CN110854547B - Array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna - Google Patents

Array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna Download PDF

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CN110854547B
CN110854547B CN201911231429.0A CN201911231429A CN110854547B CN 110854547 B CN110854547 B CN 110854547B CN 201911231429 A CN201911231429 A CN 201911231429A CN 110854547 B CN110854547 B CN 110854547B
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feed source
subarray
array
beam scanning
feed
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CN110854547A (en
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程钰间
赵凡
姚仕森
樊勇
张波
林先其
张永鸿
赵明华
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave beam scanning antennas, and particularly provides an array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna based on topology optimization; the array feed source is divided into two or three subarray feed sources, the first subarray feed source is arranged in parallel to the focal plane of the reflecting surface, and the other subarray feed sources form included angles with the plane where the first subarray feed source is located, so that a three-dimensional array feed source is formed. The invention improves the two-dimensional array feed source of the traditional reflector antenna into the three-dimensional array feed source, overcomes the problem of limited scanning range of the traditional array feed type beam scanning reflector antenna, can effectively reduce the dynamic range of unit amplitude, and improves the realizability. Meanwhile, the invention effectively reduces the scanning loss of the antenna by optimizing the included angle between the subarray feed source and the focal plane, overcomes the problem of larger scanning loss of a large-range beam scanning antenna, and is better applied to the field of millimeter wave frequency band array feed type beam scanning reflector antennas.

Description

Array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave beam scanning antennas, and particularly relates to an array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna based on topology optimization.
Background
In a communication system, as the operating frequency is increased to a millimeter wave frequency band, a series of difficulties such as increased space loss, difficulty in obtaining a high-power source and the like are faced, so that the operating distance of the system is limited. In order to meet the requirement of long-distance communication, an antenna at the front end of the system needs to meet the characteristic of high gain; the narrower beam of the high-gain antenna faces the problem of beam alignment, and therefore, it is desirable to implement a high-gain beam scanning antenna. Compared with the traditional large-aperture flat-plate array antenna, the reflector antenna has the advantages of simple structure and high efficiency, and the high-gain scanning beam obtained by utilizing the reflector antenna is the best choice. Therefore, the array feed source is used for irradiating the reflector antenna, and high-gain beams with different directions of the reflector antenna can be realized by controlling the amplitude and phase of the feed source; the array feed source can directly affect the radiation performance of the reflector antenna, and in order to realize the large-range coverage of the secondary radiation beam, the topology of the array feed source needs to be optimized.
In recent years, various low-band array feed type beam scanning reflector antennas have been studied. A patch array fed electrically scanned reflector antenna that achieves a 7 beam scan of the reflector in this dimension with a cell pitch of 0.7 λ, 7 cell size array feed, but with a smaller scan range due to the array feed topology is disclosed in the documents "b.rohrda ntz, t.jaschke, t.reuschel, s.radzijewski, a.sieganschin, and a.f.jacob," An electronic loop with reflective antenna array active array feed at Ka-band, "IEEE trans.micro.thermal technology, vol.65, No.5, pp.1650-1661, May 2017". In addition, documents "n.h.abd Rahman, m.t.islam, n.misran, y.yamada and n.michishita," Generating contained beams for a Malaysia region by using a cosmetic local graph [ Antenna Applications corner ], "IEEE Antennas processing, mag., vol.56, No.6, pp.328-336, dec.2014" disclose a two-dimensional irregular topological array feed layout method, which improves Antenna performance to some extent, but has a large dynamic range of unit amplitudes and faces a problem of limited scanning range.
The research of the antenna works in lower frequency bands such as Ka band and X band, and for higher millimeter wave frequency bands such as W band, the unit spacing of the array feed source is as large as possible due to the limitation of the size of the transceiving component and the packaging circuit; the larger unit interval can deteriorate the radiation performance of the antenna to a certain extent; therefore, optimization needs to be performed on the topological layout of the large-unit-pitch array feed source so as to realize the array feed type beam scanning reflector antenna applied to the millimeter wave frequency band. Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides a large-unit-spacing array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna based on topology optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the beam scanning range of the array feed type reflector antenna is limited, and provides a large-unit-spacing array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna based on topology optimization, which is used for expanding the scanning range of high-gain beams and improving the scanning loss performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna is composed of a reflector and an array feed source, and is characterized in that the array feed source comprises a first subarray feed source and a second subarray feed source, wherein the first subarray feed source is located between focal planes of the reflector and is arranged in parallel to the focal plane of the reflector, and the projection from the focal point of the reflector to the first subarray feed source is coincided with the central point of the first subarray feed source; the second subarray feed source is connected with the first subarray feed source and forms an included angle theta with the plane where the first subarray feed source is located1。
The array feed source further comprises a third subarray feed source, and the third subarray feed source is connected to the first subarray feed source and is respectively positioned on two sides of the first subarray feed source together with the second subarray feed source; the third subarray feed source and the plane where the first subarray feed source is located form an included angle theta2。
Furthermore, in the array feed type wide-range beam scanning reflecting surface antenna, theta is more than 0 degree1,θ2Not more than 8 degrees, and theta1And theta2May or may not be equal.
Further, the defocus distance of the array feed source is d: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 6 lambda; the defocusing distance refers to the vertical distance from the focus of the reflecting surface to the first sub-array feed source of the array feed sources.
Furthermore, the first subarray feed source, the second subarray feed source and the third subarray feed source are combinedThe structure is the same; in the beam scanning direction, the size of the subarray feed source is n: n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, and the distance between the feed source units is S1：0.9λ≤S1Lambda is less than or equal to lambda; in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction, the size of the subarray feed source is m: m is 4 and the unit interval is S20.5 λ; λ is the working wavelength when propagating in free space; s1Representing the feed element spacing, S, in the beam scan direction2Representing the feed element spacing in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna, which is based on topology optimization and divides an array feed source into two or three sub-array feed sources, wherein the first sub-array feed source is arranged in parallel to a focal plane of a reflecting surface, and other sub-array feed sources form included angles with the plane where the first sub-array feed source is located to form a three-dimensional array feed source, and the unit spacing and the defocusing distance of the array feed source are optimized; the planar (two-dimensional) array feed source of the traditional reflector antenna is improved into the three-dimensional array feed source, parameters such as unit spacing, defocusing distance and the like are optimized, the realized array feed source overcomes the problem that the scanning range of the traditional array feed type beam scanning reflector antenna is limited, the scanning loss of the antenna is effectively reduced, the problem of large scanning loss of the large-range beam scanning antenna is solved, the unit amplitude dynamic range can be effectively reduced, the realizability is improved, and therefore the planar (two-dimensional) array feed source is better applied to the field of millimeter wave frequency range array feed type beam scanning reflector antennas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a comparison graph of different scanning angle gains of the array feeding type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna and the conventional reflector antenna in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a far field radiation pattern of the array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna at different scanning angles in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present embodiment provides an array feeding type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna, which has a structure shown in fig. 1; the array feed source comprises a reflecting surface and an array feed source, wherein the array feed source comprises a first subarray feed source, a second subarray feed source and a third subarray feed source which are identical in structure, the first subarray feed source is located between the reflecting surface and a focal plane of the reflecting surface and arranged in parallel to the focal plane of the reflecting surface, and the projection from the focal point of the reflecting surface to the first subarray feed source is coincided with the central point of the first subarray feed source; the second subarray feed source and the third subarray feed source are respectively connected to two sides of the first subarray feed source, and an included angle theta is formed between the second subarray feed source and the plane where the first subarray feed source is located1The third subarray feed source and the plane where the first subarray feed source is located form an included angle theta2(ii) a When the antenna generates a high-gain beam with a fixed beam direction, the array feed has only one subarray feed in an excited state.
The parameter optimization process of the array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna is as follows:
step 1, determining a surface type formula of the reflector antenna, namely parameters such as caliber, focal length ratio and the like, determining the scale N (N is q.n, q is the number of subarray feed sources, N is the scale of the subarray feed sources in the beam scanning direction) of the whole array feed source in the beam scanning direction according to a predicted beam coverage range SR (3-dB beam width number), wherein the predicted beam coverage range SR is equal to the scale N of the array feed sources; in addition, in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction, the size of the array feed source is m; based on this, the unit average scan range ASR is expressed as: ASR is SR/N;
step 2, array feed source unit interval optimization: after the array feed source scale is determined, setting a unit spacing variable S in the beam scanning direction1And S is1Has a value range of 0.9 lambda less than or equal to S1λ or less, and array feed source unit spacing S in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction20.5 λ, where λ is the operating wavelength when propagating in free space; array feed source unit excitation corresponding to different scanning anglesAmplitude of omegaNIn a phase of
Figure BDA0002303654510000041
The unit average scanning range ASR and the reflection surface antenna side lobe level SLL are used as optimization targets, wherein the ASR is required to be larger than 1; thus, the array feed source unit spacing S meeting the condition of large-range beam scanning is determined1；
Step 3, arranging an array feed source based on the unit spacing obtained by optimization in the step 2, dividing the array feed source into sub-arrays, wherein each sub-array is independently controlled and corresponds to different scanning ranges, the corresponding sub-array scale is n multiplied by m, n is the array scale of the sub-array feed source in the beam scanning direction, m is the array scale of the sub-array feed source in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction, and m is 4; determining the scale n of the sub-array feed source which is optimal in the beam scanning direction by taking the edge irradiation level TL of the sub-array feed source as an optimization target, wherein the value range of n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
step 4, based on the topology of the array feed source obtained in the step 3, optimizing the defocusing distance d by taking the dynamic range DR (the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the amplitude) of the unit amplitude as an optimization target, namely moving the feed source position towards the direction of the reflecting surface to obtain the unit amplitude distribution with a smaller dynamic range, wherein the selected range of the defocusing distance d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 6 lambda, and meanwhile, the reflecting surface antenna is required to have better radiation performance, so that the defocusing distance d meeting the dynamic range of the target is determined;
and 5, optimizing the space positions of different subarray feed sources based on the topology of the array feed sources obtained in the step 4, rotating the different subarrays by an angle theta relative to the focal plane to further reduce the scanning loss SL (gain flatness in the scanning range) of the reflector antenna, determining the rotation angle meeting the beam coverage range and the minimum scanning loss, and determining the value range of the theta to be more than 0 degree and less than theta1,θ2And (5) the final array feed source topology is obtained at an angle of less than or equal to 8 degrees.
In this embodiment, the aperture of the reflecting surface is 207 × 171mm2The focal length-to-diameter ratio is 0.75, the working frequency is 94GHz, and the aim is to generate the coverage area not less than 12 in one dimension (E surface)A scanned beam of beamwidth; the whole array feed source scale N × m formed by all the sub-array feed sources is 12 × 4, wherein the whole array feed source scale N is 12 in the beam scanning direction, and the array feed source scale m is 4 in the direction (H plane) orthogonal to the beam scanning direction; initial cell spacing S in the beam scanning direction (E-plane)1The antenna side lobe level SLL is better than-8 dB in the beam coverage range, the amplitude dynamic range DR is 10dB, and the edge illumination level TL of the subarray feed source is more than or equal to-5 dB.
Optimizing the array feed source based on the parameter optimization process to finally obtain the optimal topology of the feed source array: element spacing S in the beam scanning direction (E-plane)13.09mm (0.97 λ), and the unit pitch is S in the other dimension (H plane), i.e., the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction21.60mm (0.50 λ); the subarray scale n multiplied by m of the array feed source is 4 multiplied by 4, and 3 subarray feed sources with equal scales are contained; the optimized defocusing distance d is 9.5mm (3 lambda); the rotation angle of the subarray feed source 2 relative to the focal plane is theta1At 5 °, the rotation angle of the subarray feed source 3 relative to the focal plane is θ2＝5°。
As shown in fig. 2, the gain performance of the reflector antenna is compared when the conventional planar array feed and the optimal topological layout array feed work, and the result shows that the method can improve the gain of the antenna. As shown in fig. 3, the simulated radiation pattern of different beam directions in the far field when the array feed feeds the reflector antenna, the antenna realizes the scanning of 13 beams (-6.5 to 5.5 °), the 3-dB beam width is 1 °, and the antenna has a good radiation pattern in the whole beam coverage range. In order to quantitatively illustrate the superior performance of the invention, the comparison of various indexes of the reflector antenna under the condition of the traditional array feed source and the optimal topology is shown as follows:
N S1(λ) DR(dB) SR SL(dB)
traditional array feed source 12 0.9 10 12 1.9
Optimal topology array feed source 12 0.97 35 13 1.6
Simulation results show that the three-dimensional feed source array structure realized by optimizing the array feed source topology can effectively widen the beam coverage of the antenna and simultaneously can ensure that the array feed source keeps a smaller amplitude dynamic range; in addition, the performance index of scanning loss can be further improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (5)

1. An array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna is composed of a reflector and an array feed source, and is characterized in that the array feed source comprises a first subarray feed source and a second subarray feed source, wherein the first subarray feed source is located between focal planes of the reflector and is arranged in parallel to the focal plane of the reflector, and the projection from the focal point of the reflector to the first subarray feed source is coincided with the central point of the first subarray feed source; the second subarray feed source is connected with the first subarray feed source and forms an included angle theta with the plane where the first subarray feed source is located1And the included angle between the second subarray feed source and the first subarray feed source is 180 degrees-theta1(ii) a The array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna works in a millimeter wave frequency band, and the included angle theta1The value range is as follows: 0 DEG < theta1≤8°。
2. The array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna according to claim 1, wherein the array feed further comprises a third subarray feed, the third subarray feed is connected to the first subarray feed, and the third subarray feed and the second subarray feed are respectively positioned on two sides of the first subarray feed; the third subarray feed source and the plane where the first subarray feed source is located form an included angle theta2And the included angle between the third subarray feed source and the first subarray feed source is 180 degrees-theta2。
3. The array fed broadbeam scanning reflector antenna of claim 2, wherein said array fed broadbeam scanning reflector antenna has an angle θ of 0 ° < θ2≤8°。
4. The array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the defocusing distance of the array feed source is d: d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 6 lambda, and lambda is the working wavelength in free space propagation.
5. According to claim 2The array feed type large-range beam scanning reflector antenna is characterized in that the first subarray feed source, the second subarray feed source and the third subarray feed source have the same structure; in the beam scanning direction, the size of the subarray feed source is n: n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, and the distance between the feed source units is S1：0.9λ≤S1Lambda is less than or equal to lambda; in the direction orthogonal to the beam scanning direction, the size of the subarray feed source is m: m is 4 and the unit interval is S20.5 λ; λ is the operating wavelength when propagating in free space.
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