CCD.
Based on a formation method for full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device according to claim 1, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, is placed in the front focus place of the first collimating lens by the outfan of fiber coupler reference arm, be placed in by plane mirror on the first condenser lens back focal plane;
Step 2, the outfan of the sample arm of fiber coupler is placed in the front focus place of the second collimating lens, adjustment X scanning galvanometer, the locality that Y scanning galvanometer is relative make light path transfer 90 degree, and make the hot spot after collimating depart from the rotating shaft of Y scanning galvanometer but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer, the plane mirror Shang Bingyanyuan road regulating the second condenser lens to make collimated light focus on object stage returns;
Step 3, the front focus place feeler arm outfan of fiber coupler being placed in the 3rd collimating lens produces collimated light, the position of diffraction grating and direction is regulated to make this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating to spend angle, regulate the position of the 3rd condenser lens to make the optical axis of the 3rd condenser lens and the direction of diffraction light coaxial and make diffraction pattern be in the 3rd condenser lens center, regulate the position of line array CCD, make the test surface of CCD be on the back focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens;
Step 4, object stage in sample arm arranges plane mirror, adjustment makes light focus on this plane mirror, the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder is again interfered, start linear displacement platform obtain different optical path difference under interference spectrum, the line array CCD in feeler arm interference spectrum signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication input computer be stored in computer;
Step 5, keep sample arm constant, plane mirror on object stage in sample arm is changed to testing sample, regulates object stage that the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder is again interfered, drive X scanning galvanometer, Y scanning galvanometer carries out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal;
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to signal of telecommunication input computer by the line array CCD in feeler arm, by the interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image stored in step 4, and by the tomograph of a series of two dimensional image synthesis testing sample.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is in the present invention: (1) can carry out three dimensional structure detection to sample, realizes the detection of micron dimension tomography; (2) this system is optical-fiber type spectral domain optical coherence tomography system, and structure is simple, stable; (3) realize full Depth Imaging, without the need to acousto-optic, Electro-optical Modulation, does not also need movable phase interfere, realizes longitudinal resolution in full depth bounds and substantially remains unchanged.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography device of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Composition graphs 1, the present invention's full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device, comprise the light source 1 set gradually along optical path direction, fiber coupler 2, first collimating lens 3, first condenser lens 4, plane mirror 5, second collimating lens 6, X scanning galvanometer 7, Y scanning galvanometer 8, second condenser lens 9, object stage 10, 3rd collimating lens 11, diffraction grating 12, 3rd condenser lens 13, line array CCD 14, computer 15 and linear displacement platform 16, wherein plane mirror 5 to be fixed on linear displacement platform 16 and plane mirror 5 is positioned at the focal plane of the first condenser lens 4, line array CCD 14 is located at the focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens 13, the outfan access computer 15 of line array CCD 14, all optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour,
The light that described light source 1 sends is divided into two-way by fiber coupler 2: the focus that wherein a road light is placed in the first collimating lens 3 produces collimated light, after this collimated light focuses on plane mirror 5 by the first condenser lens 4, the reflected light of plane mirror 5 returns through the first collimating lens 3 again coupled into optical fibres bonder 2 along original optical path; Another road light is placed in the focus place of the second collimating lens 6, collimated light is formed after the second collimating lens 6, this collimated light focuses on the sample on object stage 10 through the second condenser lens 9 successively after X scanning galvanometer 7, Y scanning galvanometer 8, and the light through sample back scattering or retroreflection returns through the second collimating lens 6 again coupled into optical fibres bonder 2 along original optical path; Again the two-way light of coupled into optical fibres bonder 2 interferes, the interference light produced is placed in the focus place of the 3rd collimating lens 11 through the outfan of fiber coupler 2, the collimated light produced through the 3rd collimating lens 11 is incident to diffraction grating 12, the 3rd condenser lens 13 is incident to after diffraction grating 12 light splitting, 3rd condenser lens 13 focuses the light on the photo-sensitive cell of line array CCD 14, and optical signal is converted to process in signal of telecommunication input computer 15 and obtains OCT image by line array CCD 14.
Described fiber coupler 2 is 2 × 2 fiber couplers of 50:50.
Described linear displacement platform 16 is the 50 millimeter TravelMax platforms of LNR50S/M with trapezoidal stepper of Thorlabs company, range is 50 millimeters, and the least unit of incremental motion is 0.05 micron.
The angle of incidence of described diffraction grating 12 is 30 degree.
The present invention's full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, is placed in the front focus place of the first collimating lens 3 by the outfan of fiber coupler 2 reference arm, be placed in by plane mirror 5 on first condenser lens 4 back focal plane; Described fiber coupler 2 is 2 × 2 fiber couplers of 50:50.
Step 2, the outfan of the sample arm of fiber coupler 2 is placed in the front focus place of the second collimating lens 6, adjustment X scanning galvanometer 7, the locality that Y scanning galvanometer 8 is relative make light path transfer 90 degree, and make the hot spot after collimating depart from the rotating shaft of Y scanning galvanometer 8 but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer 7, the plane mirror Shang Bingyanyuan road regulating the second condenser lens 9 to make collimated light focus on object stage 10 returns;
Step 3, the front focus place feeler arm outfan of fiber coupler 2 being placed in the 3rd collimating lens 11 produces collimated light, the position of diffraction grating 12 and direction is regulated to make this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating 12 with 30 degree of angles, regulate the position of the 3rd condenser lens 13 to make the optical axis of the 3rd condenser lens 13 and the direction of diffraction light coaxial and make diffraction pattern be in the 3rd condenser lens 13 center, regulate the position of line array CCD 14, make the test surface of CCD be on the back focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens 13;
Step 4, object stage 10 in sample arm arranges plane mirror, adjustment makes light focus on this plane mirror, the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder 2 is again interfered, start linear displacement platform 16 obtain different optical path difference under interference spectrum, the line array CCD 14 in feeler arm interference spectrum signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication input computer 15 be stored in computer;
Step 5, keep sample arm constant, plane mirror on object stage in sample arm 10 is changed to testing sample, regulate object stage 10 that the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder 2 is again interfered, drive X scanning galvanometer 7, Y scanning galvanometer 8 carries out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal; Wherein hot spot departs from the rotating shaft of Y scanning galvanometer 8, produces modulating frequency, and for removing complex conjugate in spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique as problem, the offset or dish of hot spot meets the following conditions:
In formula, f
cfor modulating frequency, k is wave number, and δ is the distance that hot spot departs from the rotating shaft of Y galvanometer, and ω is the angular velocity of Y scanning galvanometer 7 when scanning, f
sfor the frequency of longitudinal scanning.
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to signal of telecommunication input computer 15 by the line array CCD 14 in feeler arm, by the interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image stored in step 4, and by the tomograph of a series of two dimensional image synthesis testing sample.Carry out in described reconstruct two dimensional image removal complex conjugate as time, first Fourier transformation is carried out to the interference spectrum signal of the different lateral position of same pixel, then windowing inverse Fourier transform is carried out with filtering DC terms to the signal after Fourier transformation, thus obtain multiple interference spectrum.
Claims (8)
1. a full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device, is characterized in that, comprises the light source (1) set gradually along optical path direction, fiber coupler (2), first collimating lens (3), first condenser lens (4), plane mirror (5), second collimating lens (6), X scanning galvanometer (7), Y scanning galvanometer (8), second condenser lens (9), object stage (10), 3rd collimating lens (11), diffraction grating (12), 3rd condenser lens (13), line array CCD (14), computer (15) and linear displacement platform (16), wherein plane mirror (5) is fixed on the focal plane that the upper and plane mirror (5) of linear displacement platform (16) is positioned at the first condenser lens (4), line array CCD (14) is located at the focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens (13), outfan access computer (15) of line array CCD (14), all optical elements are coaxially contour relative to substrate, namely relative to optical table or instrument base coaxially contour,
The light that described light source (1) sends is divided into two-way by fiber coupler (2): the focus that wherein a road light is placed in the first collimating lens (3) produces collimated light, after this collimated light focuses on plane mirror (5) by the first condenser lens (4), the reflected light of plane mirror (5) returns through the first collimating lens (3) again coupled into optical fibres bonder (2) along original optical path, another road light is placed in the focus place of the second collimating lens (6), collimated light is formed after the second collimating lens (6), this collimated light focuses on the sample on object stage (10) through X scanning galvanometer (7), Y scanning galvanometer (8) by the second condenser lens (9) successively, and the light through sample back scattering or retroreflection returns through the second collimating lens (6) again coupled into optical fibres bonder (2) along original optical path, again the two-way light of coupled into optical fibres bonder (2) interferes, the interference light produced is placed in the focus place of the 3rd collimating lens (11) through the outfan of fiber coupler (2), the collimated light produced through the 3rd collimating lens (11) is incident to diffraction grating (12), the 3rd condenser lens (13) is incident to after diffraction grating (12) light splitting, 3rd condenser lens (13) focuses the light on the photo-sensitive cell of line array CCD (14), optical signal is converted to process in signal of telecommunication input computer (15) and obtains OCT image by line array CCD (14).
2. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 2 × 2 fiber couplers that described fiber coupler (2) is 50:50.
3. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the 50 millimeter TravelMax platforms of the LNR50S/M that described linear displacement platform (16) is Thorlabs company with trapezoidal stepper, range are 50 millimeters, and the least unit of incremental motion is 0.05 micron.
4. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the angle of incidence of described diffraction grating (12) is 30 degree.
5., based on a formation method for full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, is placed in the front focus place of the first collimating lens (3) by the outfan of fiber coupler (2) reference arm, be placed in by plane mirror (5) on the first condenser lens (4) back focal plane;
Step 2, the outfan of the sample arm of fiber coupler (2) is placed in the front focus place of the second collimating lens (6), adjustment X scanning galvanometer (7), the locality that Y scanning galvanometer (8) is relative make light path transfer 90 degree, and make the hot spot after collimating depart from the rotating shaft of Y scanning galvanometer (8) but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer (7), the plane mirror Shang Bingyanyuan road regulating the second condenser lens (9) to make collimated light focus on object stage (10) returns;
Step 3, the front focus place feeler arm outfan of fiber coupler (2) being placed in the 3rd collimating lens (11) produces collimated light, the position of diffraction grating (12) and direction is regulated to make this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating (12) with 30 degree of angles, the position of the 3rd condenser lens (13) is regulated to make the optical axis of the 3rd condenser lens (13) coaxial and make diffraction pattern be in the 3rd condenser lens (13) center with the direction of diffraction light, regulate the position of line array CCD (14), the test surface of CCD is made to be on the back focal plane of the 3rd condenser lens (13),
Step 4, object stage (10) in sample arm arranges plane mirror, adjustment makes light focus on this plane mirror, the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder (2) is again interfered, start linear displacement platform (16) obtain different optical path difference under interference spectrum, the line array CCD (14) in feeler arm interference spectrum signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication input computer (15) be stored in computer;
Step 5, keep sample arm constant, plane mirror on object stage in sample arm (10) is changed to testing sample, regulate object stage (10) that the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres bonder (2) is again interfered, drive X scanning galvanometer (7), Y scanning galvanometer (8) carries out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal;
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to signal of telecommunication input computer (15) by the line array CCD (14) in feeler arm, by the interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image stored in step 4, and by the tomograph of a series of two dimensional image synthesis testing sample.
6. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, 2 × 2 fiber couplers that described fiber coupler (2) is 50:50.
7. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, drive X scanning galvanometer (7) described in step 5, Y scanning galvanometer (8) carries out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal, wherein hot spot departs from the rotating shaft of Y scanning galvanometer (8), produce modulating frequency, for removing complex conjugate in spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique as problem, the offset or dish of hot spot meets the following conditions:
In formula, f
cfor modulating frequency, k is wave number, and δ is the distance that hot spot departs from the rotating shaft of Y galvanometer, angular velocity when ω is Y scanning galvanometer (7) scanning, f
sfor the frequency of longitudinal scanning.
8. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, reconstruct described in step 6 in two dimensional image carry out removal complex conjugate as time, first Fourier transformation is carried out to the interference spectrum signal of the different lateral position of same pixel, then windowing inverse Fourier transform is carried out with filtering DC terms to the signal after Fourier transformation, thus obtain multiple interference spectrum.
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