CN104707972B - 一种复合耐磨件的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合耐磨件的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104707972B CN104707972B CN201510081534.6A CN201510081534A CN104707972B CN 104707972 B CN104707972 B CN 104707972B CN 201510081534 A CN201510081534 A CN 201510081534A CN 104707972 B CN104707972 B CN 104707972B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic phase
- phase reinforcement
- wear
- ceramic
- resistant
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000919 ceramics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agents Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquids Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrates Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001081830 Degeneriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agents Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound 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Abstract
Description
一种复合耐磨件的制备方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明属于铁基复合材料制造技术领域,具体是涉及一种矿山、水泥、机械等领域 中用于球磨和破碎物料的球磨机衬板、磨球、破碎机破碎壁等复合耐磨件的制备方法。'
背景技术
[0002]耐磨材料广泛应用于冶金、电力、机械、建材、矿山、汽车、高速列车等领域装备中 关键构件,覆盖面广消耗量大,但目前国内外广泛应用的耐磨材料还停留在传统钢铁材料 水平上,主要有高铬铸铁、高锰钢、球墨铸铁、合金钢等,耐磨性与强韧性相互制约、消耗量 大、安全性差,成为相关工业发展的瓶颈。陶瓷颗粒增强钢铁基复合材料兼具陶瓷颗粒的高 硬度与金属基体强韧性,成为替代传统钢铁耐磨材料的首选材料。 °
[0003]为了实现陶瓷颗粒与钢铁基体的复合进而制成复合材料耐磨件产品,国内外科技 工作者一直在不断寻找方法。
[0004]公开号为CN101898238A的中国专利申请公开了一种陶瓷颗粒增强复合耐磨件及 其制造方法,以及公开号为CN101269411A的中国专利申请公开了一种多孔陶瓷/钢铁基复 合材料的制备方法,这两种方法均提供了较好的思路,但存在以下问题:
[000S] 1、陶瓷颗粒制成陶瓷预制体的工艺较繁琐,连同模具放入烧结炉一起烧结,耗费 财力、人力和能源; '
[0006] 2、陶瓷预制体呈柱状、长条状、块状或蜂窝状过于简单,实际产品工作面构型复 杂,无法满足需求;
[0007] 3、预制体之间间隔至少10mm,这种间隔导致在磨损面预留了大量不耐磨的区域, 导致耐磨件的使用寿命短。
发明内容
[0008]本发明的目的在于针对上述存在问题和不足,提供一种生产工艺更加简化,有利 于机械化操作,能够使陶瓷颗粒在耐磨件的磨损面上较均匀分布,有效提高产品使用寿命 的复合耐磨件的制备方法。
[0009]本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
[0010]本发明所述的复合耐磨件的制备方法,其特点是包括如下步骤:
[0011] 1)确定耐磨件工况下的磨损面及失效形式,设计陶瓷增强体构型:陶瓷增强体构 型的厚度为3〜80mm,构型可以是条状、板状或多孔状,需保证浇铸瞬间陶瓷增强体中任意 一个点到达金属液的绝对距离小于lOmrn;
[QQ12] 2)制备陶瓷增强体;
[0013] 3)饶铸金属基体,使陶瓷增强体与金属基体相互结合形成复合耐磨件,形成陶瓷 增强体的陶瓷颗粒是均匀地分布在耐磨件的磨损面上,且金属基体牢固包覆陶瓷颗粒。 [00M]其中,上述步骤2)的具体操作方法如下: '
[0015] 21)制作与陶瓷增强体形状对应的模具;
[0016] 22)将粒径为0.1〜7mm的陶瓷颗粒进行表面镀镍处理;
[0017] 2¾将处理后的陶瓷颗粒与重量百分比为〇.5〜2%的粘结剂混合,填充于模具中, 采用温压成型的方法,制成具有一定强度的陶瓷增强体坯体;
[0018] 24)脱模,放入气氛炉中脱脂固化,得到具有三维多尺度互通孔隙的陶瓷增强体。
[0019]上述步骤3)的具体操作方法如下:
[0020] 31)将陶瓷增强体置于铸造型腔中用于制作耐磨件磨损面的位置处,浇注基体金 属液;
[0021] 32)金属基体材料为铁及其合金,可以是高锰钢、高铬铸铁、球墨铸铁或合金钢;
[0022] 3¾采用中频炉熔炼铁合金形成金属液,浇铸温度在1400〜1500°C,浇铸工艺可以 是重力铸造或负压铸造,使金属液渗入陶瓷增强体孔隙中;
[0023] 34)冷却后,清砂,打磨,得到复合耐磨件。
[0024]上述复合耐磨件为球磨机衬板或铲齿或立轴式破碎机冲击头或破碎机破碎壁或 磨球或其它耐磨材料领域多个种类耐磨件。
[0025]本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
[0026] 1、通过本发明所述的设计原则,能够使陶瓷颗粒在耐磨件的磨损面上较均匀分 布,有效提尚广品使用寿命;
[0027] 2、本发明的生产工艺更加简化,有利于机械化操作。
[0028]下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
附图说明
[0029]图1为本发明制备的复合衬板结构示意图。
[0030]图2为本发明制备的复合破碎壁结构示意图。
[0031]图3为本发明制备的复合磨球结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0032] 本发明所述的复合耐磨件的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
[0033] 1)确定耐磨件工况下的磨损面及失效形式,设计陶瓷增强体构型:构型厚度为3〜 80mm,构型可以是条状、板状或多孔状等,需保证浇铸瞬间陶瓷增强体中任意一个点到达金 属液的绝对距离小于1 〇mm;
[0034] 2)根据所设计陶瓷增强体构型,设计和制作模具;
[0035] 3)将粒径为0.1〜7mm的陶瓷颗粒进行表面镀镲处理;
[0036] 4)将处理后的陶瓷颗粒与重量百分比为0.5〜2%的粘结剂混合,填充于模具中,采 用温压成型的方法,制成具有一定强度的陶瓷增强体坯体; ' 、
[0037] 5)脱模,放入气氛炉中脱脂固化,得到具有三维多尺度互通孔隙的陶瓷增强体;
[0038] 6)采用中频炉溶炼铁合金形成金属液,金属基体材料为铁及其合金,可以是高猛 钢、高铬铸铁、球墨铸铁或合金钢等,浇铸温度在1400〜150(TC; ^ J
[0039] 7)将陶瓷增强体置于铸造型腔中用于制作耐磨件磨损面的位置处,饶注基体金属 液,浇铸工艺可以是重力铸造或负压铸造,使金属液渗入陶瓷增强体孔隙中;
[0040] 8)冷却后,清砂,打磨,得到复合耐磨件,该复合耐磨件为球磨机衬板或I产齿或立 轴式破碎机冲击头或破碎机破碎壁或磨球或其匕耐磨材料领域多个种类。
[0041] 实施例1:
[0042] 1)确定球磨机衬板工况下的磨损面及失效形式,设计陶瓷增强体构型,如图1所 示,构型厚度为40mm,构型为多孔状(六角形蜂窝孔),需保证浇铸瞬间陶瓷增强体中任意一 个点到达金属液的绝对距离小于1 〇mm;
[0043] 2)根据所设计陶瓷增强体构型,设计和制作模具;
[0044] 3)将粒径为4〜7mm的陶瓷颗粒进行表面镀镍处理;
[0045] 4)将处理后的陶瓷颗粒与重量百分比为2%的粘结剂混合,填充于模具中,采用温 压成型的方法,制成具有一定强度的陶瓷增强体坯体;
[0046] 5)脱模,放入气氛炉中脱脂烧结,得到具有三维多尺度互通孔隙的陶瓷增强体;
[0047] 6)采用中频炉熔炼合金钢,浇铸温度为1500 °C ;
[0048] 7)将陶瓷增强体1置于铸造型腔中用于制作耐磨件磨损面的位置处,浇注基体金 属液,重力铸造,使金属液渗入陶瓷增强体孔隙中;
[0049] 8)冷却后,清砂,打磨,得到金属基体1与陶瓷增强体2相结合的复合衬板产品。
[0050]本发明是通过实施例来描述的,但并不对本发明构成限制,参照本发明的描述,所 公开的实施例的其他变化,如对于本领域的专业人士是容易想到的,这样的变化应该属于 本发明权利要求限定的范围之内。
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