CN104769230A - 具有热通量传感器的燃气涡轮机 - Google Patents

具有热通量传感器的燃气涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN104769230A
CN104769230A CN201380050961.7A CN201380050961A CN104769230A CN 104769230 A CN104769230 A CN 104769230A CN 201380050961 A CN201380050961 A CN 201380050961A CN 104769230 A CN104769230 A CN 104769230A
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gas turbine
combustion gas
heat flux
flux sensor
thermal
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CN104769230B (zh
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A·A·库尔卡尼
S·兰彭舍尔夫
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/003Arrangements for testing or measuring
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00Measuring quantity of heat
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/35Combustors or associated equipment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/30Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/303Temperature
    • F05D2270/3032Temperature excessive temperatures, e.g. caused by overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/80Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种燃气涡轮机(18),其具有热通量传感器(10),所述热通量传感器布置在所述燃气涡轮机(18)的构件(20)的表面上并且构造为热电偶,其中所述热通量传感器(10)是横向热电元件。

Description

具有热通量传感器的燃气涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的、具有热通量传感器的燃气涡轮机。
背景技术
为了提高工业燃气涡轮机的效率和能量利用率,因此对这种涡轮机的燃烧室中的燃烧温度的要求日益提高。所导致的材料负荷使得必须要准确地监控燃气涡轮机的零件的工作参数和状态。
为了能够使部分相互冲突的对能量回收率(Energieausbeute)、排放控制和磨损的要求最佳化,因此在这种情况下,监控燃气涡轮机的温度特别重要。尤其例如像氧化和蠕变的磨损过程被热激活并且通常指数地依赖于温度。
由于有待监控的区域中的温度较高,因此尤其考虑到其长期功能的完整性而对于所使用的传感器本身提出了较高的要求。
除了温度之外,必须也要监控经过涡轮机构件的隔热层的热流。对此已知的是,将热电偶组嵌入到隔热层中。由在隔热层的不同深度上所测量的温度可以推断出经过隔热层的热流。
但是,这种热通量传感器在制造时极其昂贵,并且在燃气涡轮机的工作条件下关于电接触部其昂贵。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的燃气涡轮机,所述燃气涡轮机可以简单而可靠地测量热流。
这个目的通过根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的燃气涡轮机来实现。
这种燃气涡轮机包括热通量传感器,所述热通量传感器布置在燃气涡轮机的构件的表面上并且构造为热电偶。
在这种情况下,根据本发明规定,所述热通量传感器是横向热电元件。
横向热电元件建立在使用各向异性的热电材料的基础上,其为零的赛贝克张量(Seebecktensor)具有不同的非对角元(Nichtdiagonalelement)。因此导致电压垂直于作用在热电元件上的温度梯度。
以这种方式能够通过唯一的传感器来探测燃气涡轮机中的热流,而不需要复杂装置,例如像热电偶组。
在本发明的另一种技术方案中规定,热通量传感器由单晶氧化锌制成。氧化锌具有关于其热电特性的内在各向异性(intrinsische Anisotropie),可以通过溅射过程(Sputtern)来施加具有给出的轴倾斜的单晶形状,并且在燃气涡轮机的工作条件下是稳定的。
为了能够由温差电压来确定所需要的热通量,有利的是,热电元件如此布置,从而氧化锌的晶体C轴相对于构件的表面法线倾斜。
优选地,所述热通量传感器布置在构件的隔热层下方,从而其一方面本身获得了隔热层的保护,并且另一方面可以精确地测量经过隔热层的热通量。
此外有利的是,在热通量传感器和构件表面之间布置有电绝缘层,从而使得所述热通量传感器不会由于构件的传导表面而发生短路。
在本发明的另一种技术方案中,热通量传感器的连接导线布置在电绝缘层和隔热层之间,因此导线本身同样通过隔热层来保护。
附图说明
接下来参照附图对本发明及其实施方式进行详细地解释。附图示出:
图1是横向热电传感器的工作原理的示意图;并且
图2是根据本发明的燃气涡轮机的实施例中的热通量传感器的安装区域的示意性的剖视图。
具体实施方式
横向热电传感器10由具有热电效应的内在各向异性的材料例如掺杂铝的单晶氧化锌构成,该材料如此布置,从而结晶学的C轴相对于有待测量的热流倾斜。沿着经过传感器10的热流来调整温度梯度,该温度梯度又造成保持垂直于热流的电位差,因此在传感器10的侧面12、14上可以量取电压,该电压与热流成比例。
首先在构件20上、尤其在燃气涡轮机的燃烧室壁上安装电绝缘层22,以测量通过燃气涡轮机18隔热层16的热通量,其中所述燃气涡轮机18在图2中部分地被示出。例如通过喷涂覆把传感器10涂覆在该绝缘层上,及在其侧表面12、14上与电连接导线24相接触。
最后,将隔热层16涂覆在传感器10和连接导线24上。这例如可以通过热喷镀高温稳定的陶瓷来实现。
在燃气涡轮机进行工作时,热流通过隔热层16来调整,并因此也通过传感器10来调整。由于这个如此地布置,从而晶体C轴相对于构件20的表面法线倾斜,因此在侧表面12、14之间制成了电位差,该电位差可以在连接导线24上量取并且可通过电压计26来测量。
在考虑传感器10的几何形状的情况下,由所探测到的横向温差电压可以确定经过隔热部的热流。在这种情况下,传感器10的长度和厚度之间的比值尤其重要,因为对于所产生的热流来说,温差电压随着比值的增加而同样增加。
总之,本发明提供了这样一种燃气涡轮机,在所述燃气涡轮机中可以以简单而且可靠的方式来监控经过隔热层的热通量,从而在工作条件下总是能可靠地控制其隔离效果。

Claims (6)

1.一种燃气涡轮机(18),其具有热通量传感器(10),所述热通量传感器布置在所述燃气涡轮机(18)的构件(20)的表面上并且构造为热电偶,
其特征在于,所述热通量传感器(10)是横向热电元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮机(18),其特征在于,所述热通量传感器(10)由单晶氧化锌制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃气涡轮机(18),其特征在于,所述氧化锌的晶体C轴相对于所述构件(20)的表面法线倾斜。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃气涡轮机(18),其特征在于,所述热通量传感器(10)布置在所述构件(20)的隔热层(16)下方。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的燃气涡轮机(18),其特征在于,在所述热通量传感器(10)和所述构件(20)表面之间布置有电绝缘层(22)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃气涡轮机(18),其特征在于,所述热通量传感器(10)的连接导线(24)布置在所述电绝缘层(22)和所述隔热层(16)之间。
CN201380050961.7A 2012-09-27 2013-09-26 具有热通量传感器的燃气涡轮机 Expired - Fee Related CN104769230B (zh)

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DE102012217535.0 2012-09-27
DE102012217535.0A DE102012217535A1 (de) 2012-09-27 2012-09-27 Gasturbine mit einem Wärmeflusssensor
PCT/EP2013/070047 WO2014049041A1 (de) 2012-09-27 2013-09-26 Gasturbine mit einem wärmeflusssensor

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FR2970778B1 (fr) * 2011-01-21 2015-08-07 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de mesure ou de determination d'une caracteristique d'un flux thermique echange entre un premier milieu et un deuxieme milieu
GB2526856B (en) * 2014-06-05 2018-11-21 Lappeenranta Univ Of Technology Thermal power measurement
DE102022103004A1 (de) 2021-02-16 2022-08-18 Technische Universität Ilmenau, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Anordnung zur direkten Messung von Wärmeströmen

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JP2016500780A (ja) 2016-01-14
EP2898188A1 (de) 2015-07-29
DE102012217535A1 (de) 2014-03-27
CN104769230B (zh) 2017-07-28
WO2014049041A1 (de) 2014-04-03
US20150247418A1 (en) 2015-09-03

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