CN104788403A - 一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法 - Google Patents

一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法 Download PDF

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CN104788403A
CN104788403A CN201510205091.7A CN201510205091A CN104788403A CN 104788403 A CN104788403 A CN 104788403A CN 201510205091 A CN201510205091 A CN 201510205091A CN 104788403 A CN104788403 A CN 104788403A
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王燕燕
张勇慧
韩师师
尹天翔
汪海斌
张雨薇
王雨珂
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,取豆腐柴干燥叶粉碎后,用95%乙醇热提取四次,合并四次提取液,浓缩得到浸膏,通过各种色谱分离方法的反复联合使用,从乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部位分离得到12个化合物。本发明的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其中化合物1-8,10-12为首次从此植物中分离得到,为豆腐柴的药理活性研究提供了基础。

Description

一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学领域,具体涉及一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法。
背景技术
豆腐柴(Premna microphylla Turcz.)俗称腐婢、豆腐木、臭黄荆、臭娘子、土常山等,为马鞭草科豆腐柴属植物,在我国分布广泛,主要分布我国华东、华中、华南、中南以至四川、贵州等地,生山坡林下或林缘等处。为直立灌木;幼枝有柔毛,老枝变无毛。叶揉之有臭味,卵状椭圆形、披针形、卵形或倒卵形,长3-13厘米,宽1.5-6厘米,顶端急尖至长渐尖,基部渐狭窄下延至叶柄两侧,全缘至有不规则粗齿,无毛至有短柔毛;叶柄长0.5-2厘米。聚伞花序组成顶生塔形的圆锥花序;花萼杯状,绿色,有时带紫色,密被毛至几无毛,但边缘常有睫毛,近整齐的5浅裂;花冠淡黄色,外有柔毛和腺点,花冠内部有柔毛,以喉部较密。核果紫色,球形至倒卵,花果期5-10月。
豆腐柴在我国有很好的药用价值,据《中药辞海》记载,豆腐柴性寒,味苦涩,主治疟疾、泻痢、痈、疗、肿痛;可用于治疗毒蛇咬伤、疟疾、丹毒及醉酒不醒等。《本草正义》载“味苦气寒,专主温邪热病,实热蕴结及痈疮肿毒诸症,可服食,可外敷”。《本草经集注》载“豆腐柴疗疟疾有效。亦酒渍皮,疗心腹痛”。
在民间豆腐柴叶可用于制成“观音豆腐”,具有清凉解暑的作用;其根、叶、茎均可入药,具清热解毒,消肿止血的功效,主治毒蛇咬伤、无名肿毒、创伤出血、跌打损伤、风火牙痛、烧伤及疟疾、痢疾等。
现代医药研究显示,豆腐柴属植物提取物具有明显药理活性,如降低胆固醇、抗疲劳、保护坐骨神经和软组织损、改善微循环、抗炎镇痛、增强机体非特异性免疫功能、祛风湿、收敛止血、对金黄色葡萄球菌以及痢疾杆菌抑制作用强,以及抗蛇毒作用等。但是目前对豆腐柴的化学成分以及生物活性方面的研究尚不多见。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是为解决豆腐柴的化学成分研究不多以及生物活性方面的问题,提供一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法。
本发明提供一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
取豆腐柴干燥叶粉碎后,用95%乙醇热提取四次,合并四次提取液,浓缩得到浸膏;
取浸膏用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,得到氯仿萃取物;
取氯仿萃取物用石油醚∶丙酮=6∶1分离纯化得到混合物1,剩余部分再用石油醚∶丙酮=3∶1分离纯化得到混合物2;
取混合物1分离纯化得到化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6、化合物7、化合物8;
取混合物2分离纯化的得到化合物9、化合物10、化合物11、化合物12。
所述化合物结构如下
进一步的,所述混合物1用90%甲醇溶解,以15%-90%甲醇为流动相,MCI GEL色谱柱进行分离,得到溶液A、溶液B、溶液C、溶液D、溶液E、溶液F。
进一步的,所述溶液B经Sephadex LH-20分离纯化得到化合物8。
进一步的,所述溶液C经Sephadex LH-20、CHCl3∶CH3OH=80∶1分离纯化得到化合物1、化合物6和化合物7。
进一步的,所述溶液D经Sephadex LH-20、CHCl3∶CH3OH=60∶1分离,得到化合物2和化合物3。
进一步的,所述溶液E经CHCl3∶CH3OH=30∶1分离得到化合物4和化合物5。
本发明还提供一种豆腐柴提取物,采用上述的方法提取得到。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的豆腐柴提取方法,通过各种色谱分离方法的反复联合使用,、从乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部位分离得到12个化合物,其中化合物1-8,10-12为首次从此植物中分离得到,为豆腐柴的药理活性研究提供了基础。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例详细描述本发明。应当注意的是,下述实施例中描述的技术特征或者技术特征的组合不应当被认为是孤立的,它们可以被相互组合从而达到更好的技术效果。
取11.5kg豆腐柴干燥叶粉碎后,用95%EtOH热提取四次,浓缩得浸膏。之后用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取。将氯仿萃取所得的125g浸膏用200-300目硅胶拌样,硅胶板摸索条件用石油醚∶丙酮=100∶1/50∶1/25∶1/12∶1/6∶1/3∶1/0∶1系统洗脱得到F1-F8八个分段,取F7分离纯化得到四个化合物,分别为化合物9(7.0mg)、化合物10(18.4mg)、化合物11(7.0mg)、化合物12(3.9mg)然后将氯仿部位所有样品合并,经过MCI,正相硅胶柱,ODS,高效液相色谱,Sephadex LH-20等传统的分离方法,分离得到8个化合物,分别为化合物1(7.0mg)、化合物2(4.2mg)、化合物3(24.1mg)、化合物4(3.5mg)、化合物5(5.5mg)、化合物6(7.5mg)、化合物7(2.8mg)、化合物8(9.6mg)。
化合物1:无色油状,易溶于氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.03(1H,d,J=15.61Hz,H-7),6.29(1H,d,J=15.61Hz,H-8),3.93(1H,m,H-3),2.39(1H,dd,J=5.05Hz,14.41Hz,H-4),2.29(3H,s,H-10),1.68(1H,m,H-4),1.63(1H,m,H-2),1.27(1H,m,H-2),1.19(6H,s,CH3-12,CH3-13),0.97(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:35.33(C-1),46.87(C-2),64.22(C-3),40.77(C-4),67.49(C-5),69.68(C-6),142.62(C-7),132.79(C-8),197.68(C-9),28.52(C-10),29.56(C-11),25.17(C-12),20.06(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one。
化合物2:无色油状,易溶于甲醇,氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.88(1H,s,H-4),5.83(1H,dd,J=5.05Hz,15.71Hz,H-8),5.76(1H,d,J=15.71Hz,H-7),4.38(1H,m,H-9),2.43(1H,d,J=17.09Hz,H-2),2.20(1H,d,J=15.96Hz,H-2),1.88(3H,s,CH3-13),1.26(3H,d,J=8.28Hz,CH3-10),1.06(3H,s,CH3-12),0.99(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:35.11(C-1),41.01(C-2),64.40(C-3),47.22(C-4),66.65(C-5),69.57(C-6),125.11(C-7),137.97(C-8),68.46(C-9),23.87(C-10),29.72(C-11),24.91(C-12),20.04(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为(3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-5,6-epoxy-3,9-dihydroxy-7-megastigmene。
化合物3:无色针状晶体,易溶于氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.88(1H,s,H-4),5.83(1H,dd,J=5.05Hz,15.73Hz,H-8),5.76(1H,d,J=15.71Hz,H-7),4.38(1H,m,H-9),2.43(1H,d,J=17.09Hz,H-2),2.21(1H,d,J=15.96Hz,H-2),1.88(3H,s,CH3-13),1.26(3H,d,J=8.28Hz,CH3-10),1.06(3H,s,CH3-12),0.99(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:41.37(C-1),49.86(C-2),198.54(C-3),126.97(C-4),163.50(C-5),79.21(C-6),135.89(C-7),129.16(C-8),68.19(C-9),23.90(C-10),24.22(C-11),23.09(C-12),19.20(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为布卢门醇A。
化合物4:无色油状,易溶于氯仿,甲醇等。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.82(1H,s,H-8),4.30(1H,m,H-3),2.26(2H,m,H-4),2.16(3H,s,CH3-10),1.96(2H,m,H-2),1.40(3H,s,CH3-13),1.36(3H,s,CH3-12),1.12(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:36.30(C-1),48.89(C-2),63.92(C-3),49.04(C-4),72.42(C-5),118.88(C-6),198.76(C-7),100.90(C-8),209.91(C-9),26.52(C-10),31.88(C-11),29.24(C-12),31.01(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为3S,5R-dihydroxy-6S,7-megastigmadien-9-one。
化合物5:无色油状,易溶于氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.02(1H,d,J=16.02Hz,H-7),5.55(1H,dd,J=6.36Hz,16.02Hz,H-8),4.38(1H,m,H-9),3.93(1H,d,J=3.69Hz,H-4),3.85(1H,m,H-3),1.87(3H,brs,CH3-13),1.67(1H,t,J=12.40Hz,H-2),1.54(1H,dd,J=3.38Hz,12.33Hz,H-2),1.31(3H,d,J=635Hz,CH3-10),1.05(3H,s,CH3-12),1.02(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:36.95(C-1),41.33(C-2),66.94(C-3),71.71(C-4),127.55(C-5),142.09(C-6),126.10(C-7),139.42(C-8),69.25(C-9),23.79(C-10),30.04(C-11),27.49(C-12),19.65(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为ixerol B。
化合物6:无色油状,易溶于甲醇,氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.83(1H,d,J=15.74Hz,H-7),6.46(1H,d,J=15.74Hz,H-8),5.95(1H,s,H-4),2.35(H,d,J=17.23Hz,H-2),2.49(H,d,J=17.23Hz,H-2),2.30(3H,s,CH3-10),1.88(3H,s,CH3-13),1.10(3H,s,CH3-12),1.02(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:41.66(C-1),49.77(C-2),197.71(C-3),127.96(C-4),160.74(C-5),79.47(C-6),145.29(C-7),130.58(C-8),197.29(C-9),28.57(C-10),24.54(C-11),23.14(C-12),18.91(C-13).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为(-)去氢催吐萝芙木醇。
化合物7:无色油状,易溶于氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.69(1H,s,H-7),4.33(1H,m,H-3),2.46(1H,ddd,J=2.48Hz,2.49Hz,14.14Hz,H-4a),1.97(1H,ddd,J=2.53Hz,2.54Hz,14.60Hz,H-2a),1.79(1H,dd,J=3.5Hz,14.0Hz,H-4b),1.77(3H,s,CH3-11),1.53(1H,dd,J=3.62Hz,14.66Hz,H-2b),1.47(3H,s,CH3-9),1.27(3H,s,CH3-10).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:36.13(C-1),47.52(C-2),67.08(C-3),45.82(C-4),86.86(C-5),172.09(C-6),113.16(C-7),182.57(C-8),26.70(C-9),27.22(C-10),30.87(C-11).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为黑麦草内酯。
化合物8:无色针状晶体,易溶于甲醇,氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.93(1H,s,H-7),2.97(1H,d,J=13.62Hz,H-4),2.68(1H,d,J=13.61Hz,H-4),2.48(1H,d,J=14.39Hz,H-2),2.48(1H,d,J=14.35Hz,H-2),1.59(3H,s,CH3-9),1.42(3H,s,CH3-10),1.29(3H,s,CH3-11).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:36.03(C-1),54.25(C-2),204.75(C-3),53.87(C-4),86.41(C-5),178.57(C-6),114.74(C-7),171.00(C-8),26.25(C-9),26.92(C-10),29.96(C-11).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为(+)-脱氢地芰普内酯。
化合物9:黄色油状物,易溶于甲醇。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:7.47(1H,d,J=7.9Hz,H-6′),7.38(1H,s,H-2′),7.06(1H,d,J=8.23Hz,H-5′),6.56(1H,s,H-3),6.43(1H,s,H-8),6.20(1H,s,H-6),3.94(3H,s,4′-OCH3).13C-NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ:183.90(C-4),167.03(C-2),165.97(C-7),163.32(C-5),159.61(C-9),152.74(C-3′),148.36(C-4′),125.17(C-1′),120.13(C-6′),114.04(C-5′),112.80(C-2′),105.28(C10),104.51(C-3),100.57(C-6),95.37(C-8),56.62(-OMe).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为香叶木素。
化合物10:白色无定型粉末,易溶于氯仿, 1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.90(1H,d,J=1.48Hz,H-2),6.88(1H,d,J=7.97Hz,H-5),6.82(1H,dd,J=1.44Hz,8.22Hz,H-6),4.75(1H,d,J=4.37Hz,H-7),4.72(1H,d,J=4.52Hz,H-7′),4.25(2H,m,H-9b,H-9′b),3.10(2H,m,H-8,H-8′),3.90(2H,m,H-9a,H-9′a),3.91(9H,s,3,3′,5′-OCH3).13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:133.06(C-1),108.80(C-2),146.91(C-3),145.45(C-4),114.49(C-5),119.14(C-6),86.02(C-7),54.30(C-8),71.81(C-9),132.32(C-1′),102.91(C-2′),147.35(C-3′),134.48(C-4′),147.35(C-5′),102.91(C-6′),86.34(C-7′),54.59(C-8′),72.06(C-9′),56.17(3-OMe),56.58(3′,5′-OMe).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为(+)-5′-甲氧基松脂素。
化合物11:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.79-6.93(6H,m,Ar-H),5.34(1H,d,J=3.67Hz,H-2),5.33(1H,d,J=3.98Hz,H-6),4.34(1H,dd,J=6.81Hz,9.31Hz,Hβ-8),4.04(1H,dd,J=4.48Hz,9.40Hz,Hα-8),3.47(1H,dd,J=3.71Hz,9.14Hz,H-5),3.25(1H,m,H-1).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ:50.19(C-1),53.53(C-5),56.24(-OCH3),56.30(-OCH3),72.91(C-4),83.58(C-2),84.84(C-6),107.99(C-2′),108.31(C-2″),114.63(C-5′),114.92(C-5″),118.22(C-6′),118.61(C-6″),131.30(C-1′),132.50(C-1″),145.53(C-4′),146.26(C-4″),146.93(C-3′),147.14(C-3″),177.19(C-8).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为4-oxopinoresinol。
化合物12:黄色无定型粉末,易溶于甲醇。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:8.08(1H,d,J=7.43Hz,H-4),7.96(1H,s,H-2),7.45(1H,d,J=7.58Hz,H-7),7.19(2H,m,H-5,H-6).13C-NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ:108.87(C-3),113.03(C-7),122.17(C-5),122.53(C-4),123.73(C-6),127.70(C-9),133.55(C-2),138.34(C-8),169.44(C-10).与文献报道一致,故鉴定此化合物为3-吲哚-甲酸。
本发明的豆腐柴提取方法,通过各种色谱分离方法的反复联合使用,、从乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取部位分离得到12个化合物,其中化合物1-8,10-12为首次从此植物中分离得到,为豆腐柴的药理活性研究提供了基础。
本文虽然已经给出了本发明的一些实施例,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明精神的情况下,可以对本文的实施例进行改变。上述实施例只是示例性的,不应以本文的实施例作为本发明权利范围的限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
取豆腐柴干燥叶粉碎后,用95%乙醇热提取四次,浓缩得到浸膏;
取浸膏用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,得到氯仿萃取物;
取氯仿萃取物用石油醚∶丙酮=6∶1分离纯化得到混合物1,石油醚∶丙酮=3∶1分离纯化得到混合物2;
取混合物1分离纯化得到化合物1、化合物2、化合物3、化合物4、化合物5、化合物6、化合物7、化合物8;
取混合物2分离纯化的得到化合物化合物9、化合物10、化合物11、化合物12;
所述化合物结构如下
2.如权利要求1所述的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述混合物1用90%甲醇溶解,以15%-90%甲醇为流动相,MCI GEL色谱柱进行分离,得到溶液A、溶液B、溶液C、溶液D、溶液E、溶液F。
3.如权利要求1所述的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述溶液B经SephadexLH-20分离纯化得到化合物8。
4.如权利要求1所述的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述溶液C经SephadexLH-20、CHCl3∶CH3OH=80∶1分离纯化得到化合物1、化合物6和化合物7。
5.如权利要求1所述的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述溶液D经SephadexLH-20、CHCl3∶CH3OH=60∶1分离,得到化合物2和化合物3。
6.如权利要求1所述的豆腐柴中化合物的提取方法,其特征在于,所述溶液E经CHCl3∶CH3OH=30∶1分离得到化合物4和化合物5。
7.一种豆腐柴提取物,其特征在于,用如权利要求1所述的方法得到。
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