CN104782388A - Hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method - Google Patents
Hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782388A CN104782388A CN201510128928.2A CN201510128928A CN104782388A CN 104782388 A CN104782388 A CN 104782388A CN 201510128928 A CN201510128928 A CN 201510128928A CN 104782388 A CN104782388 A CN 104782388A
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Abstract
The invention provides a hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method. Mushroom feet are applied to the hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation technology. Compared with the prior art, the hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method has the advantages that mushroom foot soaking materials and cultivation raw materials are blended for piling fermentation, beneficial microorganism reproduction is promoted, microorganism florae in the materials are improved, and catalytic decomposition of the cultivation materials is accelerated; fermented cultivation materials have high-activity beneficial bacteria and active metabolites of the high-activity beneficial bacteria, the high-activity beneficial bacteria and the active metabolites of the high-activity beneficial bacteria have an effect of promoting growth of hypsizygus marmoreus hyphae, and it is showed that hypha growth vigor is strong and the capacity for resisting other bacteria is high; after the first generation of damp mushrooms and the second generation of damp mushrooms are harvested, mushroom foot lixivia have a good hypha rejuvenation effect and have an effect of promoting hypsizygus marmoreus primordium formation and sporocarp growth, and the biotransformation rate of the second generation of damp mushrooms and the third generation of damp mushrooms is high; resources such as manpower and coal are saved, environmental pollution is reduced, and the low-carbon and environment-friendly concept is achieved.
Description
Technical field
A kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method of the present invention, is mushroom tang is applied to the technology in hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Hypsizygus marmoreus, have another name called true Ji mushroom, beautiful gill fungus, false matsutake, its meat is tender and crisp, and having unique delicate flavour, is a kind of Rare edible fungus, often it and precious matsutake is mentioned in the same breath, the extremely favor of domestic and international market Japanese people.
The traditional cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus is that grog bag (bottle) is planted, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes biological transformation ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention's mushroom tang soaks expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the hypsizygus marmoreus quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: bagasse 74-80%, soya-bean cake 13-15%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 3-4%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter; Described bagasse powder is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, superphosphate, gypsum is added during second time turning, turning 3-4 time altogether, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the first damp mushroom, the second damp mushroom are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 6-8kg, with rejuvenation mycelia; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, soak with mushroom tang and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of hypsizygus marmoreus mycelia;
3., after the first damp mushroom, the second damp mushroom are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of the former base of hypsizygus marmoreus and the growth of fruit body, the biological transformation ratio of second and third damp mushroom is high;
4. save the fuel needed for high-temperature sterilization, saved the energy, eliminate the drawback increasing CO2 emission in traditional Edible Fungi.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 77%, soya-bean cake 14%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 3.5%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first bagasse, soya-bean cake siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes mushroom tang leachate uniformly in compound together with mushroom stems slag, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add superphosphate, gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 6kg; After having adopted the second damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.018g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 8kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of second and third damp mushroom reaches 60.1%, and total biological efficiency reaches 100.3%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 77%, soya-bean cake 14%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 3.5%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first bagasse, soya-bean cake siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes mushroom tang leachate uniformly in compound together with mushroom stems slag, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add superphosphate, gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg; After having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 8kg, the biological efficiency of second and third damp mushroom has been 48.5%, and total biological efficiency is 88.7%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 77%, soya-bean cake 14%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 3.5%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first bagasse, soya-bean cake siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes the leachate after removing slag uniformly in compound, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add superphosphate, gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 6kg; After having adopted the second damp mushroom, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.018g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 8kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, fruiting is effective, and the biological efficiency of second and third damp mushroom reaches 56.7%, and total biological efficiency reaches 96.1%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: bagasse 77%, soya-bean cake 14%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 3.5%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter;
2. mushroom tang soaks: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soaks 18h-24h at normal temperatures;
3. spice: first bagasse, soya-bean cake siccative are mixed thoroughly, then admixes the leachate after removing slag uniformly in compound, fully mixes thoroughly;
4. ferment: stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
5. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, during second time turning, add superphosphate, gypsum, turning 3 times altogether, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
6. management of producing mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg; After having adopted the second damp mushroom, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 8kg, the biological efficiency of second and third damp mushroom has been 46.8%, and total biological efficiency is 86.2%.
table one hypsizygus marmoreus biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of hypsizygus marmoreus mycelia, and second and third damp mushroom biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, sends out bacterium, earthing, management of producing mushroom, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: bagasse 74-80%, soya-bean cake 13-15%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 3-4%, superphosphate 1%, gypsum 1% is all the quality of dry matter; Described bagasse powder is broken into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in bagasse, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation, after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during first time turning, add lime, superphosphate, gypsum is added during second time turning, turning 3-4 time altogether, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%, the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly made the bed, is sowed and send out bacterium, when mycelia covers with the bed of material, cover the loam that 1-2cm is thick, enter mycelia After-mature cultivation and management of producing mushroom;
(3) management of producing mushroom: after the first damp mushroom, the second damp mushroom are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, sprays the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml comprehensively in mushroom bed, every square metre is sprayed 6-8kg; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 孟庆国: "蟹味菇高产高效栽培技术", 《西北园艺》 * |
| 李艳莉等: "无公害高温双孢菇生产栽培技术规程", 《中国果菜》 * |
| 王志强: "真姬菇高产优质栽培技术", 《食用菌》 * |
| 王谦等: "以香菇柄为主料固态发酵茯苓菌", 《食品科技》 * |
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Application publication date: 20150722 |