CN104776412A - 一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉 - Google Patents
一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104776412A CN104776412A CN201510173003.XA CN201510173003A CN104776412A CN 104776412 A CN104776412 A CN 104776412A CN 201510173003 A CN201510173003 A CN 201510173003A CN 104776412 A CN104776412 A CN 104776412A
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- Prior art keywords
- superfine powder
- communicated
- temperature
- air
- waste heat
- Prior art date
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Abstract
本发明的一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，属于废热回收利用领域，包括汽包、高温过热器、减温器、低温过热器、蒸发器Ⅰ、蒸发器Ⅱ、一级省煤器、二级省煤器、壳体、钢架、灰斗，结构设计改变了传统的采用气体置换粉体蕴蓄的余热后进行气体余热回收，通过极少量空气的高压推动粉体流动，将高温超细粉体蕴蓄的余热直接回收转换，既保护了超细粉体原始物理特性和化学特性，又能将高温超细粉体余热产生的蒸汽直接进行工业生产或用于汽机透平发电或风机、水泵等设备的拖动，还减少了由于采用大量空气或惰性气体置换高温超细粉体的蕴蓄后再进行气体余热回收引起能量浪费和粉体性质改变的负面效应，提高了物料回收率，也提高了废热回收的热效率。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于废热回收利用领域，具体涉及到一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，随着超细粉体在冶金工业领域广泛采用节能型粉末冶金技术、稀土矿产加工成超细粉体与高温提炼、电厂粉煤灰贵金属高温提炼、水泥、陶瓷、玻璃等建材行业将原材料加工成超细粉体后烧成与烧结、化工行业各种活性固体催化剂、医药、农药等制药行业粉末制剂、原子能与能源工业由超细粉体形成高密度的碳素、氧化铍、石墨、陶瓷等领域的广泛应用，工业生产过程中产生大量高温超细粉体，大多采用与空气混合后将含超细粉体的高温空气通过对流换热回收或直接排向大气中，采用与空气混合后将含超细粉体的高温空气通过对流换热回收热量的方式将高品质的废热转化为低品质的废热加以利用，致使能源利用效率大大降低，造成能源的大量浪费，同时，含超细粉体的高温空气对换热设备的磨损非常大造成换热设备寿命大大减短。采用与空气混合后将含超细粉体的高温空气直接排向大气中造成空气污染严重。
[0003] 现有各种型式的余热锅炉的热载体均为气体或液体，气体或液体载热体的流动效果较好，可以在流动过程中沿程将热量传递给余热锅炉的工质侧载热体，达到热能转化与利用目的。高温超细粉体虽含有大量的高温蓄热，因其流动性较差以及磨损严重而无法实现高温超细粉体的高温余热回收与利用。而随着现代工业的发展和节能减排的国家战略要求，高温超细粉体的应用领域越来越广，高温超细粉体的废热利用技术必须得到较大发展和突破。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明目的为了克服上述现有技术的不足，提供了一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，水或蒸汽在受热管的管内流动，通过布风板上开具定向通孔或在布风板开具的通孔上布置定向风帽、依靠一定压头的少量空气或惰性气体的动力来推动高温超细粉体在受热管管外的粉体腔室流道中流动，这样高温超细粉体与锅炉受热面管子的外表面进行冲刷将热量传递给管内的水或蒸汽。
[0005] 本发明是通过以下方式实现的一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，它包括一个横式炉体，炉体内部被隔墙分成多个腔室，从左到右的腔室依次设有转向室1、高温过热器、减温器、低温过热器、蒸发器1、蒸发器I1、一级省煤器、二级省煤器、除氧器受热面、转向室II，过热蒸汽引出管与高温过热器的一端连通，高温过热器的另一端通过减温器与低温过热器连接，低温过热器通过饱和蒸汽引出管与汽包连通，蒸发器I和蒸发器II分别通过上升管与汽包连通，汽包下端通过下降管与蒸发器I和蒸发器II的下集箱连通，一级省煤器通过汽包给水管连通汽包，汽包通过钢架固定在炉体的上，且气泡位于蒸发器I和蒸发器II上方，一级省煤器和二级省煤器之间通过省煤器连接管连接，二级省煤器上端通过省煤器给水管与除氧器本体下端连通，除氧器本体的上端通过除氧器给水管与除氧器受热面上端连通，除氧器受热面下端接通有脱盐水管，在除氧器受热面上方设有除氧器本体，则除氧器本体通过钢架固定在炉体上，炉体的左侧设有给料装置，给料装置的一端与转向室I连通，则另一端与给料螺旋机连接，炉体的右侧设有溢流口，溢流口与转向室II连通，转向室II上方设有空气出口，空气出口的外端通过空气管道与除尘器连接；腔室底部设有风室，在腔室与风室之间设有一层布风板，所述的风室包括隔板和送风口，在风室的下端设有灰斗。
[0006] 热载体为高温超细粉体。
[0007] 所述的布风板上设有若干通孔，通孔均匀的分布在布风板上，且在布风板上开具的通孔具有方向性。或者在所述的布风板上开具的若干通孔上布置定向风帽，使高温超细粉体定向流动，定向流动的高温超细粉体与所有蒸发器和过热器的管束发生冲刷，进行对流换热。
[0008] 所述的送风口与风室连通，送风口的外端与鼓风机连接，则送风方式为低流量、高压头式，流化风采用低流量、高压头方式给风，流化风的使用是为超细粉体在余热锅炉内流动提供动力。从推动超细粉体流动的混合有超细粉体的流化风通过粉体的热交换温度升高一方面可以作为一次风送入本装置使用的前一级超细粉体陪烧炉或冶炼炉窑中，另一方面可以通过旋风分离器和布袋除尘器结合回收超细粉体，空气环保达标排放。
[0009] 尾端较低温度的超细粉体依然采用带有受热面的除氧器来进一步降低超细粉体的温度，同时将供锅炉使用的工业软化脱盐水加热到一定温度，溢出溶入水中的氧气后，通过给水泵送至锅炉，不仅减少除氧器的蒸汽耗量，还进一步降低了超细粉体的温度，为超细粉体的后一级使用创造了有利的尽可能的低温条件。
[0010] 本发明的有益效果为结构设计合理，改变了传统的气体余热回收，将高温超细粉体蕴蓄的余热进行直接回收转换，既保护了超细粉体原分子的组成，又能利用余热产生的过热蒸汽或饱和蒸汽直接进行工业生产或用于汽机透平做功发电或用于风机、水泵等大功率耗电设备的拖动，提高了高温超细粉体必须冷却至尽可能的低温才能回收的特性要求，同时，也减少了由于采用大量空气或惰性气体置换高温超细粉体的蕴蓄后再进行气体余热回收引起能量浪费和粉体性质改变的负面效应，又由于采用少量高压头空气作为高温超细粉体换热的动力而不是作为置换高温超细粉体的蕴蓄后的热载体，作为高温超细粉体换热动力的少量高压头空气收集后送入前置超细粉体焙烧炉或冶炼炉窑中作为一次风使用，可以保护空气不受到污染。
附图说明
[0011] 图1为整体结构示意图；
如图1所述，汽包(1)，除氧器本体(2)，给料装置(3)，炉体(4)，转向室I (5)，隔墙
(6)，高温过热器(7)，减温器(8)，低温过热器(9)，蒸发器I (10)，蒸发器II (11)，一级省煤器(12)，二级省煤器(13)，除氧器受热面(14)，转向室II (15)，空气出口(16)，溢流口
(17)，布风板(18)，风室(19)，灰斗(20)，隔板(21)，送风口(22)，钢架(23)。
具体实施方式
[0012] 一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，该锅炉的热载体为高温超细粉体，它包括一个横式炉体(4)，炉体(4)的左侧设有给料装置(3)，给料装置(3)的一端与转向室I (5)连通，则另一端与给料螺旋机连接，炉体(4)内部被隔墙(6)分成多个腔室，从左到右的腔室依次设有转向室I (5)、高温过热器(7)、减温器(8)、低温过热器(9)、蒸发器I (10)、蒸发器II
(11)、一级省煤器(12)、二级省煤器(13)、除氧器受热面(14)、转向室II (15)，炉体(4)的右侧设有溢流口(17)，溢流口(17)与转向室II (15)连通，转向室II (15)上方设有空气出口(16)，空气出口( 16)的外端通过空气管道与除尘器连接，除氧器受热面(14)下端连通这脱盐水管，除氧器受热面(14)上端通过除氧器给水管与除氧器本体(2)上端连通，除氧器本体(2)下端通过省煤器给水管与二级省煤器(13)上端连通，则所述的除氧器本体(2)通过钢架(23)固定在除氧器受热面(14)上方的炉体(4)上，二级省煤器(13)的下端与一级省煤器(12)下端通过省煤器连接管连通，一级省煤器(12)上端通过汽包给水管与汽包(I)连通，蒸发器I (10 )和蒸发器II (11)分别通过上升管连通汽包(I)，汽包(I)下端通过下降管与蒸发器I (10)和蒸发器II (11)的下集箱连通，汽包(I)上端通过饱和蒸汽引出管与低温过热器(9 )右端连通，所述的汽包(I)通过钢架(23 )固定在炉体(4 )上，且汽包(I)位于蒸发器I (10)和蒸发器II (11)上方，低温过热器(9)左端通过减温器(8)与高温过热器(7)右端连通，高温过热器(7)的左端设有过热蒸汽引出管；腔室底部设有风室(19)，在腔室与风室(19)之间设有一层布风板(18)，布风板(18)上设有若干通孔，通孔均匀的分布在布风板(18)上，所述的风室(19)包括隔板(21)和送风口(22)，送风口(22)的外端与鼓风机连接，则送风方式为低流量、高压头式，流化风采用低流量、高压头方式给风，流化风的使用是为超细粉体在余热锅炉内流动提供动力，在风室(19 )的下端设有灰斗(20 )。
[0013] 本发明的工质流程:锅炉给水首先通过脱盐水管送至除氧器受热面，在这里加热后通过除氧器给水管进入除氧器本体，与饱和蒸汽混合使脱盐水达到104°C饱和水，通过增压水泵经省煤器给水管送至二级省煤器，依次通过省煤器连接管、一级省煤器、汽包给水管进入汽包，汽包中的水通过下降管进入蒸发器I和蒸发器II的下集箱，炉水在入蒸发器I和蒸发器II换热成为汽水混合物，汽水混合物再通过上升管进入汽包中，汽水混合物在汽包通过汽水分离装置分离出饱和蒸汽，从汽包出来的饱和蒸汽通过饱和蒸汽引出管进入低温过热器，在这里初步过热后进入减温器进行温度调节以满足高温过热器出口参数要求，经高温过热器进一步过热后由过热蒸汽引出管送至汽轮机进行发电。
[0014] 本发明高温超细粉体余热锅炉中高温超细粉体流向，高温超细粉体由给料装置进入转向室I，依次通过高温过热器、低温过热器、蒸发器1、蒸发器I1、一级省煤器、二级省煤器、除氧器受热面和转向室II，降温后经溢流口溢出。
Claims (4)
1.一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，它包括一个横式炉体(4)，其特征在于，炉体(4)的左侧设有给料装置(3)，给料装置(3)的一端与转向室I (5)连通，则另一端与给料螺旋机连接，炉体(4)内部被隔墙(6)分成多个腔室，从左到右的腔室依次设有转向室I (5)、高温过热器(7)、减温器(8)、低温过热器(9)、蒸发器I (10)、蒸发器I (11)、一级省煤器(12)、二级省煤器(13)、除氧器受热面(14)、转向室II (15)，炉体(4)的右侧设有溢流口(17)，溢流口(17)与转向室II (15)连通，转向室II (15)上方设有空气出口( 16)，空气出口(16)的外端通过空气管道与除尘器连接，除氧器受热面(14)下端连通着脱盐水管，除氧器受热面(14 )上端通过除氧器给水管与除氧器本体(2 )上端连通，除氧器本体(2 )下端通过省煤器给水管与二级省煤器(13)上端连通，则所述的除氧器本体(2)通过钢架(23)固定在除氧器受热面(14)上方的炉体(4)上，二级省煤器(13)的下端与一级省煤器(12)下端通过省煤器连接管连通，一级省煤器(12)上端通过汽包给水管与汽包(I)连通，蒸发器I(10)和蒸发器II (11)分别通过上升管连通汽包(I )，汽包(I)下端通过下降管与蒸发器I(10)和蒸发器II (11)的下集箱连通，汽包(I)上端通过饱和蒸汽引出管与低温过热器(9)右端连通，所述的汽包(I)通过钢架(23 )固定在炉体(4 )上，且汽包(I)位于蒸发器I (10 )和蒸发器II (11)上方，低温过热器(9 )左端通过减温器(8 )与高温过热器(7 )右端连通，高温过热器(7)的左端设有过热蒸汽引出管；腔室底部设有风室(19)，在腔室与风室(19)之间设有一层布风板(18)，所述的风室(19)包括隔板(21)和送风口(22)，在风室(19)的下端设有灰斗(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，其特征在于，热载体为高温超细粉体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，其特征在于，所述的布风板(18)上设有若干通孔，通孔均匀的分布在布风板(18)上，且所述的通孔上设有定向通帽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温超细粉体余热回收锅炉，其特征在于，所述的送风口(22)与风室(19)连通，送风口(22)的外端与鼓风机连接，则送风方式为低流量、高压头式。
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| CN105652910A (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇九研究所 | 一种对偶旋转装置及其振动控制方法 |
| CN106402820A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-15 | 大连科林能源工程技术开发有限公司 | 一种粉矿悬浮磁化焙烧粉体急冷降温工艺余热锅炉 |
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