CN104776176A - 混合动力车用自动变速器 - Google Patents

混合动力车用自动变速器 Download PDF

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CN104776176A
CN104776176A CN201510219295.6A CN201510219295A CN104776176A CN 104776176 A CN104776176 A CN 104776176A CN 201510219295 A CN201510219295 A CN 201510219295A CN 104776176 A CN104776176 A CN 104776176A
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clutch
motor
axle
transmission
fixedly connected
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刘肖
高晓光
苏成云
苑衍灵
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Shengrui Transmission Co Ltd
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Shengrui Transmission Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
    • F16H33/02—Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2043—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with five engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2046—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with six engaging means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自动变速器，其变速器壳体内并排安装有两个轴系、三个正齿轮组、三行星齿轮组和若干个换挡单元，其中，一个轴系位于动力输入侧，包括第一轴，另一个轴系位于动力输出侧，包括第二轴；一个且仅有一个电机，电机转子与第一轴的输入端固定连接，电机定子安装于变速器壳体内；一个离合器，安装于变速器壳体内，离合器外毂与电机转子固定连接；一个发动机飞轮，安装于变速器壳体内，发动机飞轮与离合器内毂固定连接。本发明将电机、离合器和发动机飞轮布置在原先液力变矩器的位置，结构紧凑，对整个变速器的尺寸规格无影响，高度集成，便于整车的装配，采用单电机，控制简单，节省成本，特别适合在前置前驱的混合动力车上使用。

Description

混合动力车用自动变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及自动变速器技术领域，尤其涉及一种适合在混合动力车上使用的自动变速器。
背景技术
混合动力汽车，是指油电混合动力汽车(Hybrid Electric Vehicle)，即采用传统的内燃机(柴油机或汽油机)和电动机作为动力源，也有的发动机经过改造使用其他替代燃料，例如压缩天然气、丙烷和乙醇燃料等。随着世界各国环境保护的措施越来越严格，混合动力车辆由于其节能、低排放等特点成为汽车领域研究与开发的一个重点。
为了适应这种趋势，中国发明专利CN101275630B，就公开了一种自动变速器(AT)，其包括并排安装的两个轴系、三个正齿轮组、三行星齿轮组和五个换挡单元，可以实现八个前进挡和一个倒挡，并且通过一个正齿轮组将动力引出变速器壳体并与一个电机连接，用于启动发动机、与发动机一起驱动汽车以及纯电动行驶等。但该电机布置在变速器壳体外部，对于前置前驱车型来说，受安装空间的限制，电机体积较小，功率较小，影响使用效果。
也有采用双电机方案的，双电机可以提供更强劲的动力，但双电机的控制系统过于复杂，成本高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种自动变速器，使其适合在混合动力车上使用，不仅结构紧凑，而且便于控制，成本低。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：变速器壳体，所述变速器壳体内并排安装有两个轴系、三个正齿轮组、三行星齿轮组和若干个换挡单元，其中的一个轴系位于动力输入侧，包括用于输入动力的第一轴，另一个轴系位于动力输出侧，包括用于输出动力的第二轴；一个且仅有一个电机，所述电机的转子与所述第一轴的输入端固定连接，所述电机的定子安装于所述变速 器壳体内；一个离合器，安装于所述变速器壳体内，所述离合器包括用于动力传递的内毂和外毂，所述外毂与所述电机的转子固定连接；一个发动机飞轮，安装于所述变速器壳体内，所述发动机飞轮与所述离合器的内毂固定连接。 
其中，所述离合器的外毂镶嵌于所述电机转子的内部空间内。
其中，所述发动机飞轮由一个双质量飞轮或一个扭矩减震器构成，所述离合器的内毂与所述双质量飞轮或扭矩减震器键连接。
采用了上述技术方案后，本发明的有益效果是：
1)电机、离合器和发动机飞轮一同安装在变速器壳体内，高度集成，便于整车的装配。
2)采用单电机，控制简单，节省成本。
3)电机布置在原先液力变矩器的位置，结构紧凑，对整个变速器的尺寸规格无影响，特别适合在前置前驱的混合动力车上使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例二的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例三的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例四的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例五的结构示意图；
其中：
0-变速器壳体；1-第一轴；2-第二轴；3-电机；4-发动机飞轮；FD-差速器；
TG610-第一正齿轮组；G47-第二正齿轮组；TG58-第三正齿轮组；
PG1-第一行星齿轮组；PG2-第二行星齿轮组；PG3-第三行星齿轮组；
Ho1-第一齿圈；Pt1-第一行星架；So1-第一太阳齿轮；
Ho2-第二齿圈；Pt2-第二行星架；So2-第二太阳齿轮；
Ho3-第三齿圈；Pt3-第三行星架；So3-第三太阳齿轮；
B1-第一制动器；B2-第二制动器；C1-第一离合器；C2-第二离合器；C3-第三离合器；C4-第四离合器；C5-第五离合器；C6-第六离合器。 
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一
如图1所示，一种自动变速器，它包括并排设置在一个共用的变速器壳体0内的两个轴系、三个正齿轮组三个行星齿轮组和五个换挡单元。三个正齿轮组，即：第一正齿轮组TG610、第二正齿轮组G47和第三正齿轮组TG58。三个行星齿轮组，即：第一行星齿轮组PG1、第二行星齿轮组PG2；第三行星齿轮组PG3。五个换挡单元，即：第一制动器B1；第二制动器B2；第一离合器C1；第二离合器C2；第三离合器C3；第四离合器C4。在本技术领域中，具有相同轴线的轴及设置在这些轴上的部件组成一个轴系，其中，一个轴系位于动力输入侧，包括一个第一轴1，用于输入动力，另一个轴系位于动力输出侧，包括一个第二轴2，第二轴2通过差速器FD输出动力。通过附图，结合机械制图的基本知识，本领域的普通技术人员可以明了各构件的连接关系，在此不做赘述。
变速器壳体0内还安装有一个电机3、一个第六离合器C6和一个发动机飞轮4。
电机3只有一个，电机3的定子安装在变速器壳体0的内部，电机3的转子与第一轴1的输入端固定连接。
第六离合器C6包括内毂和外毂，两者结合时传递动力，两者分离时切断动力。第六离合器C6的外毂与电机3的转子固定连接；第六离合器C6的内毂与发动机飞轮4固定连接。使用时，发动机飞轮4与发动机的曲轴连接。第六离合器C6可以采用多种结构形式的离合器，例如湿式摩擦离合器、干式摩擦离合器或电控离合器等，为了进一步减少第六离合器C6与电机3的轴向安装距离，第六离合器C6的外毂镶嵌于电机3的转子的内部空间内。
发动机飞轮4最好采用双质量飞轮，双质量飞轮对于隔振减振效果明显，此时，第六离合器C6的内毂与双质量飞轮键连接,尤其是花键连接。发动机飞 轮4也可以使用扭矩减震器。
该变速器在不考虑电机3的情况下，可以实现至少八个前进挡和至少一个倒挡，也就是说，该变速器是一个八挡自动变速器的改进。其将电机3、第六离合器C6和发动机飞轮4布置在原先液力变矩器的位置，结构紧凑，对整个变速器的尺寸规格无影响，高度集成，便于整车的装配，采用单电机，节省成本，控制简单，特别适合在前置前驱的混合动力车上使用。
该变速器可以实现如下功能：
1、纯电行驶。此时，第六离合器C6分离，电机3做电动机使用，动力路线为：电机转子→第六离合器C6外毂→第一轴1→某一档位结合→第二轴2。
2、发动机、电机联合工作输出。此时，第六离合器C6结合，电机3做电动机使用，动力路线为：发动机→发动机飞轮4→第六离合器C6内毂；电机转子→第六离合器C6外毂；第六离合器C6结合→第一轴1→某一档位结合→第二轴2。
3.发动机充电。与上述联合工作输出方式基本一致，不同点在于，此时的电机作为发电机使用。
4、制动能量回收。此时，第六离合器C6分离，电机3做发电机使用，动力路线为：刹车或制动时，车轮→第二轴2→某一档位结合→第一轴1→第六离合器C6外毂→电机转子。
5、发动机单独工作。此时离合器C6结合，电机3不工作，动力路线为：发动机→第六离合器C6内毂→第六离合器C6外毂→第一轴1→某一档位结合→第二轴2。
实施例二
如图2所示，结构与实施例一基本相同，不同之处在于，增设第二制动器B2，在不考虑电机3的情况下，可以实现至少九个前进挡和至少一个倒挡。
实施例三
如图3所示，结构与实施例一基本相同，不同之处在于，增设了一个第五离合器C5，用于控制第三太阳齿轮So3、第三齿圈Ho3和第三行星架Pt3中的 两个元件建立刚性连接，同时，还调整了一些构件的连接关系。在不考虑电机3的情况下，可以实现至少十一个前进挡和至少一个倒挡。
实施例四
如图4所示，结构与实施例一基本相同，不同之处在于，增设了一个第五离合器C5，用于控制第三太阳齿轮So3、第三齿圈Ho3和第三行星架Pt3中的两个元件建立刚性连接。在不考虑电机3的情况下，可以实现至少十二个前进挡和至少一个倒挡。
实施例五
如图5所示，结构与实施例一基本相同，不同之处在于，增设了一个第五离合器C5，用于控制第二太阳齿轮So2、第二齿圈Ho2和第二行星架Pt2中的两个元件建立刚性连接。在不考虑电机3的情况下，可以实现至少十三个前进挡和至少一个倒挡。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种自动变速器，包括：
变速器壳体，所述变速器壳体内并排安装有两个轴系、三个正齿轮组、三行星齿轮组和若干个换挡单元，其中，一个轴系位于动力输入侧，包括用于输入动力的第一轴，另一个轴系位于动力输出侧，包括用于输出动力的第二轴；其特征在于，该变速器还包括
一个且仅有一个电机，所述电机的转子与所述第一轴的输入端固定连接，所述电机的定子安装于所述变速器壳体内；
一个离合器，安装于所述变速器壳体内，所述离合器包括用于动力传递的内毂和外毂，所述外毂与所述电机的转子固定连接；
一个发动机飞轮，安装于所述变速器壳体内，所述发动机飞轮与所述离合器的内毂固定连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的自动变速器，其特征在于，所述离合器的外毂镶嵌于所述电机转子的内部空间内。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的自动变速器，其特征在于，所述发动机飞轮由一个双质量飞轮或一个扭矩减震器构成，所述离合器的内毂与所述双质量飞轮或扭矩减震器键连接。
CN201510219295.6A 2015-04-30 2015-04-30 混合动力车用自动变速器 Pending CN104776176A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20150715