CN109088174B - Single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna - Google Patents
Single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109088174B CN109088174B CN201810765583.5A CN201810765583A CN109088174B CN 109088174 B CN109088174 B CN 109088174B CN 201810765583 A CN201810765583 A CN 201810765583A CN 109088174 B CN109088174 B CN 109088174B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on a reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology, which comprises: a feed source and an array of a plurality of bi-directional phased radiating elements; the feed source is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves; the two-way phase control radiation unit is used for modulating the phase of the reflected wave and the phase of the transmitted wave. The bidirectional phase control radiation unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric plate and a direct current bias circuit layer from top to bottom, wherein the metal layer is provided with a digital control device, and the direct current bias circuit layer is used for providing working voltage for the digital control device and controlling the working state of the digital control device. The reflection and transmission polarization directions of the bidirectional phase control radiation unit are the same and are orthogonal to the polarization direction of the feed source, and in the transmission propagation direction of the array surface, the transmission electromagnetic wave of the antenna and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave of the array surface incident by the feed source are isolated in an orthogonal mode, and the phase control function is realized by adopting cross polarization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on a reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology.
Background
The reconfigurable reflection array and the reconfigurable transmission array are usually applied to beam scanning and beam forming, and have the advantages of flexible beam scanning, various directional diagrams and the like. However, these conventional design methods have the disadvantages of large and thick dielectric layers, high cost, complex structure, etc.
On the other hand, for the reconfigurable reflective array and the reconfigurable transmissive array, the beam scanning direction is limited to the half plane. For example, the beam scanning direction of the reconfigurable reflection array is a semi-plane of the reflection direction relative to the incident direction of the feed source; the wave beam scanning direction of the reconfigurable transmission array is relative to the incident direction of the feed source and is a semi-plane of the transmission direction; the prior art fails to realize an antenna capable of bidirectional electrically controlled beam scanning on a thin single-layer medium.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on a reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology, comprising:
a feed source and an array of a plurality of bi-directional phased radiating elements; the feed source is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves; the two-way phase control radiation unit is used for modulating the phase of the reflected wave and the phase of the transmitted wave.
The bidirectional phase control radiation unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric plate and a direct current bias circuit layer from top to bottom, wherein the metal layer is provided with a digital control device, and the direct current bias circuit layer is used for providing working voltage for the digital control device and controlling the working state of the digital control device.
The metal layer is printed with a circuit pattern for reflection and transmission, and the shape of the circuit pattern comprises: circular ring groove, square ring groove.
The bidirectional phase control radiation unit is composed of a digital control device and a radiation unit, the digital control device is used for controlling the reflection and transmission phases of the unit, and the bidirectional phase control radiation unit is used for reflecting and transmitting electromagnetic waves.
The feed source comprises: horn antenna, microstrip antenna array.
The reflection and transmission polarization directions of the bidirectional phase control radiation unit are the same and are orthogonal to the polarization direction of the feed source, and in the transmission propagation direction of the array surface, the transmission electromagnetic wave of the antenna and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave of the array surface incident by the feed source are isolated in an orthogonal mode, and the phase control function is realized by adopting cross polarization.
When the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source irradiates the array consisting of the two-way phase control radiation units, the antenna works in a reflection working state and a transmission working state simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the unit array is integrated on a single-layer medium, and has the advantages of light weight, extremely low profile, light weight, easy conformation, simple structure, low cost and the like;
(2) the digital control device is used for simultaneously adjusting the reflection phase and the transmission phase of each radiation unit, the horn feed source is adopted to irradiate the whole surface from the space, and the phase of each unit on the surface is adjusted in a digital control mode, so that a dynamic scanning beam, a agile beam or a multi-beam focused by high gain is obtained, the feed loss is small, the beam scanning angle is large, the omni-directional beam coverage, the reflection and transmission integration are realized, the beam scanning speed of the antenna utilization rate is increased, and the array scale expansibility is strong;
(3) the reconfigurable reflection array and the reconfigurable transmission array are combined, the defects are improved, the beams can be scanned on the front plane and the rear plane simultaneously, the reconfigurable reflection array and the reconfigurable transmission array have the characteristics of low cost and simple structure, the reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology-based antenna is the first international antenna for realizing bidirectional electronic control beam scanning on a thin single-layer medium, and the technical blind spots in the academic and industrial fields are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer reflection/transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on a reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic diagrams of a phase modulation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams of a front and a back of an array of cells according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are enlarged front and back views of a cell array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a full-wave simulation result of a reflection and transmission 0 ° beam formed when the polarization direction of the feed source is y-direction polarization in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a full-wave simulation result of reflected and transmitted beams of 30 ° formed when the polarization direction of the feed source is y-direction polarization in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a full-wave simulation result of reflected and transmitted 50 ° beams formed when the polarization direction of the feed source is y-direction polarization in the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A single layer reflective, transmissive, bi-directional radiation beam scanning antenna based on reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology, comprising:
a feed source and an array of a plurality of bi-directional phased radiating elements; the feed source is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves; the two-way phase control radiation unit is used for modulating the phase of the reflected wave and the phase of the transmitted wave.
The bidirectional phase control radiation unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric plate and a direct current bias circuit layer from top to bottom, wherein the metal layer is provided with a digital control device, and the direct current bias circuit layer is used for providing working voltage for the digital control device and controlling the working state of the digital control device.
The metal layer is printed with a circuit pattern for reflection and transmission, and the shape of the circuit pattern comprises: circular ring groove, square ring groove.
The bidirectional phase control radiation unit is composed of a digital control device and a radiation unit, the digital control device is used for controlling the reflection and transmission phases of the unit, and the bidirectional phase control radiation unit is used for reflecting and transmitting electromagnetic waves.
The feed source comprises: horn antenna, microstrip antenna array.
The reflection and transmission polarization directions of the bidirectional phase control radiation unit are the same and are orthogonal to the polarization direction of the feed source, and in the transmission propagation direction of the array surface, the transmission electromagnetic wave of the antenna and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave of the array surface incident by the feed source are isolated in an orthogonal mode, and the phase control function is realized by adopting cross polarization.
When the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source irradiates the array consisting of the two-way phase control radiation units, the antenna works in a reflection working state and a transmission working state simultaneously.
In one embodiment of the invention, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-layer reflection/transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology, and the antenna comprises a feed source 1 and a single-layer medium 2. Wherein the feed source 1 is used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
Specifically, the feed source 1 may adopt two forms of positive feed and offset feed, and the schematic diagram of fig. 1 is a positive feed form. Firstly, the position of a feed source, the size of a physical aperture of a reflective array and the emergent direction of a main beam need to be determined. With the typical feed location being optimized for maximum antenna efficiency.
The single-layer dielectric sheet 2 has a thin physical thickness, and in the full-wave simulation process, the thickness is 0.02 lambda, and lambda is the free space wavelength corresponding to the working frequency.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the feed source 1 uses a feed source antenna of a conventional parabolic antenna as a feed source, specifically: the polarization form of the pyramidal horn, the circular horn or the corrugated horn antenna is y-direction linear polarization.
Fig. 2a, 2b show a phase modulation unit used in an embodiment of the invention, with a circular slot 3 for loading two PIN diodes on the front side and wiring 4 on the back side.
Fig. 3a and 3b are schematic diagrams of AutoCAD for machining and simulation generated when phase modulation units shown in fig. 2a and 2b are used for arraying, in which fig. 4a and 4b are partial enlargements of fig. 3a and 3b, according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4a, 4b, the cells are arranged quasi-periodically.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric plate is Arlon 880, and the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, but the dielectric plate is not limited to a plate material with the electromagnetic parameter, and may be a dielectric plate with other electromagnetic parameters.
The dielectric plate can be selected to be very thin or even have no dielectric, but the thickness of the plate is selected to be 0.02 wavelength considering that the loaded PIN diode needs to be supported by the dielectric plate with certain hardness.
In one embodiment of the invention, the antenna operates in a C frequency band, and the antenna comprises 16 multiplied by 16 phase-controlled radiating units and operates at 5.35 GHz. Due to the strong array scale expansibility, the design can also be extended to other antenna aperture sizes and frequency bands.
The number of the digital control devices in the bidirectional phase control radiation unit can be one or a plurality of, and the digital control devices include PIN diodes, variable capacitance diodes and MEMS diodes. Each cell in this example is loaded with 2 PIN diodes from, but not limited to, MADP-000907-. The working state comprises: and (6) conducting and stopping. Two PIN diodes are loaded on each radiating unit, the anode of one PIN is connected with the cathode of the other PIN, when a positive voltage is given between the two PIN diodes, one PIN is in a conducting state, the other PIN is in a stopping state, when a negative voltage is given, the conducting state is switched to the stopping state, and the stopping state is switched to the conducting state, so that an equivalent circuit of the whole unit is correspondingly changed, under the loading of two different bias voltages, the reflection and transmission radiation phases of the unit are simultaneously changed by 180 degrees, therefore, a digital phase control device on each radiating unit can realize independent regulation, the unit has the function of discrete phase regulation, the bias voltage of each radiating unit on an antenna surface is regulated, and the functions of quick beam switching, beam shaping and the like can be realized.
Fig. 5, 6 and 7 show the results of full wave simulations of the resulting reflected and transmitted beam sweeps of 0 °, 30 ° and 50 ° when the array shown in fig. 3a and 3b is illuminated by a feed polarized in the y-direction.
To verify the correctness of the above design, we processed a prototype with a center frequency of 5.35GHz and 0.4 m. The single-layer dielectric sheet 2 is formed by processing an Arlon 880 dielectric sheet with the physical thickness of 0.5mm, and 512 PIN diodes are welded on the dielectric sheet in the later stage.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna based on a reconfigurable electromagnetic surface technology is characterized by comprising:
a feed source and an array of a plurality of bi-directional phased radiating elements; the feed source is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves; the bidirectional phase control radiation unit is used for modulating the phase of the reflected wave and the phase of the transmitted wave;
the bidirectional phase control radiation unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric plate and a direct current bias circuit layer from top to bottom, wherein the metal layer is provided with a digital control device, and the direct current bias circuit layer is used for providing working voltage for the digital control device and controlling the working state of the digital control device;
the reflection and transmission polarization directions of the bidirectional phase control radiation unit are the same and are orthogonal to the polarization direction of the feed source, in the transmission propagation direction of the array surface, the transmission electromagnetic wave of the antenna and the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave of the feed source incident to the array surface are isolated in an orthogonal mode, and the phase control function is realized by adopting cross polarization;
the bidirectional phase control radiation unit consists of a digital control device and radiation units, the digital control device is used for controlling the reflection and transmission phases of the units, and each bidirectional phase control radiation unit can be used for reflecting and transmitting electromagnetic waves at the same time;
the metal layer is printed with a circuit pattern for reflection and transmission, and the shape of the circuit pattern comprises: a circular ring groove and a square ring groove;
the feed source comprises: horn antenna, microstrip antenna array;
when the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed source irradiates the array consisting of the two-way phase control radiation units, the same opening surface of the antenna can work in a reflection type working state and a transmission type working state simultaneously.
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| CN201810765583.5A CN109088174B (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Single-layer reflection and transmission bidirectional radiation beam scanning antenna |
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| CN111262028B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-03-16 | 重庆邮电大学 | Novel transmission-type phased array antenna based on improved L-shaped probe feed structure |
| CN112558064B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-12 | 北京理工大学 | Three-dimensional imaging system based on reconfigurable electromagnetic surface array |
| CN112864595B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-03-29 | 中山大学 | Transmission-type electromagnetic surface unit and stacked array structure |
| CN113809549B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-09-08 | 重庆邮电大学 | 2-bit electromagnetic surface unit based on two-layer cascade phase control technology |
| CN113782980B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Adjustable electromagnetic array element and intelligent surface |
| WO2023221146A1 (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-23 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Phase shift unit, antenna module, and mobile terminal |
| CN115395242B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-10-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Three-dimensional common-caliber multi-frequency co-polarization transflective array antenna |
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| CN106876982B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2021-08-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Supersurface for improving performance of multi-antenna system and multi-antenna system using same |
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