The soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the antihunt means of a kind of ecological agriculture, particularly relate to the soil of a kind of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope
Earth-plant-Biostatic method.
Background technology
Riparian Zone is the ecotone between river Yu land, regulating the climate, conserves water and soil, has weight in terms of flood control
The function wanted.Healthy riparian ecosystem should have the most elastic and stronger stability.The target of river channel ecology bank protection
Precisely in order to rebuild the riparian ecosystem being damaged, recover its stability and Gu Po, cut the ecological functions such as dirt and habitat.One
Since Zhi, the ecological vestige of urban river studied more, and has ignored the river ecosystem restoration of agricultural watershed and be suitable for
Ecological vestige in agricultural district.
Agricultural watershed is with agricultural production as pillar industry or with the basin that agricultural land is main patterns of land use, bag
Include the part suburb in city and vast rural area.Owing to agricultural watershed river water area area is big, gather in the network of waterways, lack again river
The management of stream ecosystem, ecological environment is the most fragile, lacks good vegetation buffering between river water and agricultural production district
Band, causes that Riparian Zone Soil erosion is serious, vegetation is rare, river course becomes silted up resistance, water body pollution of area source is serious.
Traditional bulkhead tech many employings engineering measure, mainly grouts or dry stone pitching, cast-in-place concrete bank protection, pre-
Concrete bodies bank protection processed, retaining wall bank protection etc..The bulkhead tech of these versions is keeping bank slope Stability Analysis of Structures, prevents water and soil
Loss aspect plays a role, and short-term bank protection effect is more significant, but owing to its quantities is big, particularly to natural limit, river course
The disturbance on slope is big, changes the naturalness of Riparian Zone, goes down for a long time and can change the natural succession of riparian ecosystem, cause
Water body and the deterioration of terrestrial environment.
The ecological vestige principal mode that Later development gets up has plant type bank protection, earth working material aggregate species phytyl bank protection
With eco-concrete bank protection etc..The planting patterns of plant predominantly Planting Grass, lay turf, hydraulic pressure and gush grass planting and three-dimensional is planted
Grass etc..Although such technology has the advantage that construction is simple, landscape effect is good, but grass seed is easily washed away by rainwater, and survival rate is low, rain
After easily cause the slope problem such as slope rill erosion, table soil loss, and later stage nourishment requires high, and maintenance costs is relatively big, no
It is suitable for the most remote agricultural watershed Riparian Zone.Directly plantation shrub slope protection technology, although have artificial perturbation few, construction letter
Advantage single, cheap, that maintenance is low, but owing to riverbank is with certain gradient, the moisture content phase of domatic soil from top to down
Difference is relatively big, and preserving soil moisture difference of ability is big, and the soil moisture content being in Po Ding position is relatively low, is unfavorable for plant growing, agricultural stream
Farther out, it is more difficult to manage and protect, and Riparian buffers vertical distribution will present coverage from below to up for territory Riparian Zone distance human settlement
The lowest phenomenon, or " speckle " occurs, it is unfavorable for beautifying of bank protection view, is less useful for bank protection water and soil conservation.
For this situation, later stage people use covering agricultural film or non-woven fabrics to reduce soil water evaporation, and
Maintain a stable internal temperature, play the effect of a soil moisture conservation.But, after vegetation survives, discarded agricultural film and
Non-woven fabrics should not decompose in nature, and environment can be caused secondary pollution.
At present, existing ecological vestige is broadly divided into two classes, and a class is that plant-engineering measure is combined bank protection, such
Technology is generally with concrete, sandstone, cement class engineering as substrate, and landscape effect is preferable, but the natural performance of slope body is thoroughly changed
Becoming, its due habitat, Yuan Hui, pollution resistance control ability are all restricted or lose, and such technology is also mainly used in city
Section, city;Another kind of is to utilize merely vegetation slope pavement, is characterized in near-nature forest view, but protection against erosion and cunning, ability of collapsing are by one
Foregone conclusion limit, and the nourishment needed is costly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of soil-plant-Biostatic method of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope, pin
Feature and ecological demand to agricultural watershed Riparian Zone, it is provided that a kind of artificial perturbation is few, it is cheap to spend, recover fast, effective, near
Natural landscape, later stage are controlled without ecological revetment and the pollution resistance of nourishment.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Riparian buffers soil-plant-Biostatic method being applicable to agricultural watershed of the present invention, by river in the present invention
Bank band is divided into bunding district and side slope protection district.
Described bunding sector width is set to 10-15 m, first carry out the most smooth after, along direction, parallel riverbank, from close
Starting at river course first to plant the 3 annual purple willows of row, plantation purple willow line-spacing is 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.8 m.Then 3 rows are planted annual
False indigo, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, intersects the most successively and plants purple willow and false indigo.In described plantation
Purple willow and false indigo below sow herbaceous plant Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., facet syndrom, rye grass or alfalfa.
Described side slope protection district carries out manual amendment, builds into little slope from bunding district to ordinary water level district and is connected with chain-wales
The notch cuttype side slope protection band connect, every section little slope is respectively less than 45 °, and the chain-wales width being connected is set to 20cm.Whole side slope
Protected section is arranged to the step structure that three little slopes are connected with two chain-wales.
Nonwoven polypropylene fabric is all used to protect on the little slope of described side slope protection section.First non-woven fabrics is layed in little slope
On, top and bottom are fixed with rivet respectively, mid portion cuttage vegetation.
On the little slope of described side slope protection section, cuttage vegetation is purple willow, and purple willow section all uses 20cm length, has a 2-3 above
The annual purple willow branch of individual spore.On the little slope in bunding district and close ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 60-100
Strain/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 10-25 strain/m2。
Cuttage a line false indigo on the chain-wales centre position of described side slope protection section, spacing in the rows is 15cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of described Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber is set to long 1.5-2.5
The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in m, a diameter of 10-20 cm, bottom.
Described timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.0-2.0m, and two timber spacing are 30-50 cm, uses between timber
The iron wire intersected is connected.
Advantages of the present invention with effect is:
1. use the simple plant-soil engineering measure being suitable for that Riparian buffers is repaired, nature original to side slope
Performance disturbance is less, and side slope uses the pattern that little slope is connected with chain-wales, can substantially reduce side slope slump and rainwater spatters
Erosion effect;
2. use pulse family/non-leguminous plant collocation, shrub and herbaceous plant collocation plantation, can have during vegetation growth
Effect improves Riparian Zone soil fertility;
3. use degradable nonwoven polypropylene fabric to carry out side slope covering, play soil moisture conservation effect, increase the erosion control of side slope soil
Brush and sliding, ability of collapsing, improve plant primary growth environment.After vegetation survives, the later stage is without nourishment again, degradable nothing
Also environment will not be caused secondary pollution after spinning cloth natural decomposition.It is heavier, apart from human settlement that the present invention is suitable for soil erosion
Farther out, the more difficult agricultural watershed Riparian Zone of maintenance, protection Riparian buffers can be effectively played after technology implementation, reduce water and soil stream
Lose, reduce the effect of pollution of area source, for building Riparian Zone healthy, natural, improving water quality of river and Riparian Zone ecological environment
Serve positive effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Riparian Zone side slope soil-plant-Biostatic technical pattern schematic diagram.
1 is bunding district, and 2 plant vegetation for bunding district, and 3 is side slope protection district, and 4 is little slope, and 5 is chain-wales, and 6 is side slope
Guard plot cuttage vegetation, 7 is nonwoven polypropylene fabric, and 8 is hell fence, and 9 is ordinary water level district, riverbank.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further explained explanation, the present embodiment with technical solution of the present invention is being
Implement under premise, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-Biostatic technology recovery district is set up in section, protection zone, the Shuan Anqiao Liaohe River, Tieling
1000 meters, by tracking observation, respond well.
Bunding sector width is set to 12 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual Qis of row along riverbank parallel direction
Willow, line-spacing is 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m,
2 groups of purple willows and 2 groups of false indigos are planted the most respectively.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom of shrub planting area,
Alfalfa and melilotus, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 4 meters, gradient is 45 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two
The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1.2 meters, inclination angle is less than 45 °, near bunding district with lean on
On the little slope in nearly ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 80 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 20 strains/m2.Phase
Chain-wales width even is set to 20cm, cuttage one row false indigo on chain-wales, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 2 m, a diameter of
The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.5m, and two timber spacing are 40
Cm, uses the iron wire of intersection to be connected between timber.
Engineering completes 6 months, the newborn root system average production degree of depth of individual plant purple willow up to 50cm, newborn branch height up to
More than 70cm, individual plant false indigo new life main root length is up to more than 30cm;Estimate its vegetation coverage and reach more than 90%, and right
40-50% is only had according to Riparian vegetation coverage.
The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing in Project Areas is improved, and soil density, moisture content are above compareing sloping bank, soil
Earth shearing strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank erosion obtain certain control
System.After experience heavy rain (maximum hour rainfall 85 mm), the bank slope area that caves in is only and compares the 25% of sloping bank.
Embodiment 2:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in Xiu Shui section, protection zone, the Liaohe River
Dike sector width is set to 10 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual purple willows of row along riverbank parallel direction, and line-spacing is 1
M, spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, plants the most respectively
2 groups of purple willows and 1 group of false indigo are planted.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom, rye grass and the grass of shrub planting area
Sweet-scented osmanthus, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 3 meters, gradient is 30 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two
The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1 meter, inclination angle is less than 30 °, near bunding district and close
On the little slope in ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 60 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 10 strains/m2.It is connected
Chain-wales width be set to 20cm, cuttage one row false indigo on chain-wales, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 1.5m, a diameter of
The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.0 m, and two timber spacing are
50cm, uses the iron wire of intersection to be connected between timber.
After engineering completes, vegetation survival rate is up to more than 80%, and after 1 year, Project Areas vegetation coverage is up to 70-80%, right
40-50% is only had according to Riparian vegetation coverage.The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing is improved, and soil density, moisture content are equal
Higher than comparison sloping bank, soil shear strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank slope
Corrode and obtain certain control.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment 3 is implemented under following implementation condition and technology requirement condition:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in protection zone, Liaohe River Stone Buddha Temple section
Dike sector width is set to 15 meters,
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in Xiu Shui section, protection zone, the Liaohe River
Dike sector width is set to 15 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual purple willows of row along riverbank parallel direction, and line-spacing is 1
M, spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, plants the most respectively
3 groups of purple willows and 2 groups of false indigos.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom of shrub planting area, rye grass, melilotus
And alfalfa, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 3 meters, gradient is 50 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two
The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1 meter, inclination angle is less than 45 °, near bunding district and close
On the little slope in ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 100 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 25 strains/m2.Phase
Chain-wales width even is set to 20cm, cuttage two row false indigo on chain-wales, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 2.5 m, a diameter of
The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 2 m, and two timber spacing are 30 cm,
The iron wire using intersection between timber is connected.
After engineering completes, vegetation survival rate is up to more than 70%, and after 1 year, Project Areas vegetation coverage is up to more than 90%, aobvious
Write the 40-50% higher than comparison Riparian Zone.The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing in Project Areas is improved, soil density, moisture content
Being above compareing sloping bank, soil shear strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank
Slope is corroded and is obtained certain control.