CN104756917B - A kind of breeding method of Margarita - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of Margarita Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756917B CN104756917B CN201510168670.9A CN201510168670A CN104756917B CN 104756917 B CN104756917 B CN 104756917B CN 201510168670 A CN201510168670 A CN 201510168670A CN 104756917 B CN104756917 B CN 104756917B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of Margarita, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：The hydriopsis cumingii of 15 ages health is taken, by 10 20/m3Density is cultivated, and then adds bata-carotene, the addition of bata-carotene is 1.5 6.25g/m3, the processing time of bata-carotene is 30 180 days, and the breeding technique of the invention by adjusting hydriopsis cumingii adjusts bata-carotene processing time, can effectively control the physiological metabolism and biomineralization of hydriopsis cumingii, the experiment proved that：CAT enzymes, POD specific activity of enzyme in hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization occur in that the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards " with the extension of bata-carotene processing time, effectively induction of the enzyme activity in hydriopsis cumingii body, promote the formation of aragonite, the regular arrangement of chip, improves the color and luster of pearl.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of Margarita, specifically refer to by studying beta carotene to triangle
The influence of sail freshwater mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) pearl crystal structure formation, illustrates the shape that beta carotene promotes pearl aragonite
Into CaCO3The regular arrangement of chip, improves the color and luster of pearl.
Background technology：
Pearl is a kind of ancient organic gemstone, is increasingly liked in recent years by people.According to statistics, the current whole world
Fresh water pearl 95% is from China, and China has become the fresh water pearl producing country of global maximum, but with the life of the pearls such as Japan
Production state compares, and a pearl that China the is produced good high quality pearl of big, mellow and full, color yields poorly, and the pearl output value only accounts for global treasure
The 10% of the pearl gross output value, therefore, how General Promotion pearl quality, increase its added value, it has also become China pearl culture
One of urgent problem to be solved in industry.
In China, fresh water pearl is mainly derived from hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii), and it is by hydriopsis cumingii
Outer embrane and the CaCO of pearl sac secretion3With organic substrate calcification by a certain percentage formed crystallization (Manne et al,
1994), its main component is CaCO3, content accounts for the 90%-95% of whole pearl, next to that organic substrate such as glycoprotein, viscous many
Sugar and metallic element etc. (Weiner et al, 1983).According to the evaluation criteria (GB/T 18781-2008) of pearl, pearl
Quality depends primarily on size, shape, color and the gloss of pearl, and wherein size and shape is essentially identical and treasure that color is good
Pearl, price is often several times even tens times of similar other pearls, therefore, how to lift treasure by improveing the color and luster of pearl
The quality of pearl turns into focus of concern.
The color and luster of pearl can be divided into body colour and with color, body colour just refers to the body color of pearl, and it depends on organic substrate
Composition and content (high rock etc., 2001)；Refer to that nacre is formed to comprehensive functions such as the reflections, interference, diffraction of light with color
Iridescence, it depend on CaCO3The micro-structural of crystal.In recent years research finds there is carotenoid (Uroms in fresh water pearl
Et al, 1991；Zhang Gangsheng etc., 2001), and carotenoid is to CaCO3Crystallization there is certain influence (various concentrations β-Hu
Influence of the radish element to hydriopsis cumingii early stage pearl color, Han Jiwei etc., 2011).
《Influence of the various concentrations beta carotene to hydriopsis cumingii early stage pearl color》In one text, inventor's research hair
It is existing, in the cultivating process of hydriopsis cumingii, certain density beta carotene is added, hydriopsis cumingii physiological metabolism can be influenceed, carried
The color and luster and quality of high pearl.
But above-mentioned article only discusses influence of the various concentrations beta carotene to hydriopsis cumingii early stage pearl color, not
The many factors of considerations influence Margarita quality, and inventor has found in further research, the place of beta carotene
Reason time, growth and CaCO to hydriopsis cumingii3Crystallization has considerable influence, and the studies above not yet someone is related to.
The content of the invention：
It is an object of the present invention to systematic research influence hydriopsis cumingii CaCO3Each factor of crystallization, especially seeks
Growth and CaCO of the factors such as the processing time of beta carotene to hydriopsis cumingii3The influence of crystallization, so as to provide a kind of jib
The breeding method of freshwater mussel pearl, improves Margarita layer crystallization, improves the color and luster and quality of pearl.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows：
A kind of breeding method of Margarita, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Take the triangle of 1-5 ages health
Sail freshwater mussel, by 10-20/m3Density is cultivated, and then adds beta carotene, the addition of beta carotene is 1.5-6.25g/
m3, the processing time of beta carotene is 30-180 days, you can obtain high-quality pearl.
It is further to set as follows：
Preferably, control water temperature is at 27-35 DEG C, and dissolved oxygen amount is 5-10mg/L, pH value >=8.Water temperature is raised, can be to jib
Freshwater mussel forms stress, may trigger the defence emergency reaction of hydriopsis cumingii, so as to keep higher ratio (enzyme) vigor.And pH value >=8
When, the size of pearl, color and luster are generally significantly improved.
Preferably, it is 15/m to control cultivation density3, water temperature control is at 30 DEG C, and the addition of beta carotene is 6.25g/
m3, the processing time of beta carotene is 90-120 days.
The beta carotene is preferably the beta carotene that mass concentration is 10%.
Rational cultivation density, controls injected volume and the processing time of beta carotene, can influence the trial of hydriopsis cumingii
Metabolism and biomineralization, formation and content especially for aragonite are improved, and then lift the quality of Margarita, are had substantially
Facilitation.
The present invention principle and have the beneficial effect that：
The present invention observes the processing time of beta carotene using zymetology, X-ray diffraction, SEM method,
And other correlative factors, the influence to Margarita quality.
As a result show, by adjusting the breeding technique of hydriopsis cumingii, adjust beta carotene processing time, can effectively control
The physiological metabolism and biomineralization of hydriopsis cumingii processed, the experiment proved that：CAT in hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization
Enzyme, POD specific activity of enzyme occur in that the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards " with the extension of beta carotene processing time.When β-carrot
When the processing time of element is 120d, the Rate activity highest of CAT enzymes, is (115.75 ± 4.49) U/ in hydriopsis cumingii mantle tissue
g；The Rate activity of POD enzymes is minimum, is (26.96 ± 1.21) U/g；When beta carotene processing time is 90d, aragonite in pearl
Percentage composition highest, be 90%, then with the extension of processing time, the content of aragonite is gradually reduced, ball aragonite and side solve
The content of stone gradually rises.When the processing time of beta carotene is 90d, Margarita layer crystallization is best.
Result above shows, controls the processing time of beta carotene, is conducive to improving the enzyme activity in hydriopsis cumingii body,
Promote the formation of aragonite, the regular arrangement of chip improves the color and luster of pearl.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is Margarita XRD diffracting spectrums (A is beta carotene treatment group)；
Fig. 2 is Margarita XRD diffracting spectrums (B is blank control group)；
Fig. 3 is Margarita ball aragonite, mass fraction (the beta carotene processing of calcite under the different disposal time
Group is that left side post, blank control group are right side post)；
Fig. 4 be processing time be 30 days Margarita SEM observation (left side be beta carotene at
Reason group, right side are blank control group)；
Fig. 5 be processing time be 60 days Margarita SEM observation (left side be beta carotene at
Reason group, right side are blank control group)；
Fig. 6 be processing time be 90 days Margarita SEM observation (left side be beta carotene at
Reason group, right side are blank control group)；
Fig. 7 be processing time be 120 days Margarita SEM observation (left side is beta carotene
Treatment group, right side are blank control group)；
Fig. 8 be processing time be 150 days Margarita SEM observation (left side is beta carotene
Treatment group, right side are blank control group)；
Fig. 9 be processing time be 180 days Margarita SEM observation (left side is beta carotene
Treatment group, right side are blank control group).
Embodiment：
Embodiment one：Influence of the different disposal time to Margarita color and luster.
1st, material：
1.1st, experimental animal and packet：
The 1 age healthy hydriopsis cumingii 250 of piece is planted, Shaoxing Zhuji Shan Xiahu is derived from, after being raised through the adaptability of 1 week, with
Machine takes 240 to be divided into 2 groups, and numbering is I, II.Every group sets 6 parallel groups, and each parallel group 20 is raised in aquarium respectively
In, each aquarium is put into each 1.0m of pond water after aeration3.Beta carotene is added in I aquariums, makes its final concentration
For 6.25g/m3, No. II is blank control group, without beta carotene.
Cultural method according to hydriopsis cumingii carries out daily cultivation and management, control dissolved oxygen amount, pH value, trace element and bait
Expect envirment factor substantially constant, wherein：It is that 5mg/L, pH value are 8 especially to control dissolved oxygen amount.
Whether observation water body is fresh daily, changes water (changing water once at interval of 5 days) in good time, and adds beta carotene to first
Beginning concentration, respectively at 30d, 60d, 90d, 120d, 150d, 180d cut open inspections.
1.2 experimental drug：
The beta carotene (including VE oil, soybean oil, starch, dextrin) of mass concentration 10% purchased from Zhejiang Tongxiang City day and
Sincere food science and technology Co., Ltd；CAT, POD kit are purchased from Nanjing and build up Bioengineering Research Institute.
2nd, method of testing：
2.1 hydriopsis cumingiis tissue in CAT, POD specific activity of enzyme measure take respectively different disposal time beta carotene group and
Each 12 of control group hydriopsis cumingii, dissection, takes outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization 0.5-1.0g, is floated in the physiological saline of precooling
After washing, 10% homogenate is prepared, 5000r/min centrifugation 10min take supernatant to be carried out according to kit specification to each sample
After absorbance measurement, the Rate activity (U/g) of CAT, POD enzyme is calculated as follows, using SPSS17.0 statistical softwares to data
Carry out variance analysis.
The measure of 2.2 Margarita X-ray diffractions takes Margarita to distill natural air drying after water washing, wears into
Less than 200 mesh powder, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) diffraction analysis is carried out to Pearl with X-ray diffractometer, is used
CuKa rays and 2 θ patterns, sweep speed are 2 °/min, and 2 θ scopes are 20-60 °, using semiquantitative method, to aragonite, ball in sample
Aragonite, calcite carry out mass fraction calculating.
The observation of 2.3 Margaritas layer SEM takes Margarita to be immersed in 5%NaOCl solution
It is clean with distilled water flushing after middle 10min, drying.Metal spraying on sample stage is placed in, using Hitachi-7650 scanning electron microscopies
Mirror, is observed nacre, records result.
3rd, test result：
The Rate activity of CAT, POD enzyme in 3.1 hydriopsis cumingiis tissue：
As shown in Table 1, in hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization CAT enzymes Rate activity, in internal organ Youth League organization
It is minimum in highest, mantle tissue.Beta carotene treatment group is compared with control group in each tissue, beta carotene treatment group
The Rate activity of CAT enzymes is always above control group, and with the extension of processing time, the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards " occurs,
That is during beta carotene processing 30-120d, the Rate activity of extension CAT enzymes over time gradually rises, when handling 120d,
The Rate activity highest of CAT enzymes in outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization, respectively (115.75 ± 4.49) U/g, (137.14 ±
2.90) U/g, (240.27 ± 2.99) U/g, the significant difference (P compared with control group<0.05).Hereafter as beta carotene is handled
The increase of time, Rate activity is gradually reduced.
It is minimum in mantle tissue for the Rate activity of POD enzymes, secondly it is the POD specific activity of enzyme in gill tissue, internal organ
Highest in Youth League organization, and beta carotene treatment group is always less than blank control group (being shown in Table 2).With the extension of time, each
The Rate activity of POD enzymes in tissue also occurs in that the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards ", when beta carotene handles 120d, overcoat
The Rate activity highest of POD enzymes in each tissue of film, the gill, visceral mass, is respectively (26.96 ± 1.21) U/g, (57.34 ± 7.73)
, there is significant difference (P compared with control group in U/g, (82.33 ± 7.31) U/g<0.05).
The vigor (U/g, n=12) of CAT enzymes in the hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane of table 1, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization
Tab.1Enzyme specific activities of CAT in mantle,gill,visceral mass
tissue of H.cumingii
Note：* represent that same tissue beta carotene group of same time compared with control group, has significant difference (P<
0.05)
The vigor (U/g, n=12) of POD enzymes in the hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane of table 2, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization
Tab.2Enzyme specific activities of POD in mantle,gill,visceral mass
tissue of H.cumingii
Note：* represent that same histological examination group of same time compared with control group, has significant difference (P<0.05)
The XRD diffracting spectrums of 3.2 Margaritas：
From Fig. 1-Fig. 3, Margarita either beta carotene treatment group or blank control group, in 2 θ
At value about 26.2,31.8,29.4, the characteristic diffraction peak (Fig. 1,2) of aragonite, ball aragonite, calcite is occurred in that respectively.With standard
Aragonite, ball aragonite, calcite compare, to pearl sample carry out semi-quantitative analysis, as a result show beta carotene processing 30d when,
Aragonite, ball aragonite, the mass fraction of calcite are respectively 81%, 13%, 6% in pearl；Aragonite, ball aragonite, side in control group
Xie Shi mass fraction is respectively 89%, 1%, 10%, compared with other each periods, calcite content highest now.With
The extension of beta carotene processing time, the mass fraction of aragonite gradually rises, when beta carotene handles 90d, aragonite
Content highest, is 90%, then with the extension of processing time, and the content of aragonite is gradually reduced, and ball aragonite and calcite contain
Amount gradually rises.Beta carotene treatment group is compared with blank control group, and the aragonite content of control group is less than beta carotene processing
Group (Fig. 3).
The SEM observation of 3.3 Margaritas layer is (as shown in figures 4-9)：
From Fig. 4-Fig. 9, when beta carotene handles 30d, the chip of Margarita layer is in subcircular, size
It is more uniform, arrange more neat, surface is more smooth, whole chip is in sheet arrangement (Fig. 4).When beta carotene handles 60d,
Chip is changed into hexagon, corner angle gradually clearly demarcated and thickness increase (Fig. 5) from subcircular.It is when the processing time of beta carotene
During 90d, Margarita layer crystallization is best, and chip is in regular hexagon, and shape is clear, clear-cut, edge is straight, thick and heavy full
It is full；From exposed secondary top layer, secondary top layer is still constituted for regular hexagon chip, the very even uniform of arrangement, extexine
Hexagon chip nucleation is on the hexagon chip on secondary top layer, and chip is arranged layer by layer, close structure, and lamination substantially (is schemed
6).When beta carotene handles 150d, 180d, with the extension of time, the chip of Margarita layer is gradually by positive six side
Deformation it is irregular, there is round bar shape, subcircular, graininess, crystallization corpusculum not of uniform size, the no longer smooth light of pearl layer surface
Sliding, lamination is not obvious, and CaCO3The organic substrate of wafer periphery gradually increases (Fig. 8, Fig. 9).
For blank control group, the chip of Margarita layer occur in that first the crystallization of similar calcite rhombus and
Irregular particle (Fig. 4).With the extension of time, chip gradually becomes the hexagon of rule, the chip architecture formed during 90d
Preferably, obvious surface smoother (Fig. 6) is layered, coarse irregular (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) that then chip lamella becomes again.With β-Hu Luo
Bu Su treatment groups are compared, and the wafer quality of whole period Triangle ID sail freshwater mussel nacre is below beta carotene treatment group.
4th, conclusion：
The influence immune to the Pearl-sac Cells of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis Cumingiilea formation phase of 4.1 beta carotenes：
Hydriopsis cumingii is low aquatic invertebrate, lacks specific immune system, and its nospecific immunity is present
A certain degree of inducibility.Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) are widely distributed in nature, and it can be with
Reflect the state of body Radical Metabolism, and it is closely related with the disease resistance of animals and plants, it is enzymatic protective system in animal and plant cells
In member.Animals and plants can produce substantial amounts of H during metabolism2O2、O2 -, these materials on the one hand can kill bacterium,
Make body from the H of the infringement of bacterium, on the other hand excess2O2、O2 -Body cell can be made to occur Peroxidative damage.CAT enzymes
Main function is exactly to be catalyzed H2O2It is decomposed into H2O and O2, prevent that active oxygen radical from starting Lipid peroxidation metabolism or film fat takes off ester and made
With；POD enzymes are exactly to utilize intracellular harmful metabolite H2O2、O2 -Deng by be equally produce in metabolic process phenol, amine,
The material oxidation Decomposition such as alcohol, aldehyde, to mitigate intracellular toxicity.
In this research, research object is 1 age hydriopsis cumingii, and now hydriopsis cumingii just plants piece, is the weight of pearl sac formation
Want period.The mantle tissue of external source is implanted in acceptor hydriopsis cumingii mantle tissue, at this by way of manually performing the operation
Plant under stimulating, the outer embrane epithelial cell near stimulation point, drastically breeding gradually to surround stimulates former, eventually forms complete pearl
Capsule.Due to planting the stimulation of piece, hydriopsis cumingii occurs inflammatory reaction, peroxide can be largely produced in vivo, removes these peroxides
Compound is to protect freshwater mussel body from oxidative damage, as the necessary ways for promoting pearl sac and pearl to be formed.The study find that β-
Carrotene treatment group is compared with control group, and the vigor of beta carotene treatment group CAT enzymes is always above control group, illustrates β-Hu Luo
Bu Su can induce CAT enzymes, improve freshwater mussel body and remove H2O2Ability, promotes the formation of pearl sac.And with the extension of processing time,
There is the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards ", i.e. beta carotene and handle 30-120d in CAT enzyme activities in hydriopsis cumingii body, with when
Between extension CAT enzyme activity gradually rise, the vigor of CAT enzymes is most when handling 120d, in outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization
Height, the significant difference (P compared with control group<0.05).Hereafter with the increase of beta carotene processing time, vigor is gradually reduced.
This explanation beta carotene has positive facilitation to the CAT enzyme activities of hydriopsis cumingii, but this effect be not it is endless,
Long between when treated, tolerance just occurs in hydriopsis cumingii, and the vigor of CAT enzymes will decline, occur " first promoting to press down afterwards " when
Between effect.
In addition, in this research, either beta carotene treatment group or blank control group, CAT enzymes in hydriopsis cumingii tissue
Vigor highest always in internal organ Youth League organization, minimum (being shown in Table 1) in mantle tissue, what this explanation hydriopsis cumingii was respectively organized
Metabolic capability is different, and internal organ Youth League organization highest, hydriopsis cumingii belongs to Filter feeding bivalves, by filtering the life of swimming in water body
Thing and organic debris obtain nutriment and calcium, and these materials enter after freshwater mussel body, it is necessary to could quilt by the metabolism of visceral mass
Utilize, substantial amounts of H can be produced during metabolism2O2、O2 -, and the high vigor of CAT enzymes is conducive to quickly removing H2O2、O2 -, have
Beneficial to the health for ensureing freshwater mussel body；The other gill is as the main Filtering apparatus of hydriopsis cumingii, and metabolic activity is also relatively more active, therefore group
CAT enzyme activities in knitting are higher, and mantle tissue is mainly used in nacreous deposition and forms pearl, thus CAT enzyme activities are most
It is low.
It is minimum in mantle tissue for the vigor of POD enzymes, secondly it is the POD enzyme activities in gill tissue, visceral mass group
Highest (being shown in Table 2) in knitting, distribution of this explanation POD enzyme in hydriopsis cumingii is organized is also uneven, and visceral mass is used as generation
The main place thanked, in order to avoid POD enzyme activities in the bad infringement such as peroxidating, internal organ Youth League organization occur for freshwater mussel body cell most
By force.Other beta carotene treatment group is always less than blank control group, and this explanation beta carotene has good to hydriopsis cumingii
Anti-oxidant facilitation, and CAT enzymes are higher than POD enzymes, under the induction of beta carotene, triangle to the sensitiveness of beta carotene
Substantial amounts of CAT enzymes are produced in sail freshwater mussel body, CAT enzymes will be metabolized the H produced2O2、O2 -Remove, in vivo excessive H2O2、O2 -Quantity is very
It is few, lack H2O2、O2 -Substrate, body avoids the need for substantial amounts of POD enzymes and continues the materials such as oxidation Decomposition phenol, amine, alcohol, aldehyde, thus
Beta carotene treatment group POD enzyme activities are always less than blank control group.With the extension of time, the work of the POD enzymes in each tissue
Power also occurs in that the time effect of " first promoting to press down afterwards ", this effect to POD enzymes of explanation beta carotene be also it is two-way, i.e., in short-term
Between in the range of 30-120d, play facilitation, be used for a long time more than 120d, an inhibitory action.
CAT and POD enzymes are the protective enzyme members in hydriopsis cumingii body, and the change of their activity imply that in beta carotene
In the presence of other enzymatic activitys related to metabolism are also in change in hydriopsis cumingii body, the change of internal metabolic enzyme certainly will influence three
The metabolism of angle sail freshwater mussel, and then influence CaCO3Crystallization and organic substrate secretion.In our current research, when beta carotene processing
During 90d, the CaCO of Margarita layer3The regular deposition of transistor die, organic substrate secretion is appropriate, CaCO3Crystal point
Layer phenomenon is obvious, and now the activity of CAT and POD enzymes is also higher in hydriopsis cumingii body, is metabolized vigorous, this explanation beta carotene
CAT and POD enzymatic activitys can be induced, promote CaCO3The crystallization of crystal in order, enhancing nacre to the reflection of light, reflect and spread out
Penetrate, lift the iridescence of pearl.
In addition for blank control group, CAT enzymes and POD enzymes in hydriopsis cumingii body can also occur after first raising over time
The effect of reduction, this is mainly influenceed by environment such as temperature, and this research is since May, and November terminates, and water temperature also undergoes
One be gradually increased to reduction process, water temperature can influence the enzyme system in hydriopsis cumingii body, and then influence CaCO3Crystal knot
Structure, thus improve Margarita layer CaCO applying beta carotene3During crystal structure, it should be noted that time of application, preferably select
The enzyme activity selected in hydriopsis cumingii body is stronger, water temperature higher period.
The influence that 4.2 beta carotenes are crystallized to Margarita：
Calcite, aragonite, ball aragonite are CaCO3Three kinds of anhydrous polymorphs, its thermodynamic stability is reduced successively.
Research finds the CaCO in nature3Mainly exist with calcite, ball aragonite and aragonite are actually rare in its natural state, and
With the difference of crystallization condition, any of which or several crystal formations can be formed.Pearl is the biomineralization production of hydriopsis cumingii
CaCO in thing, pearl3Which kind of exist with crystal formation affected by many factors.Research shows CaCO3In crystal aragonite composition it is higher,
CaCO3Crystal shape is more regular, and the iridescence of pearl is better.The study find that calcite, aragonite, ball aragonite coexist in pearl
In, and the mass fraction of three kinds of compositions can change.
For blank control group, the crystal structure of nacre is occurred in that from irregular rhombohedra particle (Fig. 4) to gradually becoming
The process (Fig. 6) of regular hexagonal, coarse irregular (Fig. 8, the Fig. 9) then become again, X-ray diffraction shows calcite in pearl
Mass fraction 30d be up to 10% (Fig. 3), be then gradually reduced.Illustrate under nature, the growth of pearl and CaCO3
Crystal microstructure can also change, the general higher convenient hydriopsis cumingii of breeding water body temperature with the change of cultivation season water body
Nacreous secretion and the growth of pearl.
For beta carotene treatment group, the mass fraction of calcite and ball aragonite and always less than blank control group (figure
3), illustrate that beta carotene can promote the formation of aragonite, reduce the content of calcite and ball aragonite.When the processing of beta carotene
When time is 90d, Margarita layer crystallization is best, and chip is in regular hexagon, and shape is clear, clear-cut；From exposed
Secondary top layer is visible, and secondary top layer is still constituted for regular hexagon chip, and the organic substrate of secretion promotes chip to arrange layer by layer, and structure is tight
Close, lamination is substantially (Fig. 6).Illustrate that beta carotene can promote the appropriate secretion of organic substrate, and the organic group secreted
CaCO can be promoted by containing in matter3With the material of the regular deposition of aragonite crystals, strengthen the iridescence of pearl.
Then with the extension of processing time, the content of aragonite will be reduced gradually, and the content of ball aragonite and calcite is then
Gradually rise.
4.3 summarize
Beta carotene can induce CAT enzymes, POD enzyme activities in hydriopsis cumingii outer embrane, the gill, internal organ Youth League organization, improve
The content of the mass fraction of aragonite in pearl, reduction ball aragonite and calcite, promotes the appropriate secretion of organic substrate, promotes
CaCO3The regular arrangement of aragonite chip, improves nacreous crystal structure, strengthens the iridescence and quality of pearl.
Embodiment two：Under different breeding density, beta carotene concentration, processing time are to the shadow of Margarita color and luster
Ring.
The present embodiment is intended to seek each factor for Margarita cultivation and the influence of quality, and breeding method is with implementation
Example one, difference is, adjusts cultivation density, and tests under different breeding density, and beta carotene concentration, processing time are to three
The influence of angle sail freshwater mussel pearl color, is counted as shown in table 3 below.
Table 3, each factor are to Margarita cultivation and the influence of quality.
Note：In table 3, experiment water temperature sets 30 degree, and comparative example uses conventional cultivation.
As shown in table 3, cultivation density control is in 15/m3, water temperature control is in 30 DEG C, beta carotene concentration 6.25g/m3,
When beta carotene processing time is 90 days, the content highest of aragonite, is 90.5%, and Margarita layer crystallization is best, then
With the extension of processing time, the content of aragonite is gradually reduced, and the content of ball aragonite and calcite then gradually rises.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of breeding method of Margarita, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Take the jib of 1-5 ages health
Freshwater mussel, by 10-20/m3Density is cultivated, and it is 30 DEG C to control water temperature, then adds beta carotene, the addition of beta carotene
Measure as 1.5-6.25g/m3, the processing time of beta carotene is 90-120 days, you can obtain high-quality pearl.
2. a kind of breeding method of Margarita according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Control the dissolved oxygen of cultivation
Measure as 5-10mg/L, pH value >=8.
3. a kind of breeding method of Margarita according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cultivation density is controlled to be
15/m3。
4. a kind of breeding method of Margarita according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Beta carotene plus
Enter amount for 6.25g/m3。
5. a kind of breeding method of Margarita according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Beta carotene is matter
Measure the beta carotene that concentration is 10%.
6. a kind of breeding method of Margarita according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cultivation density is 15
Only/m3, water temperature control is in 30 DEG C, beta carotene concentration 6.25g/m3, beta carotene processing time is 90 days.
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| CN103392634A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-11-20 | 段升华 | Molecular and genetic engineering technology for cultivating colorful fluorescent pearls |
| CN103478025A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell |
| CN103563810A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 王娟 | Method for culturing pearls |
| FR2996724A1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-18 | Robert Wan Holding | Stimulative composition for producing cultured pearls, has proteins and lipids in respective proportions that are adapted to support growth composition of pearls, and to support shining effect and quality of skin of produced pearl |
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| FR2996724A1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-18 | Robert Wan Holding | Stimulative composition for producing cultured pearls, has proteins and lipids in respective proportions that are adapted to support growth composition of pearls, and to support shining effect and quality of skin of produced pearl |
| CN103392634A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-11-20 | 段升华 | Molecular and genetic engineering technology for cultivating colorful fluorescent pearls |
| CN103478025A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2014-01-01 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Cultivating method of hyriopsis cumingii with golden yellow shell |
| CN103563810A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-12 | 王娟 | Method for culturing pearls |
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