CN104705353A - Agent for preventing and treating rice blast and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Agent for preventing and treating rice blast and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104705353A CN104705353A CN201310678874.8A CN201310678874A CN104705353A CN 104705353 A CN104705353 A CN 104705353A CN 201310678874 A CN201310678874 A CN 201310678874A CN 104705353 A CN104705353 A CN 104705353A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an agent for preventing and treating rice blast and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: merging a melia azedarach leaf extract, a mulberry leaf broth and carbendazim, uniformly mixing and filling into a container for usage in five hours; wherein the melia azedarach leaf extract is prepared by boiling melia azedarach leaf with 5-8 times of water for 20-30 minutes and then filtering the leaf residues; wherein the mulberry leaf broth is prepared by picking the fresh mulberry leaf, washing, disinfecting, crushing, placing in a clean glass or ceramic container, adding water and bacillus subtilis, glucose or brown sugar, and fermenting for 3-7 days. The control rate of rice blast through secondary sprinkling of the agent is more than 85%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agent of one rice disease preventing, particularly prevent and treat medicine and the production method thereof of rice blast.
Background technology
Rice blast has another name called rice blast: be commonly called as and burn pest, crack a pest between the teeth, rice blast is one of large important disease of paddy rice four, can cause the significantly underproduction, and the underproduction 40% ~ 50% time serious, even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.Rice blast was just on the books at Ancient Times in China document, as far back as 1637: in the Exploitation of the Works of Nature of SONG Yingxing work, it was called that " inflammation fire " gets off with literature record.Japan also have recorded this disease in 1704.Now, nearly all there is this sick generation in rice seed core district, the whole world, distributes very extensive.There is generation China South And North Rice Regions every year, and its degree that causes harm has difference because kind, culture technique and weather conditions are different, popular time-as the underproduction 10-20%, serious to reach more than 40 one 50%.When rice growing season Leaf is injured serious, withered in flakes, though have not withered, young leaves not easily stretches, rice strain atrophy, can not ear or extract out short and small fringe.Heading stage, fringe neck was injured seriously, then cause a large amount of dead ears or flat grain.
The illness of rice blast mainly causes harm blade, stem stalk, fringe portion, because period of causing harm, position difference are divided into seedling pest, leaf pest, joint pest, panicle blast, grain pest, before seedling pest betide three leaves, caused by seed-borne fungi.Sick seedling base portion is greyish black, top browning, crispaturas and dead, and become yellowish-brown and withered after morbidity, do not form obvious scab, time moist, can grow cinerous mould, when humidity is larger, disease portion produces the mould layer of a large amount of grey black, i.e. pathogen conidiophore and conidium.Leaf pest can occur in whole breeding time.Tillering, it is heavier to cause harm to the shooting stage.
Rice blast may occur in any days in province territory, any season.All occur whole breeding time in paddy rice.Have in rice district, south and north of China and occur in various degree, rice blast all can occur in whole growth period duration of rice, and in recent years, the regional rice blast had occurs increasing trend year by year.
For the control of rice blast, China there has also been some Corresponding Countermeasures at present, chemical control aspect, the medicament that open source literature report is conventional and every mu of medication star as follows: 75% 3 ring flight of steps leading to a palace hall 250g; Or 4% Fuji No. 1 100g; Or 2% kasugarnycin 90g; Or 25% carbendazim 250g; Above pharmacy control efficacy all can reach 80% with.Expert proposes dispenser early to control infection center at leaf pest initial stage of origination, and to rice strain around or rice field dispenser protection, determines to continue spraying times according to PD and Changes in weather later.Generally can use once every 3-5 days, execute 1-2 times altogether.But dispenser emphasis should be placed on the large panicle blast of causing harm property of prevention, and the bacterium source of fringe phase morbidity is usually mainly from leaf pest, so should on the control pandemic basis of leaf pest, in booting latter stage, fringe phase beginning and each dispenser of full heading time once.If weather continues favourable morbidity, can spray again once in the watery stage.Every mu of each spraying liquid 60-75 kilograms.
But the feature that at present control of rice blast is common is that to use chemical agent more, and " nuisanceless " (without pesticide pollution) Rice Production just becomes the task of top priority.In 4 pollution source (pollution of three industrial wastes, health, pollution by chemical fertilizer, pesticide pollution) of crops, the pollution of agricultural chemicals be the most seriously, the most frequent and easily attractive public attention.Only taked to the way hidden these pollution present stages, namely Main Tissues produces the nuisanceless grain without pesticide pollution.This is also the guiding theory of the control of current foodstuff pest.Namely from the view point of economics, ecology and environmental protection; based on cultural control; preferential employing biological control means; promotion plant pesticide or microbial pesticide; select the chemical pesticide of high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual, scientific medication, the usage amount of agricultural chemicals forced down minimum flow, coordinate chemoprevention, the contradiction of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and other physical control means.Pest management below economic threshold, agricultural chemicals residual control country allow below the mark.
Due to current peasants conveniently and fast, mostly use high concentration agricultural chemical, when having sprayed the agricultural chemicals having residual toxin, will cause having the agricultural chemicals of residual toxin to work the mischief to our health, so, advocate and use non-toxic and non-pollution insecticide, Rice Cropping is just become extremely important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of protective agents of the rice blast based on plant extracts, make it to plant out harmless nontoxic paddy rice.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Raw material and the parts by weight of the medicine of control rice blast comprise:
Bitter fruit leaf extract 20 ~ 30 parts;
Mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 20 ~ 30 parts;
Carbendazim 5 ~ 10 parts.
Described bitter fruit leaf extract bitter fruit leaf is added 5-8 water water boil 20-30 minute doubly, elimination leaf slag, the liquid obtained.
Described mulberry leaves zymotic fluid is wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves being plucked, sterilize with disinfectant, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.2-0.5 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 5-10 gram, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation obtains for 3-7 days.
The method for producing medicines of above-mentioned control rice blast is merged bitter fruit leaf extract, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid and carbendazim, mixes, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, in order to avoid living contaminants.
The drug usage of above-mentioned control rice blast is the liquid dilute with water mixed, use 100-200 milliliter for every mu, be watered 15-20 and rise spraying, occur to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 95%.
Above-described mulberry leaves sterilization soaks 3-5 minute with the carbendazim solution of weight content 1%, or soak 3-5 minute with the potassium permanganate solution of 1%.
The medicine of above-mentioned control rice blast with other the nuisanceless bactericide compounded use preventing and treating rice blast, such as, can mix with tricyclazole, Isoprothiolane.
In described raw material, the source brief introduction of several raw material is as follows:
Carbendazim (carbendazim), chemical name N-(2-benzimidazolyl) formic acid esters, benzimidazole 44, bacteriolyze spirit etc.Character sterling is white crystals, and industrial goods are khaki powder, more stable to heat, unstable to soda acid.Document is recorded and be may be used for preventing and treating gibberella zeaze petch of wheat and barley, rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, sclerotium oryzicola; Many fruit trees, vegetable disease, as powdery mildew, anthracnose, scab etc.Add sulfuric acid or the dissolving with hydrochloric acid of 5% during use, or use its wetting powder, aqueous emulsion.With 100% carbendazim conversion when carbendazim uses.
Bitter fruit leaf is the leaf of margosa, margosa (
melia azedarach L.), grow the subtropical zone in Asia and Africa.Bitter; Cold in nature; Poisonous heat-clearing and damp-drying drug; Killing parasites to relieve itshing; Promoting qi circulation and relieving pain.Anti-lice and treatment skin disease is can be used for the medicament that the extract of the seed of margosa, leaf, bark is made.Margosa oil has all multiactions such as anti-insect, mite, virus, fungus and bacterium.Have bibliographical information, bitter fruit leaf can prevent and treat snout moth's larva, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, insect parasite which hurts rice plant, lice, cicada etc.
Mulberry leaves, be Moraceae Morus (
morus alba L.) leaf, mulberry tree is deciduous tree.Mulberry leaf are avette, are the feeds of feeding silkworm.Mulberry tree from northeast on the south Harbin; Northwest from Southern Nei Mongol to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi; Reach Guangdong, Guangxi in the south, to the east of Taiwan; Distribution is had to Sichuan, Yunnan.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks mulberry leaves, and cold nature, gas is micro-, and taste is micro-sweet, bitter.It is the medicine of the illnesss such as treatment is suffered from a deficiency of the kidney, functions of intestines and stomach is bad.
Document is had to record, the zymotic fluid of the bacillus of mulberry leaves can suppress the growth of some germs, harmful power of going out is strong: have the advantage of taking up space, suppress the growing environment of the harmful microbe such as harmful bacteria, pathogen, can also deodorizing: the organic substance, organic sulfur compound, organic nitrogen etc. that produce foul gas can be decomposed, greatly improve the environment in place.
Mulberry leaves zymotic fluid of the present invention adds bacillus subtilis, Classification system
bacillus subtilis,the subtilin produced in bacillus subtilis thalli growth process, polymixin, nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity material, the conditioned pathogen of these active substances to pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection has obvious inhibitory action, bacillus subtilis consumes rapidly the free oxygen in environment, cause enteron aisle hypoxemia, promote that useful anaerobic bacteria grows, and produce the organic acids such as lactic acid, reduce enteron aisle pH value, indirectly suppress the growth of other pathogenic bacteria.
The mechanism of action that the present invention prevents and treats the medicine of rice blast is: the antimycotic and bacterium bactericidal action relying on bitter fruit leaf extract, suppress the growth of rice blast virus, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid promotes useful anaerobic bacteria to grow and carbendazim resistance against diseases combines, and just effectively can prevent and treat rice blast.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, to prevent and treat the material composition of the medicine of rice blast nontoxic in the present invention, and noresidue, nuisanceless, production method is simple, and cost is low, easy to use.
2, insecticide of the present invention is to effectively preventing and treating rice blast, and once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 85%; And there is no resistance to medical, can use for many years.And some agricultural chemicals, even highly toxic pesticide, maximum Second Year, damage by disease and insect has just adapted to the property of medicine, and effect decays.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Fresh bitter fruit leaf is added the water water boil 20-30 minute of 5 times, elimination leaf slag, obtains liquid;
Wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves is plucked, 3-5 minute is soaked with the carbendazim solution of weight content 1%, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.2 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 5 grams, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation 3-7 days;
Aqueous sulfuric acid carbendazim being added weight content 5% dissolves.
Bitter fruit leaf extract 20 parts, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 20 parts and 5 parts of carbendazim are merged, mix, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, by the liquid dilute with water mixed, use 100-200 milliliter for every mu, be watered 15-20 and rise spraying, occur to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 85%.
embodiment 2
Fresh bitter fruit leaf is added the water water boil 20-30 minute of 8 times, elimination leaf slag, obtains liquid;
Wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves is plucked, 3-5 minute is soaked with the potassium permanganate solution of weight content 1%, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.3 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 5-10 gram, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation 3-7 days;
Prepare 50% carbendazol wettable powder.
Bitter fruit leaf extract 25 parts, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 20 parts and 6 parts of carbendazim are merged, mix, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, by the liquid dilute with water mixed, every mu of use 200 milliliters, is watered 15-20 and rises spraying, occurs to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 88%.
embodiment 3
Fresh bitter fruit leaf is added the water water boil 20-30 minute of 7 times, elimination leaf slag, obtains liquid;
Wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves is plucked, 3-5 minute is soaked with the carbendazim solution of weight content 1%, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.5 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 8 grams, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation 3-7 days;
Carbendazol wettable powder is added a small amount of water-soluble solution;
Bitter fruit leaf extract 25 parts, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 30 parts and 8 parts of carbendazim are merged, mix, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, by the liquid dilute with water mixed, every mu of use 150 milliliters, is watered 15-20 and rises spraying, occurs to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 90%.
embodiment 4
Fresh bitter fruit leaf is added the water water boil 20-30 minute of 6 times, elimination leaf slag, obtains liquid;
Wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves is plucked, 3-5 minute is soaked with the potassium permanganate solution of weight content 1%, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.3 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 5-10 gram, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation 3-7 days;
Prepare the carbendazim aqueous emulsion of 30%.
Bitter fruit leaf extract 22 parts, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 23 parts and 5 parts of carbendazim and 20% tricyclazole wettable powder, 20 grams of tricyclazoles are merged, mix, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, by the liquid dilute with water mixed, every mu of use 200 milliliters, be watered 15-20 and rise spraying, occur to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 95%.
embodiment 5
Fresh bitter fruit leaf is added the water water boil 20-30 minute of 6 times, elimination leaf slag, obtains liquid;
Wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves is plucked, 3-5 minute is soaked with the carbendazim solution of weight content 1%, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.5 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 8 grams, also add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, 25-32 DEG C of fermentation 3-7 days;
Carbendazol wettable powder is added a small amount of water-soluble solution;
By bitter fruit leaf extract 25 parts, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 20 parts and 8 parts of carbendazim and 40% Isoprothiolane (Fujione), missible oil 20 milliliters merging, mix, install in container, mix in latter 5 hours and will use, by the liquid dilute with water mixed, every mu of use 150 milliliters, be watered 15-20 and rise spraying, occur to be sprayed on stems and leaves of rice early stage at rice blast, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, spray, once spray rice blast control rate and reach 70%, secondary sprays rice blast control rate and reaches more than 95%.
The embodiment of the present invention and chemical pesticide 30% carbendazim, 20% tricyclazole wettable powder and 40% Isoprothiolane (Fujione), missible oil carry out the comparative test that 2 times are prevented and treated rice blast: the results are shown in following table 1:
Table 1:
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | 20% tricyclazole | 40% Isoprothiolane | |
| Rice blast control rate (%) | 87% | 88% | 92% | 95% | 97% |
From above-mentioned, the entirety control of embodiment of the present invention 1-3 to rice blast is slightly poorer than tricyclazole separately, but owing to not poisoning, does not pollute, do not remain, or is worth using, if once do not eliminate rice blast, can spray 2-3 time more, just have better effects.
Claims (6)
1. prevent and treat a medicine for rice blast, it is characterized in that, its raw material and parts by weight comprise:
Bitter fruit leaf extract 20 ~ 30 parts;
Mulberry leaves zymotic fluid 20 ~ 30 parts;
Carbendazim 5 ~ 10 parts;
Described bitter fruit leaf extract bitter fruit leaf is added 5-8 water water boil 20-30 minute doubly, elimination leaf slag, the liquid obtained;
Described mulberry leaves zymotic fluid is wash clean after fresh mulberry leaves being plucked, sterilize with disinfectant, then with cold water or distilled water washing, smash, be put in clean glass or ceramic vessel, per kilogram cold water or distilled water add mulberry leaves 0.2-0.5 kilogram, and add bacillus subtilis 5-10 gram and add glucose or the brown sugar of 20-50 gram, and 25-32 DEG C of fermentation obtains for 3-7 days.
2. the medicine of control rice blast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described carbendazim is wetting powder, aqueous emulsion.
3. the medicine of control rice blast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: production method is merged bitter fruit leaf extract, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid and carbendazim, mixes, install in container and use in 5 hours.
4. the medicine of control rice blast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid dilute with water that using method is bitter fruit leaf extract, mulberry leaves zymotic fluid and carbendazim mix, use 100-200 milliliter for every mu, be watered 15-20 and rise spraying, every day sprays once, within continuous 2-3 days, sprays.
5. the medicine of control rice blast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the disinfectant of mulberry leaves sterilization is the carbendazim solution of weight content 1%, or the potassium permanganate solution of 1%.
6. the medicine of control rice blast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this medicine can with other the nuisanceless bactericide compounded use preventing and treating rice blast.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105076232A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-11-25 | 湖州旭龙生物化学有限公司 | Sterilizing composition with carbendazim and tridax procumbens extracts |
| CN106035429A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-10-26 | 陕西理工大学 | Organic ecological pesticide formulation and preparation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105076232A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-11-25 | 湖州旭龙生物化学有限公司 | Sterilizing composition with carbendazim and tridax procumbens extracts |
| CN105076232B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2018-01-05 | 湖州旭龙生物化学有限公司 | A kind of bactericidal composition containing carbendazim and plumage awns chrysanthemum extract |
| CN106035429A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-10-26 | 陕西理工大学 | Organic ecological pesticide formulation and preparation method |
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Application publication date: 20150617 |