CN104523239B - Full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method - Google Patents
Full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method. The full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device comprises a light source, an optical fiber type Michelson interference system, a spectrograph and a signal processing system which are sequentially arranged along the optical path, light emitted by the wideband light source passes through a 2*2 optical fiber coupler, a reference arm and a sample arm, then returns, is split by the spectrograph and is focused on a linear array CCD, and an interference spectrum is obtained. Interference spectrum signals pre-stored in a computer under different optical path differences are used for processing the obtained interference spectrum of a sample to obtain a two-dimensional image. Compared with a traditional Fourier transform algorithm, an image reconstruction algorithm prevents the longitudinal resolution from changing along with the depth. A series of reconstructed two-dimensional images are used for synthesizing a three-dimensional structural image of the sample, and micrometer-level measurement on the sample is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique field, particularly a kind of full depth spectrum domain optical coherence layer
Analysis imaging device and method.
Background technology
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the undamaged optics of a kind of high-resolution being proposed in 1991 by Huang et al.
Imaging technique, its imaging process similar to ultrasonic imaging, by backscattering or back-reflection light and the ginseng of sample diverse location
Examine the interference of light, obtain the structural information of sample, then obtain the cross sectional image of sample by the transversal scanning of light beam.Due to
OCT system uses wideband light source, so its coherence length is shorter, in order to be imaged to sample depth direction, needs in reference
Arm introduces scanning means and carries out depth scan thus obtaining the signal at different depth.So the OCT of early stage is referred to as time domain
OCT.OCT technology is applied to ophthalmology after proposing first, Huang in 1991 et al. obtain first human eye retina in body
Tomographic map, Fercher in 1993 et al. obtains the OCT image of optic disk, and it is yellow that the same year Swanson et al. obtains human eye
The OCT image of spot.Nineteen ninety-five Tearney et al. obtain human body skin OCT image and measure skin corium epidermal area with
And cuticular refractive index, OCT technology is gradually widely used in clinical medicine.
Nineteen ninety-five, Fercher et al. proposes domain optical coherence chromatographic technique (FDOCT).FDOCT utilizes in feeler arm
Spectrometer instead of the photodetector in TDOCT, Polaroid in the depth direction by detecting the realization of interference spectrum signal.
The distinguishing feature compared to TDOCT for the FDOCT is that reference arm does not need motion to carry out axial scan, the depth information of sample by
The interference spectrum information detecting is obtained by Fourier transformation.So FDOCT has the higher signal to noise ratio of faster speed.Frequently
Domain optical coherence chromatography imaging technique according to its light source from detect mechanism different and be divided into spectral coverage OCT (SDOCT) system and sweep
Frequency OCT (SSOCT) system.SDOCT uses wideband light source and rapid multi-channel spectrometer, and SSOCT uses quickly
Tunable laser and single-point photodetector.Because SDOCT compares TDOCT, there is higher signal to noise ratio, SDOCT is extensive
It is applied to ophthalmology, dept. of dermatology, cardiovascular, each field such as blood flow.Nineteen ninety-five Fercher et al. achieves one-dimensional within phantom eye
Range finding and the measurement of eye cornea thickness.G.Hausler in 1998 et al. achieves the carrier measurement of human body skin structure, simultaneously
The skin quantitatively verifying melanoma has higher back scattering.M.Wojtkowski achieves human body first within 2002
Retina image-forming.By combining with Doppler effect, Z.Chen et al. achieves the quantitative measurment to VPV, thus sending out
Open up spectral domain Doppler OCT (SD-DOCT).R.Wang et al. achieves to retinal vessel three using supper-fast SDOCT
Dimension visualization, and develop into optical coherence angiography (OCA).J.Welzel et al. utilizes SDOCT to non-melanoma skin
Cancer, melanoma, scytitis, parasitic disease, the aspect such as nail and supervision therapeutic effect is studied.
Although spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique is widely used, it also has the problem of some,
Affect image quality.For example due to being obtained by Fourier transformation to the process of signal, Fourier transform pairs real number is believed
Number there is the problem of conjugate image, and Fourier transformation requires the uniform sampling of signal.The presence of complex conjugate picture can make weight
The sample structure built produces aliasing.In addition the interference spectrum signal obtaining in practice is uniform sampling in wavelength domain, in wave number
Domain really nonuniform sampling.And the image reconstruction of spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique is from wave-number domain Fu by interference spectrum
In leaf transformation to spatial domain.So while interference spectrum, in the nonuniform sampling of wave-number domain, is directly carried out in Fu to interference spectrum
Leaf transformation can cause longitudinal frame to be deteriorated with the increase of depth.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of can be to the spectral domain optical phase dried layer of the full Depth Imaging of biological tissue three-dimensional
Analysis imaging device and method, and longitudinal frame can be kept not change with the change of depth.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is：A kind of full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device, bag
Include the light source setting gradually along optical path direction, fiber coupler, the first collimation lens, the first condenser lens, level crossing, second accurate
Straight lens, X scanning galvanometer, Y scan galvanometer, the second condenser lens, objective table, the 3rd collimation lens, diffraction grating, tertiary focusing
Lens, line array CCD 14, computer and linear displacement platform, wherein level crossing are fixed on linear displacement platform and level crossing is located at first
The focal plane of condenser lens, line array CCD accesses computer, owns located at the focal plane of tertiary focusing lens, the output end of line array CCD
Optical element is coaxially contour with respect to substrate, that is, coaxially contour with respect to optical table or instrument base；
The light that described light source sends is divided into two-way by fiber coupler：Wherein one road light is placed in Jiao of the first collimation lens
Collimated light is produced, after the first condenser lens focuses on level crossing, the reflected light of level crossing is along original optical path for this collimated light on point
Return through the first collimation lens again coupled into optical fibres coupler；Another road light is placed in the focal point of the second collimation lens, through
Form collimated light, this collimated light sequentially passes through X scanning galvanometer, gathers through the second condenser lens after Y scan galvanometer after two collimation lenses
On the burnt sample on objective table, the light through sample back scattering or retroreflection returns through the second collimation lens weight along original optical path
New coupled into optical fibres coupler；Again the two-way light of coupled into optical fibres coupler interferes, and the interference light of generation is through optical fiber coupling
The output end of clutch is placed in the focal point of the 3rd collimation lens, is incident to diffraction light through the collimated light that the 3rd collimation lens produces
Grid, are incident to tertiary focusing lens after diffraction grating light splitting, and tertiary focusing lens focus the light into the photo-sensitive cell of line array CCD
On, line array CCD converts optical signals to process in electric signal input computer and obtains OCT image.
A kind of imaging method based on the full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device described in claim 1, including
Following steps：
Step 1, the output end of fiber coupler reference arm is placed at the front focus of the first collimation lens, level crossing is put
On the first condenser lens back focal plane；
Step 2, the output end of the sample arm of fiber coupler is placed at the front focus of the second collimation lens, adjusts X and sweeps
Retouching the relative locality of galvanometer, Y scan galvanometer makes light path transfer 90 degree, and makes the hot spot deviation Y scan after collimation
The rotating shaft of galvanometer but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer, adjust the second condenser lens make collimated light focus on the plane of objective table
On mirror and along backtracking；
Step 3, the feeler arm output end of fiber coupler is placed in generation collimated light at the front focus of the 3rd collimation lens,
Adjusting the position of diffraction grating and direction makes this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating to spend angle, adjusts the position of tertiary focusing lens
Put so that the optical axis of the tertiary focusing lens and direction of diffraction light is coaxial and so that diffraction pattern is in tertiary focusing lens
The heart, the position adjusting line array CCD is so that the test surface of CCD is on the back focal plane of tertiary focusing lens；
Step 4, arranges level crossing on the objective table in sample arm, adjusts and focuses light on this level crossing, makes sample
The light beam of arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler again interferes, and starts linear displacement platform and obtains under different optical path differences
Interference spectrum, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer and is stored in computer by the line array CCD in feeler arm；
Step 5, keeps sample arm constant, the level crossing on objective table in sample arm is changed to testing sample, adjust loading
Platform makes the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler again interfere, and drives X scanning galvanometer, Y scan galvanometer
Carry out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal；
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer by the line array CCD in feeler arm, by step 4
The interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image of storage, and a series of two dimensional image is synthesized the tomograph of testing sample.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is the present invention：(1) three-dimensional structure detection can be carried out to sample, real
Existing micron dimension tomography detects；(2) this system is optical-fiber type spectral domain optical coherence tomography system, and structure is simple, surely
Fixed；(3) realize full Depth Imaging, without acousto-optic, Electro-optical Modulation, it is not required that phase shift is interfered, is realized in full depth bounds longitudinally
Resolution ratio is held essentially constant.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography device of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1, the present invention full depth spectrum domain optical coherence laminated imaging device, including set gradually along optical path direction
Light source 1, fiber coupler 2, the first collimation lens 3, the first condenser lens 4, level crossing 5, the second collimation lens 6, X scanning galvanometer
7th, Y scan galvanometer 8, the second condenser lens 9, objective table 10, the 3rd collimation lens 11, diffraction grating 12, tertiary focusing lens 13,
Line array CCD 14, computer 15 and linear displacement platform 16, wherein level crossing 5 are fixed on linear displacement platform 16 and level crossing 5 is located at the
The focal plane of one condenser lens 4, line array CCD 14 accesses located at the focal plane of tertiary focusing lens 13, the output end of line array CCD 14
Computer 15, all optical elements are coaxially contour with respect to substrate, that is, coaxially contour with respect to optical table or instrument base；
The light that described light source 1 sends is divided into two-way by fiber coupler 2：Wherein one road light is placed in the first collimation lens 3
Focus on produce collimated light, after this collimated light focuses on level crossing 5 by the first condenser lens 4, the reflected light edge of level crossing 5
Original optical path returns through the first collimation lens 3 again coupled into optical fibres coupler 2；Another road light is placed in Jiao of the second collimation lens 6
Point place, formation collimated light after the second collimation lens 6, this collimated light sequentially passes through X scanning galvanometer 7, after Y scan galvanometer 8 through the
Two condenser lenses 9 focus on the sample on objective table 10, and the light through sample back scattering or retroreflection returns along original optical path
Through the second collimation lens 6 again coupled into optical fibres coupler 2；Again the two-way light of coupled into optical fibres coupler 2 interferes, and produces
The output end through fiber coupler 2 for the raw interference light is placed in the focal point of the 3rd collimation lens 11, produces through the 3rd collimation lens 11
Raw collimated light is incident to diffraction grating 12, is incident to tertiary focusing lens 13, tertiary focusing is saturating after diffraction grating 12 light splitting
Mirror 13 focuses the light on the photo-sensitive cell of line array CCD 14, and line array CCD 14 converts optical signals in electric signal input computer 15
Process obtains OCT image.
Described fiber coupler 2 is 50:50 2 × 2 fiber couplers.
Described linear displacement platform 16 is 50 millimeters of TravelMax with trapezoidal stepper for the LNR50S/M of Thorlabs company
Platform, range are 50 millimeters, and the least unit of incremental motion is 0.05 micron.
The incidence angle of described diffraction grating 12 is 30 degree.
The present invention full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the output end of fiber coupler 2 reference arm is placed at the front focus of the first collimation lens 3, by level crossing
5 are placed on the first condenser lens 4 back focal plane；Described fiber coupler 2 is 50:50 2 × 2 fiber couplers.
Step 2, the output end of the sample arm of fiber coupler 2 is placed at the front focus of the second collimation lens 6, adjusts X
The relative locality of scanning galvanometer 7, Y scan galvanometer 8 makes light path transfer 90 degree, and makes the hot spot after collimation deviate Y
The rotating shaft of scanning galvanometer 8 but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer 7, adjust the second condenser lens 9 make collimated light focus on objective table
On 10 level crossing and along backtracking；
Step 3, the feeler arm output end of fiber coupler 2 is placed at the front focus of the 3rd collimation lens 11 and produces collimation
Light, adjusts the position of diffraction grating 12 and direction and makes this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating 12 with 30 degree of angles, adjust trimerization
The position of focus lens 13 makes the optical axis of tertiary focusing lens 13 coaxial with the direction of diffraction light and so that diffraction pattern is in
Tertiary focusing lens 13 center, adjusts the position of line array CCD 14 so that after the test surface of CCD is in tertiary focusing lens 13
On focal plane；
Step 4, arranges level crossing on the objective table 10 in sample arm, adjusts and focuses light on this level crossing, makes sample
The light beam of product arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler 2 again interferes, and starts linear displacement platform 16 and obtains different light paths
Interference spectrum under difference, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer 15 and is stored in by the line array CCD 14 in feeler arm
In computer；
Step 5, keeps sample arm constant, the level crossing on objective table in sample arm 10 is changed to testing sample, adjust and carry
Thing platform 10 makes the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler 2 again interfere, and drives X scanning galvanometer 7, Y to sweep
Retouch galvanometer 8 and carry out transversal scanning acquisition three-dimensional interference spectral signal；Wherein hot spot deviates the rotating shaft of Y scan galvanometer 8, produces modulation
Frequency, for removing the complex conjugate in spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique as problem, the offset or dish satisfaction of hot spot is following
Condition：
In formula, fcFor modulating frequency, k is wave number, and δ deviates the distance of Y galvanometer rotating shaft for hot spot, and ω sweeps for Y scan galvanometer 7
Angular speed when retouching, fsFrequency for longitudinal scanning.
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer 15 by the line array CCD 14 in feeler arm, by step
The interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image of storage in rapid 4, and a series of two dimensional image is synthesized the tomograph of testing sample.
Be removed in described reconstruct two dimensional image complex conjugate as when, first to same pixel difference lateral position interference spectrum signal
Carry out Fourier transformation, then adding window inverse Fourier transform is carried out to filter DC terms to the signal after Fourier transformation, thus
Obtain multiple interference spectrum.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method is it is characterised in that be based on full depth spectrum domain optical coherence layer
Analysis imaging device, light source (1) that this device includes setting gradually along optical path direction, fiber coupler (2), the first collimation lens
(3), the first condenser lens (4), level crossing (5), the second collimation lens (6), X scanning galvanometer (7), Y scan galvanometer (8), second
Condenser lens (9), objective table (10), the 3rd collimation lens (11), diffraction grating (12), tertiary focusing lens (13), line array CCD
(14), computer (15) and linear displacement platform (16), wherein level crossing (5) are fixed on linear displacement platform (16) and level crossing (5)
Positioned at the focal plane of the first condenser lens (4), line array CCD (14) is located at the focal plane of tertiary focusing lens (13), line array CCD
(14) output end accesses computer (15), and all optical elements are coaxially contour with respect to substrate, that is, with respect to optical table or instrument
Device base is coaxially contour；Imaging method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the output end of fiber coupler (2) reference arm is placed at the front focus of the first collimation lens (3), by level crossing
(5) it is placed on the first condenser lens (4) back focal plane；
Step 2, the output end of the sample arm of fiber coupler (2) is placed at the front focus of the second collimation lens (6), adjusts X
The relative locality of scanning galvanometer (7), Y scan galvanometer (8) makes light path transfer 90 degree, and makes the hot spot after collimation inclined
From Y scan galvanometer (8) rotating shaft but in the rotating shaft of X scanning galvanometer (7), adjust the second condenser lens (9) make collimated light gather
Jiao is on the level crossing of objective table (10) and along backtracking；
Step 3, the feeler arm output end of fiber coupler (2) is placed at the front focus of the 3rd collimation lens (11) and produces collimation
Light, adjusts the position of diffraction grating (12) and direction and makes this collimated light be incident to diffraction grating (12) with 30 degree angles, regulation the
The position of three condenser lenses (13) makes the optical axis of tertiary focusing lens (13) coaxial with the direction of diffraction light and makes diffraction
Hot spot is in tertiary focusing lens (13) center, and the position adjusting line array CCD (14) is so that the test surface of CCD is in trimerization
On the back focal plane of focus lens (13)；
Step 4, in the upper setting level crossing of the objective table (10) in sample arm, adjusts and focuses light on this level crossing, make sample
The light beam of arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler (2) again interferes, and starts linear displacement platform (16) and obtains and does not share the same light
Interference spectrum under path difference, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer (15) by the line array CCD (14) in feeler arm
It is stored in computer；
Step 5, keeps sample arm constant, the level crossing on objective table in sample arm (10) is changed to testing sample, adjust loading
Platform (10) makes the light beam of sample arm and reference arm coupled into optical fibres coupler (2) again interfere, drive X scanning galvanometer (7),
Y scan galvanometer (8) carries out transversal scanning and obtains three-dimensional interference spectral signal；
Step 6, interference spectrum signal is converted to electric signal input computer (15) by the line array CCD (14) in feeler arm, by step
The interference spectrum reconstruct two dimensional image of storage in rapid 4, and a series of two dimensional image is synthesized the tomograph of testing sample.
2. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described optical fiber coupling
Clutch (2) is 50:50 2 × 2 fiber couplers.
3. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described in step 5
Drive X scanning galvanometer (7), Y scan galvanometer (8) to carry out transversal scanning and obtain three-dimensional interference spectral signal, wherein hot spot deviates Y and sweeps
Retouch the rotating shaft of galvanometer (8), produce modulating frequency, ask for removing the complex conjugate picture in spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique
Topic, the offset or dish of hot spot meets following condition：
In formula, fcFor modulating frequency, k is wave number, and δ deviates the distance of Y galvanometer rotating shaft for hot spot, and ω is that Y scan galvanometer (7) scans
When angular speed, fsFrequency for longitudinal scanning.
4. full depth spectrum domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute in step 6
State reconstruct two dimensional image in be removed complex conjugate as when, first to same pixel difference lateral position interference spectrum signal enter
Row Fourier transformation, then carries out adding window inverse Fourier transform to filter DC terms to the signal after Fourier transformation, thus obtaining
Interference spectrum must be answered.
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| CN101405562B (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2011-01-26 | 光视有限公司 | A fourier-domain optical coherence tomography imager |
| CN200970231Y (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2007-11-07 | 浙江大学 | System for extending optic coherent chromatographic image dynamic range |
| CN101214145B (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2010-08-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Frequency domain optical coherence chromatography imaging method and system with large detecting depth |
| US8340455B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-12-25 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for performing Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy |
| CN101803908A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-08-18 | 浙江大学 | Dispersive modulation-based non-mirror image optimal frequency domain imaging system and method |
| CN102670172B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-04-15 | 浙江大学 | AS-OCT-SD (Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography-Spectrum Domain) imaging system and AS-OCT-SD imaging method based on visibility function regulation |
| CN102657519B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-20 | 浙江大学 | OCT (optical coherence tomography)-based high-sensitivity measurement system and method with large dynamic range of flow speed |
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