CN104762923B - The soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method - Google Patents

The soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method Download PDF

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CN104762923B
CN104762923B CN201510109862.2A CN201510109862A CN104762923B CN 104762923 B CN104762923 B CN 104762923B CN 201510109862 A CN201510109862 A CN 201510109862A CN 104762923 B CN104762923 B CN 104762923B
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side slope
little
slope protection
plant
district
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CN104762923A (en
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张鸿龄
马国峰
孙丽娜
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Cheng Bang ecological environment Limited by Share Ltd
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Shenyang University
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

The edaphophyte Biostatic method of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope, relate to the antihunt means of a kind of ecological agriculture, first carry out the most smooth after, along direction, parallel riverbank, start first to plant the 3 annual purple willows of row from river course, then plant the 3 annual false indigos of row, intersect the most successively and plant purple willow and false indigo;Side slope protection district carries out manual amendment, and whole side slope protection section is arranged to the step structure that three little slopes are connected with two chain-wales;All using nonwoven polypropylene fabric to protect on the little slope of side slope protection section, be first layed in by non-woven fabrics on little slope, top and bottom are fixed with rivet respectively, mid portion cuttage vegetation;On the little slope of side slope protection section, cuttage vegetation is purple willow, cuttage a line false indigo on the chain-wales centre position of side slope protection section;The method artificial perturbation is few, it is cheap to spend, it is fast, effective to recover, near-nature forest view, the later stage without nourishment ecological revetment and pollute resistance control.

Description

The soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the antihunt means of a kind of ecological agriculture, particularly relate to the soil of a kind of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope Earth-plant-Biostatic method.
Background technology
Riparian Zone is the ecotone between river Yu land, regulating the climate, conserves water and soil, has weight in terms of flood control The function wanted.Healthy riparian ecosystem should have the most elastic and stronger stability.The target of river channel ecology bank protection Precisely in order to rebuild the riparian ecosystem being damaged, recover its stability and Gu Po, cut the ecological functions such as dirt and habitat.One Since Zhi, the ecological vestige of urban river studied more, and has ignored the river ecosystem restoration of agricultural watershed and be suitable for Ecological vestige in agricultural district.
Agricultural watershed is with agricultural production as pillar industry or with the basin that agricultural land is main patterns of land use, bag Include the part suburb in city and vast rural area.Owing to agricultural watershed river water area area is big, gather in the network of waterways, lack again river The management of stream ecosystem, ecological environment is the most fragile, lacks good vegetation buffering between river water and agricultural production district Band, causes that Riparian Zone Soil erosion is serious, vegetation is rare, river course becomes silted up resistance, water body pollution of area source is serious.
Traditional bulkhead tech many employings engineering measure, mainly grouts or dry stone pitching, cast-in-place concrete bank protection, pre- Concrete bodies bank protection processed, retaining wall bank protection etc..The bulkhead tech of these versions is keeping bank slope Stability Analysis of Structures, prevents water and soil Loss aspect plays a role, and short-term bank protection effect is more significant, but owing to its quantities is big, particularly to natural limit, river course The disturbance on slope is big, changes the naturalness of Riparian Zone, goes down for a long time and can change the natural succession of riparian ecosystem, cause Water body and the deterioration of terrestrial environment.
The ecological vestige principal mode that Later development gets up has plant type bank protection, earth working material aggregate species phytyl bank protection With eco-concrete bank protection etc..The planting patterns of plant predominantly Planting Grass, lay turf, hydraulic pressure and gush grass planting and three-dimensional is planted Grass etc..Although such technology has the advantage that construction is simple, landscape effect is good, but grass seed is easily washed away by rainwater, and survival rate is low, rain After easily cause the slope problem such as slope rill erosion, table soil loss, and later stage nourishment requires high, and maintenance costs is relatively big, no It is suitable for the most remote agricultural watershed Riparian Zone.Directly plantation shrub slope protection technology, although have artificial perturbation few, construction letter Advantage single, cheap, that maintenance is low, but owing to riverbank is with certain gradient, the moisture content phase of domatic soil from top to down Difference is relatively big, and preserving soil moisture difference of ability is big, and the soil moisture content being in Po Ding position is relatively low, is unfavorable for plant growing, agricultural stream Farther out, it is more difficult to manage and protect, and Riparian buffers vertical distribution will present coverage from below to up for territory Riparian Zone distance human settlement The lowest phenomenon, or " speckle " occurs, it is unfavorable for beautifying of bank protection view, is less useful for bank protection water and soil conservation.
For this situation, later stage people use covering agricultural film or non-woven fabrics to reduce soil water evaporation, and Maintain a stable internal temperature, play the effect of a soil moisture conservation.But, after vegetation survives, discarded agricultural film and Non-woven fabrics should not decompose in nature, and environment can be caused secondary pollution.
At present, existing ecological vestige is broadly divided into two classes, and a class is that plant-engineering measure is combined bank protection, such Technology is generally with concrete, sandstone, cement class engineering as substrate, and landscape effect is preferable, but the natural performance of slope body is thoroughly changed Becoming, its due habitat, Yuan Hui, pollution resistance control ability are all restricted or lose, and such technology is also mainly used in city Section, city;Another kind of is to utilize merely vegetation slope pavement, is characterized in near-nature forest view, but protection against erosion and cunning, ability of collapsing are by one Foregone conclusion limit, and the nourishment needed is costly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of soil-plant-Biostatic method of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope, pin Feature and ecological demand to agricultural watershed Riparian Zone, it is provided that a kind of artificial perturbation is few, it is cheap to spend, recover fast, effective, near Natural landscape, later stage are controlled without ecological revetment and the pollution resistance of nourishment.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Riparian buffers soil-plant-Biostatic method being applicable to agricultural watershed of the present invention, by river in the present invention Bank band is divided into bunding district and side slope protection district.
Described bunding sector width is set to 10-15 m, first carry out the most smooth after, along direction, parallel riverbank, from close Starting at river course first to plant the 3 annual purple willows of row, plantation purple willow line-spacing is 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.8 m.Then 3 rows are planted annual False indigo, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, intersects the most successively and plants purple willow and false indigo.In described plantation Purple willow and false indigo below sow herbaceous plant Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., facet syndrom, rye grass or alfalfa.
Described side slope protection district carries out manual amendment, builds into little slope from bunding district to ordinary water level district and is connected with chain-wales The notch cuttype side slope protection band connect, every section little slope is respectively less than 45 °, and the chain-wales width being connected is set to 20cm.Whole side slope Protected section is arranged to the step structure that three little slopes are connected with two chain-wales.
Nonwoven polypropylene fabric is all used to protect on the little slope of described side slope protection section.First non-woven fabrics is layed in little slope On, top and bottom are fixed with rivet respectively, mid portion cuttage vegetation.
On the little slope of described side slope protection section, cuttage vegetation is purple willow, and purple willow section all uses 20cm length, has a 2-3 above The annual purple willow branch of individual spore.On the little slope in bunding district and close ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 60-100 Strain/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 10-25 strain/m2
Cuttage a line false indigo on the chain-wales centre position of described side slope protection section, spacing in the rows is 15cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of described Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber is set to long 1.5-2.5 The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in m, a diameter of 10-20 cm, bottom.
Described timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.0-2.0m, and two timber spacing are 30-50 cm, uses between timber The iron wire intersected is connected.
Advantages of the present invention with effect is:
1. use the simple plant-soil engineering measure being suitable for that Riparian buffers is repaired, nature original to side slope Performance disturbance is less, and side slope uses the pattern that little slope is connected with chain-wales, can substantially reduce side slope slump and rainwater spatters Erosion effect;
2. use pulse family/non-leguminous plant collocation, shrub and herbaceous plant collocation plantation, can have during vegetation growth Effect improves Riparian Zone soil fertility;
3. use degradable nonwoven polypropylene fabric to carry out side slope covering, play soil moisture conservation effect, increase the erosion control of side slope soil Brush and sliding, ability of collapsing, improve plant primary growth environment.After vegetation survives, the later stage is without nourishment again, degradable nothing Also environment will not be caused secondary pollution after spinning cloth natural decomposition.It is heavier, apart from human settlement that the present invention is suitable for soil erosion Farther out, the more difficult agricultural watershed Riparian Zone of maintenance, protection Riparian buffers can be effectively played after technology implementation, reduce water and soil stream Lose, reduce the effect of pollution of area source, for building Riparian Zone healthy, natural, improving water quality of river and Riparian Zone ecological environment Serve positive effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Riparian Zone side slope soil-plant-Biostatic technical pattern schematic diagram.
1 is bunding district, and 2 plant vegetation for bunding district, and 3 is side slope protection district, and 4 is little slope, and 5 is chain-wales, and 6 is side slope Guard plot cuttage vegetation, 7 is nonwoven polypropylene fabric, and 8 is hell fence, and 9 is ordinary water level district, riverbank.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further explained explanation, the present embodiment with technical solution of the present invention is being Implement under premise, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to Following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-Biostatic technology recovery district is set up in section, protection zone, the Shuan Anqiao Liaohe River, Tieling 1000 meters, by tracking observation, respond well.
Bunding sector width is set to 12 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual Qis of row along riverbank parallel direction Willow, line-spacing is 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, 2 groups of purple willows and 2 groups of false indigos are planted the most respectively.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom of shrub planting area, Alfalfa and melilotus, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 4 meters, gradient is 45 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1.2 meters, inclination angle is less than 45 °, near bunding district with lean on On the little slope in nearly ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 80 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 20 strains/m2.Phase Chain-wales width even is set to 20cm, cuttage one row false indigo on chain-wales, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 2 m, a diameter of The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.5m, and two timber spacing are 40 Cm, uses the iron wire of intersection to be connected between timber.
Engineering completes 6 months, the newborn root system average production degree of depth of individual plant purple willow up to 50cm, newborn branch height up to More than 70cm, individual plant false indigo new life main root length is up to more than 30cm;Estimate its vegetation coverage and reach more than 90%, and right 40-50% is only had according to Riparian vegetation coverage.
The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing in Project Areas is improved, and soil density, moisture content are above compareing sloping bank, soil Earth shearing strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank erosion obtain certain control System.After experience heavy rain (maximum hour rainfall 85 mm), the bank slope area that caves in is only and compares the 25% of sloping bank.
Embodiment 2:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in Xiu Shui section, protection zone, the Liaohe River Dike sector width is set to 10 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual purple willows of row along riverbank parallel direction, and line-spacing is 1 M, spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, plants the most respectively 2 groups of purple willows and 1 group of false indigo are planted.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom, rye grass and the grass of shrub planting area Sweet-scented osmanthus, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 3 meters, gradient is 30 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1 meter, inclination angle is less than 30 °, near bunding district and close On the little slope in ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 60 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 10 strains/m2.It is connected Chain-wales width be set to 20cm, cuttage one row false indigo on chain-wales, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 1.5m, a diameter of The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.0 m, and two timber spacing are 50cm, uses the iron wire of intersection to be connected between timber.
After engineering completes, vegetation survival rate is up to more than 80%, and after 1 year, Project Areas vegetation coverage is up to 70-80%, right 40-50% is only had according to Riparian vegetation coverage.The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing is improved, and soil density, moisture content are equal Higher than comparison sloping bank, soil shear strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank slope Corrode and obtain certain control.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment 3 is implemented under following implementation condition and technology requirement condition:
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in protection zone, Liaohe River Stone Buddha Temple section Dike sector width is set to 15 meters,
Riparian buffers soil-plant-500 meters, Biostatic technology recovery district, bank is set up in Xiu Shui section, protection zone, the Liaohe River Dike sector width is set to 15 meters, from river course, plants the 3 annual purple willows of row along riverbank parallel direction, and line-spacing is 1 M, spacing in the rows is 0.8 m, then plants the 3 annual false indigos of row, plants false indigo line-spacing 1m, and spacing in the rows is 1 m, plants the most respectively 3 groups of purple willows and 2 groups of false indigos.Lower floor's equal proportion mixed planting herbaceous plant facet syndrom of shrub planting area, rye grass, melilotus And alfalfa, canopy density 100%.
The side slope protection head of district 3 meters, gradient is 50 °, build into ordinary water level district from bunding district three little slopes with two The notch cuttype side slope protection band that chain-wales is connected, every section little slope length 1 meter, inclination angle is less than 45 °, near bunding district and close On the little slope in ordinary water level district, purple willow cutting density is 100 strains/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 25 strains/m2.Phase Chain-wales width even is set to 20cm, cuttage two row false indigo on chain-wales, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 15 cm.
Arranging hell fence at the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, timber selects long 2.5 m, a diameter of The deal pile into oblique angle is cut in 10-20 cm, bottom.Timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 2 m, and two timber spacing are 30 cm, The iron wire using intersection between timber is connected.
After engineering completes, vegetation survival rate is up to more than 70%, and after 1 year, Project Areas vegetation coverage is up to more than 90%, aobvious Write the 40-50% higher than comparison Riparian Zone.The sloping bank shallow topsoil degree of packing in Project Areas is improved, soil density, moisture content Being above compareing sloping bank, soil shear strength strengthens.Vegetation root system forms network structure, enhances the structural of soil, makes bank Slope is corroded and is obtained certain control.

Claims (1)

1. the soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method, it is characterised in that described method includes river Bank band is divided into bunding district and side slope protection district, and region is designed and included below scheme:
Bunding sector width is set to 10-15m, first carry out the most smooth after, along direction, parallel riverbank, from the river course First planting the 3 annual purple willows of row, plantation purple willow line-spacing is 1 m, and spacing in the rows is 0.8 m;Then plant the 3 annual false indigos of row, plant Planting false indigo line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows is 1 m, intersects the most successively and plants purple willow and false indigo;At the purple willow planted and purple Herbaceous plant Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., facet syndrom, rye grass or alfalfa is sowed below fringe Chinese scholartree;Side slope protection district carries out manual amendment, from The notch cuttype side slope protection band that little slope is connected is built in bunding district to ordinary water level district with chain-wales, and every section little slope is respectively less than 45 °, the chain-wales width being connected is set to 20cm;Whole side slope protection section is arranged to three little slopes and two chain-wales phases Step structure even;All use nonwoven polypropylene fabric to protect on the little slope of side slope protection section, first non-woven fabrics is layed in little On slope, top and bottom are fixed with rivet respectively, mid portion cuttage vegetation;On the little slope of side slope protection section, cuttage is planted By for purple willow, purple willow section all uses 20cm length, has the annual purple willow branch of 2-3 spore above;The little of side slope protection section is put down Cuttage a line false indigo on platform centre position;At the lower end ordinary water level of Riparian Zone side slope protection section, hell fence is set;
On the little slope of described side slope protection section, cuttage vegetation is purple willow, near bunding district and the little slope in close ordinary water level district Upper purple willow cutting density is 60-100 strain/m2, on middle little slope, purple willow cutting density is 10-25 strain/m2
Described side slope protection section cuttage a line false indigo, spacing in the rows is 15cm;
Described Riparian Zone side slope protection section timber is set to long 1.5-2.5 m, a diameter of 10-20 cm, bottom are cut as oblique angle Deal pile;
Described timber stud is in river course, and the degree of depth is 1.0-2.0m, and two timber spacing are 30-50 cm, uses and intersect between timber Iron wire be connected.
CN201510109862.2A 2015-03-13 2015-03-13 The soil-plant of agricultural watershed Riparian Zone side slope-Biostatic method Active CN104762923B (en)

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CN105178269B (en) * 2015-07-13 2017-05-03 广州恒盛园林股份有限公司 Low-maintenance durable landscape ecology ditch
CN106471913B (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-09-28 深圳市日昇园林绿化有限公司 A kind of greening means of defence of precipice
CN106587492B (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-12-05 中国水利水电科学研究院 A kind of non-point source pollution control method based on preserving soil moisture principle
CN109750627A (en) * 2019-02-01 2019-05-14 张荣斌 A kind of biology barricade shore protection assembly
CN110268892B (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-10-29 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Method for comprehensively treating spartina alterniflora by terrace type surrounding flooding and mowing
CN111898896B (en) * 2020-07-24 2022-06-03 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Watershed non-point source pollution loss intensity evaluation method considering soil attributes
CN112982294A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-18 沈阳大学 Method for constructing riverbank stabilization-buffering-regulation function lifting buffer zone

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CN100464030C (en) * 2004-01-09 2009-02-25 施民 Ecological bank protection
CN100398753C (en) * 2007-07-20 2008-07-02 北京市水利科学研究所 Reservoir bank ecological protection system
CN201314039Y (en) * 2008-12-15 2009-09-23 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 Ecological recovering type bank protection structure in riverway beaches
KR101031370B1 (en) * 2009-02-10 2011-04-29 김연술 slope face protection engineering method with corn fabric vegetation mat
CN104179150A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-12-03 郑丙辉 Ecological slope protection structure

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Inventor after: Fang Liqiang

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