CN104774078A - Microbial fertilizer produced through fermentation of waste domestic fungus material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Microbial fertilizer produced through fermentation of waste domestic fungus material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104774078A
CN104774078A CN201510099039.8A CN201510099039A CN104774078A CN 104774078 A CN104774078 A CN 104774078A CN 201510099039 A CN201510099039 A CN 201510099039A CN 104774078 A CN104774078 A CN 104774078A
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fermentation
sulfate
microbial
fertilizer
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何炎炘
李能树
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Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial fertilizer produced through fermentation of a waste domestic fungus material and a preparation method thereof. The microbial fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 20 to 30 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 to 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 10 to 18 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 to 10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5 to 2.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.01 to 0.05 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 to 0.8 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.2 to 1.0 part of borax, 0.5 to 1.0 part of copper sulphate, 0.2 to 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 40 to 65 parts of the waste domestic fungus material, 5 to 10 parts of a microbial strain liquid, 15 to 25 parts of kaolin, 4 to 9 parts of sawdust, 6 to 10 parts of sugar residue, 4 to 5 parts of a binder and a proper amount of water. The fertilizer is produced through fermentation of the waste domestic fungus material and has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, economic performance and practicability. A paste material is prepared from the waste domestic fungus material and used for embedding a special bacterial strain; fermentation is carried out for a period of time so as to allow the components of nitrogen and phosphorus to be increased; then the binder is added, drying and crushing are carried out, and all the raw materials ferment as an integral structure; so the characteristics of lasting effect and insusceptibility to denaturation are obtained. An optimal formulation scheme for the added inorganic chemical components is obtained through multiple times of experiments so as to give full play to microbial strains.

Description

Microbial fertilizer of a kind of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Technology field of fertilizer, be specifically related to microbial fertilizer of a kind of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the raising of living standards of the people, edible fungus culturing scale is increasing.The wood fibre that the culture medium of edible fungus such as agricultural crop straw, cotton seed hulls is rich in, Mierocrystalline cellulose etc., in hypha of edible fungus process of growth, are decomposed into carbohydrate and carboritride, are absorbed by mycelia.And the waste material after edible fungus culturing is still containing the organic matters such as a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses and abundant mycelian protein, if can not scientific disposal be accomplished, not only waste resource and also easily cause mould and pest infestation, contaminate environment, the amino acid be rich in and VITAMIN, carboritride and trace element, can be used as a kind of well organic fertilizer stock substrate.
Microbial fertilizer is qualified in more than 50 %, wherein subject matter, and be that effective bacterium number is not up to standard, the quality guaranteed period is too short.But bacterial classification reason is not the sole cause affecting effect of fertilizer, in fact, the composition proportion in fertilizer is also affecting effect of fertilizer greatly, if outside solution bacterial classification problem, by the innovation of fertilizer component proportioning, and can obtain better effect.
In order to improve efficiency and the vigor of microbial bacteria, by after microbial bacteria enlarged culturing with the mixing such as waste material of edible mushroom, wood chip grinding into homogenate, first be through long fermentation, then binder mixture lumps into solid, be ground into particulate state, play a role with an overall structural unit, can play a role efficiently on the one hand, can prevent bacterial classification from making a variation on the other hand, the effect of fertilizer is extended greatly; Binding agent is that dissolving resin is made by after tensio-active agent mixing oily substance bubble, and the stone flour finally adding trace makes emulsion, has very strong bonding characteristic, product can be made to have characteristic that is loose, porous simultaneously.Here the edible mushrooms homogenate molding bonded of binding agent for making microorganism embed, is unlikely to again too tight simultaneously, affects thalline and play function.
Summary of the invention
A kind of microbial fertilizer of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 1 ~ 4, calcium superphosphate 10 ~ 18, Repone K 5 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 0.5 ~ 2.0, Sodium Selenite 0.01 ~ 0.05, ferrous sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.8, borax 0.2 ~ 1.0, copper sulfate 0.5 ~ 1.0, manganous sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.6, waste material of edible mushroom 40 ~ 65, microbial strains liquid 5 ~ 10, sawdust 4 ~ 9, nut-shell 6 ~ 10, binding agent 4 ~ 5 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: zeolite powder 5 ~ 7, urea-formaldehyde resin 8 ~ 10, Walocel MT 20.000PV 2 ~ 4, sodium laurylsulfonate 1 ~ 2, industrial rapeseed oil 4 ~ 6, ethanol 2 ~ 5 and water 25 ~ 30; Preparation method is (1) mixed industrial rapeseed oil and sodium laurylsulfonate, is blended into water, stirs 20 ~ 30min uniformly solution for standby; (2) in reaction cylinder, mixing urea-formaldehyde resin and the emulsion described in (1), add zeolite powder, Walocel MT 20.000PV and ethanol, be heated to 60 ~ 80 DEG C, stir under 300 ~ 400r/min heat-retaining condition and disperse 30 ~ 50min and carry out composite, finally uniformly emulsion.
A preparation method for the microbial fertilizer of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) mixed edible bacterium waste material, sawdust and nut-shell, puts into shredder and is blended into the water of total amount 1 ~ 1.5 times, first soaking 5 ~ 10h, be then ground to homogenate;
(2) the microbial strains liquid prepared in advance is added in the homogenate described in (1), 40 ~ 60min is stirred under 300 ~ 500r/min normal temperature, put into the constant temperature culture room quiescent culture 20 ~ 25 days of 35 ~ 40 DEG C, every 12h stirs once, is suitably watered and keeps the uniform thickener of water content 80%;
(3) by binding agent thin up 3 ~ 5 times, be added in the fermentation material of (2), after stirring, logical hot-air seasoning process, becomes solid block after leaving standstill 24h, is ground into the granule of 20 mesh sieves;
(4) ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, Repone K, zinc sulfate, Sodium Selenite, ferrous sulfate, borax, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to is mixed; be crushed to pulvis; then (3) gained granule is added; granulation after the adjustment water content 40% that adds water after abundant mixing; the particle of particle diameter 5 ~ 8mm is made, finally logical hot-air seasoning in rotary drum granulator.
Microbial strains liquid of the present invention plants 30 degree of bottom fermentations Celsius, conversion, expansion shaking culture uniformly bacteria suspension separately by subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus thuringiensis mother, is then mixed according to the ratio of 1.7-2.8: 1.0-1.3: 1.8-3.0.
Described waste material of edible mushroom is stalk flat mushroom fertilizer, saw dust mushroom and mixing in proportion containing nut-shell mushroom fertilizer.
Potassium bichromate titrimetric method surveys the principle of soil organic matter content
Under 170-180 DEG C of condition, with the standard weight potassiumchromate-sulphuric acid soln little over amount, oxidation soil organic matter, the titration of remaining potassium bichromate standard ferrous sulfate, calculate organic carbon amounts by the gauge of institute's quota of expenditure ferrous sulfate, thus extrapolate organic content, its reaction formula is as follows:
2K 2Cr 2O 7+3C+8H 2SO 4→2K 2SO 4+2Cr 2(SO 4) 3+3CO 2+8H 2O
K 2Cr 2O 7+6FeSO 4+7H 2SO 4→K 2SO 4+Cr 2(SO 4) 3+3Fe 2(SO 4) 3+7H 2O
Use Fe 2+the remaining Cr of titration 2o 7 2-time, with o-phenanthrolin (C 2h 8n 2) be oxidation-reduction indicator, in titration process, the colourshifting process of indicator is as follows: orange based on potassium bichromate of solution during beginning, and now indicator under oxidative conditions, in light blue, covered by the orange of potassium bichromate, during titration, solution is gradually in green (Cr 3+), to becoming greyish-green close to during terminal.Work as Fe 2+during excessive half of solution, solution then becomes red-brown, represents that color arrives terminal.
Alkaline chitinase clears up the principle that ultraviolet spectrophotometry surveys total nitrogen content
Soil sample in the presence of catalyzer, with the vitriol oil disappear boil time, various organic compounds containing nitrogen, through the high-temperature decomposition reaction of complexity, is converted into ammonium nitrogen.In the alkaline medium of 120 DEG C ~ 124 DEG C, make oxygenant with Potassium Persulphate, nitrogenous compound in water sample can be converted into nitrate, simultaneously the oxidized decomposition of most of organism.Absorbance A is measured respectively in wavelength 220nm and 275nm place by ultraviolet spectrophotometry 220and A 275, use A=A 220-2A 275obtain correction absorbance A, calculated the content of total nitrogen by working curve.
M3 lixiviate-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method surveys the principle of soil phosphorus content
0.2mol/L HOAc-0.25mol/L NH in M3 digestion agent 4nO 3define the strong buffer system of pH2.5, and lixiviate can go out the positively charged ion such as exchangeability K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn; 0.015mol/L NH 4f-0.013mol/L HNO 3controllable P is from the desorb Ca, Al, Fe inorganic phosphorous sources; 0.001mol/L EDTA can leach Chelating state Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe etc., and therefore, M3 digestion agent can extract the various nutrient elements such as effective phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron in soil simultaneously.
Advantage of the present invention: the present invention utilizes waste material of edible mushroom to ferment the fertilizer made, there is efficient, environmental protection, economy and practical advantage, be used for embedding special bacterial classification by edible mushrooms being made thickener, first ferment for some time, the composition of nitrogen and phosphorus is increased, add binding agent again and dry pulverizing, with an overall structure function fermentation, there is effect lasting, the feature of bacterial classification not volatility, the Inorganic chemical composition added is also through the optimum proportion scheme that test of many times draws, object is the maximum efficiency playing microbial bacteria.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ρ content schematic diagram of leach liquor before and after mushroom (perfume) mushroom waste material and flat mushroom fermentation waste.
Embodiment
A kind of microbial fertilizer of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part (kg): ammonium sulfate 25, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 2, calcium superphosphate 12, Repone K 6, zinc sulfate 1.0, Sodium Selenite 0.03, ferrous sulfate 0.5, borax 0.5, copper sulfate 0.6, manganous sulfate 0.4, waste material of edible mushroom 55, microbial strains liquid 6, sawdust 5, nut-shell (after softening) 8, binding agent 4 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: zeolite powder 5, urea-formaldehyde resin 10, Walocel MT 20.000PV 2, sodium laurylsulfonate 1, industrial rapeseed oil 5, ethanol 4 and water 25; Preparation method is (1) mixed industrial rapeseed oil and sodium laurylsulfonate, is blended into water, stirs 20 ~ 30min uniformly solution for standby; (2) in reaction cylinder, mixing terpolycyantoamino-formaldehyde resin and the emulsion described in (1), add zeolite powder, Walocel MT 20.000PV and ethanol, be heated to 60 ~ 80 DEG C, stir under 300 ~ 400r/min heat-retaining condition and disperse 30 ~ 50min and carry out composite, finally uniformly emulsion.
A preparation method for the microbial fertilizer of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) mixed edible bacterium waste material, nut-shell and sugared slag, puts into shredder and is blended into the water of total amount 1 ~ 1.5 times, first soaking 5 ~ 10h, be then ground to homogenate;
(2) the microbial strains liquid prepared in advance is added in the homogenate described in (1), 40 ~ 60min is stirred under 300 ~ 500r/min normal temperature, put into the constant temperature culture room quiescent culture 20 ~ 25 days of 35 ~ 40 DEG C, every 12h stirs once, is suitably watered and keeps the uniform thickener of water content 80%;
(3) by binding agent thin up 3 ~ 5 times, be added in the fermentation material of (2), after stirring, logical hot-air seasoning process, becomes solid block after leaving standstill 24h, is ground into the granule of 20 mesh sieves;
(4) ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, Repone K, zinc sulfate, Sodium Selenite, ferrous sulfate, borax, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to is mixed; be crushed to pulvis; then (3) gained granule is added; granulation after the adjustment water content 40% that adds water after abundant mixing; the particle of particle diameter 5 ~ 8mm is made, finally logical hot-air seasoning in rotary drum granulator.
By the thickener after the fermentation of invention step (2) gained, the edible mushrooms fertilizer of flat mushroom and mushroom is undertaken that it is organic, the assay of nitrogen and phosphorus, the concrete change that blank group detects each composition of waste material of edible mushroom before and after fermentation is set simultaneously, draws following data according to detection:
Dried respectively by sample, pulverize, after crossing aperture 0.25mm sieve, organic to sample, full nitrogen, full potassium, full phosphorus carry out analysis mensuration, and wherein organic mensuration adopts potassium bichromate titrimetric method---external heat; Determination of total nitrogen content adopts alkaline chitinase to clear up ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Full phosphorus measures and adopts M3 lixiviate-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
Organic mensuration
Titration data
According to following formulae discovery organic content
In formula: V 0feS0 used when------titration is blank 4milliliter number (mean value);
FeS0 used during V------titration soil sample 4milliliter number;
5.00------K used 2cr 2o 7milliliter number
0.1333---K 2cr 20 7the concentration of standardized solution;
0.003---carbon mmole quality 0.012 by reaction in electron exchange number 4 remove 0.003;
1.724---organic carbon content average out to 58%, therefore the coefficient when carbon measured is converted into organic matter is 100/58 ≈ 1.724;
---1.1---correction coefficient.
Before and after fermentation, because subtilis decomposes the organic matter in two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom, the organic content of two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom obviously reduces.
The mensuration of total nitrogen
Nitrogen content before and after two kinds of fermentation waste
Before and after fermentation, because subtilis decomposes the organic matter in two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom, generate nitrogenous compound, the nitrogen content of two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom obviously increases.
The mensuration of phosphorus content
Standard P spectrophotometric value
Before and after two kinds of fermentation waste, the ρ content of leach liquor as shown in Figure 1;
Soil M3-P (mg/L or mg/kg)=[ρ (P) × V × D]/[V 0or (M)]
In formula:
ρ---P concentration in liquid to be measured, mg/L;
V---nitrite ion volume, 5.00mL;
D---divide and get multiple, leach liquor volume/absorption filtrate volume;
V 0(or M)---soil sample volume, mL or quality of soil sample, g.
P content before and after two kinds of fermentation waste
Before and after fermentation, because subtilis decomposes the organic matter in two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom, generate P contained compound, phosphorus content obviously increases.
Because subtilis decomposes the organic matter in two kinds of waste material of edible mushroom, before and after fermentation, organic content reduces, nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium compound increases, so the waste material of edible mushroom after fermentation can be used on the cash crop such as vegetables, melon and fruit, tealeaves, tobacco leaf, can effectively increase production.

Claims (2)

1. the microbial fertilizer of a waste material of edible mushroom fermentation, it is characterized in that, be made up of the raw material of following weight part: ammonium sulfate 20 ~ 30, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 1 ~ 4, calcium superphosphate 10 ~ 18, Repone K 5 ~ 10, zinc sulfate 0.5 ~ 2.0, Sodium Selenite 0.01 ~ 0.05, ferrous sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.8, borax 0.2 ~ 1.0, copper sulfate 0.5 ~ 1.0, manganous sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.6, waste material of edible mushroom 40 ~ 65, microbial strains liquid 5 ~ 10, sawdust 4 ~ 9, nut-shell 6 ~ 10, binding agent 4 ~ 5 and appropriate water;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight part: zeolite powder 5 ~ 7, urea-formaldehyde resin 8 ~ 10, Walocel MT 20.000PV 2 ~ 4, sodium laurylsulfonate 1 ~ 2, industrial rapeseed oil 4 ~ 6, ethanol 2 ~ 5 and water 25 ~ 30; Preparation method is (1) mixed industrial rapeseed oil and sodium laurylsulfonate, is blended into water, stirs 20 ~ 30min uniformly solution for standby; (2) in reaction cylinder, mixing urea-formaldehyde resin and the emulsion described in (1), add zeolite powder, Walocel MT 20.000PV and ethanol, be heated to 60 ~ 80 DEG C, stir under 300 ~ 400r/min heat-retaining condition and disperse 30 ~ 50min and carry out composite, finally uniformly emulsion.
2. the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer of a kind of waste material of edible mushroom fermentation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following step:
(1) mixed edible bacterium waste material, sawdust and nut-shell, puts into shredder and is blended into the water of total amount 1 ~ 1.5 times, first soaking 5 ~ 10h, be then ground to homogenate;
(2) the microbial strains liquid prepared in advance is added in the homogenate described in (1), 40 ~ 60min is stirred under 300 ~ 500r/min normal temperature, put into the constant temperature culture room quiescent culture 20 ~ 25 days of 35 ~ 40 DEG C, every 12h stirs once, is suitably watered and keeps the uniform thickener of water content 80%;
(3) by binding agent thin up 3 ~ 5 times, be added in the fermentation material of (2), after stirring, logical hot-air seasoning process, becomes solid block after leaving standstill 24h, is ground into the granule of 20 mesh sieves;
(4) ammonium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium superphosphate, Repone K, zinc sulfate, Sodium Selenite, ferrous sulfate, borax, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate and other following remaining component do not related to is mixed; be crushed to pulvis; then (3) gained granule is added; granulation after the adjustment water content 40% that adds water after abundant mixing; the particle of particle diameter 5 ~ 8mm is made, finally logical hot-air seasoning in rotary drum granulator.
CN201510099039.8A 2015-03-05 2015-03-05 Microbial fertilizer produced through fermentation of waste domestic fungus material and preparation method thereof Pending CN104774078A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106665059A (en) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-17 颍上县锡安山水稻种植专业合作社 Planting method for zinc-enriched Chinese cabbage
CN108191575A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-22 成都众宜坊农业开发有限公司 A kind of preparation method for the fertilizer for being exclusively used in increasing citrus sugariness
CN112147129A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-29 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Universal soil effective element extraction method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1309110A (en) * 2001-02-16 2001-08-22 杨雄 Process for preparing organic fertilizer from dungs and droppings
CN102267842A (en) * 2011-06-24 2011-12-07 东北师范大学 Organic-inorganic block controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1309110A (en) * 2001-02-16 2001-08-22 杨雄 Process for preparing organic fertilizer from dungs and droppings
CN102267842A (en) * 2011-06-24 2011-12-07 东北师范大学 Organic-inorganic block controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106665059A (en) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-17 颍上县锡安山水稻种植专业合作社 Planting method for zinc-enriched Chinese cabbage
CN108191575A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-22 成都众宜坊农业开发有限公司 A kind of preparation method for the fertilizer for being exclusively used in increasing citrus sugariness
CN112147129A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-29 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Universal soil effective element extraction method

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Application publication date: 20150715