CN104779442B - Electronic control beam scanning reflection array antenna and beam scanning method thereof - Google Patents
Electronic control beam scanning reflection array antenna and beam scanning method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104779442B CN104779442B CN201510200825.2A CN201510200825A CN104779442B CN 104779442 B CN104779442 B CN 104779442B CN 201510200825 A CN201510200825 A CN 201510200825A CN 104779442 B CN104779442 B CN 104779442B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic control beam scanning reflection array antenna and a beam scanning method thereof. The antenna is low in cost and loss and simple in structure. The antenna is characterized in that two initial feed sources are adopted in the antenna to perform irradiation excitation on a reflective array plane, and the excitation amplitude ratio of the feed source 1 to the feed source 2 is changed to change the phase value distribution of a total incident field in the array plane so that electronic control beam scanning can be achieved. The antenna is simple in structure and does not need extra biasing circuits, so that machining is convenient, and stability is high. High-gain beam scanning can be achieved just through the two initial feed sources without extra T/R modules, so that the manufacturing cost is effectively lowered. The antenna is suitable for microwave or millimeter wave or terahertz frequency bands and can be used in wireless communication and radar systems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology, Radar Technology, technical field of imaging, and in particular to one kind can be reduced into effectively
This automatically controlled beam scanning array antenna and its beam sweeping method.
Background technology
Array antenna with beam scanning plays the part of this all the more in modern wireless communication technique, radar system and imaging field
Important role.Traditional phased array antenna can be utilized to the amplitude of unit in array and being controlled for phase place independence,
The figuration for carrying out wave beam and scanning such that it is able to fast and flexible, with unique advantages such as multiple target search, two-forty tracking,
There is consequence in field.But for a large amount of cellular arrays, being necessarily required to substantial amounts of transmitting-receiving subassembly and complexity
Feeding network, it means that expensive cost of manufacture, clumsy weight and high loss.These shortcomings make its often army of being confined to
Thing field, and be seldom related in civil area.
Plane reflection array antenna is arisen at the historic moment on this basis, and its primary structure is humorous by Feed and loading a large amount of cycles
Shake unit plane front composition.Its operation principle can description below：Feed carries out space electricity-feeding to front, by control
The size or the anglec of rotation of each unit can control the electric field phase value of its reflection, when making up Feed and being irradiated on front
Phase difference caused by different wave path-differences, so as to realize the focusing of wave beam in the direction indicated.Plane reflection array antenna has structure
Simply, traditional phased array antenna has been replaced in some fields the features such as easy processing, low-loss, low cost.But realizing that wave beam sweeps
Retouch in this difficult point, domestic and international scientific research institution has put into substantial amounts of resource and it is studied, but the not breakthrough of conspicuousness.
Nineteen ninety-five, J.Huang et al. are proposed adopt micro-architecture to adjust the anglec of rotation of radiation patch with reality first
The change of existing front phase place, realizes the scanning of wave beam, but the method need to be controlled with machinery, therefore its beam scanning reaction speed
Slowly it is clumsy.2006, M.R.Chaharmir et al. proposed a kind of light-operated electric scanning reflective array antenna, by controlling each list
Carrier concentration during the power of corresponding light source is to control semiconductor behind unit, so as to change the reflected phase value of unit, but its
Control unit processing request is high, and dielectric material is expensive, limits its application the shortcomings of phase value is not accurate enough.
With the fast development of semiconductor technology, high performance varactor, MEMS etc. are gradually employed and adjust anti-
Penetrate array element to design to realize the regulation of phase place.2010, L.Boccia etc. proposed rectangular patch unit loading variable capacitance
Method realizes beam scanning, and the phase characteristic to unit and loss compare the analysis of system.But unit phase-shift phase is not
360 degree of foot, the high loss of the internal resistance of varactor in high-frequency work and is effectively solved so that array efficiency
Low, beam position deviates, and each unit is required for extra biasing circuit to enter the control of line phase to it, thus increases array
Complexity.
2010, S.R.Rengarajan devised the scanning by changing the position of Feed to realize wave beam, but
It needs mechanically to control the position for moving feed, therefore necessarily causes stability to decline, and performance cannot be with automatically controlled ripple
Beam scanning antenna is compared.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of inexpensive, low-loss automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna.The antenna tool
The characteristics of having simple structure, little and low processing and fabricating cost be lost.The present invention can be used for avoiding transmission network in traditional phased array
The loss that network brings, also can reduce in traditional phased array antenna because of high cost caused by expensive T/R components institute.
The present invention is specifically adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna, its structure includes as shown in Figure 1, 2, mainly the first feed 103, second
Feed 104 and reflective array, the reflective array include dielectric layer 102, the grounding plate 105 positioned at the lower surface of dielectric layer 102 and
Positioned at the reflection front being made up of multiple reflector elements 101 of the upper surface of dielectric layer 102 arrangement；By controlling the first feed 103
Excitation amplitude A1With excitation amplitude A of the second feed 1042Ratio be that excitation amplitude compares A1/A2, described two feedbacks can be changed
The total electric field that source is formed returns the phase delay penetrated on front described in reaching, so as to control the beam scanning angle of the reflection front
Degree；The shape of the plurality of reflector element is consistent, size is different, by adjust the size of each reflector element can compensate for it is whole anti-
The phase delay of front is penetrated, the focusing of the reflection front wave beam is realized.
Further, the shape of the reflector element can be rectangle, square, circular, triangle；Neighboring reflection unit
Corresponding 1/2nd waveguide wavelength of frequency centered on center distance.
The present invention also provides a kind of beam sweeping method for realizing above-mentioned automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna, including following
Step：
Step 1. by reflect front multiple reflector elements 101 by row be grouped, per a line with first feed
103 is parallel with the line of centres of the second feed 104, as shown in Figure 2；
A line reflector element is chosen in multigroup reflector element that step 2. is divided from step 1 and is designated as reflector element group S=
[S1..., Si...], wherein SiIt is i-th reflector element of the row, makes the row near the reflector element S of the one end of the first feed 1031
Center be co-ordinate zero point and point to the row other end reflector element build x coordinate axle；
Step 3. is calculated respectively the phase value of each unit in reflector element group S by following three kinds of feeding classifications：
Entirely reflection front feeds (1) first feed 103 pairs, and the second feed 104 does not feed；
Entirely reflection front feeds (2) second feeds 104 pairs, and the first feed 103 does not feed；
(3) first feeds 103 feed with the grade magnitude excitation of the second feed 104 to whole reflection front；
The phase value of i-th unitCalculate especially by below equation：
Wherein, m1And m2The respectively level of drive of the first feed 103 and the second feed 104, k is the ripple under operating frequency
Long number；r1iFor the distance of the unit of the first feed 103 to i-th；r2iFor the distance of the unit of the second feed 104 to i-th；
With phase value as y-axis, with reference to step 2 gained x-axis x-o-y planes are built；For above-mentioned each feeding classification,
One group of discrete point is had in the x-o-y planes, these discrete point fittings can be obtained into the phase place point of full line reflector element group S
Cloth curve；Thus, reflector element group S corresponding three phase distributions curve y under three kinds of feeding classifications can be obtained1=f1
(x)、y2=f2(x)、y3=f3(x), as shown in Figure 6；With the phase distribution equation y obtained by the first feeding classification1=f1X () is
Remaining two curves are done following processing to obtain two new phase place change curve Δ y by datum curve2、Δy3, as shown in Figure 4：Δ
y2=f2(x)–f1(x), Δ y3=f3(x)–f1(x)；Equation Δ y2And Δ y3Straight line is, the slope both it is respectively k2、
k3, as shown in fig. 7, the velocity of wave of the reflective array antenna is swept under can trying to achieve above-mentioned (2), (3) two kinds of feeding classifications according to below equation
Retouch angle, θ2、θ3：
Δy2=k2sinθ2,Δy3=k3sinθ3 (2)
Thus obtain the reflective array antenna can scanning angle scope be 0～θ2；
Step 4. presses step 3 methods described, except the first feed 103 corresponding to three kinds of feeding classifications described in step 3 and the
The excitation amplitude of two feeds 104 than outer, in the case of other excitation amplitude ratios, i.e. the first feed 103 and the second feed 104 with
Different excitation amplitudes, can be by said method with equation y simultaneously to reflecting during front feed1=f1X curve obtains phase on the basis of ()
Position change curve Δ y, finally obtains in current excitations Amplitude Ration A1/A2When the reflective array antenna beam-scanning angles；
Thus, by step 3 methods described by discrete calculation and curve matching, the wave beam that can obtain the reflective array antenna is swept
Retouch angle, θ and the first feed 103, the excitation amplitude of the second feed 104 compare A1/A2Between corresponding relation curve；
The beam-scanning angles θ that step 5. is wanted needed for practical applicationt, the corresponding relation song as obtained by step 4
Line finds out its corresponding excitation amplitude ratio, thus adjusts the excitation amplitude of the first feed 103 and the second feed 104, you can realize
The specified angle beam scanning of the reflective array antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
Automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to process, can be used for microwave, millimeter
Each frequency range such as ripple, Terahertz.The beam scanning antennas without the need for complicated feeding network, so as to be effectively reduced loss.Should
Beam scanning antennas effectively raise its stability without the need for active devices such as extra biasing circuits and varactor.Should
Beam scanning antennas only need two Feed that the beam scanning of high-gain, nothing are capable of achieving as initial source irradiated plane array
The T/R components of additional expensive are needed, its cost of manufacture is effectively reduced.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is beam scanning array antenna overall schematic in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the reflective array schematic top plan view of beam scanning array antenna of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is beam scanning array antenna front view in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the adoptable reflective array cellular construction of implementation process in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the adoptable reflective array cellular construction side view of implementation process in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the change curve of the electric field phase with excitation amplitude of certain a line on front in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the phase place change curve of different excitation states in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the emulation E faces directional diagram of embodiment of the present invention array.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are beam scanning reflective array antenna overall schematic of the present invention, and initial two feeds 103,104 are poised for battle
Face 102 is irradiated, and planar array 102 is constituted to make up space quadrature by many various sizes of microstrip elements 101, so as to
Realize the focusing of wave beam.Phase distribution on front is formed by stacking by 103,104 electric fields for producing, and can pass through to change feed 103,
104 excitation amplitude ratio so as to change the phase distribution on front, so as to realize the scanning of wave beam.This is embodied as example,
Front unit number is 3 × 10.
Fig. 3 is the side view that the present invention is embodied as example array antenna, and length DX along the x-axis direction of front 201 is
120mm, the position of feed 103 is x=48mm, z=120mm, y=0mm；The position of feed 104 be x=72mm, z=120mm,
Y=0mm.By the different excitation amplitudes of two feeds than combination, it is capable of achieving from wave beam 204 to the scanning of wave beam 205.r1iFor feedback
Distance of the source 103 to i-th unit in front 201；r2iFor the distance of i-th unit in feed 104 to front 201.Both
Phase distribution of the incident total electric field on front 201 is together decided on, it can be tried to achieve by following formula：
Wherein, m1And m2The respectively level of drive of the first feed 103 and the second feed 104, k is the ripple under operating frequency
Long number.
Fig. 4,5 are microstrip reflective array cellular construction top view and the side view for being embodied as being adopted in example, and its reflection is single
First Unit 101 are square, and the center distance of two neighboring reflector element is dx=dy=12mm, and material is the gold for covering copper
Category；The dielectric constant of dielectric layer 102 is 2.2, and thickness is 3mm；The back side is the ground metal layer 105 for covering copper；The reflector element
Overall structure is simple, easy to process, low manufacture cost.
Fig. 6 is to be embodied as in example three kinds of different excitation amplitudes than under state, what front was gone up along the x-axis direction enters radio
Field phase is distributed.Curve y1 is encouraged for feed 103, and feed 104 does not encourage the total electric field phase distribution curve on lower front；Curve
Y2 is the total electric field phase distribution curve under feed 103 and the constant amplitude common activation of feed 104 on front；Curve y3 is feed 104
Excitation, feed 103 does not encourage the total electric field phase distribution curve on lower front.As excitation amplitude is than the change of state, front
Phase curve also there occurs change, both be capable of achieving the scanning of wave beam.Here it is original state to select curve y1, then by front
Upper various sizes of radiation patch unit carries out corresponding phase compensation, realizes that wave beam, in assigned direction in-phase stacking, finally leads to
Cross the scanning that change state realizes wave beam.
Fig. 7 is the relative value under being embodied as in example on the basis of curve in Fig. 61, under three kinds of states respectively therewith.From
It can be seen that they have good linear in figure, and there are respectively three kinds of different slopes, both represented three kinds and different swept
Horn shape state is retouched, by array theory formula, it is respectively 0 degree, 6 degree, 12 degree.Fig. 7 becomes apparent from clear illustrating the program
Feasibility.
Fig. 8 is the emulation directional diagram of the present embodiment array antenna, and its operating frequency is 12.5GHz, and beam scanning scope is 0
Spend to 12 degree, the gain under its three kinds of states is 18.9dBi, 18.9dBi, 18.9dBi.Simulation result is good with theoretical calculation
It is good.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna, mainly includes the first feed (103), the second feed (104) and reflective array,
The reflective array includes dielectric layer (102), the grounding plate (105) positioned at dielectric layer (102) lower surface and positioned at dielectric layer
(102) the reflection front being made up of multiple reflector elements (101) of upper surface arrangement, the shape of the plurality of reflector element (101)
Shape is consistent, size is different, can compensate for entirely reflecting the phase delay of front by adjusting the size of each reflector element (101),
Realize the focusing of the reflection front wave beam, it is characterised in that by excitation amplitude A for controlling the first feed (103)1With second
Excitation amplitude A of feed (104)2Ratio be that excitation amplitude compares A1/A2, the total electric field that described two feeds are formed can be changed and arrived
Up to the phase delay returned and penetrate on front, so as to control the beam-scanning angles of the reflection front.
2. automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reflector element (101)
The one kind being shaped as in rectangle, circle, triangle.
3. automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reflector element (101)
Be shaped as square, corresponding 1/2nd waveguide wavelength of frequency centered on the center distance of neighboring reflection unit.
4. automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the dielectric layer (102)
Dielectric constant is 2.2, and thickness is 3mm.
5. a kind of beam sweeping method of the automatically controlled beam scanning reflective array antenna for described in claim 1, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1. by reflect front multiple reflector elements (101) by row be grouped, per a line with first feed
(103) it is parallel with the line of centres of the second feed (104)；
A line reflector element is chosen in multigroup reflector element that step 2. is divided from step 1 and is designated as reflector element group S=[S1...,
Si...], wherein SiIt is i-th reflector element of the row, makes the row near the reflector element S of the first feed (103) one end1Center
For co-ordinate zero point and point to the row other end and build x coordinate axle；
Step 3. is calculated respectively the phase value of each unit in reflector element group S by following three kinds of feeding classifications：
(1) first feed (103) feeds to whole reflection front, and the second feed (104) does not feed；
(2) second feeds (104) feed to whole reflection front, and the first feed (103) does not feed；
The magnitude excitations such as (3) first feeds (103) and the second feed (104) feed to whole reflection front；
The phase value φ of i-th unitiCalculate especially by below equation：
Wherein, m1And m2The level of drive of respectively the first feed (103) and the second feed (104), k is the ripple under operating frequency
Long number；r1iFor the distance of the first feed (103) to i-th unit；r2iFor the distance of the second feed (104) to i-th unit；
With phase value as y-axis, with reference to step 2 gained x-axis x-o-y planes are built；For each feeding classification, in the x-o-
One group of discrete point is had on y plane, these discrete point fittings can be obtained into the phase distribution curve of full line reflector element group S；
Thus, reflector element group S corresponding three phase distributions curve y under three kinds of feeding classifications can be obtained1=f1(x)、y2=
f2(x)、y3=f3(x)；With the phase distribution equation y obtained by the first feeding classification1=f1Curve on the basis of (x), to remaining two
Bar curve does and following processes to obtain two new phase place change curve Δ y2、Δy3：Δy2=f2(x)–f1(x), Δ y3=f3(x)–f1
(x)；Equation Δ y2And Δ y3Straight line is, the slope both it is respectively k2、k3, according to below equation can try to achieve above-mentioned (2),
Velocity of wave scanning angle θ of the reflective array antenna under (3) two kinds of feeding classifications2、θ3：
Δy2=k2sinθ2,Δy3=k3sinθ3
Thus obtain the reflective array antenna can scanning angle scope be 0～θ2；
Step 4. presses step 3 methods described, except the first feed (103) and second corresponding to three kinds of feeding classifications described in step 3
The excitation amplitude of feed (104) than outer, in the case of other excitation amplitude ratios, i.e. the first feed (103) and the second feed
(104) with different excitation amplitudes simultaneously to reflecting during front feed, can be by said method with equation y1=f1On the basis of (x)
Curve obtains phase place change curve Δ y, finally obtains in current excitations Amplitude Ration A1/A2When the reflective array antenna beam scanning angle
Degree；
Thus, the beam scanning angle of the reflective array antenna can be obtained by discrete calculation and curve matching by step 3 methods described
Degree θ compares A with excitation amplitude1/A2Between corresponding relation curve；
The beam-scanning angles θ that step 5. is wanted needed for practical applicationt, the corresponding relation curve as obtained by step 4 finds out
Its corresponding excitation amplitude ratio, thus adjusts the excitation amplitude of the first feed (103) and the second feed (104), you can realize institute
State the specified angle beam scanning of reflective array antenna.
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| CN106941213B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2021-10-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Scanning antenna |
| CN105811117B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-03-12 | 东南大学 | Surpass the multiple radiation on surface and the design method of polarization regulation based on anisotropy |
| CN106129634B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-09-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of gain optimization method of the difunctional holographic reflections array antenna based on Array Method |
| CN106410424A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-02-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军军官学院 | Millimeter wave phased array antenna and antenna device |
| CN108964723A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-12-07 | 索尼公司 | Electronic equipment and communication means |
| CN107819202A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Beam scanning reflecting antenna array and beam sweeping method based on graphene |
| US11085996B2 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-08-10 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Beam scanning apparatus and optical apparatus including the same |
| CN109557043B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-03-27 | 昆山普尚电子科技有限公司 | System and method for detecting electromagnetic characteristics of object by using terahertz electromagnetic wave |
| CN109856633B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-10-10 | 重庆大学 | Modularized foundation slope radar monitoring system |
| CN111463574A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Two-dimensional scanning reflective array |
| CN111900550B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-05-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Impedance and phase dual-modulation fused dual-source super-surface high-directivity antenna |
| CN114156662A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for controlling polarization direction of antenna and antenna system |
| CN112350073B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-11-26 | 北京理工大学 | Ultra-large-diameter reflecting antenna based on secondary mirror array |
| CN112838884B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-02-18 | 华中科技大学 | Method and system for calculating reflection coefficient of intelligent super surface |
| CN114899607B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2024-08-06 | 重庆大学 | Method for realizing antenna array beam forming by utilizing amplitude regulation and control and antenna array |
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| CN103646151A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-03-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for designing plane reflection array antenna |
| CN104022363A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-09-03 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency-controlled beam/focus scanning plane reflection array/reflector |
| CN104269651A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-07 | 电子科技大学 | Reflection array antenna for co-frequency co-time full duplex system |
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| TWM255524U (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2005-01-11 | Tatung Co | Structure of laminated microstrip reflecting-array antenna |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103646151A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-03-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for designing plane reflection array antenna |
| CN104022363A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2014-09-03 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency-controlled beam/focus scanning plane reflection array/reflector |
| CN104269651A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-07 | 电子科技大学 | Reflection array antenna for co-frequency co-time full duplex system |
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